Chapter 86 Summary at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China[1]

(March 13, 1949) The Unity of the Universal Truth of Marxism and the Concrete Practice of the Chinese Revolution The unity of the universal truth of Marxism and the concrete practice of the Chinese revolution should be formulated in this way, which is better.It should not be like Comrade Wang Ming [2]'s formulation, saying that Mao Zedong Thought "is the concrete application and development of Marxism-Leninism in colonies and semi-colonies", this formulation is inappropriate.Because according to Wang Ming's formulation, it is a bit like dividing the "market".The scope of colonies and semi-colonies in the world is very wide. Once they are divided, it seems that Stalin only takes care of those places where industries develop, while the colonies and semi-colonies belong to us. Doesn’t that divide the “market” of Marxism? ?Moreover, we say that the colonies and semi-colonies belong to us, but there is a country that proposes not to buy your products, but to go directly to Moscow to buy products. What should we do? Besides, if it is true, it is somewhat universal , it cannot exceed a certain range.For example, take Japan as an example. According to Wang Ming’s formulation, it belongs to us now. After the withdrawal of the US imperialists, it should be under the control of Stalin. Isn’t this a joke? Of course, we should not be too busy thinking about it. Do China's own affairs well first.If there is experience that can be applied to other countries, someone will use it.So, don't make that definition.Stalin's definition of Leninism [3] was born in the struggle against the opportunism of the Second International and Zinoviev [4] and so on.In Russia at that time, there was the influence of Marx and Lenin, as well as the influence of Zinoviev and the opportunism of the Second International, so I have to mention it that way.The prestige of Marx, En, Lenin, and Sri Lanka in China is very high, and this kind of problem does not occur in China.

Why shouldn't the Chinese Communists be listed side by side with Marxism, Enlightenment, Leninism, and Sri Lanka? We must spread Marxism widely, and at the same time neither oppose nor should oppose the propaganda of Chinese things.But what we lack is the theories of Marx, Engel, Lenin, and Sri Lanka. Our party's theoretical level is low. Although we have translated many books, we have not done a good job of publicizing the works of Marx, Engel, Lenin, and Sri Lanka.Therefore, it is time to publicize the theories of materialism, the party and the state, and the political economy of Marx, Eng, Lenin, and Sri Lanka in the whole of China and the whole world. s juxtaposed.We say that what we have learned is the experience of one country, and it is better to say it this way.If they are mentioned side by side, it seems that we have everything by ourselves, as if the host is me, and we invite Ma, En, Lie, and S to accompany us.We invite them not to accompany guests, but to be teachers, and we are students.You can't be naughty about scientific things, you can't compare with the size of the country, and you can't take the lead because Bulgaria is small, and the Soviet Union has only 20 million people, while our country is big and has a population of more than 40 million.Here, quantity does not equal quality.If we insist on comparison, how should we look at Marx's motherland, where there is no revolution today?

Some people say that Stalin's thoughts are called doctrines, not doctrines, because of Stalin's humility.I don’t think so, it can’t be interpreted as modesty, but because the Soviet Union already had a Leninism, and Stalin’s ideas conformed to this doctrine, and he implemented it into practical policies.Otherwise, if there is a Leninism and a Stalinism, there will be two doctrines.In the same way, if there is one more doctrine in the thought, line, and policy of the Chinese revolution, then there will be several doctrines in the world, which is not good for the revolution, and it is better for us to be a branch of Marxism-Leninism.

Regarding the twelve books that cadres must read[5], in the past we did not have a certain range of reading, translated many books, and published them all. Now that we have accumulated more than 20 years of experience, we know that we must read these twelve books. It is stipulated to read it once or twice within three years.To propagate Marxism and raise our level of Marxism, we should have a common understanding, but many of our senior cadres have not yet had a common understanding on this issue.If within the next three years, 30,000 people have finished reading these twelve books, and if 3,000 people have read these twelve books thoroughly, that would be great.

On the Relationship Between the October Revolution and the Chinese Revolution Regarding the relationship between the Russian October Revolution and the Chinese Revolution, the October Revolution was the first greatest victory of mankind in the era of proletarian revolution, and the defeat of German, Italian, and Japanese imperialism in World War II was the second greatest victory. The Chinese Revolution was the third greatest victory.So is the order of history.It is impossible to imagine the victory of the Chinese revolution without the October Revolution and the anti-fascist victory in World War II.The victory of the Chinese revolution would have been impossible without the October Revolution.In the era of the imperialist system, the revolution in any country cannot be victorious without international assistance.Until the Soviet Union implemented the Third Five-Year Plan, Stalin still talked about the problem in this way, because although the Soviet Union won domestically, the problem of foreign interference has not been eliminated, and it is still the case now.Assessing the situation, we must win, and socialism must win. This is the overall trend and possibility.But the victory is not considered until the final victory, and the same is true for the Chinese revolution.Moreover, the consolidation after victory will not be possible without the assistance of the foreign proletariat.It is incorrect and contrary to Marxism-Leninism to think that victory can be achieved without the assistance of the international proletariat.We cannot imagine that without the Soviet Union, without the European and American labor movements attracting the forces of American imperialism in the West, our Chinese revolution would be victorious.I said that the air in the east is relatively thin, while the air pressure in the west is heavy, so we will break through the link in the east where the imperialist forces are relatively weak.The same is true for the consolidation after the victory of the Chinese revolution. The imperialists want to destroy us. Without the assistance of the proletariat of all countries, first of all the Soviet Union, consolidation is impossible.Naturally, we are helped by others, and we must always be ready to help others.This is internationalism.The relationship between China and the Soviet Union is a close brotherly relationship. We and the Soviet Union should stand on the same front and be allies. Whenever there is an opportunity, we must publish a statement to explain this point.Now we must explain this point to non-Party people, and we must also do this kind of propaganda.

The great significance of the victory of the Chinese revolution should be publicized, and it should be widely publicized among the people of the whole country and the whole party.But at the same time, we should not be proud. From the perspective of building a new China in the future, the road is still very long, and the victory of the Revolutionary War is only a short journey, and it is only the beginning of things. "Complete all its achievements in one battle" "It's all done in one battle," I said in terms of the bloody revolution, that is to say, there is only this one bloody revolution. In the future, when the new-democratic revolution turns into a socialist revolution, there will be no need to shed blood, and a peaceful solution may be possible.But this is only a possibility. Whether there will be no bloodshed in the future depends on our hard work.If the country, mainly the People's Liberation Army and our Party, is corrupted and the proletariat cannot control the state power, then there is still a problem.As for the saying that "both political and economic achievements have been made at the same time", that cannot be said in this way. Comrade Wang Ming said that, it is wrong.

How to help Comrade Wang Ming correct his mistakes? How can we help Comrade Wang Ming correct his mistakes? Many comrades have said that Comrade Wang Ming's speech is very bad.The second half of his speech yesterday was somewhat progressive.The problem is that he has lost his initiative and is passive. The reason is that he has no self-criticism and is unwilling to admit his mistakes and the basic points of his mistakes.His "initiative" is still at the Fourth Plenary Session[6] and the December meeting[7], and those are wrong and have already been criticized. It is a complete wrong line, "left" and right Both.It is probably inevitable that such a wrong line will emerge in China. It is a reflection of social phenomena within the Party.

As for whether Wang Ming has personal ambitions, he doesn't admit it, and I don't think it's necessary for him to admit it.But he admitted individualism, which means not putting the interests of the people first, but putting personal interests first.In fact, individualism becomes doctrine, which is quite impressive.Personal ambition, he finds it difficult to admit it. In fact, he was the commander-in-chief of the two wrong lines during the civil war and the Anti-Japanese War. Although he did not have the title of general secretary or commander-in-chief, he was just a committee member, etc., but that didn't matter. of.The essence is that he tried to reform the party in his own image, which manifested itself as a petty bourgeoisie during the Civil War and as a bourgeoisie during the Anti-Japanese War.This phenomenon has also happened in other countries in the world.This is not a personal problem, but some people in society have this kind of thinking. Wang Ming is their representative in the party.The erroneous line during the civil war period, to put it bluntly, was the line of Wang Ming and Bogu[8], or simply called the line of Wang Ming.The wrong line during the Anti-Japanese War, the commander-in-chief was Wang Ming, and he was responsible for it alone.The commander-in-chief of the Lisan line was Li Lisan[9], not Xiang Zhongfa[10], although Xiang Zhongfa was the general secretary.That's how it is.

Wang Ming's line was "left" during the civil war and right during the Anti-Japanese War, but its lineup has undergone some changes.Wang Jiaxiang and Luo Fu[11] were already awakened at the Zunyi Conference, and Bo Gu and others were also awakened after the Sixth Plenary Session. After rectification and line study, these comrades became even more awakened, but Wang Ming was not yet awakened.At the Seventh National Congress, Wang Ming wrote a statement, but two months later he said it was written by force, and he wanted to deny it.Until this speech, he has not yet realized.He spoke the truth in the second half of his speech yesterday. We welcome his progress and see what he does in the future.

There were those in the party who tried to reform the party to their liking, but failed; but if they did, it would be bad.The nature of this issue is a reflection of the class struggle in society within the Party.The rectification movement improved comrades' sense of smell and narrowed the market for dogmatism.Some people say that this is a conspiracy to replace it.In fact, this is not a conspiracy, but a conspiracy, and it is also to be replaced.Wang Ming attacked the "Left", "Centre" and "Right" in the party at the same time, and attacked the "Left" faction (anti-Lisan line) and the "Central" faction (anti-Zhou Enlai and Zhai Qiubai's "conciliation line"[12] 13]), beat the "Center" faction and beat the "Right" faction, beat the old man almost.Many people talk about usurping the party, the army, and the government. It is true. It started from the Fourth Plenary Session of the Central Committee, not the Fifth Plenary Session[14]. Back home, to the Sixth Plenary Session [15].At the Sixth Plenary Session, a drop of alcohol shrunk the microorganisms.Two imperial envoys, one was Wang Ming, who came back in November 1937 to convey the so-called "international line"; Ming's "international route" is different.Wang Jiaxiang brought back the international documents, which turned into a drop of alcohol, and the microorganisms shrank as the drops fell.After rectification, the microorganisms have been greatly reduced, and superstitions have been broken.But there are still microorganisms in Wang Ming's mind, which haven't been sterilized yet.

I agree to ask Wang Ming to write something.Bo Gu, Luo Fu, etc. have written in the past.What is written is not a final decision, and there is still complete freedom in the future. It can be completely overturned or partially revised.Do you want to limit the time? I think it is not appropriate to have no time limit like in the past.I think it can be limited to one month, but it is up to Wang Ming to express his opinion. (Wang Ming said: One month is fine.) The time spent moving to Peiping is not counted.In the future, we will still adopt the policy of "learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones, cure diseases and save patients", and anyone who has made mistakes in the party will be assigned a job.We should not only welcome him to actively talk to us, but we should also talk to him and do work with him.There are many comrades in our party who know that they should do work to Fu Zuoyi[16] and democrats, but as soon as a person hangs up the signboard of a Communist, they will stop doing work to him, which is not good.For comrades who have made mistakes, we still have to do work. The people's congress system and the party's congress system The people's congress system and the party's congress system.We do not adopt the parliamentary system of a bourgeois republic, but the Soviet system of a proletarian republic.The conference is the Soviet.Naturally, in terms of content, we are different from the Soviets of the proletarian dictatorship in the Soviet Union. We are people's Soviets based on the workers' and peasants' alliance.The Soviets were created by the Russian people and Lenin developed them.In China, because the parliamentary system of a bourgeois republic is already rotten among the people, we do not adopt it, but the political system of a socialist country. Complementing with the system of the people's congress is the system of the party's congress.The Second Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is, by its nature, a party representative meeting. However, this form of the Central Plenary Session can fully discuss issues, which is better than a meeting of one or two thousand people to solve problems. Published based on the transcript of the speech kept by the Central Archives. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1] Mao Zedong’s summary at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China consists of ten parts, of which the second part “On the Party Committee System” has been included in the fourth volume of “Selected Works of Mao Zedong”, entitled “Working Methods of the Party Committee”.Selected here are the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and ninth parts, and the subtitles in the text are added by the editor. [2] Wang Ming, namely Chen Shaoyu (1904-1974), was born in Jinzhai, Anhui.Joined the Communist Party of China in 1925.Since the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in January 1931, he has served as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and a member of the Political Bureau.In November 1931, he went to Moscow to serve as the representative of the Chinese Communist Party to the Communist International.He was the main representative of the "Left" adventurist errors in the Communist Party of China before the Zunyi Conference from January 1931 to January 1935.He returned to China in November 1937, and subsequently served as Secretary of the Yangtze River Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.In the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, he put forward many ideas of right-leaning capitulationism.He believed in the Kuomintang more than in the Communist Party, and dared not let go to mobilize the masses, dare not let go to develop the people's army, and dare not expand the liberated areas in the Japanese-occupied areas.Since the correct line represented by Mao Zedong has already dominated the whole party, these mistakes of Wang Ming only once had an impact in some areas.He rejected the party's criticism and help for a long time, stayed in the Soviet Union after 1956, and wrote articles attacking the Chinese Communist Party. [3] Stalin said in his speech "On the Foundations of Leninism" in 1924: "Leninism is Marxism in the era of imperialism and proletarian revolution. To be more precise, Leninism is the theory and tactics of proletarian revolution , especially the theory and tactics of the dictatorship of the proletariat." ("Selected Works of Stalin", Volume 1, People's Publishing House, 1979 edition, p. 185) [4] Zinoviev (1883-1936), the leader of the "New Opposition" in the Soviet Union.He joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in 1901, participated in the 1905 Revolution, and was elected as a member of the Central Committee in 1907.After the October Revolution, he successively served as a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, chairman of the Petrograd Soviet, and chairman of the Executive Committee of the Communist International.Organized the "New Opposition" in 1925, and later formed an alliance with Trotsky, and was purged from the party in 1927.Executed in 1936.In 1988, the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union revoked his sentence and declared him innocent before the law, the country and the people. [5] Refers to the twelve books stipulated by the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that cadres must read Marxism-Leninism, namely: "History of Social Development", "Political Economy", "Communist Manifesto", "Socialism from Utopia to Science" Development", "Imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism", "State and Revolution", "The "Left" Infantile Disease in the Communist Movement", "On the Foundation of Leninism", "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks), " Lenin and Stalin on Socialist Construction", "Lenin and Stalin on China", "Marxism and Leninism on Methodology of Thought". [6] Refers to the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Shanghai on January 7, 1931.With the support of the Communist International and its representative Mif, Wang Ming and others gained leadership in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China through this meeting, and began the four-year-long "Left" adventurism in the party's erroneous rule. [7] Refers to the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held in Yan'an from December 9 to 14, 1937.At the meeting, Wang Ming claimed to represent the international line. In his speech, he fundamentally denied the principles and policies determined by the Luochuan Conference of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in August 1937, and put forward many right-leaning capitulationist ideas.His erroneous opinions failed to form a meeting resolution. [8] Bogu, namely Qin Bangxian (1907-1946), was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu.From September 1931 to January 1935, he was the main person in charge of the Provisional Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Committee after the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.During this period, serious mistakes of "Left" adventurism were made.After the Zunyi Conference, he was removed from the top leadership positions of the party and the Red Army.In the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, he successively worked in the Yangtze River Bureau and the Southern Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.After 1941, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, he founded and presided over the "Liberation Daily" and Xinhua News Agency in Yan'an.I made a self-criticism about my past mistakes.In 1945, he was re-elected as a member of the Central Committee at the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China.In February 1946, he went to Chongqing to participate in negotiations with the Kuomintang.On April 8, he was killed in a plane crash on his way back to Yan'an. [9] Li Lisan (1899-1967), a native of Liling, Hunan.Since 1929, he has been a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and head of the Central Propaganda Department.During his leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, from June to September 1930, he committed the mistake of "Left" adventurism.Later, he accepted the party's criticism of his mistakes, recognized and corrected them.In 1945, at the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, he continued to be elected as a member of the Central Committee. [10] Xiang Zhongfa (1880-1931), a native of Hanchuan, Hubei.In July 1928, he began to serve as Chairman of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.In 1930, he echoed Li Lisan's "Left" adventurism. [11] Wang Jiaxiang (1906-1974), a native of Jing County, Anhui.In the spring of 1931, he entered the Jiangxi Revolutionary Base as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.In January 1934, he was co-opted as a member of the Central Committee at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and was elected as an alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.At the Zunyi Conference in January 1935, he supported and supported Mao Zedong's correct ideas. After the meeting, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai formed a three-member central military leadership group to lead the Red Army to continue the Long March.In November 1937, he served as the representative of the Communist Party of China to the Communist International, and returned to Yan'an in the summer of 1938.He later served as vice chairman of the Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, director of the General Political Department and director of the Political Department of the Eighth Route Army.In 1944, he resigned to recuperate due to the recurrence of injury.In 1945, he was elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee at the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China.Luo Fu, namely Zhang Wentian (1900-1976), was born in Nanhui, Jiangsu (now part of Shanghai).In September 1931, he served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Provisional Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.In January 1933, it entered the Central Revolutionary Base.In January 1934, he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. In February, he was appointed as the Chairman of the People's Committee of the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic.At the Zunyi Conference in January 1935, he supported and supported Mao Zedong's correct proposition, and drafted the resolution of the Zunyi Conference for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.After the meeting, according to the division of labor among members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, he succeeded Bogu to take overall responsibility in the Central Committee. [12] Qu Qiubai (1899-1935), a native of Changzhou, Jiangsu.He joined the Communist Party of China in 1922 and was one of the party's early leaders.At the critical moment after the failure of the Great Revolution in 1927, he chaired the August 7th Conference with Li Weihan.After the meeting, he served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Provisional Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and presided over the work of the Central Committee.From November 1927 to April 1928, he committed the mistake of "Left" putschism.In September 1930, he presided over the Third Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Zhou Enlai to correct the mistakes of Li Lisan's "Left" adventurism.At the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1931, he was attacked by Wang Ming's "Left" dogmatic sectarians and was excluded from the party's central leadership.In February 1935, he was arrested by the Kuomintang while transferring from Jiangxi to Fujian, and died in Changting, Fujian on June 18. [13] From June to September 1930, Li Lisan made the mistake of "Left" adventurism when he was in charge of the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.In August of the same year, Zhou Enlai and Qu Qiubai were dispatched by the Executive Committee of the Communist International to return from Moscow to correct Li Lisan's mistakes.In late September, the Communist Party of China held the enlarged Third Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee in Shanghai.This meeting pointed out Li Lisan's mistakes, stopped Li Lisan and others' risky actions of organizing the national general uprising and concentrating the national Red Army to attack the central cities, and decided to restore the independent organization and regular work of the party, regiment, and trade union.In this way, Li Lisan's "Left" adventurism erroneously ruled the central government.However, the meeting believed that Li Lisan had only made "separate mistakes in strategy, work and organization", which showed a certain spirit of conciliation and compromise.This point was later promoted by Wang Ming and others as "conciliationism" and "conciliation line" to oppose it. [14] Refers to the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province in mid-January 1934.This conference mistakenly concluded that there was already a "direct revolutionary situation" in China, and that the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" was a "struggle for complete victory" for the revolution, which brought the "Left" error to its climax. [15] Refers to the enlarged Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Yan'an from September 29 to November 6, 1938.This meeting approved the line of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee represented by Mao Zedong, basically overcoming the mistakes of Wang Ming's Rightist capitulationism. [16] Fu Zuoyi, formerly the commander-in-chief of the North China "Bandit Suppression" Headquarters of the Kuomintang Army.In January 1949, he led his troops to accept the peaceful reorganization of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and contributed to the peaceful liberation of Beiping and Suiyuan.