Chapter 34 Instructions of the Military Commission on Implementing Cultural Education in the Army

(August 1, 1950) The Chinese People's War of Liberation has basically ended, except for Tibet, Taiwan and other places that have yet to be liberated, and the remaining bandits in various places have yet to be wiped out.The great work of economic and cultural construction of the country has already begun.In the future, the tasks of the People's Liberation Army, in addition to liberating Tibet and Taiwan and eradicating the remaining bandits, will mainly focus on building national defense, preparing for possible imperialist aggression, maintaining internal security, and consolidating the people's democratic dictatorship.At the same time, we should try our best to participate in the country's economic construction and other work.The entire People's Liberation Army has basically completed the great task of the domestic revolutionary war, and has won the love and support of the people of the whole country. In the future, it must strive to complete new tasks.In view of the fact that the general cultural level of the commanders and combatants of the People's Liberation Army is too low, in order to complete the great new mission, it is necessary to improve the cultural, scientific and technical level of all commanders and combatants, and train a large number of combatants from the army. Intellectuals of worker and peasant origin.Therefore, the central government decided that, in addition to performing the prescribed combat and production tasks, the entire army must focus on cultural learning for a considerable period of time in the future, with the improvement of culture as the primary task, so that the army can form a huge school, organize the vast number of commanders and Combatants, especially cadres with low levels of education, participate in cultural studies.To this end, the following items are specifically stipulated:

(1) Military-scale cultural education officially began in January 1951.Within three years, the general soldiers and cadres below the primary school level should reach the level of the senior primary school, and the cadres generally equivalent to the senior primary school level should reach the level of the junior high school, and then continue to improve. (2) In the educational time of the company, it is provisionally stipulated that 60% of the time should be devoted to cultural education, 30% to military education, and 10% to political education.However, in 1951, certain uprising troops should reduce their time for cultural education and increase their time for political education.If the time allocation for company education of the whole army needs to be changed due to changing circumstances, it should be changed by order.

(3) All troops should follow the method of connecting on-the-job education and off-job education, and focus on on-the-job education, and organize the following various cultural schools: (1) On-the-job half-day cultural schools are generally held by all levels above the regiment.This kind of half-day school should set up classes such as junior primary school, senior primary school, middle school or special training according to the situation.In institutions and troops with heavy work and many recruited cadres, there are two classes in the morning and afternoon. (2) Accelerated primary schools and accelerated secondary schools for resigned cadres are temporarily held by the army and at all levels above the provincial military area.Accelerated middle schools can be divided into ordinary junior middle schools and complete middle schools.First-level military regions can hold cultural remedial classes for retired senior cadres.

(3) The company takes the form of a school and provides basically complete primary and secondary education. (4) All military and political universities should focus on cultural education within one year or one and a half years.Other schools in the army, except those stipulated or approved by the Military Commission, are temporarily closed or reorganized into cultural schools. (4) All in-service cadres and soldiers who need to study and remedial culture, regardless of their positions, should, without exception, follow the examination and screening of cultural courses, participate in appropriate classes of in-service cultural education, and study hard.

Cadres at all levels, first of all cadres from workers and peasants who have experienced many years of struggle and have a very low level of education, all those who can leave their jobs for study should be transferred in batches or in turn by the leading organs at all levels in a planned way, and after passing the examination, they should be sent to crash primary schools. Or fast-track middle school, or cultural remedial classes for senior cadres to study.Some outstanding young fighters can also be transferred to school. (5) The education of both on-the-job and off-job cultural schools should adopt a quick, practical but formal education policy.

The school curriculum should be simplified and reorganized with reference to the curriculum of ordinary primary and middle schools, maintaining its scientific system, subtracting unnecessary courses, and increasing the content of necessary courses.Elementary schools take Chinese and arithmetic as the basic courses, and also have a small amount of natural, history and geography general knowledge courses.Secondary schools must also focus on Chinese and mathematics, but they should be supplemented by courses in science, physics, chemistry, history, and geography.In addition, all kinds of schools must have certain military and political courses.All kinds of basic courses should use centrally approved textbooks.Before the approved textbooks are issued by the central government, existing textbooks can be used.

All cultural schools should establish regular and reasonable systems for examination, grading, class placement, promotion, repetition, graduation, and diploma issuance, formulate various necessary regulations and rules, establish students' self-conscious discipline, and stipulate the responsibilities of teachers. Education in schools of various cultures takes classes as the main method, and at the same time attaches importance to activities such as self-study and counseling, so as to facilitate effective and rapid education and learning. (6) Leaders and teachers of in-service and out-of-service cultural schools at all levels shall be uniformly deployed by each level-one military region.First of all, teachers should be recruited from among the intellectual cadres of the various units.The insufficient number shall be planned by the first-level military region, and recruited or recruited from military and political universities, people's revolution universities, common universities and middle schools in various places, and unemployed intellectuals.Teachers in cadre schools should strive to be excellent and competent.

(7) The funds necessary for military culture and education should be budgeted by the Political Department of the military region at the first level, approved by the higher level, and provided by the supply department at all levels in a timely manner. (8) Cultural and educational work in the military should be carried out under the unified leadership of party committees at all levels.In order to carry out the education work smoothly, under the leadership of the party committees at all levels above the regiment, a cultural and educational committee including the heads of the department, politics, logistics, and relevant departments and the heads of the schools must be established to be responsible for planning the courses, time, and time of cultural education. Funding, equipment and deployment of teachers, students and other matters.The implementation of education work is carried out by the leaders of political organs at all levels and the heads of schools.

(9) The administrative organ of the military's cultural and educational work is the General Political Department of the Military Commission.The General Political Department of the Military Commission must resolve the implementation plan of the military's cultural education and other major issues that must be dealt with uniformly in a timely manner. (10) There are still five months left in this year. In addition to rectification, production, reorganization and demobilization, military training and political training, all units that have not undertaken combat missions and huge engineering tasks should mobilize, recruit and train teachers, and deploy Admission of students, preparation of school buildings, textbooks and other educational equipment, etc., completion of preparatory work, with a view to the start of school in January next year.At the same time, key trials can be started immediately to gain experience.

chairman mao zedong Printed from originals kept at the Central Archives.