Chapter 60 On the International Situation[1]

(September 5 and 8, 1958) one We have always had a view on the international situation, which is always optimistic.It was later summarized as "the east wind prevails over the west wind". The United States has now introduced a "big contract" system here, simply including Jinmen, Matsu, and some other Dadan Islands, Erdan Islands, and Dongding Islands. I think it is comfortable.It is on our noose, America's neck hangs on our Chinese iron noose.Taiwan is also a noose, but farther away.If it wants to include the Golden Gate system, then its head will be closer to us.One day we kicked it, and it couldn't get away because it was tied by a rope.

Now I will put forward some views, and put forward some views for you, and do not regard it as a decision or a law.As a law is dead, as an opinion is alive.Take these viewpoints to observe the international situation. The first one is whoever is more afraid.I think Americans are afraid of war.We are also afraid of war.The question is which one is more frightening.This is also a point of view, and a point of view.Please take this point of view to take a look, observe and observe, in the next year, two, three, or four years, if you continue to observe like this, is the West more afraid of the East, or is the East more afraid of the West? According to my opinion The point of view is that Dulles [2] is more afraid of us, and it is the Western countries such as Britain, the United States, Germany, and France who are more afraid of us.Why are they more afraid? It's a question of strength, a question of people's hearts.People's hearts are power. There are more people on our side and fewer people on their side.Communism, nationalism, and imperialism, among these three doctrines, communism and nationalism are relatively close.However, the area occupied by nationalism is quite wide, with three continents: one in Asia, one in Africa, and one in Latin America.Even though many rulers in these continents are pro-Western, such as Thailand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Japan, Turkey, Iran, etc., there are quite a few people among the people who are pro-Oriental, perhaps quite a few.It is the monopoly capitalists and those most poisoned by them who advocate war.Apart from the monopoly capitalists, most (not all) of the people are unwilling to go to war.For example, in several Nordic countries, the bourgeoisie is also in power, and they are unwilling to go to war.Such is the balance of power.Because the truth is in the hands of most people, not in the hands of Dulles, their hearts are more modest than ours, while our hearts are more solid.We depend on the people, they are the ones who sustain the reactionary rulers.This is what Dulles is doing now, and he only supports people like Generalissimo Chiang, Syngman Rhee, and Wu Tingyan[3].I think so. Both sides are afraid, but they are more afraid of us, so war cannot be fought.

Second, the U.S. imperialists have formed military blocs, such as the North Atlantic[4], Baghdad[5], and Manila[6]. What is the nature of these groups? We call them aggressive.They are aggressive, that's absolutely true.But which side are they attacking now? Are they attacking socialism or nationalism? I think they are attacking nationalism now, that is, attacking Egypt, Lebanon and the weak countries in the Middle East.Socialist countries, unless, for example, Hungary failed, Poland also collapsed, the Czech Republic and East Germany also collapsed, and even the Soviet Union had problems, and we also had problems, and they were on the verge of collapse. At that time, they will attack.If you want to fall, why don’t they attack? Now we don’t fall, we consolidate, our bones can’t be gnawed, so they gnaw at those places that are more gnawable, engage in Indonesia, India, Myanmar, Ceylon[7], want to To defeat Nasser[8], to destroy Iraq, to ​​conquer Algeria, and so on.Now Latin America has made great progress.Nixon was a vice president, unpopular[9] in eight countries, spat on and stoned.American political representatives were spat at in front of those people. This is contempt for "dignity", no "politeness", and it doesn't count in their minds.You are our enemy, so I will use saliva and stones to deal with you.Therefore, don't take these three military blocs so seriously, but analyze them.They are aggressive, but they are not firm.

Article 3 is about tension.Every day we call for the easing of tension, and the easing of tension is beneficial to the people of the world.All tension, then, is bad for us, isn't it? I don't think so.This tense situation is not purely harmful to us, but also beneficial.What's the point? Because apart from the harmful side of tension, it can also mobilize people, mobilize the backward classes, and mobilize the centrists to fight.Those who are afraid of an atomic war should think about it.Look at how many cannons [10] were fired by Kinmen and Matsu. I never expected that the world is now full of storms and smog.This is because people are afraid of war and that the United States will make trouble everywhere.There are so many countries in the world, except for Syngman Rhee, there is no second country that supports the United States.Maybe add a Philippines, called "conditional support".For example, the Iraqi revolution was not caused by tension? The tension does not depend on us, it is caused by imperialism itself, but in the final analysis it is even more detrimental to imperialism.Lenin said this point. He was talking about war. He said that war mobilizes people's mental state and makes them tense.Of course there is no war now, but this tense situation in the context of armed confrontation can also mobilize all positive factors and make the backward classes think about it.

Article 4, the withdrawal of troops from the Middle East.The American and British invading forces must retreat.Imperialism now wants to stick around, which is not good for the people, but at the same time it also serves the purpose of educating the people.If you want to oppose the aggressor, if there is no target, no target, no opposition, it will not be easy to oppose.Now it has come forward to act as the opposite, and by holding on to it, it has played the role of mobilizing the people of the world to rise up against the U.S. aggressors.So it does not retreat for a long time, and it may not be so purely harmful to the people in general, because the people can urge it to go every day: why don't you go?

Article 5: Is it better for Charles de Gaulle[11] to be on stage, or not to be on stage? The French Communist Party and the people should firmly oppose Charles de Gaulle’s appearance on stage and vote against his constitution, but at the same time, prepare for the struggle after he takes office if opposition is not possible.De Gaulle came to power to oppress the French Republic and the French people, but it was also beneficial internally and externally.Externally, this person likes to quarrel with Britain and the United States, and he likes to argue.He had suffered in the past. He wrote a memoir in which he cursed Britain and the United States and said good things about the Soviet Union.Now it seems that he is still going to make trouble.It would be beneficial for France to quarrel with Britain and the United States.Internally, the teachers who are indispensable for educating the French proletariat are equivalent to our Chinese Chairman Chiang.Without Chairman Chiang, 600 million people cannot be educated, and the positive education of the Communist Party alone cannot.De Gaulle still has prestige now, you will defeat him, he is not dead, people still miss him.Letting him appear on stage is nothing more than five, six, seven, eight, or ten years at most, and he will collapse.Once he collapsed, there will be no second De Gaulle, and the poison will be released.This poison must be released, which is equal to the poison of our rightists, you have to let him release it.If you don't let him release it, he will always be poisonous, and the poison will disappear after being released.

Article 6, embargo, do not do business with us.What are the benefits of this thing for us? In my opinion, the embargo is of great benefit to us, and we don't feel that the embargo has any disadvantages.The embargo is of great benefit to our basic necessities of life, as well as construction (steelmaking and ironmaking).Once embargoed, we have to find our own way.I have always been grateful to He Yingqin[12].In 1937, the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, with 400,000 French currency per month. Since he issued legal currency, we have relied on this legal currency.In 1940, when the anti-communist upsurge was on the rise, it was discontinued, and it would not come again.From now on, we have to figure out a way by ourselves, what can we do? We gave an order saying that there was no more currency, and you should make up your own mind with the group as a unit.Since then, the production campaign in each base area has produced a value of not 400,000 yuan, not 4 million yuan, or even 40 million yuan. The total value of each base area may be 100 to 200 million yuan.From now on we will do it ourselves.Who is "He Yingqin" now? It is Dulles, who has changed his name.Now that they are embargoed, we can do it ourselves, make the Great Leap Forward, get rid of dependence and superstition, and that will be fine.

Article 7, do not recognize the problem.Is it more beneficial to admit it, or not to admit it? I said that it is like an embargo. It is more advantageous for the imperialist countries not to recognize us than to recognize us.There are still more than 40 countries that do not recognize us, and the main reason is the United States.For example, France wants to admit it, but dare not because the United States opposes it.There are other countries in Central and South America, Asia, Africa, Europe, and Canada that dare not admit it because of the United States.There are only nineteen capitalist countries that recognize us now. Adding eleven to the socialist camp, there are thirty [13], and adding Yugoslavia, there are thirty-one.I think that's how we live.I don't think it's bad if we don't recognize us, it's better, let us produce a little more steel, 600 to 700 million tons, and they will always admit it at that time.At that time, it is also possible not to admit it, so why does it matter if they don't admit it?

The last one is to prepare for a war against aggression.The first article said that the two sides are afraid of fighting, and there will be no war, but things in the world still need to have an insurance factor.Because there is a monopoly bourgeoisie in the world, I am afraid they will act recklessly, so we must prepare for war.This should be explained among the cadres.First, we do not want to fight, and we oppose it, as did the Soviet Union.If we want to fight, they should fight first, forcing us to fight.Second, we are not afraid of fighting, we will fight if we want to.We only have grenades and yam eggs now.Wars with hydrogen bombs and atomic bombs are of course terrible, and they will kill people, so we are against fighting them.But the decision-making power is not in our hands. If imperialism must be fought, then we must prepare everything to fight if we want to.That is to say, there is nothing terrible about half of the people dying.This is the extreme.In the entire history of the universe, I don't believe in being that pessimistic.I debated this issue with Prime Minister Nehru[14], and he said that at that time there was no government, everything was wiped out, and no government could be found even if they wanted to make peace.I said, there is no such thing, your government was wiped out by the atomic bomb, and the common people set up another government, and they can negotiate peace again.If you don’t think about the extremes of things in the world, you won’t be able to sleep.It is nothing more than killing people, nothing more than a fear of being beaten.But it must fight. It was the first to fight. It hit the atomic bomb. At this time, if it is afraid, it will also fight. If it is not afraid, it will also fight.Since it is to fight if you are afraid, or to fight if you are not afraid, which one should you choose? Is it better to be afraid or not to be afraid? It is very dangerous to be afraid every day and not to muster a little energy among the cadres and the people.In my opinion, we still have a single mind, fight as soon as you want, and build after fighting.Therefore, we now have militias, and all people's communes have militias, and all the people are soldiers.To issue guns, several million at first, and tens of millions in the future, the provinces will manufacture light weapons, rifles, machine guns, hand grenades, small mortars, and light mortars.People's communes have military departments, and they practice everywhere.Literate people present here, you also have to appeal to me. Holding a pen alone is not enough. Holding a pen in one hand and a gun in the other is both culture and militaryization.

There are eight points of view, which should be regarded as one point of view for you to adopt when observing the international situation. two Let's talk about old sayings.Didn’t we talk about the noose last time? Now we are going to talk about using the noose against Dulles and Eisenhower[15] and those warmongers.There are many places where the noose is used against the United States.As far as I know, anyone who sets up a military base will be hanged by a noose, for example: East, South Korea, Japan, Philippines, Taiwan; West, West Germany, France, Italy, Britain; Middle East, Turkey, Iran; Africa , Morocco and more.The United States has many military bases in every place. For example, Turkey has more than 20 bases, and Japan has 800 bases.There are also places where there are no bases, but are occupied by troops, such as the United States in Lebanon and the United Kingdom in Jordan.

Let’s not talk about anything else now, just talk about two nooses: one for Lebanon and one for Taiwan.Taiwan is an old noose that the US has occupied for several years.Who was it strangled by? It was strangled by the People's Republic of China.The 600 million people hold a rope in their hands. This rope is a steel rope, and it is wrapped around the neck of the United States.Who let it get caught? It made its own noose, caught it by itself, and then threw one end of the noose to mainland China for us to catch.Lebanon was the most recent noose, and it was also a noose made by the United States. It was put on by itself, and one end of the noose was thrown into the hands of the Arab nation.Not only that, but it has been thrown into the hands of the majority of people around the world. Everyone scolds it and does not sympathize with it. The people and governments of most countries hold this noose in their hands.For example, on the Middle East issue, the United Nations held a meeting.But it is mainly trapped in the hands of the Arab people and cannot get out.It is now in a dilemma. Is it better to retreat early or to retreat later? If it retreats early, then why did it come? If it retreats late, it will become more and more tight, and it may become a deadlock. Different than Lebanon.Lebanon is still relatively active, and there is no treaty. It is said that it is an invitation, and one will come, so it seems to be caught.As for Taiwan, a treaty was concluded, which is a deadlock.There is no distinction between the Democratic Party and the Republican Party here. It was Eisenhower who made the treaty, and Truman who sent the Seventh Fleet.[17]At that time, Truman could come and go, without signing a treaty, but Eisenhower made a treaty.This is also when the Kuomintang panics and demands, and the United States agrees, they get caught up. Are Kinmen and Matsu covered? According to my opinion, Kinmen and Matsu are also covered.Why? Didn’t they say that it’s still undecided, and that the Communist Party should fight it, and then it will be decided according to the situation? The problem is that there are 110,000 Kuomintang troops, 95,000 in Jinmen, and 15,000 in Matsu. As long as there are these two piles in this place , they have to care.This is their class interests, class feelings.Why are the British and Americans so nice to the governments of some countries? They can't do nothing.Yesterday, the commander of the Seventh Fleet, Bickley, personally commanded[18], and that Smoot[19], didn’t he blow up the cannon? The gentleman who made the State Department and the Ministry of Defense unhappy, he was there with him Bickley commanded together. All in all, you're stuck.It's okay to get out, you have to take the initiative and get out slowly.Isn't there a disengagement policy? In North Korea there is a disengagement policy, and now I think it has formed the disengagement policy of Jin and Ma.Your group really wants to get out, and public opinion also demands it.A person who escapes escapes from the noose.How to get rid of it? It is the 110,000 people walking.Taiwan is ours, and it cannot be compromised under any circumstances. It is an internal affairs issue; the negotiation with you is an international issue.It's two things.If you are in the United States with Chiang Kai-shek, this compound can be decomposed.For example, electrolytic aluminum and electrolytic copper are separated by electrolysis. Chiang Kai-shek's side is an internal affairs issue, and your side is a diplomatic issue. They cannot be confused. Now the five continents, except Australia, the United States wants to dominate the four continents.First of all, North America, which is mainly its own place, has troops; then Central and South America, although it has no troops, it wants to "protect".In addition to Europe, Africa, and Asia, mainly Europe, Asia and Africa, the main force is in Europe and Asia.With so few soldiers scattered so scattered, I don't know how to fight this battle.Therefore, I always feel that it dominates the middle ground.As for places like ours, unless there is a big disturbance in the socialist camp, it is sure that our Soviet Union and China will all collapse if it happens, otherwise I think it will not dare to come.Except for our camp, it wants to occupy all of them, one in Latin America, one in Europe, one in Africa, and one in Asia.There is also Australia, which has also linked up with it in military treaties and obeys its orders.Is it better for it to use the banner of "anti-communism" to take these places, or is it better to really oppose the communist party? The so-called real anti-communist party means to use the army to attack us and the Soviet Union.I said, no one is that stupid.Only a few soldiers were transferred here and there. What happened in Lebanon, they were transferred from the Pacific Ocean to the Red Sea. The situation was not right, so they quickly turned back and landed in Malaya[20].Later, a journalist from it announced that it was in charge of the Indian Ocean. As a result, everyone in the Indian Ocean opposed it.As soon as we fired artillery here, there were not enough soldiers here, and it came again.It would be better for the United States if Taiwan and other places were liberated earlier. If it insists on not leaving, let it stay here without harming the overall situation. We will still pursue the Great Leap Forward. As for tensions, maybe a few more words can be said.When you create tension, do you think it is beneficial to you? Not necessarily, the tension mobilizes the hearts of the world, and everyone scolds the Americans.Everyone blames the Americans for the tense situation in the Middle East.The tense situation in Taiwan is that everyone scolds the Americans, and less scolds us.The Americans scolded us, Chiang Kai-shek scolded us, Syngman Rhee scolded us, and maybe some people scolded us, mainly these three.The United Kingdom is a wavering faction and does not participate in the military, but it is said that it is quite sympathetic politically.Because it has a Jordan problem, it does not sympathize with it. If the Americans retreat in Lebanon, what will Britain do in Jordan? Prime Minister Nehru issued a statement, basically agreeing with us, agreeing that Taiwan should be owned by us, but hope Peaceful settlement.This time, the countries in the Middle East are welcome, especially the United Arab Emirates[21] and Iraq, who boast every day, saying that our matter is good.Because of what we have done, the pressure on the Americans on them will be lightened. I think we can openly tell the people of the world that tensions are more unfavorable to Western countries than to the United States.Where is the benefit? What is the benefit of the tension in the Middle East to the United States? What is the benefit to Britain? Or is it more beneficial to the Arab countries, and more beneficial to the peace-loving people in Asia, Africa, Latin America and other continents.Who benefits the tense situation in Taiwan? For example, for our country, our country is now fully mobilized. If there are 30 to 40 million people in demonstrations and meetings in the Middle East, this time about 300 million people will be educated. ,Get exercise.This matter is also good for the unity of the democratic parties. All the parties have a common goal. In this way, some pimples, anger, and criticism in the past will dissipate a little.If we continue to do this slowly, we will all be working class.Therefore, the tense situation created by imperialism itself turns out to be beneficial to the hundreds of millions of our people who oppose imperialism, and to the peace-loving people all over the world, all classes, strata, and governments, in my opinion.They have to think about it, the United States is always bad, showing its teeth and claws.Six of the thirteen aircraft carriers came, and some of them were as big as 65,000 tons. It was said that they wanted to gather 120 ships, the first and strongest fleet.As long as you are stronger, I welcome all four of your fleets gathered in this place.Those things of yours that are straight and useless, if you collect them all, you won’t be able to get them up.The characteristic of the boat is that it is in the water and cannot go ashore.You are just showing off in this place. The more you fight, the more people in the world will know that you are unreasonable. According to the "Selected Works of Mao Zedong's Diplomatic Works" published in 1994 by Central Literature Publishing House and World Knowledge Publishing House, the original title was "Discussion on the International Situation at the Fifteenth Supreme State Conference". -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1] This is the part about the international situation in Mao Zedong's two speeches at the Fifteenth Supreme State Council.The fifteenth Supreme State Council was held in Beijing on September 5, 6 and 8, 1958.Mao Zedong made speeches at the meeting on the 5th and 8th. This article is selected from the speech on September 5th and the speech on September 8th.Regarding Mao Zedong's speech on September 8, the "People's Daily" published a press release edited by Mao Zedong on September 9. Here is an excerpt of the relevant part of the international situation as follows: Chairman Mao Zedong said that the current situation is beneficial to the people of the world who are striving for peace.The general trend is that the east wind prevails over the west wind.Chairman Mao said that for nine years U.S. imperialism has occupied Taiwan, our territory, and not long ago sent its armed forces to occupy Lebanon.The United States has established hundreds of military bases in many countries around the world.The Chinese territories of Taiwan, Lebanon and all the US military bases in foreign countries are nooses around the neck of US imperialism.No one else but the Americans themselves made this noose and put it around their own necks, and handed over the other end of the noose to the Chinese people, the people of the Arab countries and all the people in the world who love peace and oppose aggression.The longer the U.S. aggressors stay in these places, the tighter the noose will be around their heads. Chairman Mao Zedong also said that U.S. imperialism is creating tension everywhere in the world.In order to achieve its goal of aggression and enslavement of the peoples of various countries.U.S. imperialism thinks that tensions are always in its own favor, but the fact is that these tensions created by the United States have gone against the wishes of the Americans, and they have played a role in mobilizing the people of the world to rise up against the U.S. aggressors.Chairman Mao said that if the U.S. monopoly capital clique persists in pursuing its policy of aggression and war, it is bound to be hanged by the people of the world one day.The same will be true of other American accomplices. Chairman Mao pinned his hopes on the forthcoming negotiations between China and the United States at the ambassadorial level in Warsaw.He said: If the two sides have the sincerity to solve the problem, the negotiations may achieve some results.People all over the world are now watching the upcoming negotiations between the representatives of the two countries. [2] Dulles, then US Secretary of State. [3] Syngman Rhee was then the president of South Korea, that is, South Korea.Ngo Dinh Diem (1901-1963), then served as President, Prime Minister and Minister of Defense of the "Republic of Vietnam". [4] Refers to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.In April 1949, the United States, Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, Italy, Denmark, Iceland and Canada signed the North Atlantic Treaty in Washington.On August 24 of the same year, the Convention entered into force, and the North Atlantic Treaty Military Group was established.Greece and Turkey in In 1952, the Federal Republic of Germany in 1955, Spain in 1982, Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary in 1999, formally joined the organization. [5] Refers to the Baghdad Pact Organization, a military group organized by Britain and the United States to control the Middle East and contain the Soviet Union.In November 1955, it was established according to the "Baghdad Treaty", and in August 1959 it was renamed the Central Treaty Organization.Its members include Turkey, Iraq, the United Kingdom, Iran and Pakistan, and the United States participates as an "observer".After the Iraqi dynasty was overthrown in July 1958, the new government officially announced its withdrawal in March of the following year.With the widening differences among member states on a series of international issues, Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey also announced their withdrawal in March 1979, and the organization was dissolved on September 28 of the same year. [6] Refers to the Southeast Asia Treaty (ie Manila Treaty) Organization.On September 8, 1954, under the instigation of the United States, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Thailand and Pakistan signed the "Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty" in Manila, the capital of the Philippines, also known as the "Manila Treaty". .It was a treaty of military alliance, which stated that it would "resist armed attack" by means of "self-help and mutual assistance".The treaty was accompanied by an "understanding" proposed by the United States, which interpreted the "meaning of aggression and armed attack" as "only applicable to the aggression of the Communist Party".The treaty also designated Cambodia, Laos and South Vietnam as its "protected areas" in the form of protocols.The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization was established when the treaty entered into force on 19 February 1955.The "Declaration on the Neutrality of Laos" adopted at the Geneva Conference in July 1962 did not recognize its so-called protection for Laos.Since 1967, France has refused to send a formal delegation to the organization's ministerial council.On November 8, 1972, Pakistan announced its withdrawal.In June 1977 the organization announced its dissolution. [7] Ceylon, today Sri Lanka. [8] Nasser, then President of the United Arab Republic. [9] See note [5] on page 406 of this volume. [10] In July 1958, the Kuomintang authorities in Taiwan, with the support of the United States, clamored to "counterattack the mainland" and continued to shell villages and towns along the coast of Fujian.In order to severely punish the Kuomintang army and oppose the United States' violation of China's sovereignty, the Fujian frontline troops of the People's Liberation Army were ordered to start shelling military targets such as the Kuomintang army's Kinmen defense department and artillery positions on August 23, blocking Kinmen Island and interrupting the KMT army's supplies .In early September, the United States sent a large number of troops to the Taiwan Strait area, dispatched warships and aircraft to directly escort the Kuomintang military transport ships, and blatantly invaded China's territorial waters.In order to combat the aggressive actions of the United States, the frontline troops of the People's Liberation Army launched a full-scale bombardment of the Kinmen KMT army and naval vessels on September 8.As of January 7, 1959, a total of seven large-scale bombardments, thirteen air battles, and three naval battles were carried out. Thirty-six Kuomintang army aircraft were shot down and damaged, seventeen warships were sunk and damaged, and the Kuomintang army was killed and injured. The army has more than 7,000 people. [11] De Gaulle (1890-1970), then Prime Minister of France.In December 1958, he was elected President of the Fifth French Republic. [12] He Yingqin (1890-1987), a native of Xingyi, Guizhou.During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he served as Chief of Staff of the Military Commission of the Kuomintang Government and Minister of the Military and Political Department. [13] The nineteen countries mentioned here refer to Afghanistan, Pakistan, Cambodia, Myanmar, Nepal, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Yemen, Iraq, India, Indonesia, and the United Arab Republic (a Established by the merger of Egypt and Syria in February 1958), Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and the United Kingdom.The eleven countries in the socialist camp refer to North Korea, Mongolia, Vietnam, Albania, Bulgaria, Poland, German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia, Romania, the Soviet Union and Hungary. [14] Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964), leader of the Indian National Independence Movement.Prime Minister of India at the time. [15] Eisenhower, then President of the United States. [16] Refers to the "Mutual Defense Treaty" concluded between the United States and the Taiwan authorities.After the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950, U.S. President Truman ordered the Seventh Fleet of his Navy to invade the Taiwan Strait while publicly declaring armed intervention in the Korean Civil War.In order to "legalize" its invasion of Chinese territory, the United States signed the "Mutual Defense Treaty" with the Taiwan authorities on December 2, 1954.The treaty stipulates: the United States helps the Taiwan authorities maintain and develop the armed forces; when Taiwan is "armedly attacked", "the United States will take action" to deal with "common dangers"; the United States has deployed land, sea, The rights of the air force can also be extended to "other territories" determined by mutual agreement.The treaty entered into force on March 3, 1955.On December 15, 1978, the US government issued a statement on the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, announcing that the US-Taiwan Mutual Defense Treaty would be terminated.The treaty was formally abolished on January 1, 1980. [17] Truman, President of the United States from 1945 to 1953. [18] On September 7, 1958, Bickley commanded several cruisers and destroyers of the U.S. Seventh Fleet to escort the Kuomintang Army transport ship carrying arms to reinforce Quemoy. [19] Smoot, then commander of the US military stationed in Taiwan. [20] Malaya, now part of Malaysia. [21] Arab League, the abbreviation of the United Arab Republic.See note [2] on page 406 of this volume.