Chapter 58 The principle of combining education and labor is immutable[1]

(August 1958) one The history of Chinese education has a people-oriented side.Confucius [2] taught without discrimination, Mencius [3] valued the people and the king was despised, Xunzi [4] believed that people can conquer the sky, Qu Yuan [5] criticized the king's evil, Sima Qian [6] praised resistance, Wang Chong, Fan Zhen, Liu Zongyuan , Zhang Zai, and Wang Fuzhi[7]'s ancient materialism, Guan Hanqing, Shi Naian, Wu Cheng'en, Cao Xueqin's[8] democratic literature, Sun Yat-sen's democratic revolution, everyone's situation is different, many people do not have educational monographs, but the ones listed above , can not but affect the education of the people, talk about the history of Chinese education, we should mention them.But as far as the main aspect of the history of education is concerned, education for thousands of years has indeed been a tool in the hands of the exploiting classes, and socialist education is a tool in the hands of the working class.

two Childhood requires physical development, and this development needs to be sound.Children need to develop communist sentiment, style and collective heroism, which is the moral education of our era.These two are connected with intellectual education.Both are related to engaging in labor, so the principle of combining education and labor cannot be changed.To sum up the above, the all-round development we advocate is to enable students to acquire relatively complete and extensive knowledge, develop a sound body, and develop communist morality. Published according to Mao Zedong's manuscript.

-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1] These are two paragraphs added by Mao Zedong when reviewing the article "Education Must Be Combined with Productive Labor" by Lu Dingyi, head of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and head of the Central Cultural and Educational Group.This article by Lu Dingyi was later published in the seventh issue of "Red Flag" magazine published on September 1, 1958. [2] Confucius, see note [12] on page 84 of this volume. [3] Mencius (approximately 372 BC-289 BC), named Ke, styled Ziyu, was born in Zou (now Zou County, Shandong).Thinker of the Warring States Period.

[4] Xunzi (approximately 325 BC-238 BC), named Kuang, courtesy name Qing, was a philosopher and educator in the late Warring States period. [5] Qu Yuan (about 339 BC - about 278 BC), named Ping, styled Yuan, was a poet and statesman in the Warring States Period. [6] Sima Qian (145 BC or 135 BC—?), styled Zichang, was born in Zuo Fengyi Xiayang (now southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi).Historians and writers of the Western Han Dynasty. [7] Wang Chong (27-about 97), courtesy name Zhongren, was born in Shangyu, Kuaiji (now Shangyu, Zhejiang), a philosopher in the Eastern Han Dynasty.Fan Zhen (approximately 450-approximately 515), courtesy name Zizhen, was born in Nanyang Wuyin (northwest of Biyang, Henan today), and was an atheist thinker during the Qi and Liang periods of the Southern Dynasties.Liu Zongyuan (773-819), courtesy name Zihou, was born in Jie County, Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi), a writer and philosopher in Tang Dynasty.Zhang Zai (1020-1077), courtesy name Zihou, originally from Daliang (now Kaifeng, Henan), was born in Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi), a philosopher of the Northern Song Dynasty.Wang Fuzhi (16191692), courtesy name Ernong, was born in Hengyang, Hunan, a philosopher in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.

[8] Guan Hanqing (about 1220-about 1300), a native of Dadu (now Beijing), a playwright of the Yuan Dynasty.Shi Naian, a novelist in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties.Wu Cheng'en (about 1500-about 1582), courtesy name Ruzhong, was born in Shanyang, Huai'an (now Huai'an, Jiangsu), a novelist in the Ming Dynasty.Cao Xueqin (1715-1763), named Zhan, courtesy name Mengruan, was born in Zhengbai Banner, Manchuria, and was a novelist in the Qing Dynasty.