Chapter 6 Talks with Communist Party Leaders in Some Latin American Countries

(March 3, 1959) China has just blazed the trail of construction.Our level of economic development is not as high as some countries in Latin America.With so many people, we only have so much steel.We have just taken the first step in industrialization.The people of our country are still very poor and need to continue to work hard. It will take many years to develop.We have made some progress every year.You have to supervise us, speak up when you see our bad points, and speak up when you see our slow progress.You are to watch over our progress.Like the people of other countries in the socialist camp, the Chinese people are also part of the working people of the world.The cause of China is part of the cause of international communism.We must unite as one, and the people of the world must unite.Your cause is also part of our common cause, and we are happy every time you win.We're excited to see the struggles in Latin America evolving.

The populations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America account for most of the world's population.The countries of these three continents are the rear of the Western world.This rear is no longer stable, the air in it is thinner and it is easier to break through the rule of imperialism.Of course, imperialism and its lackeys are still ruling these places, just as imperialism and Chiang Kai-shek ruled China in the past.Why is it said that its air is relatively thin? Because the economies of Asia, Africa and Latin America are backward, capitalism is underdeveloped, and the rule of imperialism and feudalism dominates.This was the case in Russia in the past, and its air was relatively thin.In these areas, the proletariat has a large ally, the influence of the Social Democratic Party[1] is not as strong as in Western countries, and the working class is not so deeply influenced by the bourgeoisie.Therefore, the revolutionary struggle in these areas was particularly vigorous.Now Asia, Africa, and Latin America are vigorously launching anti-imperialist struggles.There are more than 200 million people in Africa, and they are at the front line of the struggle against imperialism.Latin America was also on the front lines of the struggle against imperialism.

Imperialism has created powerful proletariats in the countries of these three continents, and imperialism has also created contingents of intellectuals in these countries.For its own purposes, imperialism has created the working class and intellectuals, and in the end the people it created will overthrow themselves.This is the law of social development, the old society will always create elements of the new society. Do you know about the Golden Gate Incident[2] last year? That island has only 80,000 people, and it is now famous all over the world.The policy of the United States is to hand over the two islands of Kinmen and Matsu to us in exchange for allowing it to continue to occupy Taiwan.This business is not easy to do.We want to keep Chiang Kai-shek on these two islands, or we will take all Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other islands back.

The United States has nailed many stakes all over the world, and it has also nailed its own legs to the stakes.Before us are Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, the Philippines, South Vietnam, Thailand, and the United States has nailed its own legs in these countries and regions.This is the case in the Western Pacific.From the perspective of the United States, it seems that the Western Pacific does not belong to those of us who live in the Western Pacific region, but to the Americans. Are you fair? This is what your neighbors did.We, the people of the Western Pacific, have done something for you.We have held a lot of American power in the Western Pacific region and dispersed its power.The main power of the United States is still in Western Europe, and the Soviet Union and other socialist countries hold its power, and the working class of West Germany, France, Italy and other countries also hold its power.The Middle East and North Africa have also held back the power of the United States and dispersed its power.It has a fleet in the Mediterranean, the Sixth Fleet, which is stronger than its fleet in the Western Pacific.

In addition, it cannot ignore the Latin American rear.This is what you are doing us and other socialist countries.The Cuban Revolution [3] took place right next to the United States, where there are more than six million people, and the United States has invested one billion dollars.The United States watched the Cuban revolution with a sigh of relief, not daring to touch it with a single finger.Some people say that the United States is very powerful, with atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, but when Nixon visited you in May last year, you were rude to him, and he had no choice but to drive him away[4].When a vice president came to see you, you didn’t treat him well, you even treated the guests with stones, rotten eggs, and spittle, embarrassing him so much, and being so rude to the guests!

We are uncompromising with America.It doesn't recognize us, and we don't recognize it; it recognizes us, and we're not so happy.As for whether it is good for the People's Republic of China to enter the United Nations, we have also considered it. We will only consider it if they expel the representatives of Taiwan and invite us to enter.In my opinion, the state we are in with the United States is beneficial to both us and the people of your country. Our country has no diplomatic representation of the United States, and we are comfortable.Probably because we are shabby and customers don't want to come.They won't come until we're done building.For example, the United States currently produces more than 100 million tons of steel per year, and it will probably not come until we produce 200 million tons of steel per year.At that time, I will discuss with you the issue of China's foreign policy.In my opinion, within ten to fifteen years, it would be better not to establish diplomatic relations and exchange diplomatic representatives with the United States.Ten or fifteen years later, our house is cleaner, ready for guests, and bigger because of more steel.Perhaps you do not agree with this policy.

Now the United States is not afraid of China, it is mainly afraid of the Soviet Union.It knows that China is only a few broken pieces of iron and steel, while the Soviet Union is a powerful country.Western countries do not recognize our legal status internationally.Therefore, we can also be "lawless" and unconstrained. Last year, we learned about Dulles' "Brinkmanship of War"[5], and Dulles became our teacher.His "brinkmanship" is against us, and we are using "brinkmanship" against them.The Kuomintang has fought us for decades, and we are still fighting the Kuomintang.The Kuomintang has no food to eat, and the United States feeds them.The American warships were only three nautical miles from the islands that were within range of our shells.They are on the brink of war, and we are on the brink of war.We deal with "the brink of war" with "the brink of war", and as a result they dare not advance, and only go to the brink of war.We didn't beat them, and they didn't dare to move. They watched us and we watched them for more than two months.We helped the Democratic Party of the United States. In November, the Democratic Party won the election.Our help is free and voluntary.Helped the Democratic Party and punished Dulles.

I calculated an account, since last May, there have been six events that have shaken up the United States, leaving Dulles in a passive position.Counting Venezuela's overthrow of Jimenez[6], there are seven.Add one thing about Africa, and you have eight.If the Iraqi revolution [7] and the Lebanon incident [8] are counted separately, there are ten cases.I'm talking about the most significant big thing.Three out of ten events took place in Latin America.In January, the Venezuelan people drove out Jimenez, the lackey of the United States.In May, you welcomed Nixon with rotten eggs, which has worldwide significance.The revolution in Iraq in July took the United States by surprise, and it also has world significance.A few days later, the Lebanon incident occurred, and the US military landed, causing the whole world to oppose the US.This is the fourth.Then came the Golden Gate incident.We don't want to call the United States to rest. The day after the United Nations passed the resolution on the withdrawal of American troops from Lebanon, we fired at Kinmen Island, causing the whole world to fail to understand us.Dulles was also very busy, mobilizing troops from the Eastern Pacific Ocean, but when there was not enough troops, he transferred them from the Mediterranean Sea.Dulles himself said that this was the largest concentration of the United States' naval and air forces since World War II. The United States launched six of its only twelve aircraft carriers.This is the fifth.The sixth is that the United States held elections in November, with the Democrats winning and the Republicans losing.The seventh is the fragmentation of the North Atlantic bloc [9].Formally they have the so-called unity, but in fact they cannot maintain unity. If you want to eat me, I will eat you.The eighth is that Khrushchev dropped a bomb related to the Berlin incident[10].Nor does he want to rest America.The United States is very busy now, and the Berlin incident is not easy to resolve.The ninth thing is a good thing you did, the Cuban revolution.The Cuban Revolution was dropping a bomb on America's side.It cannot be seen as just a Cuban event or just a Latin American event, it is also a worldwide event.The tenth is the anti-imperialist struggle erupted by the African people represented by the Congo in February this year.[11]Nor should it be seen as a struggle against Belgian colonialism, the main thrust of which was against the United States.The United States accounts for a large number of Congo's foreign capital.The Suez Canal Incident[12] is not counted, it happened the year before last.I only count since last January.

Now the tone in the United States is lowering day by day, and large-scale retaliation is not much talked about. Creating international tension is a means of the United States. It is still a question of who benefits international tension, the United States and Britain, or the proletariat of the world.The United States has gradually seen that international tensions are not working against it.Because the tense situation can make people all over the world think about it, mobilize people all over the world, mobilize workers and other working masses, and increase the number of Communists. Due to the influence of history and social habits, there are still many superstitious people among the people, and hard work of persuasion has to be done to break the superstition.Here in our country, there were many people who were pro-American, admired and feared America in the past, especially the bourgeoisie and intellectuals.There are also many working people who do not like Americans, but are afraid of them.Do the hard and meticulous work to help them gradually eliminate this fear.

People who admire the United States say that the science and industry in the United States are very developed, amazing, and everything is good. Some people even say that the moon in the United States is better than that in China.Later, after slowly persuading them, they knew that the moon in the United States may not be good, and maybe the moon in China is better. The same problem may exist in yours.Is the moon in North America better, or the moon in Central and South America? Some people are superstitious about the moon in the United States, saying that Americans are civilized and that we are more barbaric than them.Civilized countries send warships to the Western Pacific. Can this be considered civilized? The United States also sends warships to Central and South America. Has your country sent troops to the United States? From this point of view, who is more civilized? We need to be more civilized. Because we didn't send troops to America.

To turn it over, maybe they are more barbaric and we are more civilized.The western world is ruled by barbarians.Of course, people in Western countries are not barbaric, they are just deceived and deceived, and they are not enlightened, and the Communist Party and those who are enlightened are not included.The rulers of the Western world are barbaric, and the rulers of Asia, Africa, and Latin America should be more civilized. This also requires getting rid of imperialist lackeys, such as Chiang Kai-shek in China, Jimenez and Batista in the Americas. Minions, agents of the barbarians. They say we are barbaric and uncivilized, and this has to be reversed.My evidence is that we did not invade the United States, it was the Americans who invaded us; Africa did not invade the United States, Britain, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Spain, but these countries invaded Africa.Who is civilized and who is barbaric? Who is polite and who is not? There is a great superstition on the question of civilization and barbarism. I don't know why, but I see that the comrades are very happy and close.Our countries are in the same position, are oppressed by imperialism, have similar levels of economic development, and are so-called underdeveloped countries.I am happy to see friends in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.Have you ever contacted Africans? I recently met with youth representatives from some African countries, including representatives from Kenya, Cameroon, Guinea, and Madagascar.Malagasy's skin color is closer to ours, between the black race and the yellow race.I didn't know any of them before, but I felt very intimate when I met them.There is a reason that our countries are in the same position in the world. Don't think that China is liberated and is different from you.In the memory of our generation, we are the same as you.Except for the matter of liberation, we are basically the same as you, in terms of economic and cultural development levels, and being bullied by imperialism. I feel an atmosphere of equality when I get along with you, and I believe that you also treat us with an equal attitude.It is different in western countries. Except for some progressives and true Marxists, people there look down on us, saying that we are not good enough in this way, that we are not good in that way, that our bodies are dirty, and that the moon is not as good as theirs.There is no way, we can't talk.They do not treat us as equals and despise us.People in Latin America, apart from the lackeys of imperialism, will feel the same way! The victory of the working class requires an alliance with both classes.One is the petty bourgeoisie, including peasants and urban petty bourgeoisie, who have the same social status.Farmers do not exploit others.The urban petty bourgeoisie do not exploit others either, they are craftsmen or petty bourgeoisie, or exploit only slightly.The other is the exploiting class, the national bourgeoisie.The national bourgeoisie has two sides: it demands to oppose imperialism, it exploits people, and it fears the Communist Party.What we have in common with the national bourgeoisie is the opposition to imperialism, so we can build a united front.The first alliance is the Workers and Peasants Alliance, which is our foundation.Workers are exploited.Peasants do not exploit others, poor farm laborers among them are exploited by others, and middle peasants basically do not exploit others.The second alliance is with the national bourgeoisie.The colonial and semi-colonial countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America also have a national bourgeoisie, which is an exploiting class but has anti-imperialist demands.The Communist Party, if it does its job well, can and should form an alliance with them. Published based on the transcript of the conversation kept by the Central Archives. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1] Social Democratic Party, also known as "Social Democratic Labor Party" or "Socialist Party", "Labor Party" and so on.Most of them were established during the relatively peaceful development of capitalism after the failure of the Paris Commune to the beginning of the 20th century.In 1889, the Social Democratic Party of various countries united to form the Second International.The Second International played an active role in the labor movement in the early days. Later, due to the rapid growth of internal opportunism, except for the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks), most of the social democratic parties were controlled by opportunists. Capitalism, against the violent revolution of the proletariat and the dictatorship of the proletariat. [2] In July 1958, the Kuomintang authorities in Taiwan, with the support of the United States, clamored to "counterattack the mainland" and continued to shell villages and towns along the coast of Fujian.In order to severely punish the Kuomintang army and oppose the United States' violation of China's sovereignty, the Fujian frontline troops of the People's Liberation Army were ordered to start shelling military targets such as the Kuomintang army's Kinmen defense department and artillery positions on August 23, blocking Kinmen Island and interrupting the KMT army's supplies .In early September, the United States sent a large number of troops to the Taiwan Strait and sent warships and aircraft to directly escort the Kuomintang military transport ships and openly invaded China's territorial waters.In order to combat the aggressive actions of the United States, the frontline troops of the People's Liberation Army launched a full-scale bombardment of the Kinmen KMT army and naval vessels on September 8.As of January 7, 1959, a total of seven large-scale bombardments, thirteen air battles, and three naval battles were carried out. Thirty-six Kuomintang army aircraft were shot down and damaged, seventeen warships were sunk and damaged, and the Kuomintang army was killed and injured. The army has more than 7,000 people. [3] On January 1, 1959, the rebel army led by Cuban Castro overthrew the dictatorship of President Batista and established a revolutionary government. [4] From April 28 to May 14, 1958, US Vice President Nixon visited eight Latin American countries, including Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. .During the visit, fierce protests against the US policy in Latin America took place in these countries one after another.When Nixon arrived in Venezuela, he was forced to end his visit early and return home. [5] Dulles (1888-1959), American Republican, served as US Secretary of State from January 1953 to April 1959.In January 1956, Dulles proposed that the United States "is not afraid of going to the brink of war, but must learn the necessary art of going to the brink of war without getting involved in it."This assertion is known as "brinkmanship of war." [6] Jimenez, born in 1914, served as President of Venezuela in 1948.During his administration, he implemented dictatorship internally and adopted a pro-American policy externally.On January 23, 1958, its regime was overthrown by a popular uprising. [7] After World War II, the Faisal dynasty in Iraq has been implementing a policy of attachment to imperialism and brutally suppressed the people's resistance movement.On July 14, 1958, the patriotic soldiers headed by General Qassem launched an armed revolution with the support of the Iraqi people, overthrew the rule of the Faisal dynasty, and declared the establishment of the Iraqi Republic. [8] In May 1958, uprisings broke out in various parts of Lebanon against the government's implementation of policies contrary to national interests.On July 15, in violation of the UN Charter, the United States sent armed forces to land in Lebanon under the pretext of "protecting American nationals" and "defending Lebanon's sovereignty" to interfere in Lebanon's internal affairs.Under the strong opposition of the people of Lebanon, the people of the Middle East and the people of the world, the US aggressor army was forced to withdraw from Lebanon on October 25 of the same year. [9] In April 1949, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, Italy, Denmark, Iceland and Canada signed the North Atlantic Treaty in Washington.On August 24 of the same year, the Convention entered into force, and the North Atlantic Treaty Military Group was established.Greece and Turkey officially joined the organization in 1952, and the Federal Republic of Germany in 1955.From December 16 to 18, 1958, the organization held a council meeting in Paris. On a series of issues such as the leadership of the military group, the United States' request to establish medium-range missile bases in various allies, and trade, Disputes and disputes arise among member states. [10] Refers to the disputes between the Soviet Union and the United States, Britain, France and other Western countries over the handling of the Berlin issue, also known as the "Second Berlin Crisis".On November 10, 1958, at a mass meeting welcoming the Polish government delegation, Khrushchev proposed the status quo of the joint occupation of Berlin by the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, and France after the end of World War II.On November 27, the Soviet government formally sent a note to the governments of the United States, Britain, France and other relevant countries, requesting that all countries withdraw their troops within six months and turn West Berlin into a demilitarized free city; If an agreement cannot be reached within a month, the Soviet Union will sign a separate peace treaty with the German Democratic Republic.On the 30th, the foreign ministers meeting of the United States, Britain, and France rejected the request of the Soviet Union, expressing that they would not hesitate to use force to defend West Berlin.In January 1959, the Soviet Union made a concession, telling the United States that the six-month period did not constitute an ultimatum.In September, Khrushchev visited the United States and held talks with US President Eisenhower at Camp David.The joint communiqué of the talks announced that the Soviet Union revoked the statement limiting the six-month agreement on the Berlin issue, and the United States agreed to hold a summit meeting of the four major powers to discuss the Berlin issue and the unification of Germany.In June 1961, Khrushchev held talks with U.S. President Kennedy in Vienna. Khrushchev again asked the relevant Western countries to conclude a peace treaty with Germany within six months, and disputes arose again.It was not until October 1961 when Khrushchev announced at the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union that he would cancel the deadline for concluding a peace treaty with Germany that the tense confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union eased and the Second Berlin Crisis ended. [11] In 1908, the Congo officially became a colony of Belgium.After the first All-African People's Congress was held in December 1958, the leader of the Congolese National Movement Party, Lumumba, clearly stated that realizing independence is the basic right of the Congolese people.On January 4, 1959, Lumumba raised the slogan of Congo independence at the people's rally in Leopoldville. The Belgian military and police suppressed the rally, causing many deaths and injuries.Since then, the national independence movement has been on the rise.In June 1960, Congo gained independence.The people of some other African countries also fought against colonial rule and fought for national independence. [12] The Suez Canal is located in the northeast of Egypt and is an international navigable canal connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.It is located at the hub of the junction of Europe, Asia and Africa, and its strategic position is very important.After the official navigation in 1869, Britain and France monopolized most of the shares of the Suez Canal Company and gained huge profits from it every year. Britain also established the largest overseas military base in the canal area.After the Second World War, the Egyptian people fought unremittingly to recover the sovereignty of the Suez Canal.On July 26, 1956, the Egyptian government announced that it would nationalize the Suez Canal Company.The Chinese government and the governments and leaders of many countries around the world issued statements to support Egypt's just actions.In October of the same year, Britain, France and Israel launched a war of aggression against Egypt in an attempt to recapture the canal, but failed.