Chapter 10 Figures in corporate history: Unforgettable "terms"

In the early days of China's reform and opening up, there were quite a few local officials who took the lead and were determined to reform without fear.In terms of the rural joint production contract responsibility system, there are Wanli in Anhui and Zhao Ziyang in Sichuan. At that time, there were folk songs of "If you want to eat rice, go to Wanli" and "If you want to eat grain, go to Ziyang".In terms of opening up to the outside world, there are Ren Zhongyi in Guangdong and Xiangnan in Fujian. Ren Zhongyi and Xiang Nanjun were entrusted with local positions after their sixties. Their terms of office were only five years, but they left the deepest imprint in Guangdong and Fujian.

At the age of 66, Ren Zhongyi was transferred from Liaoning to serve as the first secretary of Guangdong Province, and soon he was nicknamed "Let you do whatever you want".According to records, the term "private economy" was first proposed by Ren Zhongyi. After he arrived in Guangdong, he found that there were quite a lot of self-employed people in the local area, and there were hundreds of employees. He asked the social science circles in Guangdong to start researching "this Is it considered exploitation?" At that time, a graduate student named Zheng Yanchao sent his thesis "Private Economy in the Primary Stage of Socialism" to Ren Zhongyi. Ren was very excited, thinking that the paper provided an important basis for decision-making. Development is an irresistible trend. It can only be supported but not suppressed. It has to be named "private economy" and it will grow stronger.

Ren Zhongyi set up the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and the Shekou Industrial Zone, and gave Yuan Geng and others a lot of government authority, allowing them to grow freely.He even supported Yuan Geng and others to boldly explore political reform in the special zone, to implement direct election of leading cadres, and public opinion supervision of the chief executive. Committee" and "Government Advisory Committee".Some officials criticized that "except for the red national flag, the SAR no longer has the flavor of socialism."An official from a certain province cried bitterly on his bed after returning home after visiting Shenzhen, saying: "After decades of hard work, I returned to the pre-liberation overnight."

At the beginning of 1981, the macroeconomic adjustment.At the beginning of the year, the central government held a working meeting and informed the heads of all provinces and regions in the country that they must all attend. The central topic of the meeting was to discuss the adjustment of the national economy. During the meeting, someone distributed a letter about economic adjustment written by four young people to the central leadership. , the letter put forward the 12-character policy of "slowing reform, suppressing demand, readjustment, and abandoning development".Ren Zhongyi, who is upright, cannot avoid this challenge. He said at the meeting: The intention of the letter is good, but the prescription is wrong.If we follow the "12-character policy", especially "slow reform" and "abandon development", how can Guangdong be one step ahead?Ren Zhongyi's remarks did not match the tone of the meeting, and some even ran counter to it.Everyone turned their attention to Deng Xiaoping.Deng continued to smoke, but kept noncommittal to Ren Zhongyi's speech.After Ren Zhongyi returned to Guangdong, he only made some "articles" on adjustments, and neither the SAR nor the related opening policies had major changes.In 1982, when the air was more compressed, the Research Office of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also compiled a material "The Origin of the Old Chinese Concession", and attached a comment from a central leader at that time: "This document is sent to all provinces across the country. For special economic zones, we must be alert to such problems.” Ren Zhongyi was walking on thin ice at the time, and he later admitted, “If it wasn’t for Mr. Deng’s support, I would have been unable to pass the test.”

Xiang Nan's experience is similar to Ren's.He came from a revolutionary family.His father, Xiang Yunian, was the earliest member of the Communist Party of China in western Fujian. His mother was imprisoned, and his uncle was killed.He worked with Hu Yaobang in the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League in his early years, and was labeled as a "counter-revolutionary" in 1958. It was not until May 1979, 21 years later, that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the revocation of the "Resolution on Xiang Nan's Mistake" and the original punishment. In 1981, recommended by Hu, he went south to govern Fujian.It is said that he took the train to his post with only a secretary, so that the Fujian cadres who picked him up were at a loss.

When Xiang Nan arrived in Fujian, the way of great change was to comprehensively promote the "household production contract" to liberate rural productive forces, and then he suggested to Deng Xiaoping to expand the scope of Xiamen Special Zone. He also took responsibility and decided to borrow low-interest loans from Kuwait to build Xiamen International Airport.He was the first high-level official to see the strategic significance of township enterprises. When the sound of brakes was heard everywhere in the early 1980s, Xiang Nan appealed on various occasions: "Should commune and brigade enterprises be up or down? I say yes, and we must resolutely go up." Go forward bravely, overcome all obstacles and move forward!" He even publicly declared, "We must treat township enterprises more dearly than our own sons!"

In 1984, he actively encouraged the factory directors of state-owned enterprises to decentralize power, and single-handedly planned the "open letter to loosen the ties" of the factory directors in Fujian.In order to be close to the people in politics, he went to poor mountainous areas to investigate, and he was "like a beggar" after running around for more than ten days. Shortly after he took office in 1981, Fujian Daily published two economic crime cases. He specially drafted an editorial with only 140 characters from beginning to end: "Why can't some cases be dealt with for a long time? Today this newspaper announced two more important ones. The case. The bad guys were exposed and dealt with, which is good. Some problems are clearly seen by the masses, and the cadres have a lot of discussions. Shit; the second is factionalism; the third is weakness and incompetence. If you can’t deal with the problems of your unit for a long time, you might as well think about it.” As soon as this article was published, even the “Christian Science Monitor” also noticed it, saying A "fresh official" came out of Fujian.

Ren Xiang's style played a decisive role in the recovery and opening up of South China's economy. Therefore, there is a public opinion in later generations that "Ren and Xiang promote the development of Guangdong and Fujian with their own efforts".Sadly, neither of them ended well. Ren Zhongyi worked in Guangdong for 5 years, and every year was turbulent. He wrote self-criticisms to the central government many times, and barely passed under the protection of Hu Yaobang and others. In 1985, he retired to the second line.On the same day, he said to his old friend Li Rui, who was Mao Zedong's secretary and executive vice minister of the Central Organization Department: "I finally landed safely." But Xiang Nan failed to "land safely." In 1986, the "counterfeit drug case" broke out in the Jinjiang area of ​​southern Fujian, which he supported, and he was dismissed by the central government.Xiang Nan refused to admit his mistake to this punishment. Bo Yibo, then deputy director of the Central Advisory Committee, reminded him: "You are not too old. You can still arrange work after signing your name." But he never died. Sign the disciplinary decision.When Hu Yaobang talked about Xiang Nan in his later years, he said: I did not protect Xiang Nan well. This is something I often feel uneasy about. "

Xiang Nan was reticent in his later years, living in silence, and did not make any defense for the grievances of his life.And Ren Zhongyi continued his sharp style. In 2004, at the age of 91, he accepted an exclusive interview with "Nanfengchuang". In the article "Deng Xiaoping and Guangdong's Reform and Opening Up", he said frankly: "Deng Xiaoping created a relatively prosperous and prosperous society in China during the most glorious eighteen years of his life. society, a relatively open society, a vibrant society, but it also leaves us with a society with unresolved disparity between rich and poor, a society with pervasive corruption that has not been fully addressed."

In November 1997, Xiang Nan passed away.Someone wrote a biography for him, the title of the book is, "Fear the People". In November 2005, Ren Zhongyi passed away.The "tasks" that were collectively called for a while have all withered.