Chapter 2 Topic

The topic of "Historical Experience" was put forward by the person in charge of your association, and it is incomparably huge.If you want to study this topic, you can take several routes at the same time: one is the application aspect, how to make use of historical experience.One is pure inference, which is an aspect of academic research, which is a matter for historians.Now the history departments and research institutes in universities are probably going in this direction, focusing on the study of academic theory and not talking about application.The nature we are talking about here is to focus on application.

The experience of history, if we look at it from a logical standpoint, the question itself is the answer, because history itself is experience.If we look at history from an academic point of view, the so-called history is nothing but two problems: a problem of a person and a problem of an event.The records of history are nothing more than people and things.From the perspective of human beings, there are probably two directions to argue, using the old concept: one is scriptures, and the other is authority.Sutra is a great principle that cannot be changed, and power is also called contingency, which is the method of application.In terms of practice, Western culture is now in the twentieth century, which is only two thousand years old, but in China, it has been five thousand years. What we see seems to be different from modern times and ancient times. If we have a good understanding of history Really understand, there is no difference. "The wind and the moon have no present or past, and the feelings are shallow and deep." The universe does not have too many differences in the past, present, and future. It will always be such a sun, such a moon, such a wind, and such a rain. Feelings are different, resulting in different forms of emotion and thought. We Chinese use literature to express it, and it becomes such a poem.The ancients advocated reading more because they absorbed many experiences in history.

Today we talk about the course of "historical experience", which aspect should we talk about?This requires a position first.We should first ask what do we need in our work and business today?It is a standpoint to look for historical experience from this point of view.If we are in a university, looking at historical experience from an academic standpoint is another way of speaking.Therefore, today we talk about historical experience from an applied standpoint, which is quite complicated.When discussing and deciding on this topic, I thought it was fun, so I agreed immediately.I have a big problem. I can't get rid of my "childlike innocence" until I get old, and I am always playful.Before the actual lecture, I felt very heavy for a week because there was nothing to talk about; this is an innovative course, and there is no such course in universities at home and abroad, and there are no established rules to follow.Secondly, there are too many materials included. If you compile a book, it must be very interesting. If the compilation is more modern, the sales will not be bad.But without this preparation and time, its scope involves a lot of knowledge inside and outside the Twenty-Five History, and everything can be used. This is the first place where the mental burden is heavy.Secondly, speaking of this topic from this standpoint, there is a heavy burden on the responsibility. The "historical experience" I want to talk about here is actually about "strategy". I find it very interesting that the Seventy-Two Changes and Thirty-Six Strategies have been published, and there are still people who write such books.But I think the teaching of "Strategy" must be strictly responsible, because "Strategy" is a knife, it has no good or evil in itself, it can save people if it is used well, and it can indeed harm people if it is used poorly.We are deeply influenced by the old culture, and the concept of cause and effect is deeply rooted, and we cannot get rid of it.If someone listens to it and uses it to do a good deed or harm others, it seems that he will bear a great karmic responsibility, and his conscience will feel very uncomfortable, so he feels that the burden is heavy.

Conspiracy To truly talk about "Strategy", one must first have an understanding of several aspects. As mentioned in the previous lectures, Chinese culture is roughly divided into the way of the monarch, the way of ministers and the way of teachers.The way of the monarch is the philosophy and art of leadership, and the way of ministers also includes the art of leadership. However, there is a philosophy and art of connecting the previous and the next; as for the way of the teacher, it is another matter.But when it comes to the way of teachers, there is an idiom in the history of our Chinese culture. In Zeng Zi’s book, he once put forward a principle: "The one who uses the teacher is the king, the one who uses the friend is the king, and the one who uses the apprentice is dead." "Master King" like Zhou Wuwang used Jiang Taigong as Shangfu. This title was respected in ancient times. Of course, it does not mean godfather in modern times, but it is very, very respectful. It is for people who respect the elder generation. appellation.In history, Tang used Yi Yin, Zhou Wenwang used Lu Wang (Jiang Taigong), all of them were teachers, that is, the leaders were very modest, and if they found a "teacher" to "use", they would achieve great success in "king the world".As for Duke Huan of Qi's use of Guan Zhong, Henkel's use of Chen Ping, Zhang Liang and others, and Liu Bei's Zhuge Liang, etc., are all good examples of "using friends to dominate".As for "the one who uses the apprentice perishes", it refers to those who are dedicated to obedience, obedience, and obedience, and they are bound to fail.This is Zeng Zi's understanding of the historical experience of ancient and modern times, and then using it to explain the success or failure of historical rise and fall.

Spring and Autumn So how should we explain strategy?What kind of route to take?Let's look at the strategy itself first.When it comes to the word "strategy", it is generally easy for everyone to understand.If you study Chinese culture, there are several terms in ancient books that you should pay attention to, such as the art of vertical and horizontal, the art of hook distance, and the art of length, all of which are another name for strategy.In ancient times, people who used strategies were called counselors or strategists, and they specialized in strategizing, that is, coming up with methods.Whether it is vertical or horizontal, hook distance, length, strategist, or strategy, all of them belong to the art of conspiracy. The "conspiracy" and "scheming" that some people said before are irrelevant. It's a strategy, don't associate the insidiousness of the ancient conspiracy with "insidious", its connotation is not exactly what it means.The so-called yin is quiet, dark, coming out of the invisible, invisible.What books record the most about these strategies?In fact, "Chunqiu Zuozhuan" is a very good strategy book, but its nature is different.Therefore, if we want to study this aspect, especially those related to modern international issues, we should read through the books "Warring States Policy", "Zuo Zhuan", and "Historical Records", so as to transform concepts into modernization, and naturally I understand.Now let me tell you a shortcut: gather the conclusions behind each article of "Historical Records" written by Sima Qian, that is, how "Tai Shi Gong Day" is, and gather it together. There are many strategic principles in it, but he It is not entirely focused on strategy, but also pays attention to the way of a gentleman, which is the basic principle of being a human being.

There is a difference in the strategy of studying these books.A book like "Warring States Policy" was written by Liu Xiang in the Han Dynasty. He concentrated on the strategy aspects of the time and ancient times, and its nature was completely biased towards strategy. It can be said that it completely recorded the study of resourcefulness and power.After thousands of years of rigid copying, many words and sentences were omitted. At the same time, many of them were in the dialect of the time, so the ancient prose of this book is difficult to understand."Zuo Zhuan" written by Zuo Qiuming, if you look at this book from the point of view of strategy, its nature is different. It has a main purpose-to use morality, benevolence and righteousness as the standard, and those who violate this standard will be eliminated. Judgments on history have also been brushed down.So although it is a strategy book, it pays more attention to the classics—the big principles.As for the book "Historical Records", it includes more content.For example, in the "Plain Book" in our hand, there is a very good article-"The Family of Liuhou", which is Zhang Liang's biography. I think everyone must have read it. This is Sima Qian's "Historical Records" Biography written by Zhang Liang.If you study this biography carefully, you can learn from this chapter the major principles of Lue Mou, as well as the major principles of Zhang Liang's life and work, including the spirit of being a monarch, a minister and a teacher.