Chapter 20 Research on Jiugong Dao in the Late Qing Dynasty
Jiugong Dao is another faction besides the Dao of Sages in the Li Gua Sect in the later period, and it has the same root as the Dao of Sages.Although it came into being a little later than the latter, its spread and social influence are beyond the reach of the latter, and it reflects some characteristics that the traditional Ligua religion (including the Tao of sages) did not have.This article only discusses the origin, establishment and initial development of the Tao in the Tongzhi, Guangxu and Xuantong periods.
1. The origin of Jiugongdao There have been some works related to the origin of Jiugongdao.
"Introduction to Huidaomen" made the following introduction: It is said that Li Tingyu was the first to establish the Eight Diagrams Sect in the late Ming Dynasty.His eight disciples are divided into Zhang Gan, Kan, Gen, Zhen, Xun, Li, Kun, and Dui Bagua, collectively known as "Bagua Zhenren" and protect Li Tingyu as the main one.This "eight trigrams" and "one master" are called "nine palaces", so they got the name of "nine palaces" (later called "innate eight trigrams" or "innate nine palaces". Gao Zhenqing) were all killed by the imperial court. After Gao escaped from danger, he sneaked into Guangdong. Under the pretext of teaching martial arts, he secretly recruited believers and preached the doctrine of gossip. "Puji") also created the "New Jiugongdao" (or "Houtian Jiugongdao") and divided it into eighteen "heaven" and five "meetings"...Gao Zhenqing's "Houtian Bagua" was also incorporated into the Tao "Qing Dynasty Bagua Sect" has such a narrative: as early as the Guangxu period, Li Xiangshan, a Bagua believer in Zhili, walked to Nanshan Temple in Wutai Mountain, Shanxi Province on foot, and became a monk with the name of Puji. This folk religious believer in cassock He has great supernatural powers, made friends with all directions, and recruited disciples. In a short period of time, he recruited believers from all over North China and the three northeastern provinces, forming a huge sect with a boundless network, called Jiugongdao. His status is above the tens of thousands of believers, and even the descendants of the Li Gua Sect with the surname Gao also converted. It was the era when Li Xiangshan was in charge of the Nine Palaces. It created a religious basis for the surnames Li and Gao. In the second year of the Revolution of 1911, Puji died in Wutai Mountain. In Longquan Temple opposite Nanshan Temple, believers from all over the country paid huge sums of money to build the Maitreya Pagoda. And the exquisite stone archway is amazing. The huge financial, material and human resources of folk sects make orthodox Buddhist temples pale in comparison. Dozens of temples on famous mountains are dilapidated and unable to be decorated, but Nanshan Temple has been renovated with the help of Jiugongdao. This is an event in the early years of the Republic of China... Not long after this, although Puji Jiugong Dao split, the forces of each faction are still thriving, and the sect is flourishing. "Chinese Folk Secret Religion" mentioned: Jiugong Dao, Nanshan Wutai Mountain, Shanxi Province in the last years of Guangxu Founded by Li Xiangshan (Dharma name Puji), a monk of Kek Lok Temple, it is a variant of "Houtian Bagua". Where is Li Xiangshan's family origin, when was he born, and what is his life experience? Which hexagram does he belong to in the Bagua sect, and what is the specific relationship between masters and successors? Why did he become a monk? ?Whether Jiugongdao was created by Li Xiangshan? When and where was it created? Was Gao Zhenqing Houtian gossip attached to his sect? How was the activity in the early days of the teaching? These questions, due to the lack of data and lack of systematic research, can be described as difficult and blank points.
Inside Jiugongdao, there is the same story of Li Tingyu as inside Shengxiandao.The story says that during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, Yuan Zu, the reincarnation of Xiantian Buddha, was born in Limen, Henan, named Li Tingyu, and later changed his name to Liu Duochen, also known as Liu Fengtian.He accepted Gao and other eight disciples as the gossip, took the center as the Jiugong, held the seal of the emperor and the seal of the Jiugong, and created the Tao of Jiugong.During the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, Li Tingyu helped the court put down Wu Sangui's rebellion and made great achievements. He was conferred the title of "Innate Master" by the emperor and allowed thirteen provinces to preach publicly and lead his disciples to spread good fortune.Framed by treacherous officials, he and seven apprentices were killed by Emperor Kangxi with poisoned wine.Before returning to the throne, Gao Huang, the master of Li Gua, was ordered to take charge of the Jiugong Bagua from generation to generation. When he reincarnates again in the future, he will accept the fate he planted and take charge of the universe.Emperor Gao and his descendants held the Jiugong Seal and preached in secret, passed on gossip openly, and secretly passed on Jiugong, known internally as Daoist Gao.The Gao family committed five generations of copying.Gao Cheng appeared in the fifth generation, and Gao Zhenqing appeared in the seventh generation.Gao Zhenqing handed over the Nine Lotus Seal to Beihui's surname Xiao or Zhao.More than 200 years after Li Tingyu returned to the throne, he was sent by his mother without life and reincarnated again.Li Tingyu, the congenital father, is the ancestor of Nan'an (the south bank of the Yellow River), and the Jiugong Dao he runs is "the Xiantian Jiugong" or "Old Jiugong". Or "New Nine Palaces".
Li Tingyu here is actually Liu Zuochen, the founder of Bagua Sect during the Kangxi period and a native of Shanxian County, Shandong.Gao Zhenren and Gao Huangdai are actually Gao Chengzhi's great-grandfather, Gao Wensheng, a native of Shangqiu County, Henan Province, who was rectified in the 36th year of Qianlong and was later enshrined as "Master Gao, the real man from the South Li Gua through heaven".It can be known from the legend that Li Xiangshan is a member of the Gao Wensheng family.
Li Xiangshan (1843-1912) was a native of Pangjiazhuang in Ningjin County, Zhili (located in Qinghe, northwest of Nangong, and north of Julu County).Fifth among brothers.Because he was born stupid and ugly, he was called "Silly Five". Silly Five was born in poverty, and lived on the streets and begging since he was a child.Regarding his life experience, there are rumors in the church as follows: Maitreya Buddha (in Jiugongdao, it is said that Li Xiangshan is the reincarnation of Maitreya Buddha-the quoter's note) came down to earth, and Zhaozhou took care of it; Note) County, Pangjiazhuang people.He gave birth to Li Men, five brothers, tough and stupid; he had nothing to eat, nothing to wear, and suffered all kinds of poverty.At the age of five, his parents lost his parents, and his brothers didn't care about him; he just ended up begging for tea and food, and traveled all over the village.There are four sides and eight directions, and people come to ask for it; everywhere, suffering hardships, it is really not as good as human beings.Originally, he was sent by heaven to come to the world; to control the world, rule the world, and come to the world of mortals.Wearing a torn sweat jacket, just covering the body; at night, there is no refuge, where to hide.If you don't live in a temple, you just live in a temple. How can you have bedding?In the dark night, I will be with that, the stars; I will rest my head, half of my head, and I will be really sad.In summer, he has no clothes to wear, and he is fine; in winter, it is cold, and it is really sad.At the age of fifteen, I met and became an old mother; I got the Dao, met the true biography, and recorded it in the Sacred Heart.
The so-called "human mother" actually refers to Wang Zhenxiang, who claims to be the incarnation of Wu Sheng's mother, "Guangxuanmu" and "Guangxuan Buddha".Wang Zhenxiang is also a native of Ningjin County. During the Daoguang period (1821-1851), he joined Li Gua Sect.She is a very unfortunate but devout believer.There is such a narrative about his life experience:... When he was seven years old, he overpowered his parents and died in Huangquan.He grew up with his aunt and aunt, and grew up as an adult; at the age of fifteen, he converted to Weimen and ruled his home.A native girl, entrusted to a ghost, devoted herself to learning Taoism; at the age of sixteen, Lord Kefu, returned to the underworld.
Orphaned at the age of seven and widowed at the age of sixteen, this unfortunate experience cultivated her religious devotion, and enabled her to concentrate on teaching and running without any financial burden.In the second year after her husband lost her husband, she worshiped Zhao Feixiong as her teacher and joined the teaching: at the age of seventeen, I took over, and followed Xiao Dafa;The way of heaven before yesterday, Li Tingyu, left behind the roots; he passed down, the Eight Great Patriarchs, and led the branches together.He promoted the method to Gaozu, named Huangdai; continued, this step was passed down directly.Gao Huangdai, Tweeting Law, Yue Zu succeeded; his name is Yue Jingang, Zhihua Daoyuan.Master Yue, promoted Dafa, and taught it from his door; his name was Yu Sifang, and he passed it on from the Daomen.Master Yu pushed the Dharma wheel, and continued with the bow length; his name was Zhang Guangyao, and he continued with the bow.Master Zhang pushed the Falun, and Liu Gong was in charge; there was Liu Gong, who spread Dafa down.Tianshangkou, accepting Dafa, is called Xingwang; Wu Shizu, pushing Xiao away, and Feixiong passed it down.Zhao Shizu, pushed a piece of soil, and the ghost committee preached; Wang Zhenxiang, pushed to be good, spread the word the day after tomorrow.
From the above scriptures, we can know that the relationship between Wang Zhenxiang and above is as follows: Li Tingyu—Gao Huangdai—Yue Jingang—Yu Sifang—Zhang Guangyao—Liu Gong—Wu Xingwang—Ma Xingying—Zhao Feixiong—Wang Zhenxiang.There is one Buddha, one patriarch and seven masters.
Li Tingyu is actually the congenital god (congenital Buddha) Liu Zuochen.Gao Huangdai is actually the real person of the sky, Master Gao, Gao Wensheng.Yue Jingang is actually Liu Gong's teacher, and the surname of Yuezhuang in Qutou, Nanle County.In the second year of Qianlong's reign, Gao Wensheng preached Ligua teaching in Jinjialou, Shangqiu County.In the fifth year of Qianlong's reign, Yue Jingang went to Henan Province to do business, joined his Li Gua religion and spread it to Nanle County, and then passed it on to Liu Gong, a native of Qinghe County.The origins of Yu Sifang and Zhang Guangyao are unknown.There are Liu (Liu Gong), Zhang, and Yu's ancestors lined up in the sages' way.
I don't know whether the previous quotations of Yu, Zhang, and Liu are arranged incorrectly.
In the border area of the three provinces of Zhilu and Henan, there is a custom. To show respect for someone, the last or middle one of the three characters of his name is often omitted, and "old" such as "Su Kungang" is used as an honorific title "" Su Laokun" and "Sun Rujing" were respectfully called "Sun Laojing". Officials in the Qing Dynasty regarded the members of the sect who committed the crime as heretics, and in the memorial they changed the name of "Lao" to "Luo".In the 22nd year of Jiaqing, Shulu County and other places in Zhili seized Liu Heizhi and others who taught Li Gua, and found out: "...all were passed on by Gao Wensheng, who had been rectified in Shangqiu County, Henan Province, and the late Liu Gong from Qinghe County. That is to say, Liu Gong was an apprentice, and Liu Gong passed on the late Wu Luoxing from Julu County, that is, Wu Erwaguan, as his apprentice. Wu Luoxing's biography, the late Ma Luoxi and Ma Luoxi's late brother, succeeded Wang Luo, who was surnamed Wang. He opened and now has Ma Luoxi, the son of Ma Luoxi, as his apprentice."
Wu Luoxing was an important missionary leader among Liu Gong's disciples. He had many disciples in the southern part of Zhili and had many branches, such as Sun Weijian's Mahayana sect and Ye Shengkuan's congenital sect.Because of its "largest seniority, they are all called the old head. Wu Luoyun (his son, formerly named Wu Shengcai) is also called the young head. During the 16th year of Jiaqing, Wu Luoxing was accused of proposing a military crime because of his disciple Sun Weijian and others advocating the establishment of Mahayana teaching. , dispatched to Guangxi" traveled to Yongfu County, Guangxi and died of illness.Liu Gong's personal disciples surnamed Wu included Wu Derong from Qinghe County (he took over part of the teaching power in the 19th year of Jiaqing, and died in a crime in the first year of Daoguang, and later passed on Ma Jinzhong to establish the Mingjiao, and was killed in the fourth year of Daoguang), Wu Chengming (Ma Jinzhong's accomplice), Wu Luoxing, a native of Julu County.Here Liu Gong’s disciple “Wu Xingwang” is likely to be Wu Luoxing and Wu Er Crock Pot, and Wu Xingwang’s disciple Ma Xingying may be Wu Luoxing’s disciple Ma Luojing (the sound of “jing” and “ying” are similar, and the record is suspected to be wrong). If so, then Wang Zhenxiang and Li Xiangshan Jiugongdao came from the branch of Wu Er, a disciple of Liu Gong.
As for Zhao Feixiong, his name is unknown, but "Feixiong" is his nickname.In the 15th year of Jiaqing, Zhao Xiongzhuang, a native of Ningjin County, joined Luoshou, the head of the Second Society in the case of Sun Weijian in Julu County. He was arrested in the 24th year of Jiaqing and preached for nine years.Whether the two are the same person cannot be determined.In the teaching, Zhao Feixiong plays a role of linking the past and the future, and is deeply respected by his disciple Wang Zhenxiang, who regards him as the root of the Jiugong Dao: this person opened the Dao in the Central Plains; Babaozhuang was born in the place where the Zhao family was born.This man, in Wengzhou, ruled the East Society; he wanted to set up the Dongqi Society to turn the world around.This person has two families, always sticking to the root; two fathers, two mothers, and two mothers to save others.Long in front of the head, two flowers, Yin and Yang Dao; he was originally, the Seventh Patriarch came to dispatch good people.Facing the incarnation, flying the hero, carrying the Buddhist list; making heavenly scrolls, criticizing scriptures, and saving people for the second time.
2. The establishment of Jiugongdao Wang Zhenxiang is the actual founder of Jiugongdao.It is unknown when she was born. She died in the sixth year of Tongzhi (1867). She joined Zhao Feixiong at the age of seventeen. It may have been in the last year of Jiaqing (the 22nd year of Jiaqing was 1817). "Xiao" started Taoism in the year of Gengzi, that is, the 20th year of Daoguang (1840). One called "Wu Sheng Lao Mu" was reincarnated as "Mother of the People", and the other called "Xian Tian Ye" Li Tingyu was reincarnated as "Xian Tian Buddha". Jin County claims that before Daoguang it was the world of Red Sun, and since Daoguang it was the World of White Sun.Renzi is the second year of Xianfeng (1852).In the seventh year of Xianfeng (1857), he accepted Li Shawu as a disciple and named him "Xiangshan". He said that he was the acquired Buddha, that is, Maitreya Buddha. Buddha and Li Xiangshan named him."
In the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858), it left the Great Plains and moved to the Taihang Mountains in the northwest for the first time, to Cangyan Mountain in Jingxing County.
Jingxing County belonged to Zhengding Prefecture at that time, and the county seat was 130 miles away from Zhengding Prefecture and 720 miles away from Beijing.It is bordered by Pingshan County, Huolu County, Yuanshi County, Leping County, Meng County, and Pingding Prefecture of Shanxi Province, and is the junction of Zhishan and Shanxi provinces.There are many mountains in the territory, including 27 mountains such as Fenghuang Mountain and Cangyan Mountain, and 13 mountains.The border passes are connected, and the terrain is dangerous. There are at least 8 places such as Niangziguan at the pass alone. It is difficult to enter and exit, and the traffic is very inconvenient.The land is poor and the people's livelihood is miserable. "There are many people who suffer from poverty." It is "the clothes are not luxurious, the gentlemen are clothed, the common people are short-clothed and cannot cover their bodies, even in winter there are no cotton-padded clothes, no quilt pillows at night, and they only rely on coal fires to keep out the cold." In mid-autumn, take the leaves of bean husk, pepper, peach, elm, locust tree, etc., and pickle them in jars to prepare for the needs of the winter moon.” This is a good environment for the growth and activities of folk sects.Since the Ming Dynasty, there have been many cults in Jingxing County.In the 23rd year of Jiajing, "the demon king and his courtiers practiced the Bailian Society, burned incense and gathered the crowd. The incident happened and they were imprisoned and died." From the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, there were many cults in the county, so that the chroniclers "did not dare to record" and issued The following sighs: "...The danger lies in the ground, but it is protected by the people. If the hunger and cold are still frequent, disasters will breed. The so-called land of superior shape is actually a cave for gathering roars. A solid country is not built on mountains and streams. It is delicious! It is delicious. !"
Cangyan Mountain is "seventy miles southeast of the county. The place where Princess Miaoyang of the Sui Dynasty proclaimed the Tao. There are many mountains and mountains, and the walls are tens of thousands of feet. The bridge structure is in the air, and the temples are brilliant. Surrounded by ancient trees in the cliff, the mist is misty, just like a painting."The ancients praised it as follows: "The five mountains are beautiful and beautiful, and Cangshan is the only peak in the Taihang Mountains."
Inside the mountain gate are Wanxian Hall, Tianwang Hall, Bridge Tower Hall, and Princess Temple (the main gods are said to be "Three Huanggu" and "Princess Nanyang" or "Princess Miaoyang" from the Sui Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. The mountain has always been a sacred place for orthodox religions. Wei Wang and others came here to live and preach, one is to avoid official attention, and the other is to use the orthodox religious temples to put on the cloak of legal religion for themselves. "Li On the Cangyan Mountain of Xiangshanzhi Avenue, the Ruiju Tianpan of the Taihuang Palace is built. Li Xiuli transforms water and fire into Li Xiangshan, and the sun Buddha and Taiyin mother rule and establish human relationships. Xiuzhu Buddha is originally Maitreya, and Xiangshan Buddha is the future. "
They built an ancient Buddhist temple on Phoenix Mountain.But the good times didn't last long.In the 10th year of Xianfeng (1860), the governor of Zhili led troops to the mountain to inspect, "The Taihuang Palace was burned to the ground. The leaders of the Baoding Mansion (the governor's office of Zhili at that time - the quoter's note) sat in a big prison and died. The death is the same as the pity." Li Xiuxiu died of taking poison.Li Xiangshan was imprisoned for a month and released, and was ordered to bring Tianpan to justice.
Li Xiangshan first spent some time in Zhengding Mansion's Tian's home, and then under Wang Zhenxiang's order, he and Wang Yinzhong went to Wutai Mountain at the junction of Zhishan and Shanxi to investigate and find a shelter: in the future, the Buddha will have nowhere to go when he leaves Baoding. The words are connected.On the day when An Qiankun in Zhengding Mansion came to the fore, all the men and women rejoiced at their whereabouts.An Qiankun in Zhengding can't last long, my mother said to rule the Houtian Wutai Mountain.Wang Yinzhong led the future to inspect the treasure land, and the two of them went to Wutai to see Zhouquan together.The Wansheng Temple collapsed to a flat ground, and my mother said that the two of you are safe here.
Li Xiangshan and Wang Yinzhong lived on the ruined site of Wansheng Temple in Nanshan, Mount Wutai.Wei Wang, Cui Kui, Wang Jing and others also came up the mountain.In Youguo Temple, Li Xiangshan was ordained by Cui Kui and given the name "Puji". Yuguo Temple opened up a way for the teaching of the heart, and Xiangshan Buddha received money for the monk.He was bestowed the title of Jek Lok Si Jungle Puji, and granted a gold bag to create a family tree for future Dharma transmission.
This is the second strategic shift of Jiugong Road away from the plains to the depths of the Taihang Mountains.Since then, Jile Temple in Nanshan Mountain of Wutai Mountain has become the main center of Jiugong Road. It is called "ancestral hall" in the church. Huashan is the dojo of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, and Putuo Mountain in Zhejiang is the dojo of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva) North China's Buddhist center.There are overlapping mountains, winding peaks, green pines and cypresses, white clouds and flowing water.The environment is elegant and there are many temples, including Tibetan Buddhism and Han Buddhism.It is close to the capital and is given special treatment and protection by the Qing government.It is said that Emperor Shunzhi became a monk here.Emperors of Qing Dynasty such as Kangxi and Qianlong all went to visit and worship Buddha.Pilgrims come from North China, Northeast China, Northwest China and even East China and South China.Wei Wang, Li Xiangshan and others moved from the remote Cangyan Mountain in Jingxing County to Wutai Mountain, which was a key step in the history of Jiugong Dao, and it was also an important step to distinguish it from Shengxian Dao: Jiugong Dao has since been mixed in the Buddhist jungle, and it is based on orthodox Buddhism. The appearance of the name and the acquisition of the legal right to preach not only got rid of the predicament that the Bagua Sect has been suppressed as a cult in the North China Plain since the 37th year of Qianlong, but also survived. , blossomed in all directions, and quickly spread to unprecedented vast areas such as North China, Northeast China, Northwest China, and even East China, and developed; moreover, Jiugongdao has been playing the name of Mount Wutai Buddhism since then, making friends with dignitaries and promoting Taoism. Pray for disaster relief and embark on the road of combining with the government.There is a legend in Jiugongdao: After Li Xiangshan was arrested in Wutai Mountain and imprisoned in the Southern Prison of Beijing, he showed his supernatural powers. The Empress Dowager was afraid, and gave him an imperial decree, a four-character plaque of "Golden Characters Made Qing", and an inscription of "Zhen Ru Zi Zi" in the imperial pen, and asked him to go back to Nanshan to do it. Road, the road is open.This should be a tortuous reflection of Jiugongdao's attachment to the officialdom and its legalization in the name of Buddhism.
The ten years before and after moving to Wutai Mountain, that is, from the seventh year of Xianfeng (1857) when Li Xiangshan was accepted as a disciple to the death of Wang Zhenxiang in the sixth year of Tongzhi (1867), was the initial period of Jiugongdao, and it was also a period when the Qing Dynasty faced internal and external difficulties and faced a huge survival crisis.The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom started in the south and took away half of the rivers and mountains. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's Northern Expeditionary Army, Nian Army, and Qiu Xin Jiaojun rose in the north to attack the hinterland of North China. The British and French allied forces invaded the capital by sea and burned the Old Summer Palace.Emperor Xianfeng fled Beijing in fright and died in Rehe.The Qing Dynasty was about to perish.This situation provided a good opportunity for the revival of the Eight Diagrams Sect, which had been suppressed by the Qian, Jia, and Daoist dynasties.Wang Zhenxiang brought the disciples together with courage, talent and personal charm that are rare for ordinary teachers and women, and completed the creation of Jiugongdao.She makes use of the beliefs and beliefs widely circulated in the religion, especially the belief of Wusheng Laomu and Xiantian God (with Confucian Bodhisattva, Confucius, and Maitreya Buddha as one of the ancestors of the Yuan Dynasty, Li Tingyu, Liu Zuochen), the idea of vacuum hometown, the replacement of three yangs, and the congenital middle school. The orthodox symbols of Liu Zuochen's family, such as Tianhoutian and reincarnation, Li Tingyu's story, Jiugong Bagua theory, kits and genealogy, combined with other folk cultural traditions, laid the foundation for Jiugongdao in terms of public opinion and organization.
First of all, she deified herself, calling herself the "Mother of Guangxuan" who was the reincarnation of Wusheng's old mother.
He also said that he is the first ancestor of human beings, Nuwa Buddha, who turned seven times, and each turn is a woman enshrined by the people: "I am originally, Nuwa Buddha, who transforms into the world of mortals; Zhang Nuwa, Li Fuxi, governs the mortal world. Sons and daughters, it is me, one line of law; four surnames are established, to the common people, and passed on from generation to generation."
The second transformation of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva of the South China Sea raised Dao Dao and transformed men and women in Luojia Mountain.Miaoshan, the three emperors who transformed three times, cultivated the Dao in Xiangshan and converted to heaven.The four times turned into Wang Sunhua, met Mai filial piety and filial piety for her mother-in-law.Five times, Huayao's daughter Shun's wife, Ehuang, fell to Shandong Dongmen and established Houtian.Six times of bitter cloves, filial mother-in-law cut her own flesh twenty-four filial piety.The true fragrance of the king of transformation for seven times, followed Maitreya Buddha three times and nine times, and pushed it to the day after tomorrow.She even regarded herself as the mother of Maitreya Buddha, and regarded King Yu and Confucius as the incarnations of Maitreya Buddha and the good sons she had educated to serve the people: "Maitreya Buddha, turn to King Yu, and spread the Buddha's teachings clearly; it is not easy, to reach the sky." , more than 60,000 years. Twelve years, under the guidance of Guangxuan, to control the water, pass in front of the door, without entering the home. The octagonal seal, open up the world, the old mother points; transform the mountains, rivers, lakes and seas comprehensively. Zi Zhong Ni, Maitreya transformed, Confucian established canons; his generation, my generation, my own sons and daughters. I Guangxuan, transforming the Ming mother, and teaching him; he governs people, I rule the world, the root of ancient Buddhas."
She claims to be the highest authority in the world, "I was the one who created the world, and I am the only one who ruled the world." She claimed that she came to the world this time to rule the Houtian, collect the Tao, and save 9.2 billion imperial fetuses and daughters to return to the vacuum hometown: "This way, Everything is here, I take care of one piece of land; I receive three yuan for my mother, and I want to rule the day after tomorrow."
Calling on people to return to their roots and recognize their mothers, and join the Tao: "Those who are destined, true sons and daughters, come to see their mothers; come to recognize me, and only my mysterious mother will get the true inheritance."
Secondly, Li Shawu (Li Xiangshan), who is ugly, stupid and unobtrusive, is called out to avoid the sight of the Qing government, pretending that he is a faceless "true person" who is the congenital god and Maitreya Buddha Li Tingyu Shouguangxuan's old mother. He was ordered to be reincarnated as the acquired Maitreya Buddha and the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty: "I think back then, when I transferred to the Nine Palaces, the emperor was in charge; now, what you plant, you can still reap. Sakyamuni Buddha, eighteen kalpas, he has exhausted his control; it is up to you to control it." , Eighty-one, immediately Lindong."
"Luoyannan, and Zhaobei, are the treasured lands of the Three Palaces; in Muzi, for the sake of our children, we practice the way."
Li Tingyu and Li Xiangshan, "From the day before yesterday to the day after tomorrow, there is a normal line; the day before yesterday to plant, the day after tomorrow to reap, a pair of Dharma boats. Thirty-six, the true method, passed back and forth; this is, after the Tang Dynasty, a harvester"" Just wait, when the time comes, who will tell the difference; the ancestors of the South Bank, to the North Bank, the two families are divided into true" "The north and the south are one family, and one Buddha discusses; just put it, Da Longhua, get out of the Buddhist gate" "There is the day before yesterday and the day after tomorrow , will stand up later; the ancestors of the south bank, to the north bank, the three will be true." Although Li Xiangshan is ugly and not human, but "the wood is the mother, and it gives birth to roots." He "has a big belly and can write; .Traveling on the belly, like the depth of the sea; it’s not bad, half a cent” “I like my mother’s ugly body, my mother said I’m real” His mother helped him “Being a fairy and a god”, “A ghost and a human” The purpose is to "confused and difficult to be serious" is beneficial to "mother secretly educates people" and "it's so hard to find such a person", so "don't look at his tolerance" if you "don't recognize him, you will cut off the roots" Again, in order to establish the Bagua teaching of Jiugongdao The orthodox status is the basis for the reincarnation of Li Xiangshan. Wang Zhenxiang and others made scriptures including rewriting the story of Li Tingyu, writing kits and family trees, and compiling Buddhist lists: "Approve the kits, check the front and back, and continue the lead; create a family tree, review Heaven scroll, acquired root."
"The true Buddha, governing the postnatal day, is long and far; expressing the foundation, narrating the Buddha's list, and the source of the Buddha in heaven."
"Take it with you, remember the holy scriptures, and be able to interpret the holy words; take the family tree, combine the kits, and thousands of scriptures."
In response to the doubts in the church about Li Xiangshan's identity as the ancestor of the Yuanzu, Wang Zhenxiang moved out the authority of the kit to dispel it: "The twelve treasures, the kit, who can order it personally; whoever is right, the kit is to collect the yuan. For the kit , and genealogy, the future points; there are ten steps, real kung fu, he can know everything. Three profound ways, switch orifices, he is the lead; the emperor's fetus, if you don't wake up, which class will you return to. There are sons and mothers, the sameness, the method of ascension to heaven Now, Muzi people, pass on the Dao, and rescue men and women."
She called on people to "be serious about Buddha, worship the true ancestors, and keep the roots" to find out "back and forth, people in the Tang Dynasty, who is the root?" "Quickly" is the same old mother, recognize the golden thread, and the real Dharma boat" can't be mistaken for the sect, and missed the point.Even those who have entered the Eight Diagrams Sect must renew the golden thread and convert to Li Xiangshan, the incarnation of the incarnate Buddha Li Tingyu and the later Buddha Li Xiangshan: "Which one is not on the list, the root cause is determined; you don't complain, Guangxuan mother, owes women and men."
Because of the banner of Li Tingyu's reincarnation, compilation of kits, and genealogy as evidence for the leader's receipt, in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, some Bagua believers who were not originally Jiugongdao, including sages, also joined Jiugongdao, including Zhao Guizhang, the ninth grandson of Gao Wensheng. That is Zhao Tiangang.
Finally, according to the organizational model of three sects, five sects, nine poles and eighteen branches, the Jiugongdao organization was established.As early as the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858), "Cangyan Mountain, Shangchengzi, named Lidian", handed down Wu Bagua.
In the Xinyou year, that is, in the eleventh year of Xianfeng (1861), in mid-October, in Yang's home, Wu, Yang, and Li Xiangshan set up the three elements of heaven, earth, and people and eighty-one Buddha plates.In the year of Renxu (the first year of Tongzhi, that is, 1862), the grand event was held, "the Nine Branches were set up to pass on the avenue and eighteen poles" to pass on the Nine Palaces below, "the tips and tricks of Wutai Mountain were passed down to the next", "the inner nine palaces and the outer gossip together confer the virtuous", Li Xiangshan sat in the Nine Palaces, Command the gossip, gossip protects the nine palaces, and supports Li Zhenzhu: "Kowloon holds a sage, named Mu Zizhen."
Wang Zhenxiang, as an old mother, was in charge after living here: "A local girl, appointed by ghosts, pass on some points to her; mention the Nine Palaces, adjust the gossip, and help protect and earn money."
"Really, if there is no income, Guangxuan will take care of it; I will take care of the package, and the heaven, earth and people will have to collect yuan."
In the Yichou month of the Jiazi year, that is, in February of the third year of Tongzhi (1864), it was clearly announced that Li Xiangshan was the ancestor of the emperor: "Promoting the Nine Palaces, adjusting the Eight Diagrams, and playing both civil and military affairs."
And predicted: "If you practice Taoism, you will only wait until the year of the rooster (the eleventh year of Tongzhi, which is 1873) and the year of the dog (the 12th year of Tongzhi, which is 1874); if you succeed, you will have to wait until Wuyin (the fourth year of Guangxu, which is 1878) Fang middle."
It is also predicted that "Muzi people, forty years, great blessings are not shallow; he can be engraved, he will turn over, and the Buddhadharma will be boundless." That is, when Li Xiangshan was forty years old (the eighth year of Guangxu, that is, 1882), the Tao would no longer be suppressed, and he would be turned over. Dominate the universe.All Taoists only need to "this Dao, the existence of the heart, will last forever; after a long time, you will become a Buddha, a god of Daluo. Ruijutian, accompany your mother, and the master will fall; in heaven, you will receive the blessings and never come to the world." Wang Zhenxiang removed In addition to laying the foundation of public opinion and organization for Jiugongdao, he also led Li Xiangshan and others to preach in North China and Northeast China. "A local girl, appointed by a ghost, leads her sons and daughters; outside, she finds a predestined person, and she wants to turn herself over... Find her surname, and after a long time, she can write an essay; she is secretly related to that, Muzi's family. Lu Menzi , Believe in the mother's life, and discover it with pious heart; He Dayuan, the day after tomorrow, can be overturned. People from the land, false governors, there are many people who are not shallow; Dingzhou City, Wang Zhenbang, carefully refer to it. For reference, it is the old mother, pass the point below; Qi Shanren, help finances, and keep mother safe."
"My mother and son, open the road and come to the outside of the pass; Fengtian Province, buy a family property, and want to be safe."
By the time Wang Zhenxiang died in the sixth year of Tongzhi (1867), Jiugongdao had taken root in Zhili, Shanxi, Fengtian and other provinces.
Because Wang Zhenxiang established a unified organizational system under the cover of Mount Wutai Buddhism and the young Maitreya Buddha Li Xiangshan as the leader, Jiugongdao avoided the split and dispersion caused by the government's suppression and the death of the leader in old age. In the next 45 years Maintaining a relatively unified organization over time has enabled it to gather all the manpower and financial resources of the Tao to preach, build temples, and print scriptures, which is something that the Tao of sages has never done.Wang Zhenxiang can be called the "creator" of Jiugongdao 3. The initial development of Jiugongdao From the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868) to the first year of the Republic of China (1912) 45 years, Li Xiangshan was in charge of Jiugongdao alone. This period is the initial development stage of Jiugongdao.Due to the lack of data, the full picture of the activities at this stage cannot be known in detail.It can only be seen through the following points.
(1) Using the banner of Buddhism as a cover and attaching to the Qing Dynasty to spread the Tao.
Li Xiangshan was ordained as a monk, naturalized in the Buddhist forest of Wutai Mountain, and pretended to practice Tibetan Buddhism. He changed from the leader of a cult to a "Puji monk" and was honored as a "living Buddha". He first lived in Nanshan Temple, after the 29th year of Guangxu (1903) downhill.From the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905) to the first year of the Republic of China (1912), he moved to Faxing Temple in Lingshan, Quyang County, Zhili.Many of his disciples who became monks also occupied Buddhist temples in various places and preached in the name of Buddhism.Lingshan Temple outside Guanwai, Zhengjiao Temple in Beijing, Shuangta Temple, Yongtai Temple, Mashen Temple, Baiyi Temple in Tianjin and some temples in Mount Wutai all belong to the Jiugongdao sect.Nanshan Temple in Wutai Mountain is the upper court of the road, and other temples are lower courts under the jurisdiction of Nanshan Temple.Li Xiangshan once held an abstinence field in Baiyi Temple, Tianjin Prefecture, Zhili. Ming Dynasty handed down eight great masters, including Yang Chaoyuan, Hua Jicheng, and Li Shanren, who "helped establish Wutai" and went to Hou Junshan. The introduction is good, the Empress Dowager took it from the Tibetan scriptures; Lama Temple, took the Tibetan scriptures, and returned to the mountain according to the order."In the first year of Xuantong (1909), Pu Yi succeeded to the throne.Li Xiangshan went to Beijing for a pilgrimage to show his loyalty and beg for evangelism.In this way, under the banner of Buddhism, the upper class of Jiugongdao began to break into the society.
Also, in the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu, the Eight-Power Allied Forces entered Beijing.Li Xiangshan sent Ma Jinxu to Beijing to approach him, and agreed to hold a banquet at Tailu Temple in Wutai Mountain to welcome the representatives of the Eight-Power Allied Forces and discuss the aftermath.During the meeting, Li Xiangshan signed a non-aggression pact with representatives of the coalition forces.At the end of the meeting, representatives of the coalition forces paid homage to Mount Wutai to show their sincerity.Therefore, the influence of Nine Palaces can still continue to develop.
It is suspected that it is an attached meeting, and this is recorded for reference.
Combined with the government, it not only further expands its space for activities, but also improves its influence and acceptance among the people. Therefore, in terms of preaching, it is far better than the secret missionary period before Wutai Mountain and still preaching with an illegal face. Folk sects such as sages and sages have advantages.During the period of the Republic of China, various churches were set up in Jiugongdao, which held public activities in the name of Buddhism, and successively colluded with the warlords in power, the leaders of the Japanese and puppet leaders, and the KMT officials. this.
(2) Continue to deify the leader and establish his supreme authority, so as to control the gossip and bring all religions into one.
Li Xiangshan was only 25 years old when Wang Zhenxiang died.He, Cui Kui, Zhou Jian, Wang Jing, Hu Yulin, Zhang Zongshou, etc. borrowed Wang Zhenxiang's prestige in Taoism to fabricate scriptures and deify himself: "Li Xiangshan, who criticizes the scriptures, is possessed by his mother; a native, he writes, Hold the scriptures."
It is said that Li Xiangshan is the reincarnation of Li Tingyu (Liu Zuochen), the congenital god, who is Maitreya Buddha. Empress Fan, who wants to come to Jiulonggang, Wutai Mountain to worship the Lord (Li Xiangshan) is for the unity of the palace hexagrams and so on.He also called Li Xiangshan "the famous master of Qiankun Panzongjun Ehuang Zhenren" and said that he was the leader of the three religions (Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism), and he was the first to transform Confucius. The second time is transformed into Pujing Buddha, and the true nature of Guan Gong ascended to heaven; the third time is transformed into Puguang Buddha to pass on the Dao; Puzheng Buddha passed down the golden alchemy way; seven times transformed Puming Master, passed down the source of the eight trigrams of the previous heaven; eight times transformed Li Tingyu; nine times transformed Li Xiu three times and nine turns;Therefore, all the ways and religions in the world must be united and converted to Li Xiangshan's sect. Only in this way can we receive yuan and fruit, and return to the Paradise of Ultimate Bliss (the vacuum home) to enjoy eternal happiness.During the period of the Republic of China, for the purpose of gathering other folk sects, Jiugong Dao further fabricated that: Li Xiangshan went through nine revolutions from Ehuang, and the first eight revolutions were passed down to Laojun Dao, Jindan Dao, Cleaning (Qingbang), Xiantian Dao, The Hunyuan Gate, Yuandun Gate, Yizhuxiang, and Qingjing Gate are collectively referred to as the Way of Heaven; the Ninth Pass down the Way of Nine Palaces is called the Way of Houtian.Li Xiangshan said "My Buddha came back from the reincarnation and established the world of Baiyang Datong". Those who lost their way to heaven should take refuge in Li Xiangshan, the real person, and return to their roots and recognize the Lord.
(3) Improve and expand the Jiugongdao organization.
When Wang Zhenxiang was there, he set up nine palaces, eight trigrams, and three yuan, and according to the thirty-three days (eight days each in the east, west, south, and north, the one in the middle is Zhonghuangtian) and the interpretation of the thirty-three days by the eight trigrams ( Zhonghuangtian is the hometown of vacuum, which is the residence of Wusheng Laomu, Confucius, Jade Emperor, Maitreya Buddha, Xiantian Lord, Four Sages, Shusheng, etc.) It is called Wusheng Laomu and Maitreya Buddha Li Xiangshan, who lives in the palm of Ruiju Tianzhong. Zhonghuangtian.After Li Xiangshan became an independent Taoist, he made the "Xingxiu Tianpan" (the Tianpan of the Baiyang period) that had been circulated in the folk religion for a long time. According to the so-called "nine principles and eighteen spokes" (nine stems and eighteen branches), the so-called eighteen days were successively established: "Li Xiangshan accepted eighteen apprentices, and established branches and branches to assign eighteen sky."
He called himself Zhonghuangtian, and the Buddha name of that day was Zhongjingdu.His adopted son and apprentice Wang Sengbao (born in 1894) is the heir of Zhonghuangtian.The other seventeen lay disciples each have one day.The seventeen heavens are divided into three sects, five pans, four nobles, and five sects.The three sects are in charge of five plates and four nobles, which are combined into twelve branches, which correspond to the twelve yuan corners mentioned in the "Jin Nang".Including the subsequent five sects, there are seventeen branches in total, all of which are the so-called acquired stars.
Three sects: Yu Jiutian raises the capital to rise to the palace Wu Yingjun, the outer nine days promotes meritorious deeds and enters the central palace Li Baixi, the capital of all Buddhas in the nine heavens, Huangting Palace, Zhou Jian, the mysterious capital of nine heavens in the northwest, Bixia Palace, Ran Chengwen, the capital of nine heavens in the southwest, Chengbaodu, Li Palace, Yang Chunhua, the four nobles: the capital of nine heavens in the north, Rengui Palace, the capital of Cui Kui, the capital of nine heavens in the east, Jiayi Palace, Zhuanggui in the south, the capital of fire wheels in the south, nine heavens Bingding Palace Xu Baizi West Nine Heavens Jindandu Gengxin Palace Qiao Xinkuan Five Factions: Baozhongtian All Saints Juxian Palace Ge Huaiyu Left Zhongtian Sun Palace Du Puzhao Palace Zheng Xueshi Sheng Zhongtian Holy Realm Du Fengtian Palace Li Mingzhong Right Zhongtian Moon Palace Capital Liu Darong of Xingxiu Palace protects the treasures of Zhongtian, and Xu Weisi of Vajra Palace is under the jurisdiction of Zhonghuangtian for seventeen days.Centered on Nanshan Temple in Wutai Mountain, where Zhonghuangtian is located.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the area of activity for the Seventeen Days was North China.Most of the gods are from Zhili, and a few are from Shanxi.Here are a few Gods or subsequent Gods as examples: Zhonghuangtian, Wang Sengbao, Li Xiangshan’s adopted son, from Nanzheng Village, Jingxing County;威县人；西九天，高兴和，获鹿县站稻村人；中九天，杜德义，井陉县胡家滩人；南九天，张更寿，衡水县人；东南天，李万春，平山县延舆（？村人；东北天，魏尚田，正定县徐乡村人；西北天，刘喜章祖父，完县尧城村人；余九天，刘国忠，国安县人；右中天，葛井惠，山西平定县河堤村人；西南天，杨春华，平定县城关人；保中天，乔万才，五台县侯家庄人。
光绪二十九年（1903年）雍和宫取藏经以后，李向善与崔奎、宋蓝凤在东北按五行说建立五会。五会属“外九一天”由外九天的郭殿奎、孟广业等辗转所传：“郭殿奎，孟广业，根源不断；刘德禄，传大道，替佛开传。度苑宋，传大道，关外发现；宋蓝凤，开五会，一土下传。”
中会又称“头会”领导东西南北四会，会主陆永昭（？—1927）南会会主王鸿起。北会会主胡振领。东会会主张国文。
西会会主邢福。清末五会主要活动在关外。
李向善虽分封了十七天，但因款项不足，十七天组织没有发展起来。至民国元年（1912）十七天散了，没有人员，而五会却发展迅速。李向善计划用五会多余人员补充十七天。三月十五日，李向善召集十七天天主、五会会主在曲阳县法兴寺开会。五会会主不同意拨人给十七天。李向善遂决定将十七天划归五大会来领导，并赐给每会戳印一枚。自此，五大会掌正，顶替十七天的位置，成为九宫道的主干，以后渐渐入关内发展。
同年，李向善嘱咐王僧宝接掌中皇天，在十八天之外成立六十三天，凑成八十一天，每“天”分开天卷、立天卷、和天卷、罗汉卷、菩萨卷、玉皇卷、人盘卷等，每卷1096人，44人为一盘。这一计划后来没有实现。
此外，李向善以“宫（九宫道）、卦（八卦教）”
合一为依据，大肆招揽直鲁豫等地的八卦教支派。他的一位门徒、浙江天目山妙顶和尚则另立“宗门正教黄山派”至清末民初，九宫道已成为徒众分布华北、东北、华东的庞大道门。
（四）筹款兴建寺院。
建立弥勒佛掌教、掌乾坤、教门治世的白阳世界，是八卦教根深蒂固、最为隐秘又最为强烈的愿望或理想。九宫道认为：治国必先治道。国之兴亡，全依道之兴衰而定。只有大兴其道，才能建立理想的佛国，立“中京”由教主坐中京，登基称帝，统治天下。李向善称：“有京城必先有寺院。如北京先有潭州寺，东京先有相国寺。在凤凰山（属井陉县——引者注）修庙，可以再建京城。”
（道内藏有所谓“中京图”他设立十八天、五会的动机之一，就是让它们向徒众募捐，修建五台山极乐寺。
李向善等以保今生平安、来世富贵、成佛成仙等言语诱惑道徒们捐献，首创挂三乘号之说，按道徒生前为死后在阴间挂号出钱的多少，给与上、中、下三种乘号中的一种，诡言道徒可凭所挂乘号，在死后享受各种不同的待遇。道徒为求来生安乐而倾家荡产者不计其人。又编造所谓三十六样灵文宝，俗称“法宝”、“三十六大法子”劝诱道徒购买。这些所谓“法宝”就是盖有“佛传贤印同登极乐”印记的各种白纸条。李向善等人为了利用道徒们的虔诚信仰，信誓旦旦，大开种种空头支票，甚至不惜咒天诅地：弥勒佛下凡来母差治世，赐三宝三十六件件周全。真弟子治佛宝掏心出力，化一文岂不是一本万还。弥勒佛下凡来明下大愿，要哄了迷人钱压在阴山。治合同为的是搭查对号，各关口见合同迎接进关。要得了未来佛皇极真宝，才能见无生母到了灵山。办坐骥为的是骑他方便，若不办不能骑行走艰难。办玄机为的是玄妙之法，免去了红尘罪一十八殿。办灵山为的是灵山宝地，日久后皈灵山自有安然。办灵符为的是免去罪苦，若不办事到了后悔枉然。办密叶为的是七七四十九日，也不饿也不渴过了劫难。办神旗立门前消灾免难，有神兵站门前挡住反叛。办大剑为的是降妖作怪，众妖魔全下界要把人餐。办文凭合天照能护身体，到日后领二宝才能作官。办大法合法号通天彻地，谁得了金口诀能成神仙。办戒牒为的是五戒弟子，守三皈持五戒能到灵山。办三经为的是讲经说法，办御经为的是应当官员。办门牌为的是能免大祸，办佛堂为的是烧香求佛。办手号合口号能挡反叛，八方反四方乱自在安然。护身经能免去红尘大罪，带在身妖魔怪不敢上前。办罗汉为的是陪伴佛祖，办皇宝为的是身入天盘。办度牒守三皈遵住五戒，不杀身不害命日久皈天。办福寿为的是年高有德，翻天镇万仙阵能挡妖仙。飞龙剑万仙阵你能得胜，天机号也能挡万样灾难。镇宅宝能镇住灵山宝地，办金牌提神兵万万千千。供果照为的是母前得位，未来经保根本性命周全。拔考事为的是提拔父母，有一子得了道九祖升天。挂大号为的是龙华三会，君有道出旨意收选男女。现放着活佛在快快治宝，佛门闭耽误了想买也难！
通过卖“宝”千村万寨万万千千道徒们的血汗钱、生命钱由十七天、五大会下属组织层层汇集到李向善等人手中，成为一笔笔巨款。他们利用这些钱财，在五台山等地大修寺院。十八天修了古罗寺、菩提寺、古佛寺、万善堂、中台山寺、法兴寺等。五会计划合力在五台山南山修极乐寺，立中京。九宫道寺庙，令五台山等地衰落残败的正统佛教寺院相形见绌，其代价，却是无数底层教徒的痛苦、牺牲：“为治宝也有那出卖田产，为治宝也有那借账使钱。为治宝二众们（指女道徒——引者注）挨打受气，公不喜婆不爱丈夫瞒怨。”
在现实生活中本已苦难不堪的道徒们，被九宫道“日后得好”的迷魂语句所误导，陷入更苦难的境地。
民国元年（1912）1月1日，中华民国成立。2月12日，宣统帝被迫退位。清政府被推翻，两千多年的帝制告终，中国进入了一个新时代。清政府套在民间教门头上的邪教枷锁亦随之消失，民间教门进入了一个活跃阶段，带着种种旧思想传统走上新的时代舞台。是年阴历六月十五日，李向善久等十七天天主、五会会主前去开会，尚未有人至，即病死在曲阳县法兴寺。他死前还做着收元迷梦，叮嘱王僧宝接掌中皇天，等他转世回来时再交给他，还交代王僧宝在他灵前烧天盘卷，在下葬后烧地盘卷，在他一百岁时去北京皇城根松竹寺烧人盘卷，说如此则天星下降，地气上升，天地人三盘圆满，保证收元。七月十五日，李向善灵柩移至五台山南山寺东竹堂，停灵三年，每日由王僧宝烧纸烧香。其间，道内为他在九龙岗修坟。1914年下葬。各地道徒前来膜拜，祈祷烧香。
李向善死后，九宫道失去权威中心而陷于分裂。五大会和十七天残余隐九宫道之名，纷纷打出“五台山（或'京师'、'北平'等）普济（或'向善'）佛教会”的旗号，向民国政府备案，公开活动，向华北、东北等地扩展。后来各地九宫道陆续投靠封建军阀、日本帝国主义势力以及国民党政权，完全成为一股反人民反进步的反动势力。
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