Chapter 9 3. "Emerging Economies" Section

In addition to the above-mentioned huge "quasi-developed country" plate, China also has another plate, that is, a super-large "emerging economy" plate. Internationally, the concept of "emerging economies" generally refers to booming developing countries and regions, to distinguish them from most stagnant developing countries.I use this concept because only this concept can summarize the characteristics of China's developing regions.The main features of this section are: First, if the general characteristics of developing countries are extreme poverty, illiteracy, disease, lack of economic vitality, and unresolved problems of food and clothing, then China’s plate, through the efforts of the past few decades, is no longer in the general sense. level of developing countries.The characteristics of this section are: extreme poverty has been basically eliminated, junior high school education has been basically popularized, major infectious diseases have been brought under control, and the problem of food and clothing has been solved.The people in this plate are hardworking and intelligent, and although they are not generally rich, most of them have houses and land.If these assets are counted, their net worth is much higher than that of the average developing country.

Second, the plate itself is full of vitality.The development momentum in the central and western regions of China in recent years is very noticeable, and the economic growth rate is generally higher than that of China's developed plates.Taking 2009 as an example, the annual GDP growth of 13 provinces and cities including Inner Mongolia, Chongqing, Sichuan, Hunan, Shaanxi, Hubei, and Anhui all exceeded 10%.Among them, Inner Mongolia ranks first in the country's GDP growth rate with a growth rate of 17%, and has maintained double-digit growth for seven consecutive years.The total output value of Anhui Province has also exceeded 1 trillion yuan, becoming the 14th province in China to enter the ranks of the GDP "trillion yuan club". In 2009, the China West International Trade Fair was held in Chengdu, and the total amount of investment and trade agreements reached at the meeting exceeded the sum of the past ten years.All these phenomena are conveying a message: the momentum of great development in central and western China has arrived.

Third, this sector has its own advantages, especially in natural resources and human resources.It has sent a large amount of natural resources and human resources to China's developed regions, and at the same time, it has also received radiation from developed sectors in terms of talents, technology and markets.Because of this benign interaction, the sector itself has become a growing consumer market.In addition to the benign interaction with coastal areas, this sector also vigorously attracts foreign investment and promotes rapid economic development. Fourth, a pattern of benign interaction between China's two major sectors has been formed.As China's developed sectors continue to undergo economic restructuring characterized by industrial upgrading, more and more industries are shifting to emerging sectors on a large scale.Recently, the state has raised a series of regional development plans in the central and western regions to the strategy of the whole country. These regions have ushered in the historical opportunity of accelerating industrialization and urbanization.

Fifth, this plate has also formed its own growth pole.Although overall, the development conditions of the central and western regions are not as good as those of the eastern regions, there are also many regions with relatively good development conditions in the central and western regions, forming a unique economic circle and urban agglomeration effect. , deep processing of agricultural products and other aspects have their own advantages.They are even ahead of the coastal areas in developing the domestic demand market and promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.Chongqing, the only municipality directly under the central government in mainland China, is a prominent example.

In March 2010, Huang Qifan, the mayor of Chongqing, described the development of Chongqing in this way: The goal of Chongqing is to strive to become an economic center city in western China by 2020, as well as a leader and growth pole in the development of western China.Chongqing is an area where large cities and large rural areas coexist in China. It will strive to build Chongqing into a municipality directly under the Central Government with overall planning of urban and rural areas within 10 years.In recent years, under the impetus of the western development policy and the support of China's policy to deal with the financial crisis last year, Chongqing has developed rapidly. In 2009, the economic growth rate was 14.9%, ranking third in the country. The situation may be even better in 2010, which is expected to reach 16%.Although Chongqing is located inland, it has always focused on being in line with international standards and speeding up the steps of opening up.In terms of utilizing foreign capital, it was only US$1 billion in 2007, and quadrupled in 2008 and 2009. By last year, the city's actual utilization of foreign capital had reached US$4 billion.This year it is estimated that the utilization of foreign capital will reach 6 billion US dollars.

Huang Qifan also said: 51% of Chongqing's permanent population is urban and 49% is rural.With the development of urbanization and industrialization, the urban population will increase to 70%.Chongqing has several measures in urbanization and industrialization.Among them, cities are developed according to the model of urban agglomeration. In the future, the main city of Chongqing will be a megacity with an area of ​​1,000 square kilometers and a population of 10 million. There will be 30 medium-sized cities around it, which will accumulate a population of 6 to 7 million. , In addition, there are more than 100 central towns.The city of Chongqing in the future will be an urban agglomeration composed of "one mega city + 30 medium cities + more than 100 small cities".In order to promote the development of this urban agglomeration, Chongqing has promoted the construction of "Five Chongqings", so that this urban agglomeration is located in the forest and is smooth, livable, safe and healthy.In addition, through the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, the improvement of rural areas will be mainly carried out in four aspects.First, improve rural infrastructure, including roads, communications, energy, etc., so that the level of infrastructure enjoyed by farmers in rural areas can be integrated with that in cities.Second, improve the educational, health and cultural facilities in rural areas so that farmers can enjoy better educational, medical and cultural facilities in rural areas than in cities.Third, let farmers in rural areas have pension, medical insurance and social security just like urban residents.Fourth, the migrant workers produced during the process of a large number of farmers moving to the city, they settled in the city after they got a job, and never returned to the countryside, making them urban residents.

In addition, a nationwide expressway network has been formed, and a high-speed railway network is rapidly forming, which has greatly promoted the positive interaction between these two major sectors of China.China is already the country with the largest flow of people and goods in the world.Within the scope of China, a "civilized country", the previous "self-contained" industrial division of labor has been broken, and the industrial division of labor between regions tends to be more reasonable.The integration of industrial chains across the country is advancing rapidly, and an efficient and unified national market is being formed.With the acceleration of national economic restructuring and the mutually beneficial interaction between China's two sectors, China's regional development will gradually become more balanced, and regional differences will gradually narrow. In the medium and long term, China's developed sector will continue to grow, and emerging The plates will gradually shrink until China becomes the largest developed country in the world.