Chapter 20 17. Precious water resources and irrigation

By 2030, the goals of the United Nations must be optimized in terms of water issues, including irrigation, increasing production, promoting a balanced supply of water resources, and ensuring the management of basic supplies. Estimation of Total Water Resources in 2000 Country volume (km) Brazil 6220 Russia 4059 US 3760 Canada 3290 China 2800 Indonesia 2530 india 1850 Canada (781 liters per capita) and the United States (567 liters per capita) are the countries with the highest water consumption per capita. In 20 years, water demand will increase by 600%. Water shortages, floods, pollution, environmental degradation, and water sanitation are issues that are closely related to every country in the world.What about the situation in China?Is there any good solution?

China's immediate priorities are drought, water scarcity, flooding, deteriorating water sources, and wastewater treatment.At least every two years, a severe drought occurs in China. Among the 668 cities in China, more than 400 are short of water, and currently 20 million Chinese have difficulty drinking drinking water.China's annual water shortage amounts to 30 billion to 40 billion cubic meters. In addition, due to the drought in some parts of China, many rivers have dried up or become polluted. Due to ignorance and lack of awareness of the seriousness of the problem, China and the world have underestimated the importance of protecting water resources until there is a crisis and has to be done: water pollution, excessive use of chemical fertilizers, littering and so on.

This is a new crisis that all mankind must face, and we must join hands to deal with it.Don't forget that environmental pollution is still getting worse, because the diseases it breeds are still going on. five national programs Conservation plan: water source protection in cities and villages; Law, Prevention and Governance: Fighting Water Pollution; Building dams: ensuring the safety of the water environment; Rezoning: polluting businesses in cities and villages; Information and advice: Residential water quality. China's per capita water resources are 2,350 cubic meters, which is a quarter of the world's average level, and the distribution is uneven between the north and the south, and the north is drier.

In addition, China must meet the drinking water needs of the people of the whole country, whether in rural areas or cities, and considering the uneven distribution of its water resources, taking into account the needs of various aspects such as industry and agriculture.This means improving irrigation methods in arid and mountainous regions, combating climate anomalies and combating pollution of water, lakes and rivers.China is implementing a grand plan! In this regard, a survey from 2005 to 2009 showed that 2.62 million square kilometers of land in China had been degraded due to desertification and soil erosion. In 2009, China's investment in water resources protection projects hit a record of 16 billion euros.

According to a 2006 survey by Xinhua News Agency, more than 12 million tons of grain in China are polluted by heavy metals every year, causing direct economic losses of 2.2 billion euros. In order to resist polluting factories, the twelfth five-year plan is expected to focus on those polluting factories, especially for heavy metal pollution and those chemical factories along rivers and lakes, to implement comprehensive supervision measures. Remote mountain villages like Yongning County in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region can already guarantee a supply of drinking water.More than 100,000 wells have been built since the program started to help poor areas in the west.

The "water cellar" program in northwestern China has improved the living standards of farmers who desperately need such water storage systems for irrigation.Before, they had to walk for more than an hour to draw water from the river, and then bear the fatigue brought by the weight to carry the water home... The United States, China, and India all have large irrigation areas that serve agriculture.In China, 70% of food comes from irrigated fields.However, it is also necessary to improve water management, sanitation and transportation to improve irrigation efficiency. In the face of many challenges, in order to overcome the particularity of its geographical environment, deserts, mountains, etc., China has achieved amazing and huge technological achievements, such as multiple and complex applications of micro and macro irrigation technologies across the country.

In this regard, the West has not met the challenges that these poor and developing countries have to deal with.Although China's technology is leading in this field, China is still in the development stage, and the tasks to be completed are still quite heavy.But China is developing actively and rapidly!