Chapter 15 Enterprise history figure factory 798

In the "156 Project", there are four projects arranged in the capital Beijing, one for civilian use and three for military industry, one of which is the 798 factory.Half a century later, 798 has become the most famous artist community in Beijing. Among the four projects in Beijing, two are electronics companies, both of which are located in the Jiuxianqiao area in the eastern suburbs. One is the Beijing Cable and Electric General Factory, numbered 738, and the other is the North China Radio Equipment Joint Factory, which consists of 718, 798, 706, 707, 797, and 751 are jointly composed of six factories, of which 798 is the most famous, and the locals collectively call this factory area 798 compound. 738 developed our first electronic computer, the first automatic telephone exchange and the first bank automatic teller machine. The most famous record of 798 is that in 1958, it independently developed a silicon single crystal with a purity of more than 99.99%. It is a revolutionary breakthrough in China's semiconductor industry.In the following thirty years, Factory 798 has always been a leader in the semiconductor industry. It has supplied pre-process equipment for more than 30 domestically produced semiconductor production lines across the country, and has continuously undertaken and completed many scientific and technological research tasks assigned by the state.

Different from other "Project 156", 798 was built with the assistance of the Eastern European Democratic Germany. At that time, East German Deputy Prime Minister Ersner personally organized and established the 718 Joint Plant Engineering Support Team, using East German technology, experts and equipment. production line, completed the project.In addition to the advanced technology, its most unique feature is the typical German Bauhaus architectural style.Its architect is the Dessau Architecture Institute, which is in the same city as the famous Bauhaus school.Therefore, the joint factory has a typical Bauhaus style, which is a model of the perfect combination of practicality and simplicity.The Germans pursue high standards in construction quality.For example, the seismic strength was designed to be above grade 8, while the standards of China and the Soviet Union at that time were only grade 6 to 7; another example, in order to ensure firmness, No. The windows of the building are all facing south. This design can make full use of skylight and reflected light, which keeps the light uniform and stable. (Bauhaus: In 1919, Gropius established the Bauhaus school in Weimar, Germany. Under the influence of abstract art, a new style of arts and crafts and architecture was formed. Its main features are: focusing on satisfying Practical requirements; give full play to the technical performance and aesthetic performance of new materials and new structures; simple shape. This architectural concept and style is widely used, forming the Bauhaus school.)

798 and 738 used to be one of the most famous and mysterious large factories in Beijing. Working here is something to be proud of. If anyone asks where they work, they will answer that they are military factories, and everything else will be kept secret. This kind of mystery Feelings can arouse the envy of countless people.A worker once recalled his first day of work at 798: I got off the bus at Dashanzi, and there was a residential area near the station, the most conspicuous of which was a large courtyard guarded by the People’s Liberation Army, which was full of flowers and plants The trees are like a big garden, and the red brick building inside can be vaguely seen under the cover of the trees.I went up and asked the guarding PLA, "Where is Factory 706?" But the answer I got was that I didn't know, but there were no other buildings that looked more like factories here.The answer to this mystery was not solved until I officially started working. It turned out that "706" was the code of the military factory, which was to be kept secret at the time.The place I asked was the 798 compound.

In 1960, Shu Heng, a worker conductor, came out of the 738 compound, and he composed a marching piece "The Wired Power Plant Is Going Ahead".Under the arrangement of relevant departments, on June 5th, Chegong Shu Heng stepped onto the stage of the Beijing People's Theater to direct the Central Symphony Orchestra to perform music composed by him.On the program list, the worker conductor Shu Heng was named ahead of the most famous Chinese conductor Li Delun. This was a very sensational news at the time, and it proved the advancement and omnipotence of the working class. However, since the end of the 1980s, 738 and 798, like all state-owned enterprises, have gradually failed to keep up with the times, and the decline of various factories has begun to appear.People are no longer proud to work in the compound. On the contrary, anyone who has some connections tries to transfer jobs.By the mid-1990s, the once-popular compound enterprise was in a state of semi-suspended production. More than half of the workers in the factory were laid off and diverted.The factory had no work to do, so it had to rely on renting out idle factory buildings and selling land to make money.

In 2002, a female intellectual named Hong Huang suddenly took aim at it. Hong was the granddaughter of Republican politician Zhang Shizhao and the daughter of Republic of China Foreign Minister Qiao Guanhua.She liked the unique state-owned factory atmosphere of 798—decayed, stiff, and incompatible with commercial temperament, so she rented a workshop here at a very cheap price and used it as her own art studio. Robert, an American who works on an art website, rented a 120-square-meter Muslim cafeteria and transformed it into a store in front and a company in the back.Under the advocacy and demonstration of Hong Huang and Robert, some avant-garde artists have also taken a fancy to the spacious space and low rent here, and have rented some factories as studios or exhibition spaces. The "Snowball" of the "798" artist group is It rolled like this.Time magazine of the United States rated it as one of the 22 most culturally iconic urban art centers. The "New York Times" even compared it with SOHO, a gathering area for contemporary artists in New York.

In this way, a dying state-owned factory suddenly turned into the most fashionable place in Beijing. All the workshops, workshops, and even the mottled machine tools and production lines in the 798 factory area have been preserved. They are like a bunch of bodies that have been hollowed out of their souls. The artists use their own expressive techniques to completely "pop" them. , the labor enthusiasm, revolutionary discipline and political worship that had been rippling for more than 40 years were suddenly solidified, and took on a very exaggerated and weird look.By 2004, more than 200 cultural institutions and individual studios from more than 10 countries had gathered here, and the Beijing Municipal Government has decided to list it as an "excellent modern building" for preservation.Many years later, when all the old state-owned factories in China were demolished, 798 was left as the only survivor.Of course, in a way no one expected.

In 2008, a newspaper described 798 with such details: "After the impassioned "Cable Power Plant is Moving Forward" march, in 798, the charming and feminine Kunqu Opera is playing. That night, the "Ren" Club held a thank you At the reception, we invite two winners of the Plum Blossom Award for Drama to perform Kunqu Opera." Half a century ago, the place where the love story of Tang Minghuang and Yang Guifei was sung was the big dining hall of the 798 compound. Before each meal, the workers here stood and sang a passionate revolutionary song.