Chapter 25 Chapter 23 How to Speak Impromptu
Impromptu speech is a tense and complex language expression process, and it is very difficult to master it well.It is directly related to a person's thinking, thinking, life, experience, knowledge, eloquence and many other factors.However, impromptu speech, as a form of speech often used in work, is not unpredictable and cannot be mastered, and it also has certain skills and rules.
Generally speaking, impromptu speeches in life, such as conference speeches, congratulatory speeches, congratulatory speeches, and eulogies, are more flexible in the scope of topic selection, and some topics that are popular with the audience can be selected; Topics in legal, academic and other occasions can be relatively determined, and the range of choices is not very large; the range of propositions for some impromptu speeches on the field is generally relatively clear.No matter the scope of topic selection is large or small, you must do it when selecting topics: based on current affairs hot spots, grasping social focus, suitable for the audience's arguments, seeking unique stimulating points, so as to express novel and unique viewpoints.
A speaker once participated in a speech contest with the theme of "Traffic Safety in My Heart".After analyzing the theme, he felt that a large number of contestants would select materials based on the aspect of "the harm caused by people's weak awareness of traffic safety", and what was shown to the audience might be shocking and horrible bloody events.In this way, if more than a dozen contestants continue to speak, the audience will be out of breath, and after a long time, there will be a sense of burnout.After thinking about it, he wanted to express it from a new perspective.So he chose that many people in modern life do not understand traffic safety, which leads to the incomprehension of traffic police, which makes the work of traffic police difficult.If the whole society understands the traffic police and supports the work of the traffic police, traffic accidents will decrease.He carefully and repeatedly established the theme of "Dedication and Understanding", and called on people to understand the work of traffic safety by praising the spirit of the traffic police who silently worked hard for the motherland and selfless dedication to the people.The audience, who were tired of listening to ordinary topics, was refreshed when they heard this novel theme, and their natural speech received a warm welcome.
But don't misunderstand that people are willing to listen to only novel and exciting topics, so they search their brains and think of some anecdotes, even obscene and vulgar situations.Although this type of topic sounds the most interesting to ordinary people, there are not many such things. There are some sensational news in the society. You don’t need to tell others that they may already know about it.In fact, any subject matter is a good conversation material, as long as we pay attention in our daily life: you can talk about food, drinks, and the weather; you can talk about life and love; you can talk about sympathy, responsibility, and Truth, talk about glory; you can talk about the stock market, talk about fashion clothes; you can talk about football, basketball, badminton...
To catch a snake, you must grasp the "seven inches" - "the eye".
Speaking impromptu, the key point is to make use of the topic.Whether it is an impromptu speech on the field with a clear theme, or a speech at a conference without a clear topic but only a situation, or even a few words that come suddenly in life, the expresser must be able to grasp the key "topic". Once the "problem" is determined, you can find materials from the knowledge treasure house of ancient and modern China and foreign countries in the rich and colorful life experience to organize around the "problem".Let's analyze the "topic eye" of impromptu speech.
The ferry boat was originally a means of transportation. Its function is to travel back and forth on both sides of the river and send people to their destinations without fear of wind and waves.The purpose of the impromptu speech is not to introduce the role of the ferry, but to extend it appropriately to praise people with the character of the ferry: such as the people's teacher.The "problem" to be grasped is the word "crossing", which is related to the teacher's "crossing" of students to the other side of knowledge, the other side of ideals.
A teacher was invited to a meeting to welcome new students. At the meeting, the host asked him to say a few words on behalf of the teacher.He cleverly solved the problem, grasping the "problem eye" - the word "new" to play:
"Dear new classmates, hello!
"Everyone has come to a new place with new hopes from their parents, new wishes from friends, and new ideals of their own. In this new semester, I sincerely hope that you will use new language, new actions, New style, new everything to adapt to the new environment, start a new study, show a new life to master new knowledge, increase new skills, and achieve new achievements. I believe that after three years, everyone will have a new attitude, Standing in front of parents, friends, and society with a new look, you can proudly say: 'A new life has begun!'”
This speech caught the eye of the question, from the point to the surface, in one go, naturally received a warm welcome.
The key to finding the "eyes of the question" is to review the questions and make a comprehensive analysis based on the topic and the environment.For example, when expressing "The value of life lies in dedication", we must grasp the word "dedication".Some situational impromptu speeches are more flexible, and it is necessary to dig out the "problem" from a novel and unique perspective.
Impromptu speech often requires choosing a suitable topic in a short period of time. If the topic is appropriate, impromptu speech is half the success. Generally, the following principles should be followed:
To choose a topic that is closely related to the theme, you must first clarify the theme of the meeting or activity, and then focus on the theme and choose a topic related to it, otherwise it will be far away from the topic and interfere with the direction of the meeting.For example, at a conference on technological transformation of an enterprise, you talked a lot about corporate management and corporate culture, which inevitably got a bit off topic.The audience will also think that you have a problem with your thinking.If you can closely follow the technological transformation of the enterprise, choose a good angle to cut in, and express your unique and incisive insights, you will definitely be praised by the audience.
Choose a topic you are familiar with. Choose a topic you are familiar with. You can be full of confidence and freedom, but also have something to say, talk about depth, and express accurately.Only in this way can we attract and impress the audience.You must not choose topics that are still unfamiliar to you just for the sake of novelty and curiosity, let alone pretend to be an expert and talk nonsense.Otherwise, it will either not be able to justify itself, give up halfway, fail to continue, and end hastily;Especially on some important occasions, if a topic that I am not familiar with is introduced, it will be difficult to end, and I will put myself in a very passive and embarrassing situation.
The audience is the judge of the impromptu speaker, and the audience's response is the measure of the success of the speech.Therefore, when choosing a topic, we must first consider whether the audience cares and is willing to listen.If the audience is not interested in it, no matter how much you talk about it, you are indulging yourself and wasting your tongue.For impromptu speeches, try to choose those topics that are closely related to the audience, familiar to the audience, have some new ideas, and can inspire people.The topics that the audience loves to hear are not anecdotes or profound philosophies.
Choose topics that are unique Everyone likes to hear new and unique topics.If you go on and on and on about well-known things and universally applicable truths, the audience will get bored.Therefore, it is necessary to determine a unique topic on the basis of carefully observing the scene, experiencing the atmosphere, and knowing ourselves and the enemy.Never repeat what others have said.To achieve this, the key is to change the angle, improve the level, and find another way.We must stand outside the circle ideologically, look at the overall situation, and think twice before we act.If you say it first, you will be able to beat others by surprise, and you will be the first to catch others;As for whether to speak first or later, it depends on the scene.In short, to choose a unique topic, you must choose a good angle and look at the right time.
Choose a topic that matches the language environment The language environment refers to the real environment of the speech, that is, time, place, characters and background.Speech depends on the object and the occasion.As the saying goes: "Speak what people you see, and sing what songs you go to." Topics should be determined according to the audience's occupational characteristics, education level, ideological level, gender, age, and situation.For example, there must be a distinction between workers and peasants, between leading cadres and the general public, between the people and enemies; in cities and in rural areas, in factories and in schools; It should be different from serious occasions.For example, on the night of July 11, 1946, Mr. Li Gongpu, a member of the Central Committee of the Democratic League, was assassinated by the Kuomintang reactionaries. On the morning of July 15, Mr. Wen Yiduo presided over the memorial meeting for Mr. Li Gongpu.Mr. Li's wife, Zhang Manyun, first told the story of Mr. Li Gongpu's death and accused the Kuomintang reactionaries of their despicable crimes. More than a thousand audience members wept angrily.At this time, a small group of spies who sneaked into the venue were talking and laughing, and even made trouble for no reason, which was extremely rampant.Mr. Wen Yiduo was not going to speak at first, but seeing this scene, he couldn't restrain his anger, so he went up against the police, denouncing the shamelessness of the secret agents and the crimes of the reactionaries.He chose such a topic at the time: "In the past few days, everyone knows that the most despicable and shameless thing in history has happened in Kunming! What crime did Mr. Li commit to be murdered like this? He just wrote articles with a pen He speaks with his mouth, and what he writes and speaks are nothing more than the words of a Chinese who has not lost his conscience! Everyone has a pen and a mouth, so what reason is there to speak out! There are facts! Why do you want to fight and kill, and you don’t dare to do it openly, but do it secretly! What kind of talk is this!” Mr. Wen Yiduo chose this topic when he was extremely angry, and deeply exposed the secrets of the secret agents. The shameless face and the crimes of the reactionaries fit the locale of the time very well.
Around the outline of the speech, within a limited time, hurry up and make a draft.If the speech is not messy, calmly developed, and there are no obvious language problems, this extemporaneous speech will be considered a success.To make a good draft, you should start with the following three points:
Concentrating speech content For well-trained and experienced speakers, in the short time before the speech, they can determine the central content of the speech according to the situation on the spot, and what to say first and then what to say.For inexperienced leaders, the content can be highly condensed before the lecture, and the key points can be reminded to avoid omissions.For example, to make an impromptu speech at the sports competition awards meeting of the unit, the main content should include the following points: First, congratulate the award-winning collectives and individuals, and express gratitude to the coaches and staff; The significance of the event; the third is to call for learning from athletes; the fourth is to hope that it will continue to be held in the future.According to these contents, words such as "congratulations", "thanks", "meaning", "learning" and "hope" can be used to abstract and summarize the content of the speech, which will be used as the backbone of the speech and will be played at that time.
Refining a good point of view If the topic is a circle, the point of view is the center of the circle.The point of view should be correct, clear and focused.Viewpoints that have nothing to do with the topic will make the speech digress; viewpoints that are contrary to the topic will make the speech contradict itself.Point of view is the core of an impromptu speech, which should run through the speech and play a programmatic role in the speech.Points of view should be relatively concentrated, and those that have nothing to do with the topic or have little relationship to the topic should not be discussed; there are multiple points of view, but they must be clearly prioritized, and the main points must be grasped and explained thoroughly.
Organize sentence groups Sentence groups are also called sentence groups, which are the basis of a speech.A sentence group has a definite meaning, which is called "meaning core", which can connect several sentences into a sentence group.If we prepare a few "meaning cores" and develop them into sentence groups, the belly draft of the impromptu speech will come out.Before impromptu speech, you can think about several "meaning cores".If you are invited to attend a township enterprise reform meeting and ask you to give an impromptu speech, you can think a little bit and list a set of "meaning cores": 1. This meeting is very important. 2. The meeting has several characteristics. 3. Focus on several links: make great efforts to reform the property rights system of enterprises; strengthen management; vigorously develop domestic and foreign markets; and do a good job in technological transformation. 4. Do a good job in implementing it.Then calmly think and talk.Some speeches can be divided into several large paragraphs, and each paragraph is divided into several articles, and each article has several "meaning cores".Expand, supplement, associate and give examples around these "meaning cores".This keeps the impromptu speech organized.
Richard, an American public speaking expert, once recommended a structure model for selected manuscripts.He believes that impromptu speech should be divided into four steps:
After the topic and outline are determined, start to quickly grab materials.Speech is inseparable from materials. Materials are the basis of speech. Only with materials can there be something to say, opinions can be sustenanced, and only when you speak can you speak with ease.If there is not enough material and there is a blank in the mind, the words will not express the meaning, the words will be empty, and the words will be unclear.Successful impromptu speakers tend to be knowledgeable, familiar with the material, and good at organizing.
Improvised speeches cannot be fully prepared in advance and rely entirely on on-site organization.Immediately grasp the materials, there are two sources: one is the speaker's usual knowledge accumulation; the other is the people and things in front of him.No matter which aspect of the material, we should try our best to choose materials with strong arguments.Materials as evidence are used to prove a point.Therefore, we should pay attention to the selection of materials that can reflect, support and demonstrate viewpoints.Only such materials can complement each other and have strong persuasive power.When some leaders give impromptu speeches, they often do not discriminate or select the quoted materials. Regardless of whether they are useful to the point of view, they just say it smoothly, making the material and point of view very different, too much nonsense, and not convincing.For this reason, Comrade Mao Zedong criticized the prevalent ethos of arrogance in the party, and put forward the point of view that arrogance will suffer and fail. He said:
"There have been several times in the history of our party that we have shown great pride, but we suffered losses. The first time was in the first half of 1927. At that time, when the Northern Expeditionary Army arrived in Wuhan, some comrades became proud and thought they were great. Forgot that the Kuomintang was going to attack us. As a result, it made the mistake of Chen Duxiu’s line, which made this revolution a failure. The second time was in 1930. The Red Army used the conditions of the Jiang, Feng, and Yan wars to win some battles, and some comrades were proud I got up and thought I was great, but in the end I committed the mistakes of Li Lisan's line and caused some losses to the revolutionary forces. The third time was in 1931, when the Red Army broke the third "encirclement and suppression", and then the people of the whole country faced the Japanese invasion. The vigorous anti-Japanese movement was launched, and some comrades became proud and thought they were great. As a result, they made more serious line mistakes and lost about 90% of the revolutionary forces that had worked so hard to gather. The fourth time was in 1938. In 1999, the Anti-Japanese War started, the united front was established, and some comrades became proud and thought they were great, but they made mistakes similar to those of Chen Duxiu's line. The revolutionary work in those places suffered great losses."
In this discussion, Mao Zedong listed five major failures caused by pride in the party. The materials are detailed and the arguments are sufficient, which strongly proves that pride will suffer and fail, which is very convincing.
Impromptu speech can also choose people or things on the spot. It is more targeted and explanatory than indirect materials, with stronger explanatory power, and the audience feels more realistic.Only by contacting more people and things on the scene can the emotions of the speaker and the audience be blended together and the desired effect can be achieved.Extemporaneous speech itself also contains the meaning of collecting materials on the spot.As mentioned earlier, Mr. Wen Yiduo's impromptu speech when he presided over Li Gongpu's memorial meeting was based on local materials and was highly targeted.He saw a small group of spies smoking, joking, and even making trouble for no reason at the venue. Therefore, when he made an impromptu speech, he complained: "Today, are there any spies here? You stand up! It's a hero who stands up!" Come out and speak out! Why do you want to kill Mr. Li?" Mr. Wen Yiduo's speech greatly deterred the arrogance of the spies.The speech has a strong pertinence, and a battle call can be done as soon as it is swayed.
Ideate quickly and draw up an outline.Although there is not much time to prepare for an impromptu speech, in any case, you should quickly conceive a simple speech outline in your mind around the topic.How to start at the beginning, what to talk about; the main part, talk about a few points of view.Summarize your point of view.List it with keywords and key sentences; how to say the beginning, main body, and ending, so that it has a bit, line, and face, and the outline is basically determined.
The biggest difficulty in impromptu speaking is that there is nothing to say, and it is difficult to say something.If you have nothing to say, you need to accumulate materials and have extensive knowledge; if you have nothing to say, the main reason is that you have not organized the materials and clarified the clues.
Impromptu speaking is something that is evoked by a specific scene and theme or suggested and prescribed by others.Its outstanding feature is immediacy, the gushing of passion and the flow of the soul; the burst of wisdom and the spark of thought; the display of knowledge and the externalization of ability.
Here are a few ways to assemble and transport examples:
Expansion method of broken bamboo shoots: center on the topic of speech and expand layer by layer.For example, the topic "Please be careful when crossing the road", you can first talk about the tragedy caused by carelessness, which leads to the lack of safety awareness when crossing the road carelessly, and then leads to the importance of enhancing safety awareness. I hope everyone abides by traffic rules.
This kind of assembly can make the whole orderly. Even if the subsections cannot be prepared immediately, there is a series of main lines, and the expression has something to say.
Pros and cons method: You can choose one or two positive examples around the topic, and then choose one or two negative examples.In this way, the front and back are staggered, and the material can be better organized.
Parallel combination method: If some impromptu speech topics are difficult to develop from a theoretical perspective, they can be combined with more examples.In the case of many cases, these cases can be queued up for a while, and then said one by one in chronological order or position, and then properly summarized to rise to rationality.
Layer-by-layer progressive method: When expressing some short impromptu speeches, you can use conjunctions to connect materials to develop ideas.For example, the question "Manly Style" can use the following ideas to form materials: not only what can a man be, but also what can be done, what can be done, and what should be done.This allows the material to gather without falling apart.
Longitudinal scanning method: closely follow the topic or situation, organize materials in chronological order from a vertical perspective: what happened in the past, what is happening now, and what will happen in the future.
When using the above methods, it is necessary to cross-coordinate, and the single use often fails to achieve results.Of course, when using this method, it is necessary to cooperate with the accumulation of knowledge and various experiences.
The reason why Guilin's landscape is the best in the world is that its green hills are faint, the green water is far away, and the mountains are strange and the water is melodious. Impromptu speeches are similar to them.Going straight and going straight, the plain and straightforward narrative is just like the plain landscape, no one appreciates it.
When speaking impromptu, in order to better explain their claims and viewpoints, the expresser can deliberately intersperse some jokes, anecdotes, stories, etc., so that the content is well-arranged, vivid and more attractive to the audience.
For example, a company wants to promote an engineer to the chief engineer, and there are many opinions among the leaders.The objection is that the engineer was punished for violating discipline when he was studying in middle school.Faced with this mentality, the Director of Personnel interspersed a joke in his speech: "...Once upon a time, there was a man named Ai Zi who once went out on a boat, and the boat was moored by the river. Crying. After careful questioning, it turned out that a group of aquariums were crying. Aizi asked: "Why are you crying?" The aquariums all said: "The Dragon King has ordered that all aquariums with tails must be killed. We all have tails." Yes, that’s why I’m crying.’ Aizi listened and expressed deep sympathy. But when he saw it, he found that a toad was also crying. He was very surprised, so he asked, “Why are you crying? You don’t have a tail.” The toad replied Said: 'I'm afraid that the Dragon King will track down my past as a tadpole!'" Everyone agreed with laughter.Although the interlude technique is difficult to master, once it is used well, it can enliven the atmosphere, arouse the audience's emotions, and make the expression smooth.The ingenious use of interspersed techniques is due to the expresser's rich knowledge and flexible on-the-spot response.The interspersed content should not digress far away from the topic, it should be authentic, reliable, elegant and popular, able to demonstrate viewpoints and explain problems.
A concise and simple style will increase the affinity of the speaker, shorten the psychological distance with the audience, and be clear and easy to understand. The speech effect will naturally be significantly improved.What really attracts and impresses the audience is the truth, the truth, and what is in the heart, and those who have heard enough and are tired of hearing it are the big words, stereotypes, and lies.At the inauguration welcome meeting, a leading cadre took into account that he did not understand the situation of the new unit, so he did not involve the "government program" in his impromptu inauguration speech, but spoke the truth from his heart.Unexpectedly, the five-minute inaugural speech won warm applause and left a good impression on the masses.This incident tells us: no matter when and where you make an impromptu speech, you must proceed from the reality of the local area, your department, your unit, yourself, and the scene.Talk more about what the audience cares about and what they want to hear, express the attitude of the leading organs, and come up with practical methods and measures.Don't deliberately list gorgeous rhetoric and pursue fashionable viewpoints, but firmly grasp the hot and difficult issues that the masses care about, and can solve practical problems.Never put on airs and be domineering.The eyes of the masses are discerning, and they will not agree with those false and forged words.
Extemporaneous speech is the most taboo to repeat other people's views, which requires novelty and practical issues at the same time.It also requires the spokesperson to be good at understanding and mastering the psychological situation of the masses, grasping the practical issues that the masses care about, choosing the right angle and timing to cut in, so that what they say meets the requirements of the times and the needs of the masses, so that the speech can be targeted and let the masses Feel close, real, credible, feasible.For example, when a new county party secretary took office, he made an impromptu speech at a meeting held in the county. He said: "My origin is in Changsha, where I have studied and worked for many years. It is my first hometown. From yesterday to the county From here, I am a citizen of the county (audience applause). Now, not only am I a citizen of the county, but also the household registration relationship of my wife and children have been transferred. It should be said that they are also a member of everyone (audience Applause). I came here to work. This is my second hometown, my home. It is a home, and only by first settling down can I make a good home, build my hometown well, and let the folks in my hometown live a good life ( Applause from the audience). I believe that as long as our leaders at all levels share weal and woe with the people and work together, we will be able to overcome all kinds of difficulties and build our hometown well." (Warm applause from the audience) The impromptu speech of the secretary of the county party committee, It is really simple and unpretentious, but with ups and downs and cadences, it left a deep and good first impression on the masses, and received a wonderful effect of turning the plain into novelty.
It is a basic requirement for a speaker to make a speech understandable.If the speaker keeps a straight face, shows off his rhetoric, and uses some difficult vocabulary to play tricks on the audience, it will only make the audience stay away.Talking like this is a waste of time.In the process of speaking, try to use the most easy-to-understand and vivid language to express your meaning, so that the audience feels relaxed and friendly, and the speaker's reasoning is easy to be understood and accepted by people.
Easy to understand is not the pursuit of vulgarity, here is a problem that varies from person to person. "What song to sing on what mountain" should be based on the age, quality, knowledge level, and social background of the audience, using various expressions flexibly, choosing words and arranging sentences, supplemented by a natural and appropriate tone, and a friendly and easy-going tone to achieve mutual communication. Thought, purpose of communication relationship.
Not only to let others understand, but also to make others love to listen, which is inseparable from the language characteristics of the speaker.Vivid images and humorous language can arouse the enthusiasm of the audience, mobilize the atmosphere of the venue, and even form a small climax.The language is vivid, and you can work hard on sentence patterns and rhetoric.The use of parallel sentence patterns often produces a grand and overwhelming expression effect.The following is a famous passage from Chairman Mao's report "On the Tactics Against Japanese Imperialism" when discussing the great significance of the Red Army's Long March:
"Speaking of the Long March, what is the significance? We say that the Long March is the first time in history. The Long March is a declaration, the Long March is a propaganda team, and the Long March is a planter. Has there ever been a long march like ours? During the twelve months, dozens of planes in the sky reconnaissance and bombed every day, and hundreds of thousands of underground troops chased and intercepted them. We encountered countless difficulties and obstacles on the way, but we activated everyone With two feet, we drove more than 20,000 miles across eleven provinces. Has there ever been a long march like ours in history? No, never.”
The parallelism of this passage and the combination and changes of questioning sentences constitute its distinctive language characteristics, giving people a sense of majesty, grandeur, and sonorous force.
Deliberately using some effective rhetorical methods in the speech will also have a good effect on the elaboration of opinions and the expression of meaning.Sometimes, a wonderful and appropriate metaphor can make a complex truth appear very concise and clear, which is why people often feel that certain speeches sound plain and simple, but they are intriguing, and the more they think about them, the more real and fresh they feel, with profound implications.Comrade Deng Xiaoping is quick in thinking, vivid in speech, and can be called a master. For example, his famous saying "It doesn't matter whether a cat is black or white, as long as it catches mice" has long been a well-known aphorism in China, and has penetrated into the thinking of Chinese people. and soul.
An impromptu speech has a good beginning, good content, and a good result, which can achieve a good expression effect.At the end, it needs to be more powerful, not lengthy and procrastinated, let alone superfluous, but stop abruptly when the words are unnecessary or reach a climax, so as to leave a deep impression on the audience and leave room for aftertaste.For example, after the Wright brothers in the United States successfully flew a powered plane into the blue sky, people repeatedly invited their elder brother Wilbur to speak at a welcome reception in France. He said impromptuly: "As far as we know, only parrots, and parrots can’t fly high.” This philosophical extemporaneous speech won long applause from the participants and is still praised by the world.
On the contrary, some leaders always like to add a few words at the end of their speech: "I didn't have time to prepare my speech today, so I didn't make it well. Please forgive me." , Do you still hope the audience's approval?This kind of self-depreciation is not advisable.
There are many ways to end impromptu speeches, such as ending with passionate words, ending with a short conclusion summarizing the whole article, ending with words of praise, ending with famous sayings and epigrams, ending with poems and poems, ending with humorous language and appeals, etc.No matter which method is used, it should be clean and neat, and play the role of reproducing the theme and gathering the whole article.
There is an old saying in the theater: "You can know the ability of the yamen from the spirit of going on and off the stage." Although this sentence refers to actors, it is also very applicable to speakers.This sentence tells people to attach great importance to the beginning and the end.
The conclusion is an important part of impromptu speech, and the exquisite conclusion can make the speech receive unexpected effects.Under normal circumstances, the ending should not be long and procrastinated, let alone superfluous, but should stop abruptly when the words are unnecessary or reach a climax, so as to give the audience a feeling of lingering and endless aftertaste.At the end, try to achieve emotional integration with the audience and resonate with the audience.On the premise of keeping a good sense of proportion, put forward hopes, requirements and suggestions with enthusiasm.The passionate ending has a lot of motivation, especially some mobilizing speeches, which can inspire and inspire people.Just like watching a football game, scoring a goal at the beginning and advancing a goal at the end, the emotions and effects of the fans are very different.
The editor-in-chief of the American Saturday Evening Post, Mr. Luo Zimu said: "When I publish the article in the most popular place, it will be over, but in the speech, when the audience reaches the happiest point, you should try to end it earlier! "
Lincoln's second inauguration speech closing speech has always been talked about by people, he said:
"Mainline to no one, tolerance to all; justice, as God has made us to know justice. Let us continue to do what we are doing now, to bind up the nation's wounds, and to care for those who bear the burden of war burdened, caring for their orphans and widows—everything that will bring about a just and lasting peace among us, and in our relations with all nations, we shall do."
This ending is worthy of being a classic.Clean, concise, powerful, humane and provocative.In a speech by Mr. Lao She, he said at the beginning: "I will talk about six issues for you today." Then he talked about the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth in an orderly manner. Time was running out, so he raised his voice and said, "Sixth, the meeting is adjourned." The audience was taken aback for a moment, and then applauded happily. Everyone admired Mr. Lao She's humor very much.Mr. Lao She knew that it was time for the end of the meeting, so he didn't talk according to what he had prepared, but chose the right time to stop it abruptly, which was both humorous and agile.
When the speech needs to be interrupted for various reasons, you still talk non-stop and step by step, which will inevitably arouse the audience's disgust.At this time, you should try to stop the speech immediately, so that you will get the understanding and praise of the audience.
What is "inspiration"?It refers to the association and daydream of touching the scene to make people feel emotional, from one after another or seeing birds and thinking about pigeons.This situation is often encountered in seminars, banquets, and parties.A speech or sentence from a lecturer or a talker is associated and arouses feelings, or memories evoked when seeing an old classmate, old colleague, old subordinate or superior; or excited by alcohol, Emotions are rushing, the floodgates of words are opened, and so on.This kind of "inspired" speech usually depends on the occasion and situation, and should be humorous, interesting, joyful, and the tone and atmosphere are appropriate.We must grasp the four elements of simplicity, decency, elegance, and fun.Don't make a slip of the tongue after drinking, don't say that kind of disappointing talk or long-winded nonsense or bad talk.
When invited to speak, first, you should be humble, second, you should speak something beneficial to the public, and third, you should fully assess the objective requirements of the audience.The fourth is to be short and concise when speaking words that are popular with others.
"Humility" is to speak appropriate humble language to the master (unit, group).Such as thanking the host for his hospitality, praising the host's achievements, good deeds, personal style and spiritual morality, etc.
"Speak what is good for your hearers."It means that the content of the speech can enable the audience to gain ideological enlightenment and intellectual enlightenment. We must pay attention to the speaker's self-image and the appeal of beauty, not only to convince people with reason, but also to appear on the forum with emotion and "model" superior.
"Fully estimate the objective requirements of the audience".That is to say, if the audience needs bread, you should not describe how beautiful heaven is; if the audience needs comfort, you should not provoke them; …
"Be concise, don't be empty-handed."Generally speaking, if one sentence can be finished, don't use two or three sentences, or even chatter endlessly with empty words, big words and nonsense.After achieving the above four points, if you can use your speech skills artistically, then your invitation to speak will be successful.
An impromptu speech when asked a question, usually in a meeting, court or academic discussion, defense meeting, it is mostly a passive speech.This kind of speech is limited by the content or topic of the question, so it is easy to grasp in terms of the scope of the speech.This kind of reply-style speech should be question-and-answer, asking questions and answering questions, and explaining the questions that need to be answered in a clear, complete and clear way.If it is questioned, then the "doubt" lies and give an answer that is in line with the facts and with sufficient reasons.If it is a defense in court, explain the time, place, people present, the course of the facts, etc. of the issues involved, or state your reasons for defense.If it is an academic defense or explanation, then you should use scientific methods to discuss or clarify your point of view or research results. If you encounter esoteric and difficult problems, you can explain them in easy-to-understand figurative language... …that way, you will be able to explain exactly what you are answering.
Impromptu speech that must be explained This kind of impromptu speech is usually a question, a kind of explanatory speech in which a matter is misunderstood or misinterpreted, and the masses or audience do not understand or do not know the truth.This kind of impromptu speech can not only point out and correct the truth of other people's problems, but also defend oneself or others to achieve the purpose of clarifying the facts.This kind of explanation and justification, one is to tell the facts clearly, to clarify the truth, and use the facts to explain the problem; Otherwise, it will be counterproductive and complicate the problem that should be easy to explain, which will make the audience disgusted.
Impromptu speeches during visits are often active or passive speeches based on knowledge and perception after witnessing the scene.It is possible to explain and praise the successful experience, good working methods, and scientific management of the visited unit, or to thank the host for his hospitality.这种发言，感情应真挚，情调应高昂，语气应谦逊，言词应优美，注意不要流露出傲慢味，或别人不如自己的优越感等等。
集会时的即席发言，若是政治性的集会，宜用激昂、热烈和信心百倍的情调言语；若是纪念性的集会，气氛需要悲沉的，就应用沉重的调子，对伟人、名人、要人的功绩加以追述和赞扬，指出其价值和意义、继承和发扬等等的意向来。一般地说，“集会”总是以政治性的居多，所以这类发言应以鼓动性为宜。让听众能按着大会提出的号召去努力实现奋斗的目标。
即席发言的场合和形式远远不止这些。但不论何类何样，你只须把握住：你面前的场景是喜庆的，你就讲“喜庆话”，喜庆话应讲得欢快些；如你面前的场景是激昂的，你就讲“激昂话”，激昂话的调子应热烈些；如果你面前的气氛是愤怒的，你就讲“愤怒话”，愤怒话应讲得火气大些……如果对象是青年人，你就讲“青年话”，青年话应讲得有情趣些；对象是农民，你就讲“农民话”，农民话要讲得憨厚些；对象的层次是复杂的，你就讲综合性的“折中话”，或分别述说各类“行业话”。这种话应讲得客观些、温情些、友爱些、动听些……如果你再能把握住简短、明晰、得体、不拖宕、不老生常谈、不唔唔吭吭，这样，你的即席发言便会意趣横生，深受听众欢迎……