Chapter 17 Author Chronology

Born in November 1821 in a family of ordinary medical officers in Moscow.Both parents are devout Christians. In 1834, he entered a private boarding school in Moscow to study. In 1838, he entered the Petersburg Military Engineering Academy to study, during which he developed a deep interest in literature. Graduated from the Petersburg Military Engineering Academy in 1843, was awarded the rank of warrant officer, and worked in the Drawing Department of the Engineering Bureau of the Petersburg Engineering Corps. In 1844, he resigned from public office and devoted himself to literary creation.Translated and published Balzac's novel "Eugenie Grandet".

1845-1846 Completed his debut novel "The Poor", which attracted the attention of the literary world. Belinsky praised the novel as "the origin of Russian social novels".Completed the creation of "Double Personality" and "Mr. Prokhalchin", but these two novels have not been recognized by the public and the literary world. In 1847, he completed the novel "The Landlady", which was severely attacked by Belinsky; due to differences in ideas, he gradually alienated Belinsky and joined the famous Russian Petrashevsky group at that time. The group promoted the ideas of French utopian socialist Fourier.

Completed in 1848, "The Fragile Heart", "Christmas Tree and Wedding" and other novels. In 1849, he read Belinsky's "Letter to Gogol" at a group meeting. Because the letter was full of arrogant remarks against the authorities and the Orthodox Church, he was arrested together with other members of the group and sentenced to death. .After the pre-sentence ceremony was held, the sentence was changed to 4 years of hard labor. Released after serving his sentence in February 1854, he served in the Siberian Semipalatinsk frontier army. In 1857, he married the 29-year-old widow Isef.

In 1859, after regaining his military rank and restoring the title of nobility, he retired from the army and returned to Petersburg to recreate.Published the novellas "Uncle's Dream" and "The Village of Stepanchikovo and Its Residents". In 1861, he co-founded the "Contemporary" magazine with his brother to promote his views.Completed the novel "The Bullied and Insulted"; published his own artistic manifesto - "Mr. Bove and Art Issues". In 1862, he created and published the short story "Unpleasant Accident" and the autobiographical novel "Notes on the House of the Dead". The publication of "Notes on the House of the Dead" restored his earlier reputation in the literary world.Xia Tian left Russia to go to Western Europe for medical treatment.

Returning from Western Europe in 1863, he published the famous feature "Impressions of Summer in Winter". Contemporain was seized for publishing a radical article by Strahov. In 1864, he founded a new magazine "Time" with his brother. The first issue of the magazine published his novella "Notes from Underground", which was regarded as a philosophical introduction to his later series of great works; his wife died of illness. In 1866, he completed the short story "The Gambler" and the novel, the publication of which marked the peak of his creation and won him worldwide acclaim.

In 1867, he married the 22-year-old stenographer Snitky.This is a marriage with true love.After marriage, the two went abroad to settle down. From 1868 to 1869, he completed the novel "The Idiot". In 1872, he completed the novel.This work was considered to have some heretical tendencies, so it caused controversy at the beginning of its publication. In January 1873 he became editor of the conservative weekly The Citizen. In February 1874, he resigned from his post as editor and began to publish his own works. In 1876, the novel "Youth" was serialized in the leftist journal "Motherland Chronicle" published by the poet Nekrasov.Independent founder and editor-in-chief of the monthly "Writer's Diary", most of the content is his perception of major historical facts, literary memoirs and literary reviews, essays and short stories, among which the best works are the novels "Docile Women" and "A Ridiculous Dream ".

1879-1880 Completion of his last novel, which is considered the greatest work of his life. On January 28, 1881, died of illness in Petersburg.