Chapter 10 -3

To understand this discrepancy, we first have to put aside the perception of animals cultivated by civilized life and urban social life.It can be said that most sexual divergences are the direct product of civilized life and urban social life, or at least some manifestations of the casual adaptation of sexual impulses to this life.But bestiality is not the case, except for one type of bestiality, which is described below.It is a sexual perversion among the backwoods peasants, low-minded, insensitive, gratified elements.It is also found in the more primitive and simple population.A rough man in the field, who has neither the attention of women nor the ability to woo them himself, naturally develops this distaste.In some relatively simple and uneducated societies, because it is commonplace, it is not regarded as an obscene habit at all.Even in Sweden, it was not until the end of the twelfth century that secular local laws counted it as a crime, and the crime was not serious, and the person who committed the crime was only responsible to the owner of the animal. , just pay some compensation.In simpler peoples, such as the Salish (a type of Indian) in British Columbia in western Canada, they believe that animals are not inferior to human beings in terms of life status, and their value is not inferior to human beings. Therefore, even if bestiality occurs, the offender is not despised by others, and it is not considered a crime at all.

The reason why this kind of so-called bestiality is so common is that there are three causes and conditions. ① Primitive and uneducated society differs in the concept of life from that of civilized society. It does not recognize any great boundaries between humans and other animals, especially higher animals. ②The relationship between farmers and this kind of animals must be relatively close, and the relationship must be relatively strong. Sometimes coupled with the lack of access to women and the difficulty of establishing a family life, this relationship and relationship will inevitably develop further.

③The legends and superstitions of many ethnic groups also impel impetus. For example, false claims that mating with animals can cure venereal diseases and so on. Even in the countryside of today's civilized countries, bestiality is still an uncommon phenomenon.It's no wonder.An uneducated farmer, with his insensitive senses and naturally weak discrimination, and his requirements for the opposite sex are only superficial, he is actually not afraid of the sexual difference between a man and an animal. will be very embarrassed.A German farmer explained himself in front of a judge: "My wife hasn't been at home for a long time. I had no other choice, so I went to find the sow at home." It can be said that it is very natural, and the explanation of the facts is enough, and there is no need for any other defense.From this standpoint, bestiality is not much different from masturbation and other temporary sexual gratification methods, which are expedient methods of last resort.We don't have to be strict with each other, because it is a big divergence of sexual impulse.The frontline soldiers who have been abstinent for a long time also often have bestiality. This happened in the army of ancient times, medieval times and recent European wars, and most of the animals mentioned in the legends are female goats.

However, there are more bestiality among peasants, apart from being insensitive and inaccessible to women, another important reason is that they have a particularly close relationship with animals.From the standpoint of a farmer, his daily relationship with his livestock or domestic animals is not only no more alienated than that of his neighbors and ordinary human beings, but closer. A farmer and his livestock share a house, which is the most common thing in the countryside. a situation. There are many types of animals that have been used as bestiality objects in ancient and modern times, and there are naturally men and women who use these animals.The uses of livestock are naturally very great. It can be said that every kind of livestock has been used for this purpose.The most utilized is the female pig.There are also many examples of female horses, female cows, and female donkeys.Examples of using dogs, cats, and rabbits are also occasionally encountered.Hens, ducks, and geese are not uncommon either.In China, it is said that geese are used a lot.Aristocratic women in ancient Rome are said to be particularly fond of using snakes.Even bears and crocodiles have been documented.The prevalence of bestiality in the local area is due to the existence of a complex psychology, that is, the psychology of hatred is mixed with some mysterious and blasphemous horror psychology.The attitudes of the law are different, and the severity of the punishment is also very different. The lightest punishment is limited to the death penalty, and the heaviest is the severe death penalty for both humans and beasts.In the Middle Ages and Europe after the Middle Ages, there were quite a lot of cases of bestiality. We can fully see this from the titles commonly used by priests or priests in their sermons, and this was still the case until the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.Regarding this level, we have some more meaningful circumstantial evidence, that is, the church law at that time also believed that it was necessary to stipulate various punishments in this regard. Bishops, priests and priests who committed the crime of bestiality had to go through a certain period of repentance. In general, the higher the position, the longer the period.

The punishment for bestiality is extremely severe in some peoples, no doubt because this kind of people regards bestiality, bestiality or sodomy as a heinous sin.And from a religious standpoint, it is the most terrible of all sins.As for its actual damage to society and individuals, it is another matter.The Jews are most afraid of bestiality, so they advocate that all offenders and violated animals should be punished with death.In Europe in the Middle Ages, especially in France, this kind of severe punishment was also popular for a while.There have been records of cases where criminals were sentenced to torture together with sows, cows, or donkeys.In Toulouse, France, a woman was burned to death for having sex with a dog.

Even down to the seventeenth century, a very accomplished jurist still believed that this judgment was reasonable.Even today, social and legal attitudes towards bestiality have not been completely reformed, and have not fully taken into account the fact discussed above, that is, anyone who has such abnormal behavior is either mentally ill or mentally deficient to a certain extent. The degree is often not very different from that of low-energy people.Another point we have to refer to is that there are a few cases where there are cruel injuries to animals, or they are related to the phenomenon of sadism discussed below.In addition, bestiality is in fact not a direct anti-social behavior. The German sexual psychologist Worrell is right that as long as there is no cruelty involved, bestiality "is the least harmful form of sexual impulse." pathological divergence".

● Section 6 Kleptomania Since the 18th century, there has been a term in the West called "kleptomania", which was originally regarded as a type of "monomania".But this term has never been recognized by the medical profession, as for the legal circle, it is also denied.When the term is used occasionally, it refers to nothing more than an impulse to steal.A kleptomaniac steals more or less automatically on a whim, not only without a conscious motive, but when he does, the person (usually always a woman) is struggling.Those who study psychosis consider it to be closest to manic-depressive insanity.

The recent trend in psychiatry is to drop the term altogether.However, although the term is problematic, the phenomenon it refers to is very real.When a man with a morbid impulse to steal is brought to court and the judge hears his defense, the judge can playfully reply, "If this man is sick, I will treat the sickness." Don't know the truth of the matter.This impulse is really a well-defined state of mind, not just a general paranoid tendency; it has a history, and the origin can be clearly traced.From our standpoint it is a phenomenon within the sphere of sexual psychology.In sexual psychology, some people call it "erotic kleptomania" (erotic kleptomania), but a simpler and more appropriate name may be "kleptolagnia" (kleptolagnia).The term was coined by Kiernan, a psychiatrist in Chicago, USA around 1917.From the point of view of linking the behavior of stealing with sexual emotions, this noun can be said to be most appropriate. It is consistent with the nouns of sadomasochism or pain love discussed in the eighth section below, referring to the connection between sex and stealing behavior. Sadomasochism refers to the association of sex with sadistic or masochistic behavior.At that time, the author quickly adopted this term, and I have always believed that it is the most appropriate term to refer to this state.Another state that is relatively rare to encounter is formerly known as "erotic pyromania" in Western language, and it may also be called "flaming love" in Western language as "pyrolagnia".The first recorded instance of secret love seems to have been written by Lacassagne of Lyon, France, in 1896.

Secret love and sadomasochism are not only similar in terms of nouns, but also related in nature.Stealing love can be said to be built on a broader basis of sadomasochism.The nexus of sexual emotion in sadomasochism is pain.The connection of the neutral emotion of stealing love is a kind of fear, and the fear is not a kind of pain.Such a view has been mentioned by many observers before, but they are not very clear.It was not until the beginning of the twentieth century that some French psychiatrists, such as Depouy (Depouy), clarified some examples of secret love in 1905, and this view was established.And the sexual meaning of secret love is fully revealed.These psychiatrists tell us that the psychological process of secret love is actually the sexual process of accumulating desire and liberating desire, but after a symbolic transformation, it becomes a paranoid impulse, and this impulse, when active, , there must be some resistance and struggle.The result of the activity is the theft of a very worthless thing, often a piece of silk or some other similar material, which is useless, so to speak, except for possible sexual excitement.The inner resistance and struggle is equivalent to the process of accumulating desires.We all know that in the ordinary process of accumulating desires, there are many elements of resistance and struggle.The last resort of stealing is equivalent to the process of libido.We all know that in some cases of stealing love, when the stealing is successful, it will really have a liberating effect and achieve emotional catharsis.As for the stolen things, they either hid them aside or discarded them completely. It was really a donation.The person who steals love is usually a woman, and often a woman with considerable wealth. It can be seen that her purpose of stealing is definitely not for things, but for other purposes.Such a woman may not be aware of the sexuality of stealing, may not be aware of it, and even if she is, she will not automatically admit it.Therefore, we can know that stealing love is not actually a kind of "stealing madness". Although the two were often confused in the past, we can see it clearly now.Theoretically, "stealing madness" is considered to have no motive, and it is also irresistible; while stealing love has its own definite motive, regardless of whether the motive is conscious or not, it goes without saying that this motive is not stealing other people's belongings.At the same time, the act of stealing cannot be said to be irresistible, because the person involved is always well prepared, and when the opportunity comes and the environment is suitable, he will do it quickly.

Generally, although 9 out of 10 people who are secretly in love are somewhat abnormal in their nerves, they do not necessarily have a serious mental illness.Secret love is by no means a mental illness.Therefore, it cannot be compared with the "stealth madness" that has actually become a thing of the past, but should be completely classified within the scope of sexual psychology.We might as well regard stealing love as a more pathological form of sexual fetishism. In addition to stealing love, there is also a mixture of sexual impulse and stealing behavior. Although these are not unrelated to stealing love, they should not be confused with stealing love as we know it. less love.

These phenomena were especially described by Stekel in 1908.Stealing in this phenomenon is not sexual.In other words, stealing does not become a means of sexual gratification.Stealing is also not a fetish, but any object that ostensibly provides sexual interest or suggestiveness.Stealing such a thing, most of the parties involved are also women, and it is better than nothing to get some sexual satisfaction. Most of these women usually feel a lot of emotional inhibition because their husbands do not lift their penis; the theft of a sexually suggestive thing To her, it is more or less useful to hope that the plum can quench her thirst, and it has no other meaning.Stuart used this phenomenon to explain all the examples of "knife madness".But if we no longer admit the existence of "Kleptomaniacs", this explanation will not be needed at all.As for the fact that this phenomenon is neither fetish nor secret love, it is obvious that there is no need to explain it. Another phenomenon of mixing sexual emotion and stealing behavior was once described by the American criminal psychologist Healy, and there are also examples to prove it.Young men and women around the age of the germination of spring machine, on the one hand, are tempted by sex, and on the other hand, they are deeply aware of the heinousness of this temptation, and dare not give up on themselves.So he turned to the lesser crime of theft.The psychological process behind this phenomenon can be said to be exactly the opposite of the psychological process of stealing love, because the same is the practice of stealing.In secret love, its purpose is the real or symbolic satisfaction of sexual desire, and the phenomenon described by Hirsch is the evasion of this kind of satisfaction. ● Section 7 Another symbolic manifestation of naked love is naked love.This is a serious problem in adults.In childhood, it was an innocent behavior, not abnormal.Several writers have told us that during puberty, and even adulthood, many men and women have an urge to display themselves, including developing sexual organs (which in women, especially It is not surprising that this tendency to self-importance is naturally inherited from childhood.Freud mentioned that the youngest children will feel elated when they are naked; before going to bed, after undressing, they always like to jump on the bed for a while, and when jumping, they often take off their lower body clothes. Push away, even in the presence of strangers.According to Freund, this is a memory of the Paradise era. Paradise is lost, but the original scene has not been completely forgotten.Although this kind of reminiscence has generally disappeared after the age of spring germination, it is often possible to reveal it, but it is not quite normal because it is more or less subject to the sanction of the will.If it is not sanctioned, it will become a pathological paranoid behavior (obsesLsion), that is naked love.Adults often have dreams in which they feel naked or lightly clothed, which Putnam believes is a sign of potential naked love.The author cannot accept this view.Platts did not realize that when we sleep, we are already naked or semi-naked, and there is no waiting for the song of dreams to supplement.In childhood (it can be up to the age of twelve), it is also a common behavior to undress each other to check each other.Children have their own innocent interest in sex organs, and this behavior is mostly a manifestation of this interest.Sometimes, outside of interest, children occasionally use this to express some mischievous and rebellious psychology; but if it becomes a habit, there may be some hidden sexual motives, or it may be a part of some slight internal impulses that are groping for a way to vent. This expression, and possibly a substitute masturbation activity, should be treated like normal masturbation.In short, it cannot be regarded as naked love.When it comes to adults, naked love is a more definite symbol of sexual intercourse, and its methods are also diverse and can be grouped into several categories. In 1877, Lasegue in France was the first to describe the phenomenon of naked love, and the Western term for naked love is also different.Naked love is a kind of sexual symbolism.The person involved only needs to deliberately expose the sexual organs to people of the opposite sex, especially the young and sexually naive people of the opposite sex, often children of the opposite sex, to obtain the satisfaction equivalent to sexual intercourse.The phenomenon of naked love seems to be fairly common.Most women, at least once or twice in their lives, especially when they are young, encounter a man whom they do not know knowingly to show off to them.From the standpoint of sexual offenses, this is actually the most common form of offense.East (Norwood East) found in court and in Brixton Prison (Brixton Prisron) Of the 291 sex criminals detained here, as many as 101 committed this crime, which is called "indecent exposure" in Western criminal law.This number cannot be too large, as criminologists tell us.All sex offenders combined account for only about 4% of all prisoners. Although a naked lover is often a young man in the prime of life, he only needs to expose his sexual organs to get some emotional response from the other party, and he feels satisfied.He has no demands on the woman in front of him. He didn't speak much, nor did he ask to get closer to the woman.For the most part, he doesn't even show some excitement on the surface.He also rarely masturbates.As long as he has the opportunity to expose himself, and perceives or thinks that the woman in front of him has reacted emotionally, his wish will be fully realized. He has since walked away, full of ambition and peace of mind. The classification of nude love is very inconsistent among different schools.Maeder recognizes three types: one is childhood naked love, it is normal for children to look at other people's secrets and want others to see his secrets; The third is the naked love of the middle-aged, whose purpose is to seduce and attract people of the opposite sex. This kind of naked love may be quite different in other respects. Normal, but the sexual capacity is defective.Mei's classification may not be complete, but he has two good points: one is that sexuality is weak, and naked lovers are indeed lacking in sexual ability; second, although naked love is a kind of variation, it has its own normality Without this foundation, there would be no first type of childhood naked love.Kraft-Epping divides naked lovers into four categories from the medical perspective: (1) examples of acquired mental weakness, most of which have pathological conditions in the brain and spine, resulting in blurred consciousness and atrophy of performance; (2) Examples close to epilepsy, the naked love behavior is an abnormal organic impulse, and when this impulse manifests, the mind of the person involved is not completely clear; (3) Examples of neurasthenia similar to the second category (4) There are examples of periodic and relatively strong sexual impulses, and their congenital inheritance is deeply flawed.Nor is Klinefelter's classification entirely satisfactory.From a practical standpoint, East divides naked lovers into two categories: one is mentally ill, accounting for about two-thirds of all naked lovers, most of whom are dreamers and People with low energy; the second is those who are evil and have a tendency to commit crimes, and those who are harmful to others account for about one-third of the total.There is also a division into two categories, each of which is more complicated but has its uses.In terms of sexual psychology, the examples of the first category are more or less congenitally abnormal.In other respects, however, the mind and intellect are quite complete, even flawless.Most of these examples are middle-aged people who have not yet reached adulthood. They are not unaware of the behavior and purpose of naked love. Although they are impulsive, they will eventually show up in their behavior, but they always have to spend a lot of time beforehand. Resistance struggles.In the second category, either the intelligence and nerves have initially become sick, or the nerve centers have been corroded due to excessive drinking, and their perception and discrimination have been weakened.So in this second category we sometimes meet old people, such as old priests, etc., who may be very disciplined and invulnerable before they are old.But not at this age.When they are in naked love and the purpose of this kind of behavior, that is, why they want to do it.They are often not very conscious, and when they come impulsively, they often don't struggle.For such cases, as long as there is a considerable period of recuperation and treatment, health can be improved, and the behavior of naked love can be stopped.Therefore, the second type of problems is relatively simple, and only the first type is a kind of divergent change that has become a pattern.In cases of the second class, a more or less clear sexual motive cannot be said to be completely absent, but this motive lies precisely between the conscious and the unconscious, and its presence in the conscious world is not due to the motive itself. not because of the temporary or permanent loss of control of the higher nervous centers. There is more than one reason for this, but the more common one is alcoholism.Alcoholism has two effects, one is to cause confusion of mind and consciousness, and the other is to liberate latent lower-level behavior tendencies.Easter mentioned that as the consumption of alcohol in England decreased, so did the cases of "indecent exposure". In England and Wales in 1913 there were 866 such convicted men, but in 1923 there were only 548 in a larger population. In the case of epilepsy that Klein mentioned, he fainted during naked love.Therefore, in fact, it can only be regarded as a fake naked love or a virtual naked love.Some people think that there are many such examples, but it is not.East failed to find one of the 150 people who had a naked relationship.Among them are not people without epilepsy, but they don't have naked love when they have epilepsy, and they don't go crazy when they have naked love.Therefore, he said that based on his experience, there are some such examples that are more fun to join in the fun, but not necessarily if there are many.However, among people suffering from epilepsy, there is no doubt that real naked love or virtual naked love can occur.The Italian scholar Beranda (Pelanda) clearly put forward this example many years ago in Verona (Verona).Therefore, we can only say that there are not many such examples, but we cannot say that there are no such cases.At the same time, we should not assume that all acts of naked love are unconscious because people with epilepsy have naked love.If an act of naked love is also a real act of epilepsy, then this kind of naked love is fake, virtual, without conscious sexual background, and its occurrence is not limited by time and place, nor Depending on the number of people present.People suffering from epilepsy sometimes defecate in front of the public when they are ill. It seems to be intentional, but in fact it is unconscious.This is exactly the same kind of behavior as his naked love, which is automatic, unconscious, and involuntary like a machine.He wouldn't even see if there were spectators nearby.Therefore, this naked love is fake and virtual.Not true; real bare-bones exposure is conscious, deliberate, and painstaking.Therefore, if we encounter naked love, on the one hand, there is a choice of time and place, and on the other hand, there is a limit on the number of spectators.It is mostly a secluded place, with only one or two girls or children present.We cannot admit that the person in naked love is suffering from unconscious and involuntary epilepsy. Even if the person is really a person with epilepsy, we dare to say that he is definitely not in the state of seizures at that time. From a legal point of view, epileptic virtual nude love is obviously irresponsible, and we can certainly put it aside.But we must also remember that even in real naked love, most of the parties involved are neuropathic and have some high-level intellectual disorders, or are even completely sick.This is the common denominator of all divergent species.But for naked love, this is probably more important than any other category.Therefore, a person who makes "obscene exposure" should be referred to a specialist before being punished by law.Hirschfeld believes that no naked lover is psychologically normal.In some cases, the urge to fall in love can be overcome or dissipate on its own after a while.This is probably because naked love has a somewhat different history.Or due to alcoholism, or due to other reasons, the high-level nerve center of the party temporarily lost the ability to sanction.But it is temporary, so it may be recoverable after recuperation and treatment.If this temporary phenomenon occurs in youth, there is a more natural tendency to recover in later age.An example is the masochistic Rousseau, who recounts that once or twice in his childhood he watched from a distance a young woman exposing her ass. Several years ago, the author traveled through Moravia, which belonged to Austria before the First World War and then belonged to the Czech Republic. On the train, the author saw a young woman bathing in a small river near the railway. When the train drove in front of her After a while, she turned around and lifted up the shirt around her lower body, exposing her buttocks.Here, we must remember that exposing the buttocks was originally a way to ward off evil spirits in ancient times, but in later generations, it has degenerated into a gesture of contempt and disdain, which is especially used by women. ) among women, except in childhood, genuine naked love is extremely rare.Bryan (Douglas Bryan) said it well, when a woman has naked love, she exposes her whole body as if it were a man's penis.This is actually more difficult, but it is difficult, so it is rare.On the surface, the naked lover's exposure behavior seems to be very boring and meaningless, and most people don't notice it, thinking that it must be a kind of behavior of madness, which cannot be explained. "Evil" writers have all had this view, and I am afraid there are still such writers today.This view is excessive, although we also admit that some extreme examples are often related to mental illness, or indeed a sexual pathology. The author's opinion is that naked love is fundamentally a symbolic act, and its motivation and starting point is courtship. In short, it is still an act of courtship at all, but it is not going the right way.A man in naked love shows off his genitals to a woman he meets, and observing what kind of shock his sudden action has on the woman, a kind of shy reaction of being out of place, makes him get emotional Sexual satisfaction seems to be the same as that given by normal sexual intercourse.He felt that mentally he had once violated a woman's virginity. From this standpoint, naked love is comparable to, and indeed related to, another, more mundane urge. There are many people who like to make some indecent and gaffe actions, or tell some obscene stories and jokes in front of the young and innocent opposite sex, and observe the other party's reaction.This kind of behavior is actually not a kind of naked love behavior. Its motivation is the same as the satisfaction it seeks, that is, it also wants to witness the emotional embarrassment of others and profit from it.However, Naike believes that naked love is just a kind of sadomasochistic love.To embarrass, to panic, is a sadistic act.This is too simple to see naked love, we beg to agree.Obscene exposure and obscene speech, although two different kinds of naked love, can also be found in a naked lover. It is worth mentioning here, and it is very interesting, that the active whipping behavior in sadomasochism and naked love behavior are comparable in terms of symbolic meaning.A whipper holds a stick or whip (which itself is a symbol of the penis, and in some ethnic languages, nouns such as whips and sticks are often the title of the penis) approaching a woman, and wants to use it on her body. The secret part gets a little flush like a shy face, and the spasmodic quivering of the muscles (which is a common phenomenon in sexual arousal) is to be observed at the place where the whip is whipped, while at the same time And to make her react emotionally to this blush and trembling, that is, a shy reaction of surprise and joy, at least as long as the whip bearer thinks she has such a reaction, he is satisfied.It is also simulating sexual intercourse, this behavior of whipping is a step further than the behavior of revealing the color. First, the whipper has obtained the consent of the other party, and then he can have very close contact with the partially naked body of the other party. Naked lovers are not.There is a reason for the difference between these two kinds of people. Generally speaking, whippers are stronger than naked lovers, and they are also more normal in other physical and mental aspects.However, we should pay attention that what is said above is only a comparative theory, and it is by no means a conflation of the two phenomena.We must not regard naked lovers as a kind of sadistic lovers. We have already stated that we disagree with the opinions of Naik and others quoted above.As far as most naked lovers are concerned, the strength of their sexual drive is weak.Some have even entered the initial state of general paralysis, some have shown the symptoms of senile dementia, and some have gradually declined due to other reasons, such as chronic alcoholism. A circumstantial evidence of their weakness is that their chosen objects are often young girls. On the surface, the behavior of naked lovers may seem unassailable.But from the standpoint of psychology, it is not difficult to understand.A naked lover is usually a shy and timid person, and sometimes develops various naive characters. His revealing behavior is actually a strong reaction to his own character.Like him, fetishists are often timid, so Hirschfeld insists that there is often some fetish elements in naked love.He believes that there are two essential factors in the composition of all examples of naked love: one is the internal neuropathy factor, and the other is the external factor, which is often fetish.Because the objects that are enough to arouse the sexual interest of naked lovers will definitely be the subject’s face, and the most common one is the subject’s legs; children and elementary school girls are easy to become the targets of naked lovers, and Xi’s thinks that this is the reason Therefore, childhood attire often exposes the legs. Most naked lovers can evoke three kinds of reactions to each other: ① The woman ran away when she was frightened; Make a sound.Of the three, the last gave him the most satisfaction. There is also a relatively rare phenomenon of sexual symbolism that seems to be comparable to naked love, which is to splash some ink, acid compounds or other turbid objects on women's white clothes to obtain sexual satisfaction.Examples of this are recorded by Maul, Thdinot, Hirchfeld, and others.Shuono thinks it's a fetish.And a stain on a white dress is a fetish.This statement is not entirely correct.In my opinion, in most cases, the white dress itself was originally a fetish, but after being stained, it seems to be marked, and it is more worthy of attention.At the same time, the act of defilement and the intense emotions aroused in both parties by splashing are, from the standpoint of the fetishist, tantamount to a simulation of handing over; It is closer to naked love.This phenomenon can be related to another kind of behavior, that is, the lovers not only feel the shoes are cute, but often feel that the shoes stained with mud are even cuter, which is undoubtedly out of the same psychology.On the one hand, Breton loves women's neatness, but on the other hand, he especially loves women's feet, because he said: feet are the most difficult part of the body to keep clean.In common sense, these two kinds of love are contradictory, but in terms of the sexual psychology just discussed, they complement each other and cannot be separated. For active whipping behavior and the various manifestations discussed above, such as obscene words, splattering, etc., Garnier has a special term called "sadistic fetishism" (sadi- Fetishism) His reason is: this phenomenon is a mixed phenomenon of sadism and fetishism. The person concerned not only expresses a morbid attachment to a certain object, but also has an impulse towards it, and must be raped to some extent. It becomes this mixed phenomenon.However, from the standpoint of what we know about symbolic phenomena, I think this term is unnecessary.In these manifestations we do not find, in fact, two different states of mind, let alone a mixture of the two.What we have before us is only a mental state shared by several symbolic phenomena, but this state varies in degree of completeness and complexity. The process of treating naked love as a symbolic phenomenon involves another problem, that is, we need to know to what extent the naked lover can consciously notice the emotional reaction expressed by the other party.He wants to arouse the emotions of the other party, and in most cases, he hopes that the emotions should also have some pleasure for the other party himself, which seems to be beyond doubt.For various reasons, however, his own faculties of understanding and discrimination are inhibited or very inactive.Consequently, he is in fact unable to estimate accurately the impression his other party will have on him, as well as the general consequences of his actions.Or else, if his actions are completely dominated by a paranoid impulse, he will inevitably be dizzy, let alone the ability to estimate.就许多例子而说，他的理解力与辨别力只够让他自己相信此番举动给对方是有快感的，在别人和对方尽可以觉得他这种估计失诸过于一厢情愿，在他却决不这样想。所以，他在裸恋的时候，观众往往是一群下级的婢女之辈，表面上尽管捧场，实际上也许全无快感的反应可言。 不过一个裸恋者的欲望往往也不只于教对象起一些隔靴搔痒似的快感而已。 他要的是一些强烈情绪的反应，至于反应者感觉到愉快与否，是无关宏旨的一点。 所以，有的裸恋的男子，特别是身体瘦弱、形貌像女性、而精神上却有几分夸大倾向的分子，在裸恋的时候，不免费上很多的心思精力，为的是不鸣则已，一鸣惊人。他兴许特别选上一座礼拜堂来做他的用武之地。但人家在做礼拜的时候，他是不去的，因为他最怕群众集合的场所。大约总在晚钟初动时他才去，那时礼拜堂中只剩下少数的信女，三三两两地散布在堂上，跪着默祷。他特意挑上礼拜堂，目的倒决不在亵读神明。这一点，就大多数的裸恋者而言，是毫无可疑的。 不过他认为从他的举动与所希望的影响设想，礼拜堂的环境似乎是最合理想的。 有一位常到礼拜堂的裸恋者自己承认说：“为了交换一些印象，礼拜堂的环境真是恰到好处。”“她们看见我之后，到底在想些什么呢？她们看见我之后，彼此之间又说些什么话呢？唉，我真想知道！”加尼埃所治疗的例子中，也有一个常到礼拜堂去的裸恋者。他对加氏所说的一番话最足以表示这种心理。他说：“您问我为什么喜欢到礼拜堂去么？这我也很难回答。不过我知道只有在礼拜堂里我的举动才会产生最深长的意义。在那里的每一个妇女和平常不同。她是在极虔敬的态度之中，她的心是虚一以静的，因此，她一定会了解，我在这种场合下有这种举动决不是开玩笑，决不是一个俗子村夫不知廉耻的秽亵行为。她也一定知道，我到那里去，目的也决不在自寻快乐；我的目的要比自寻快乐严重得多！我要看那些小姐太太们，见了我的器官之后，脸上究竟发生一些什么变化。我指望着她们会表示一番极深刻的内心的愉悦。我更希望她们会情不自禁地对自己说：”看到这里才知道造化是何等的庄严伟大呀！'“在这里，我们也很清楚地看到一点生殖器官崇拜的痕迹。这种崇拜的情绪在古代是相当发达的，即在今天，我们有时也可以找到。霍尔和其他作家都说过：男女在青年期内，大都可有这种情绪的表示，不过在寻常生活环境下，是受抑制而不发扬的，最多不过是对自己发育完整的男女身心品性，有一种自豪的心理在神情上流露罢了。 因为有这种情绪的表示或流露，于是我们可以知道，就它最近乎正常的各式表现而论，裸恋的现象，是青年期内可有的事。伊斯特的研究中，发现150 个例子中，多至57个，即占全数的三分之一以上，是不满25岁的。年岁逐渐增加，裸恋的例子就逐渐减少。而150个例子中，半数以上也是尚未结婚的。 基于同样的理由，我们也可以了解为什么很大一部分裸恋者（伊氏的150例中有40 例）可以叫做“梦幻家”（visionaries）。那就是说， 这些例子部能用昼梦的方法来虚拟一些求爱的情境，这种求爱当然是反常的，不过其为求爱则一。但伊斯特也说，他们中也有不少的一部分人，其所用的求爱办法不免教人联想到院子里的家畜所用的方法和部分动物所用的“卖弄”与“做把势”一类的惯技。 由此，我们可以说，裸恋者的所以不恤人言而敢作公开的色相的呈露，是一种类似远祖遗传的或假远祖遗传的表示。我们不能说它是一个真正的远祖遗传的品性在文明生活里突然由潜藏而显露，不过，文明生活所造就的种种较高与较细的情绪，既因上文所已说过的各种原因，而至于沉抑不宣，陷于瘫痪不动，一个有裸恋倾向的人，在心理的水平上，就不免沦落下去，而与原始的人为伍，而既有这种心理的水平做基础，种种属于原始人的行为冲动也就可以孳生发育了。因此，如果一个人的遗传的神经病态不太深刻，只要有良好的环境，他的裸恋倾向往往可以无形消失，而正常的行为可以完全恢复。 由此可知裸恋者的行为也无非是把原始时代原有的一种性的表现更推进一步罢了；在其他的性歧变里，也大都有这种情形，这我们在上文已经看到。裸恋也正不是一个例外，所以如果此种行为能不走极端，能接受裁制，偶有流露，亦能有其时地与人事上的限制，则我们还不妨把它看作一种正常的表现，不必事后干涉。要知一个裸恋的人实际上往往只是一个太不修边幅的影恋的人罢了，影恋的人，我们在上文已经看到，原是与人无伴、与世无争的。不过我们也承认，在今日的社会状态下，裸恋的举动，无论它的根底如何深远，来历如何自然，是不能事过宽容的。至少在看他暴露而在精神上受他打击的女子，如果天真烂漫一些，难免不发生神经的与歇斯底里症一类的病态。到此，就不能说与人无忤了。与人有许的行为，社会法律出面干涉，自然是极应当的。 不过法律对裸恋的人又应如何处置呢？伊斯特说过，今天的法庭有很大一部分总教附属的医事机关对他先有一度心理状态的调查与报告。这种调查与报告当然是一个进步，但我们对于性歧变的观点虽越来越开明，问题的困难却越来越增加。对于裸恋的例子，处罚大轻则等于无用；处罚大重，则失诸不平。并且一样的无效。除非当事人比较有身家，我们又不能把他送进精神病的机关，让专家精心治疗。我不妨在此引一段一位做法官的朋友寄给我的信，他是一个以干练著称的人，所说的话应当极有分量；他说：“昨天在地方法庭（一年开庭四次）上我审到一件案子。当事人是一个工人，罪名是秽亵的光露，屡戒不悛。当时的判决是六个月苦工的徒刑。不过这样一个判决似乎有两重困难。第一，据笔者所知，这样一个人没有什么拘禁的地方可送，也没有地方可以给他一个治疗的机会。第二，即使送到寻常的监狱里去，监狱的医官一定要说，这人在心理上是不够正常的，因此，对他自己的行为不能负责，他做医官的也不便签字证明，我们暂时虽让他在监狱里住下，我们的权力实在达不到他。试想，他现在是一个38岁的年富力强的人，看他那样子是很可以活到68岁的，在短短的6个月以后， 他还不是在外间自由流浪而依然可以继续他的犯罪行为么？这人入过伍，成绩很好。其他法官对这件案于同样地表示关心，笔者看见法官们的意向大都反对把这样一个人送进牢狱，我自然很高兴。但不监禁就得当场开释。幸而我们已经过了笞刑的法律时代，如在两三年前，根据刑法的条文，这人还是免不了一顿鞭子。” 另一个法官，他同时也是一个医生与精神治疗的专家，在给笔者的信上说：“我在法庭上见过很多这种犯案的例子。他们的情形实在是十分悲惨的。有几个我设法当场开释了，但有的只好'依法'惩处。无疑的，大多数例子是需要精神治疗的，他们实际上是精神病的例子，而不是犯案的罪人。也有许多对他们自己的行为表示真挚的痛恶的态度，并且也曾努力设法控制自己。我们一般对于裸恋的见解是太陈旧了，但如果要加以改革，大量的社会教育工作是少不得的。” 谈到精神治疗，笔者倒要提议一个方法，且认为该方法含有几分效力。就是让有裸恋倾向的人加入近来日渐流行的日光浴运动。假如裸恋的人不过是一个比较极度的影恋或顾影自怜者，有如前文所说，则其所表示的冲动便不一定与社会相伴。在相当条件下，并且很可以受社会的认可。既然如此，则一旦参加日光浴运动以后，他的冲动就可以有一个合法表现的机会，也就等于取得一种新的自我制裁的能力。在日光浴的场合中，不论男女都是光身裸体的，教裸恋者加入其间，其他在场的可不以为怪，而在裸恋者则可以充分满足他的影恋的倾向。只要他不超越一定的限度，这种男女杂处的生活只会减轻他的病态而无变本加厉之患。在这种场合里，他也自然会明白，如果他不能自制而至越轨，则结果一定会是遭受大众的谴斥，而裸恋的权利将因此无法享受。易言之，他有不得不自我制裁的苦心与必要，一样一个冲动，到该境地就有了一个健全的社会化的出路，否则便不免越来越孤僻、越奇怪、越为人所不齿。 此外，我们对一个有裸恋倾向的人，如果他还没有受到过警察的注意，第一件应当加以劝导的是，让他无论如何不要单独出门。希尔虚弗尔德也承认这劝告是很重要的，因为，他说，裸恋者对自己的冲动也自知警戒，故对这样一个劝告是很乐意接受的。不幸而被捉将进去，则法官对于第一次过犯的最合理与最合人道的办法是把他放了，同时却警告他，释放他是有条件的，就是要他立刻去请医生检视。在许多较大的都市里，目前已有一种特殊的诊疗所；法官、警厅的医师以及社会工作者可以很容易地把当事人介绍前去；此种诊疗所所收的费也不大。 笔者以为这种诊疗机关应当更多地有人利用。在第二次冒犯以后，一个裸恋者就该被拘留起来，至少以一月为限，但拘留的目的应当是在检查与治疗，而不在惩罚，而拘留的处所也决不是囚狱，而是近乎住家性质的疗养院。这种处置的方法是和沃瑞尔的意见相呼应的，沃氏认为裸恋者并没有什么危险性，并且（除了同时患低能的分子）只应短期的受疗养院的拘留，使专家有诊断与治疗的机会便足够了。 ● 第八节虐恋（施虐恋与受虐恋） “虐恋”（algolagnia）是一个方便的名词，它是施沦克-诺津（schrenck -Notzing）所拟的，用以指另一类很重要的性歧变或象征现象，这就是性兴奋和痛楚联系后所发生的种种表现，单说虐恋，是不分主动与被动的。主动的虐恋，普通另外叫“施虐恋”，西方叫“沙德现象”（sadism）。从前法国有一个侯爵叫做沙德（Mar quis de Sade，1740一1814），在他的实际生活里， 既稍稍表示过这种性的歧变，而在他的作品里，更充满着这种歧变的描述，“沙德现象” 的名词就滥觞于此了。 被动的虐恋叫做“受虐恋”， 西方叫“马索克现象”（masochism）。十八世纪奥国有一个小说家叫萨歇尔。 马索克（ SacherMasoch，1836一1895）。他自己是一个受虐恋者，而在他的作品里， 他又屡屡讲述到这种性的歧恋。施虐恋的定义，普通是这样的：凡是向所爱的对象喜欢加以精神上或身体上的虐待或痛楚的性情绪，都可以称之为施虐恋。受虐恋则反是：凡是喜欢接受所爱对象的虐待，而身体上自甘于被箝制、与精神上自甘于受屈辱的性的情绪，都可以叫受虐恋。虐恋的行为无论是施的或受的，也无论是真实的、模拟的、象征的以至于仅仅属于想象的。在发展成熟之后，也可以成为满足性冲动的一种方法，而充其极，也可以不用性交，而获取解欲的效用。