Chapter 11 5

--------------- BQ: A little test about "body quotient" (5) --------------- Calculation of evaluation scores: 1 point for 1 correct answer, and the final BQ quiz results A score between 45-50 is considered excellent.Either you've been accepted to medical school, or you've watched one too many reruns of "ER."Suggestion: You are a genius medical prodigy, don't read this book, medical textbooks are on another shelf. Score between 30-44: good.You understand the human body better than many people.You have a solid basic knowledge of physiological anatomy, so you'll appreciate the ideas and step-by-step presentations in this book.Suggestion: Read one chapter every night for two weeks.Score between 16-29: average.While you haven't broken any video game records, you know enough about the human body to understand its complexity and artistry.Suggestion: Read the next few hundred pages, then call us when you're done.

Score on a scale of 0-15: Oh my god, are you a lizard or something?I have two pieces of news for you, one bad and one good.The bad news is that you need to know more about the human body.The good news is that you can become a knowledgeable expert with a lifetime of hard work.Suggestion: Open the book and have a good bite. *************** *Chapter 2 Heartbeat Still: Heart and Arteries *************** Because heart disease often comes on suddenly, many people ignore the discomfort that comes and goes and even rationalizes the symptoms as heartburn, muscle tension, or something else.About one-third of all heart attacks are the first and last, and half of them die before reaching the hospital.

--------------- risk of heart attack (1) --------------- Seeing all the attention the heart receives, you're sure to feel sorry for the rest of the body.When girls in junior high school see a handsome guy, they will have "hearts" fluttering instead of "restless intestines"; the confectioner will never make the chocolate box into the shape of a bladder; the tin man will not ask for a new esophagus (In the movie, it's the heart); what you get in poker is "hearts" and not "red livers."There is a reason why the heart has received so much attention.A symbol of love and courage, the heart provides more than just passion for writers, poets, tattoo artists and rabid groupies.Our heart is not just a symbol of life, it is life.The heart is like the main water pipe of the human house, providing the nutrients needed for human survival.In "houses," clean water is safe to drink and flushes away germs.In the human body, the heart pumps blood to the "chambers" of the body—to the brain, so you can think; to the reproductive organs, so you can reproduce; to the digestive system, so you can process food; to the Muscles so you can help your neighbor move the piano.In fact, you have an affinity for the heart and an awareness of its existence unlike any other organ (except perhaps the organs we explore in Chapter 7).We have known the importance of the heart to humans since distant prehistoric times.Because the heart has an advantage that many other organs do not have: it can keep beating.Just by pressing the chest, or holding the wrist for a few seconds, we can feel the heart working and feel its presence.As the metronome in the human body, the heart sets the rhythm of human life and continues our vitality.Aside from speaking to the public and using a station bathroom, there is nothing more terrifying than a cardiac arrest, which ends our lives. Seventeen years ago, the well-known American TV host Larry King was frightened.He had a sudden heart attack without warning.In fact, he has all the typical symptoms of heart disease-his father died of a heart attack at the age of 43, he smoked three packs of cigarettes a week, he was diagnosed with coronary artery disease 6 years ago, and he was on a "coronary heart disease diet" "(Eat less vegetables, eat more red meat and foods high in saturated fat) loyal supporters.Repeated high-fat meals greatly increased the possibility of heart attack.He felt pain in his right shoulder in the middle of the night, intense fatigue rather than chest pain typical of heart disease, so he did not think it was a heart attack.He even smoked a cigarette while friends drove him to the hospital.When the pain temporarily subsided, he almost walked out of the emergency room and went home. (If he does, it will probably be the last time he goes home, because this heart attack was bad. Even smart people don't tend to treat their bodies as well as they do their cars—

That's why we wrote this book, so you won't look like a fool the next time you talk about your health. ) Fortunately, Larry King remained in the hospital that night.Modern medicine and his strong will turned this severe heart attack into a short story that he relished afterward.He underwent heart bypass surgery, changed his lifestyle, and escaped death.Larry King's experience may also happen to you, because heart attacks are often sudden, and many people ignore the discomfort that comes and goes, and even rationalize the related symptoms as heartburn, muscle tension, or other.About one-third of all heart attacks are the first and last, and half of them die before reaching the hospital.You definitely don't want to be one of them.If you follow the advice in this chapter and choose ways to live a younger life, you may not be the one suffering from heart disease.Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in all developed countries.Every American, every Asian and every European has a 40% chance of dying from heart disease, and arterial aging disease has a 50% chance of affecting people's quality of life.This latter point is the real "killer".Because many people, especially young people, worry about barbs more than they worry about death.But when you understand that arterial aging is not just a problem with the arteries in the heart, the importance of arterial health becomes clearer.Damaged arteries can impair memory, other organ functions, and sex life.In other words, arterial problems can wear you down.Note that the heart, when functioning properly, acts like a machine and works surprisingly efficiently.The blood vessels that feed our muscles are softly interconnected, stretching when needed like a bicycle's rubber inner tube.Blood vessels allow the heart to pump blood throughout the body, no matter how much blood the body needs.Our hearts are powerful enough to adjust the intensity of blood transfusions to suit different situations, whether you're walking on a treadmill or dodging a flock of angry geese.Imagine how tiring it would be if you had to clench your fists 60 to 70 times a minute for a lifetime. This is actually the same as the work of the heart-and the heart never tires.When a person is resting, the heart processes 5 liters of blood per minute.If you decide to follow a fitness video of a slimming celebrity, your heart will immediately pump 20 liters of blood.Our hearts are equipped to cope with drastic changes, but they also need other body systems to work together, and if you don't take good care of your heart, it won't be able to work effectively.The heart's own blood supply -- how efficiently the coronary arteries carry blood to the brain -- is an important factor in determining the health of the heart and its ability to handle more blood.The most common problem with blocked blood supply to the brain is coronary artery disease, a condition in which arterial blood vessels become narrowed or blocked.Once coronary heart disease occurs, the heart muscle becomes weak due to ischemia.Fortunately, you, not some council or something, run your internal water company.You can provide the raw material to determine what fluids flow in the body's ducts; what fluids damage or protect the inner walls of the ducts.This raw material comes from the food we eat, the way we exercise physically, and the way people respond to external social and environmental stressors.We have the ability to keep our hearts strong and youthful, making them the most dynamic human organ.It takes a healthy heart to put on your boxer shorts, nothing else.

--------------- heart attack hazards (2) --------------- Is it true that you have a premonition before a serious heart attack?Half of heart attack patients feel nothing unusual before a heart attack, or at least don't see what they feel as some kind of "harbinger."This is partly because the patterns of heart attacks vary widely, and the discomfort is so fleeting that it's easy to attribute the discomfort to something else, such as indigestion.The most common symptoms of a heart attack are as follows: Chest pain or discomfort (feeling pressure, swelling, or squeezing) Upper body discomfort (could be one arm, back, neck, jaw, or stomach) Shortness of breath★ Cold sweats Nausea Sudden sudden feelings of extreme tiredness (without lack of sleep) Unexpected pain or discomfort (for example, when Larry King had sharp pains in his right arm, which was not the usual heart pain side), because the heart itself does not feel pain.The heart does not have dedicated pain-sensing nerve fibers, and the heart nerves do not feel pain directly.But when something goes wrong with the heart, the electrical activity of the heart's nerves becomes erratic.When the heart nerve passes through the spine, it short-circuits other nerves --

Examples include nerves connected to the arms, chest, or jaw.It is these nerves that transmit the sensation of pain, so pain in the arm, or the chest or jaw, can cause pain wherever the nerves short circuit.Sometimes the brain also joins in, triggering an upset stomach and a cold sweat by stimulating the vagus nerve.But if these cardiac nerve fibers do not pass through the spine, the person will not feel any discomfort, even during a heart attack.Because of this, many people don't know when they have a heart attack. --------------- Learn about the structure of the heart ---------------

Another way to understand the cardiovascular system is to think of it as a subway or rail transportation system.The heart is the terminus, the center, through which all railways pass.The arteries and veins are the rails and tunnels, the passageways that get passengers (blood) off at stations all over the body (the subways are extraordinarily crowded on weekend nights).Then, if the track breaks or some kind of blockage prevents the train from going through, the passengers stuck in the car will become restless.If the blockage lasts too long, certain organs stop working.In the human body, stations without blood "passengers" are shut down, and eventually many nearby stations may be shut down.For example, if the Saturday train doesn't make it to its "destination," sexual dysfunction can result.In order to better understand the specific concept, let's take a map and be a passenger.Friends, we have started checking tickets.

Holding the wrist, we can feel the pulse beating, and we imagine the beating heart as a drum whose head vibrates with each beat.But a heartbeat doesn't just beat a drum, it squeezes and twists.The specific process is this What it does: Electricity from specialized cells (called pacemaker cells) flows down from the top of the heart, stimulating the heart muscle and pushing blood out through the aortic valve.It's like wringing out a wet towel to squeeze the water out.Blood from the heart automatically flows into the aorta, the body's largest artery, which carries oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.At this time, the heart will relax, as if the hands have just let go of the towel.When the heart relaxes, the coronary arteries that line the surface of the heart also relax.As a result, the gaps between the tight muscle cells will expand, and the oxygen-rich blood that has just flowed out from the heart will inject into the arteries on the surface of the heart, flow into the intercellular space, and nourish the muscle cells.Most of the blood that is shed continues to flow, providing energy to the rest of the body.But these processes all take place after the heart fuels itself, and the heart itself receives the first life-nourishing blood.Our hearts ensure their own survival in a very clever way—

--------------- hint --------------- As the heart grows from embryo to baby, it goes through several different forms, each of which resembles the heart of some other animal.Each stage of heart development is a step forward in the evolutionary history of organisms.At first the heart is shaped like a tube, like that of a fish; when it begins to divide into two chambers, it resembles that of a frog; when it divides into three, it resembles that of a snake or a turtle.Finally, the heart is fully developed, consisting of four chambers, and shaped like that of the most highly evolved mammalian heart.The four-chambered heart has one clear advantage over other simple structures: the human heart can send "dirty" blood to the lungs of the washing machine, and the "clean" blood will be sent to other parts of the body by the heart without having to send the dirty blood to the lungs of the washing machine. mixed with clean blood.It's a very efficient system.The blood flowing from the left side of the heart is pure, rich in oxygen, and can deliver energy to the muscles at any time; while the heart of a fish can only deliver blood with only half the purity to the whole body, because the fish heart does not have separate ventricles, so it cannot Circularly purifies the blood in one ventricle and distributes the blood flow in the other ventricle.The complex heart of the human body allows us to process energy more efficiently, so we can move farther away from the energy source, that is, we don't have to guard the food source, and can do many other jobs; while fish must live in the energy source, constantly eat.Unfortunately, an efficient heart also makes it easy for humans to store excess energy, creating nasty fat.

That is, human survival.The heart takes care of itself before taking care of other organs.Just like a mother must eat to satisfy her hunger before she can breastfeed her child, our heart must also be supplemented with nutrients in the blood before it can complete the mission of transporting blood to other parts of the body.Our bodies seem to have only a small retirement fund set aside for future benefits, the heart gets paid very little up front with each beat, and the more you pay the heart (to do a good job of pumping blood via the coronary arteries), the more Life gets healthier as you get older.After "squeezing through the towel", the myocardium relaxes, the blood is pressed into the aorta, the heart supplies energy independently, and the pacemaker cells send out signals 60 times or more per minute, making this process go on in circles.your arteries

Human arteries are divided into three layers, and each layer has different functions.The innermost layer is in direct contact with the blood flow, called the intima, which is thin and slippery, like the texture of a special coating "Teflon", so blood can flow easily.Under normal circumstances, a layer of cells on the inner surface of blood vessels is extremely smooth, allowing the "train" to travel quickly and efficiently.This is also where the heart attack begins in the first place, as we'll get to in a moment.The inner layer also protects the middle layer.The middle layer, called the tunica media, is responsible for supporting the overall structure of the artery.The media is the layer of muscle, so it responds to something happening in the brain or elsewhere in the body.The medial membrane spasms when people are nervous and anxious, and it opens up during exercise to allow more blood to flow through and supply energy to local muscles.The outermost layer of arteries is the adventitia, much like the casing of a sausage.It fixes the overall structure of the arterial vessel at the periphery, like a cellophane wrapping.Of course, there are situations where the system doesn't work properly.Figure 2.1 depicts the specific working process of arteries.blood vessel rupture The smooth inner walls of arteries are made of delicate cells that can be damaged by even mild external influences, such as high levels of sugar or blood pressure in the blood, or