Chapter 29 Chapter 4 Speech Draft: Main References for Live Speeches

Many people who are new to speech think that they only need to write an outline of the speech, and do not need complete preparation; some people think that with a written speech, the speech will be limited by words, and the speech will lose its vividness. sex and flexibility.This view is one-sided.Although the scripted speech will make the audience bored and disgusted, it is clumsy and undesirable, but we cannot ignore its positive role in the speech just because the speech may cause such negative effects.In fact, most successful speeches have complete manuscripts.Specifically, the role of the speech is manifested in the following aspects.

The compiling outline clears up the river bed and defines the flow direction for the language flow of the speech; while the written speech describes the situation of the language flow in detail.Because the speaker has designed the blueprint in advance, has a bottom in mind, and has an unimpeded way of thinking, he can eliminate all kinds of worries and fears during the speech. Love and prosperity, a complete success. Speech is mainly expressed in vocal language and related gesture language.Voiced language is not only vocal, but also expressive.The speaker not only reflects the objective things vividly and concretely through the tone of the voice, the priority of the tone, but also expresses the things that "can only be understood but cannot be expressed in words" through the tone, tone of voice or gestures, so that the audience can understand.However, in the absence of a speech script, the process for the speaker to temporarily transform his thoughts into audible language at the speech site is very short, and there is not enough time to consider the words and sentences, and some "um", "um", "yeah" and "yeah" will inevitably appear. As well as messy, verbose, vague and unnecessary repetition.In order to prevent various deviations in the spoken language, it is necessary to reduce the situation of temporary discretion of words and sentences on the spot, and write the speech in advance.Because writing a speech according to the outline is actually turning silent speech into written language, and its essence is to turn oral language into written language.In this process, through serious and careful consideration, the phenomenon that the words do not express the meaning and the meaning cannot be overcome.When the speech of this written language is converted into a vocal language during a formal speech, it will be able to achieve the exportation and greatly enhance the expressiveness of the language.

Speech is an independent subject, and the writing of speeches is different from the writing of general articles, and it is also different from ordinary speech records.Although the speech is in the form of written expression, special consideration should be given to the needs of oral expression and on-the-spot needs; although it is finally published in oral language, it has the characteristics of standardization and rigor, with more definite purpose and clear conditions. reason.Whether it is from the form of publication or the composition of content, the writing of speeches has its own characteristics.This characteristic is caused by the influence and restriction of the characteristics of the speech.Therefore, through the writing and research of speeches, we can also promote and deepen our research on various skills and skills of speeches, just as the river bed regulates the direction of the water flow, and the erosion of the water flow has a corresponding impact on the shape of the river bed.

People's understanding of problems has a process of gradually deepening and improving from one side to another, from the outside to the inside.After the speaker has completed the collection, arrangement and outline of the materials, he has a general outline of the content of the speech, but it is only a framework after all, not a complete manuscript.If we only talk according to the outline, there may be some unsatisfactory places due to omissions in material selection, composition, and outline; there may also be temporary changes due to cognition reasons, which disrupt the situation; Misexpression of the extent, scope, etc., etc.Writing a speech according to the outline is actually tantamount to giving a silent lecture according to the outline.This kind of silent speaking is not like impromptu speech, which becomes the final form once spoken.During this process, the speaker has ample time to revise his speech so that it fits perfectly.Therefore, the process of this silent lecture is essentially a practical test of whether the material selection, grouping and outline are appropriate, and it is also a process of deepening understanding and clarifying thoughts.By writing a speech, you can further modify, improve, and enrich the content of the speech, ensure the quality of the speech, ensure the perfection of the content, and make the viewpoints and materials highly unified.

Speeches are usually time-limited and must be completed within a certain time frame.Timing is often difficult without a prepared speech.Either loosen first and then tighten up, make a lot of effort at the beginning, expand the content, and then cut it down and cut it down, anticlimactic;With the speech script, the speech time can be calculated according to the number of words. The speaker can add language components other than words to his own thinking, and then he can calculate the speed of the speech, and finish it within the limited time in a planned and unhurried manner. speech. Only the flower of creation can have the invincible beauty, and the innovation of viewpoint expression is the source of vitality of the speech.Mastering the methods of innovative thinking and putting forward novel and attractive viewpoints is the real embodiment of the speaker's level and strength.Innovation is not an easy task, but as long as we master some innovative thinking methods proficiently, we can put forward novel and attractive viewpoints in speech practice, so that our speech will be more popular with the audience.

When dealing with career, even if you want to plant flowers, you still have to plant them; when dealing with fame and fortune, even if you don’t have the intention to plant willows and willows to make shade, you have no intention.The form and connotation of this common saying are widely known. The author borrowed it and slightly changed it to express his point of view, which was recognized by the audience. There are many widely circulated words in life, such as folk songs, sayings, proverbs, etc. Their connotations understood by people are relatively fixed. If the speaker can skillfully borrow these old forms, improve them, and endow them with new connotations , we can find inexhaustible valuable resources for the innovation of ideas in the speech, as long as the speaker can justify himself and make sense, he can reach a new harmony in the audience's understanding.

A speaker said in his speech "We Don't Want to Be a Sleeping Lion": "Someone once predicted that China would be a sleeping lion. In this way, we have been regarded as a sleeping lion for a hundred years, and we also regard ourselves as a sleeping lion. I have been intoxicated for a hundred years. The lion is the king of beasts, but can a sleeping lion be called the king of beasts? A sleeping lion, a nominal king of beasts, is not worth our efforts If we are intoxicated by such a prophecy, it is like being intoxicated by people saying that our ancestors were once rich. It is really fragile and pitiful. We don’t want great prophecies, we only want strong strength, we don’t want to be sleeping lions, As long as we are awake and moving forward, it is better than anything that is asleep.” Others’ prophecies used to be our proud capital, but after careful analysis, what is the practical benefit of being intoxicated or lethargic for a past prophecy Woolen cloth?Therefore, the speaker clearly put forward the point of "we don't want to be a sleeping lion", which is like a slap in the face, which not only wakes people up, but also inspires them to work hard.

Destroying the old and establishing the new means putting forward new viewpoints that are opposite or relative to the old viewpoints after negating and destroying the old ones. Although it is more difficult and risky to destroy the old and establish the new, as long as you have the courage that no one has said before and have a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts, you will be able to It can receive amazing and shocking special effects. Ren Zhengfei, President of Shenzhen Huawei, once put forward an important new point of view in his speech: "It is necessary to promote hard struggle in the mind." Hard work is invisible and intangible, and it is difficult to attract enough attention from people. Because of this, some people are increasingly downplaying the spirit of hard work in thought. , appearing to be busy, but once they encounter something that takes their brains, they are unwilling or not good at thinking deeply. Therefore, no matter how hard these people run, they can't run much. There is a famous saying, "Actions are accomplished in thought and destroyed in accordance with them." This sentence is very philosophical, so we must advocate hard struggle in thought, and the essential requirement is to bear hardships in thought and carry out in-depth theoretical thinking. In the past Our understanding of hard work generally stays at the level of being able to endure hardship, not being afraid of being tired, working hard, and sweating profusely. The focus is mainly on life and work. It is undoubtedly appropriate to advocate this point, but in the context of the knowledge economy In the competition among high-tech companies, it is not enough to just talk about the hard work in life and work, and the hard work in the mind should also be highlighted.”

This new point of view put forward by the speaker is self-evident for high-tech companies in market competition. Things are dialectical, and problems are always multi-faceted. However, due to the limitations of our understanding or the influence of the regularity in the development of things, we often only know one of them when expressing a certain point of view, or only talk about the other. First, don't talk about the second.Of course, it is right to insist on and emphasize "this aspect", because it is also a correct and generally accepted point of view, but if we ignore the other, it will hinder the deepening of understanding and the improvement of work, because with the development of things, It is also very important to stick to and emphasize the meaning of "the other side".If the speaker can do one thing and the other, that is, without denying the existing point of view, he can keenly discover the "other side" of the problem and properly emphasize it, then he can achieve the goal of giving a speech with deep viewpoints and new ones at the same time.

In 1971, the founder of Sony Corporation, Ibuka, published a best-selling book "It's Too Late to Start in Kindergarten".At that time, people generally believed that the foundation of university education was in middle school, and the foundation of middle school education was in elementary school. However, Jing Shenda dug deeper into the problem and believed that kindergarten education should be paid more attention to. The final conclusion was: no!It is too late to start in kindergarten.From the perspective of brain physiology, a newborn baby has more than 10 billion brain cells, just like a computer without "wiring". When such a brain is not yet mature, whether to give stimulation will determine the "wiring", that is, the composition of the brain. The so-called "wiring" should be completed 60% at the age of four, 95% at the age of eight or nine, and all at the age of seventeen. Therefore, in young children, if there is no good stimulation, it will not work .

Although this is not a speech example, from the perspective of thinking, the innovative thinking of the speech is undoubtedly very inspiring. Sometimes a conclusion has been formed on a certain issue and widely accepted by people as a conclusion. It seems that there is no need to think about it anymore, but the actual situation is far from this. As long as we take a step forward, we will find that "the landscape is more it is good". The success of a speech first depends on novel content and unique insights, and there are often old-fashioned questions in speeches.Especially for propositional or semi-propositional speeches, when everyone talks about the same topic or topic in the same range, it is easy to be similar to each other and fall into the rut of others.Moreover, the speech on the same topic takes a long time, and the audience is prone to boredom, resulting in "aesthetic fatigue".How to make your speech unique? Start with a great start and catch your listeners before they "tire". In a speech contest, many contestants had already spoken before, and when the last one entered the stage, the audience couldn't sit still.The first sentence this contestant said on the stage was: "The previous comrades have said what should be said, and I came to the stage to mark the period. But before the period is completed, I still want to put a question mark..." Such opening remarks are very distinctive and can immediately arouse the interest of the audience.A good opening statement is best prepared in advance while writing the speech. Talking about old topics is not as engaging as new ones, and if the first two or three minutes don't grab the attention of the audience, the audience will be distracted.In fact, no matter how old the topic is, when the speaker first steps onto the podium, the audience will always have an instant sense of freshness. You should try to seize this fleeting opportunity and find an interesting beginning to avoid or confuse the audience. Delay the emergence of audience boredom and lay the foundation for success. When crafting a speech, choose an entry point within your usual thought routine. If you want to talk about the topic of "Learning Lei Feng's Spirit", when you prepare your speech, you might as well enter the topic like this: don't make any comments first, just make some descriptive descriptions of Lei Feng's specific examples, and then write in a derogatory way: " Lei Feng's actions are not like Chen Jingrun's picking the jewel in the crown of mathematics, which requires profound knowledge and superhuman wisdom, nor does it need to sacrifice his life like Dong Cunrui blowing up a bunker or Huang Jiguang blocking the hole of a gun. Who wants to do it, who wants to do it , can be done. But..." This way of thinking will make people feel relatively fresh. Generally speaking, when writing a speech, you must choose a good perspective to cut into the topic.Especially when speaking on old topics or on the same topic, it is even more important to avoid writing according to well-known routines, but to be good at finding new angles of entry, so that people can hear a different flavor in the usual speaking methods. Unearth unique insights in unanimous conclusions. The "Love My China" speech contest was held in a certain place.All the speakers were full of enthusiasm and eulogized the glorious history of our great motherland for five thousand years. Almost all of them talked about the majestic Great Wall, the four world-leading inventions, outstanding civilization, vast land and abundant resources, etc.Going on like this one by one, both the judges and the audience felt a little tired and bored.It was the last one's turn to take the stage. As soon as he opened his mouth, he changed the atmosphere of the venue.He said: "Comrades, the comrades in front have fully eulogized the long history of civilization of our great motherland, the majestic Great Wall, and the four great inventions that have brought leaps and bounds to the development of world civilization. Listening to these, we cannot but admit that our motherland has All of this is indeed proud, sacred and lovely. (Speaking of this, he suddenly raises his voice an octave) But, I think, only these are not enough! Because although the Great Wall is tall, long and thick, it cannot Block the iron hooves of invaders! The compass is an invention of our ancestors, but it has attracted invaders armed to the teeth, imperialist warships, and opium that poisons the Chinese people! Gunpowder is the shining of the wisdom of our Chinese nation. But foreign robbers exchanged swords for guns, fought for our homeland, and raped and killed my fellow Chinese! As for the creation of white paper, it is just convenient for the big powers to sign various unequal treaties with me, and to write dozens or hundreds of articles about the loss of power and humiliation of the country... …(At this time, he became excited) Yes, how glorious our ancestors were! How rich and powerful our motherland was once! But we also know clearly that all this belongs to our ancestors after all, yes The pride of our ancestors! We, the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, have absolutely no right to be complacent and bragging about our ancestors’ achievements! As the old saying goes, if a hero doesn’t mention his bravery in the past, how can we forget the heavy responsibility on our shoulders! (Applause) The motherland, only In our hard work, in our rough hands, to become the world leader, to become powerful and rich, to do what we want, to win our hearts! (Enthusiastic applause)” The reason why this speech was warmly welcomed was that the speaker had discovered new ideas in the conclusions that were unanimously agreed upon, and had his own unique insights.If a speaker consciously thinks innovatively when preparing his speech, he may make his speech unique and innovative. Whether it is a propositional speech or a non-propositional speech, the truths you tell are generally universal or well-known, and there are often many ready-made, recognized or even classic conclusions in the topic.When preparing a speech, you can think and dig out the ready-made conclusions, so as to find a new way, see what ordinary people have never seen, discover what ordinary people have never seen, and put forward new insights.Of course, this kind of original opinion does not mean to pretend to be astonishing, to talk nonsense, nor does it mean that all ready-made conclusions must be overthrown, but that you must speak out truthful and well-founded insights. An excellent speech is one that has a full sense of the scene.A successful speech should fully consider the requirements of the scene, and use this as the starting point for speech writing.Generally speaking, the writing of speeches has the following requirements. The effect of a speech mainly depends on the influence and effect of the ideological content of the speech on the thoughts and behaviors of the audience.And to make a speech produce good results, it is necessary to carefully prepare.As the old saying goes: "Everything will be established if it is foreseen, and it will be abandoned if it is not foreseen", "It is better to plan before the rain, and not to dig a well when you are thirsty."Therefore, only by carefully preparing and carefully writing the speech, can the speech receive good results. To write a speech, you need to prepare from the following aspects. Start from the appreciation level of the audience. In 1972, when President Nixon visited China, he said in his speech at the thank-you banquet: "Yesterday, along with hundreds of millions of television viewers, we saw one of the veritable wonders of the world, the Great Wall of China. As I walked along the wall, I thought of the sacrifices made to build it; It shows the determination of the Chinese people who have remained independent throughout their long history; I think of the fact that the Great Wall tells us that China has a great history and the people who built this wonder of the world also have a great future." Facing the Chinese officials present, Nixon, as the president of the United States, warmly praised the Great Wall, which the Chinese people are proud of.The speech also made a few more paragraphs around the Great Wall, making the not-so-easy topic of "tearing down the wall between us" seem easy.Sensitive audience awareness made the speaker choose the natural, appropriate and ingenious angle of the Great Wall. The audience's natural characteristics such as gender, age, and race, as well as psychological characteristics such as emotion, will, and taste, as well as social characteristics such as culture, upbringing, and circumstances, should be included in the conception of the speech in order to resonate with the form.When writing, the feeling should be to face the audience and say what they are willing to listen to.Even if it is a statement and a salutation, it is worth considering again and again. Research and thinking on the speech occasion, namely the natural environment, social and historical background. As the saying goes: "Sing what kind of song on which mountain", "Tailor clothes according to your needs, and eat with vegetables".When writing a speech, we should not only consider the target audience, but also the natural and social environment, historical background, local political tendency, ideological dynamics, academic and cultural atmosphere, local conditions and customs, and folk customs at the time of the speech. Whether the idea being propagated is assimilative or repulsive, etc.For these, if the speech drafter has done sufficient investigation and thinking, it is possible to determine the content more appropriately and the wording more appropriately. Be suitable for on-site expression. In Qiu Jin's famous speech "Warning to Twenty Million Compatriots", he said: "Empress Chen brought up this example of foot binding. If we are ashamed, we should call the teacher to blame! If not, did he bind my legs? Wouldn't I not unbound them? The man is afraid that we are knowledgeable and learned. Climb over their heads and forbid us to study, don't we just agree with him without arguing? This is always us women who give up their responsibilities, and when we see a man doing everything, we are happy to be lazy and want to be safe. If a man says I’m useless, I’m useless; if he says I’m not good, as long as he keeps his eyes comfortable, he’ll be a slave and don’t even ask. I’m afraid I won’t last long if I don’t get rewarded for my merits. When I hear that men like small feet, So I hurriedly tied it up, so that the man would like it, and I could use it to eat rice." This text is not only an exquisite combination of sentences, but also a clear and popular spoken language; there are both provocative rhetorical questions and calmly analyzed precise statements; Thimble-style parallelism; both the tone and voice are varied, and the sentences are arbitrary; the short sentences are mainly short and long, as if speaking casually, but full of rhythm; it is both a logical discussion and a smooth flow It is not only the incisive speech from a strategic position, but also as simple as a homely routine; it has both angry questions and humorous words.Just reading, I feel that the speaker's voice, expression, and attitude are ready to come out.Such words are undoubtedly suitable for live expressions that are both spoken and acted. Speech language is spoken language that has been carefully tempered and constructed, and it is a language of life. This requires that its vocabulary, sentence patterns and tone should have a strong colloquial color, be easy to understand, and flow naturally.It should be suitable for easy oral expression.Speech language also provides sufficient room for the speaker to use voice means such as tone, pause, and intonation, as well as body language such as emotion and gestures.In short, in any case, the speech language must be able to speak and act, so as to facilitate on-site expression.When drafting a speech, try to get rid of the negative influence of other styles, and take the lyricism of the language genre as the standard for on-site expression. A speech may involve a lot of content, but it must have a clear theme and give the audience a refined core idea.Whatever you advocate and oppose, you must have a clear-cut stand, and you must not be ambiguous or vague. In order to make the theme clear and the center prominent, many successful speeches usually take the following methods. Use the gist as the title of your speech. This method is eye-catching, can point out the meaning of the title, and play a finishing touch; it can also help the audience to clarify the theme of the speech and establish emotional "hot spots", so it is used in many speeches.The titles of many speeches reveal the main theme of the speech in a certain sense, which is not only conducive to the concentrated expression of the speaker's thoughts, but also helps the audience to understand and absorb. Refining the central idea and simplifying the theme. Lu Xun said: "Think a lot of brains and refine it into an extremely elite blow." Concentrating on the main idea can "refresh your mind".Except for profound academic speeches and certain business speeches, it is better to determine a single theme for general speeches, especially short speeches.To refine the main idea, we must "consistently aim at the same goal, and keep the square inch intact", make up our minds, and "consistently follow through".A single topic is fine for general speeches.Many famous speeches have a single, concentrated and distinct theme.If the theme is single, it can be concise and concise, the words are rich in purpose, and the thoughts are concise, which will have a profound impact on the hearts of the audience. Mobilize all the elements of the speech to serve the purpose. The gist of the speech is the main theme that runs through the full text.Materials, structure, language, and expressions must be subject to the needs of the theme. In terms of the relationship between the theme of the speech and the materials used, the two should be consistent and blendable.The theme is the concentrated summary and sublimation of the ideological meaning of all the materials. The material must be infused with the soul of the theme, so as to achieve good results. In all aspects of the structure, language, and expression of the speech, it is necessary to seek coordination with the main theme, which is conducive to the clarity, clarity and prominence of the main theme. There is a wonderful episode in Lu Xun's speech "The Misguided Path of Literature and Politics": "There is a group of people in Beijing who criticize new writers, saying: 'You should not use poor people and rickshaw pullers in society as materials. You should use gifted scholars and beautiful women as materials for your poems and novels. Only then can they be regarded as beautiful and elegant. Why don't you hide them? Into the ivory tower?' But they have all gone to the south now, because the ivory tower in Beijing has collapsed, and no one brings them food, so they have to run away... A writer who lives for life is usually very dangerous, but when it comes to revolution When they are dead, they are wandering, because their senses are quicker than ordinary people, what they see and think, ordinary people don’t understand, and their situation is often difficult, so they can see other difficulties.” On the one hand, this text successfully expressed the content of the speech, and on the other hand, it took into account the on-site regulation.There is a sentence in the words of the "one group of people" in Beijing: "Why don't you hide in the tower of ivory?" The quotation naturally makes the audience wait and see how the speaker will respond, but using only one word "but" to refer to them is not "beautiful". He fled to the south to make a living without being "elegant", refuted his words with his actions, was witty and witty, and made people laugh;If this is a hidden emotional hotspot, then the previous cynicism is a powerful contrast and preparation.This speech may seem careless, but the selection and combination of materials, what to talk about first, and how to say it, have been carefully considered, in order to better regulate and control the audience. The thinking stage of writing a speech must take into account the on-site regulation for the audience.It is necessary to properly preset or ambush a series of excitement points that can trigger the audience's imagination, emotion, will, experience, etc., so as to control the scene with a degree of relaxation and escapement, control the audience, encourage the audience to participate, and communicate better on the spot.In the process of drafting, focus on the purpose and content of the speech, and consciously use control skills in each link such as the beginning, transition, development, and conclusion.For example, in writing, suspense is set up to attract people, and the method of using momentum is used to guide the resonance points of emotions, forming a vortex that stirs people's hearts.It can also be embellished with some exquisite episodes to adjust the psychology, activate the atmosphere, turn estrangement into intimacy, and turn pickiness into appreciation.In fact, the control means are far more than these. The basic requirement of speech structure is coordination and harmony. The figurative expressions of "crested head", "pork belly" and "leopard tail" are also applicable to the large structure of the speech in principle. The biggest feature of the speech structure is its simplicity and clarity.A speech is different from a normal article for reading.General article readers can read it repeatedly for fun, even if the structure level is more complicated, it can also be mastered through analysis.Speeches are passed on by word of mouth, and oral information is fleeting, and it is easy to be disconnected from the audience's hearing and thinking.If the structure of the speech is complicated, the clues are numerous, and even the thoughts are disordered, it will be difficult for the audience to understand the content of the speech.In order to make the speech receive the best effect, the speech structure should be simplified as much as possible, especially for long speeches, the structure should be simplified. Logically classify the ideas and materials to be described.The division of issues should be as clear as possible to prevent mutual overlap and mutual tolerance.This is the fundamental way to simplify the structure. Indicate the serial number of the large structure and outline object.For example, the first question, the second question...or (one), (two)... The key points of the outline are prominently presented with accurate title language.To make the speech clear and well-organized, it depends to a large extent on the table of contents. In the transition between content levels, use the bright transfer method more, and use the dark transfer method less.That is, the use of prompts, explanatory words, linking words, contextual words or summary words, etc., so that the audience can grasp the outline and outline of the content. Speech style mainly refers to the language or literary style of the speech. The style of the speech should be as close as possible to the style that the audience understands.But generally speaking, the speaker may need to introduce a few words that are not commonly used in daily speech, but are acceptable to the audience to enhance the style. But such situations should be kept to a minimum, and if a word sounds strange or out of range for the audience, the speaker should call attention to it and be careful to explain its meaning. Sometimes, the speaker may use some common words in the speech, but these words have a special meaning in the speech. At this time, he must carefully explain to the audience how to use these words, and repeatedly Remind them how the words are used here, otherwise the audience will be very confused.Therefore, it is best to avoid technical or artistic terms, and to use less ordinary words with special meaning, especially when speaking to a general audience. Another rule of style can be described in two sentences: first, the sentence should be clear; second, the sentence should be neither ordinary nor difficult.These two points are easier said than done. The revision of the speech should be based on the purpose and purpose of the speech. The revision of the speech should mainly start with the speech materials, pay attention to the correctness of the speech point of view, and strive for excellence in the revision of the speech. When thinking about the draft and writing the outline, it has been matured, so you can follow the outline and keep writing along the train of thought.But when it comes to how to choose words and make sentences, how to use language expression skills, etc., you have to spend a little time.Otherwise, it's not good to say what you mean or not to say what you mean. Drafting the first draft means organizing the content to be expressed into a complete and orderly article according to the proposed outline.The outline is only to describe the general outline of the draft, and only when it is drafted into a document can all the previous thinking achievements be materialized and visualized, and become a tangible and visible blueprint.This blueprint is a reassurance on the spot. Making a draft is the same as making a belly draft, and it is also a hard mental work process.During this process, the thoughts and insights that are active in the mind will continue to be deepened and gradually improved, the idea of ​​conception will become clearer, and new ideas may flash at any time.This is actually a process of re-creation. After the first draft is written, the first draft must be processed and revised. "Jade can't be cut, it can't be used", "The article never tires of changing it a hundred times".After the first draft is written, it must be revised repeatedly.Good articles are all modified, and it is impossible for anyone to write and achieve victory.Only after repeated scrutiny and repeated revisions can the first draft become mature and perfect. When modifying, pay attention to the following aspects. First of all, check whether the point of view of the whole article is correct, whether it is mature, and whether it is easy for the audience to understand and accept.If there are problems or immaturity, further thinking must be done, and the audience must not be fooled casually; secondly, it is necessary to see whether the central topic is established and whether it has been clearly and prominently expressed.If the center is not prominent, the purpose of the speech will not be clearly reflected. See if the material is true, specific, comprehensive, sufficient, whether it is used properly, and whether it can explain the problem and express the point of view accurately and forcefully.If it is less, it will be added, if it is more, it will be deleted, if it is inappropriate, it will be replaced, and false materials will be eliminated without hesitation. Look at the structure, whether it is complete, compact and full of changes; look at the opening, whether it is tasty and attractive; look at the climax, whether there is an exciting climax, and whether the position of the climax is appropriate; look at the ending, whether it is attractive; look at paragraphs, levels, Whether the division and arrangement of paragraphs are appropriate and clear; look at the cohesion, whether the cohesion and transition between contexts are natural; If a certain aspect of the arrangement is unreasonable, for example, the division and arrangement of levels and paragraphs are not clear enough, it should be properly adjusted and modified immediately. Speech eloquence is a kind of language art, and tempering language is the basic skill of a speaker.After the first draft is written, attention should also be paid to modifying the language. (1) Check whether the sentences are smooth and the words are concise.This is the most basic requirement. If you can't write well, you can't read or speak well;Lu Xun said: "After writing, read it at least twice, and immediately delete unnecessary words, sentences, and paragraphs. There is no regret." (2) Be colloquial and popular.Although drafting a speech is a matter of writing, what is written is for speaking, not for viewing, so it must be suitable for the characteristics of vocal language. (3) Play the piano to see the audience, speak to see the target.If it is aimed at ordinary workers, farmers, and citizens, it must use plain, simple, and unpretentious words, and use as little technical jargon as possible, let alone pretending to be profound, otherwise it will not be easy for them to accept.If you are speaking to people with higher cultural literacy, your language can be more elegant, so that your speech can adapt to their level.Of course, it is ideal to be able to appeal to both refined and popular tastes, which will enable you to have more audiences. (4) The words are accurate, vivid and expressive.Language needs to be vivid, emotional, and colorful.It depends on whether the rhetoric is appropriate and whether it is just right. (5) The language is catchy and the rhythm is sonorous and powerful.Finally, try to read it a few times to see how it works.For example, whether the reading is catchy, whether the tone is appropriate, whether the emotion is full, whether the rhyme is harmonious, and whether the rhythm is sonorous and powerful. There is often a certain time limit for monologue speeches to the audience, and it is necessary to consider whether the length of the text meets the specified time limit when revising.If the specified time limit is exceeded, the text should be compressed and the space cut; if the specified time limit is not met, some more materials can be added and the content expanded if necessary. The revision of the length should be done well in mind, and it is best to make the content flexible on the premise of keeping the content complete.In this way, on the spot, flexible adjustments can be made at any time according to the audience's response and time requirements. Vocabulary is the foundation of a speech. Speech should choose vocabulary that is easy to be understood and accepted by the audience. Choosing a good word does not mean that you have a good speech. We also need to refine the speech sentences and pay attention to the use of rhetoric. His life is short, but also full, and his works are more than years. well!这坚强的，永不知疲倦的工作者，这哲学家、思想家，这诗人、天才，在我们中间，过着暴风骤雨般的生活，充满了斗争、争吵、战斗，一切伟大的人物在每个时代遭逢的生活。Today, he rests in peace.他走出了纷争与仇恨。他在同一天步入光荣，步入了坟墓。从今以后，他和祖国的星星在一起，辉耀于我们上空的云层之间。 你们站在这里，有没有羡妒他的心思！ 各位先生，面对这样一种损失，不管我们怎样悲痛，就忍受一下这些重大打击吧！No matter how sad the blow is, no matter how serious it is, let's accept it first.在我们这样一个时代，不时有伟大的死亡刺激充满了疑问与怀疑的心灵，因而对宗教信仰发生动摇，这也许是适宜的，这也许是必要的。上天使人民面对着最高的神秘，对死亡加以思维，知道自己做的是什么，死亡是伟大的平等，也是伟大的自由。 Heaven knows what it is doing because it is the highest lesson.一个崇高的心灵，气象万千，走进另一个世界。他本来有着天才看得见的翅膀，久久停在群众的上空，忽而展开人看不见的另外的翅膀，骤然投入了不可知。这时候每个人心中所能有的，只有庄严和严肃的思想。 不，不是不可知！不，我在另一个沉痛的场合里已经说过了，我就不疲倦地再说一遍吧：不，不是夜晚，而是光明；不是结束，而是开始；不是空虚，而是永生！你们中间有谁嫌我这话不对吗？这样的棺柩，表明的就是不朽。面对着某些显赫的死者，人更清楚地感到这种理智的神圣命运，走过大地为了受难，为了洗净自己。大家把这种理智叫做人，还彼此说：那些生时是天下的人，死后就不可能不是灵！ 这是雨果的《给巴尔扎克》的最后几段，演讲饱含激情，用词清晰、具体、生动。读来流畅，听来悦耳。 演讲最忌空泛。有些演讲者总想在演讲中多用点优美词语，于是堆砌词藻，咬文嚼字，趋于雕琢。而这正好是演讲所忌讳的，演讲的选词要做到以下几点。 准确。演讲中词语要用对用准，否则“一字一词，一句为之蹉跎”。这要求演讲者在选词时掌握词语的含义，辨别词义之间的细微差别，把握好词的感情色彩、语体色彩。 洁净。单个的词语无所谓洁净之言。这里所说的是指具体的演讲中要字不虚设，词不虚发。这要求演讲者在演讲时明确词的含义，不用重复词，不用无义词。 规范。演讲中要尽量避免深拗、绕口的词语。力避诘屈聱牙，晦涩难懂。 和谐。演讲语言要琅琅上口，生动悦耳。选用双声叠韵词、迭音词，注意押韵合辙，平仄相间，以增添演讲的音乐美、节奏感。 十二年来，我饱尝了作为一个教师的酸甜苦辣，喜怒哀乐；十二年来，我更深层次、更立体地把握了教师的整体形象。教师是辛苦的，为了学生，他们夜以继日，整日操劳；教师是清贫的，为了别人他们含辛茹苦，不计酬劳；教师是磊落的，为了事业他们两袖清风，虚心清高；但教师是伟大的，为了祖国他们孜孜以求，不屈不挠。 这段话句式完整，匀称贯通，自然优美。演讲的语句要经过一番锤炼才能达到这样的水平。 演讲是一个动态过程。演讲所形成的特殊情境给其中每句话赋予特定的含义。这要求演讲者在炼句时首先要从演讲整体出发，从演讲情境考虑，做到精短、严整、自然、亲切。 一般来说，除了学术演讲，政论型演讲较多地运用长句、散句外，演讲的语句以短句、整句为多为美。 下面我们看看短句与整句的特色。 短句指字数少、形体短、结构简单的句式，演讲中运用短句可以明快、活泼、有力地表达感情，简洁、干净、利落地叙述事理。卓别林的演讲正是如此： 战士们，你们别去为那些野兽们卖命啊！他们鄙视你们，奴役你们，统治你们，吩咐你们应当做什么，应当想什么，应当具有什么样的感情！他们强迫你们去操练，限定你们的伙食，把你们当牲口，用你们当炮灰。你们别去受这些丧失了理性的人摆布了。 整句是相对于散句而言的，它紧凑有力，严密集中。演讲在适当运用散句的基础上要多运用整句。整句包括排比、对偶、对比、顶真、回环等。 辞章泛指语法（文法）、修辞以及行文的表达方法和技巧。逻辑着重解决对不对的问题，语法、修辞和表达方法则着重解决准不准、美不美的问题。它们的完美结合，才能使演讲稿达到科学性与艺术性的高度统一。 演讲语言的最基本特征是口语化。最优秀的品格则是口语和书面语的合一性，既提炼成为口语和书面语的“合金”，但又不失口语化的基本特征。口语和书面语各有其特点和优点。口语朴素、简短、流畅、活泼、亲切、通俗易懂，但往往不够精确规范。书面语准确、规范、典雅，但往往结构复杂，书卷气过重，有时不易被人们理解。好的演讲稿应当兼取两者之长，扬长避短。既要考虑演讲时的口传言授，便于听众听懂；又要注意加强语言的表现力，认真加以提纯和锤炼。 演讲稿的语言还应尽可能做到准确、明晓、简洁、流畅。在此基础上进一步努力做到严密、深刻、生动、形象。这就需要适当采用比喻、排比、比拟、借代等修辞手法；还要灵活运用叙述和描写、概括和具体、曲折和率直、铺垫和纵横、抑和扬、虚和实、形象和理性等各种表现手段。当然，这些手段都应该服务于演讲目的和内容，注意对象、时间、场合等条件，务必用得适当和得体。