Chapter 12 Chapter Eleven Leadership Speaking Style Cultivation

Simple language is the soul of wisdom, length is a superficial decoration - Shakespeare The success or failure of a career is often determined by a certain conversation. This is by no means an exaggeration. In Franklin's autobiography, there is such a passage: "When I restrained myself, I once had a virtue checklist. There are only 12 virtues listed in the book. Later, a friend told me that I am a little proud, and this kind of pride is often displayed in conversation, making people feel arrogant. So I immediately paid attention to the advice this friend gave me, and I Believe that this is enough to affect my future, and then I specifically listed humility on the list. I am determined to try my best to avoid all words that directly offend other people's feelings, and even forbid myself to use all certain words and phrases, such as 'of course', 'certainly', ' Needless to say'... and replace it with 'maybe', 'I think', 'as if'...." Franklin also said: "Speaking has a lot to do with the progress of your career. If others argue, then you will not be able to obtain the sympathy, cooperation, and motivation of others." This is absolutely true, the success or failure of a career often achieves results in a conversation.Therefore, if you want to succeed in your career, you must have a superb speaking level that can handle everything.

In Japan, when some large companies recruit leaders above the middle level, they specifically stipulate a number of non-hiring clauses in terms of speaking ability.Including: (1) Candidates who sound like mosquitoes will not be hired; (2) Those who speak without cadence will not be hired; (3) Those who fail to understand the essentials during the conversation will not be hired; (4) During the conversation, those who cannot answer the questions clearly and neatly will not be hired; (5) Those who speak lifelessly will not be hired; (6) Those who speak upside down and do not know what to say will not be hired...

These regulations of large Japanese companies reflect the fact that speaking is closely related to career, and it is one of the most important conditions for being qualified for one's job.Knowledge is wealth, eloquence is capital.With a high level of speaking and eloquence, your talents can be fully displayed through words, and your good image can be concretely displayed through eloquence, so that leaders, colleagues, and subordinates can understand you more deeply, appreciate you, and further trust you , Promote you to various key positions, entrust you with more important tasks, make you stand out, display your talents, and help you succeed in your career.

Tone is the internal driving force of language, and it is inseparable from tone in all occasions where vocal language is used.Tone includes two aspects: thoughts, feelings and voice form.If you want to be a leader who speaks contagiously, you must master the ability to control tone, and be good at using appropriate tone to express complex content and different thoughts and feelings. (1) Pay attention to the occasion of the conversation Generally speaking, on larger occasions, attention should be paid to properly raising the voice and slowing down the speech speed so that the speech momentum rises to a certain extent to highlight the key points.On the contrary, in small occasions, attention should be paid to lowering the voice appropriately, compacting the density of words, making the language momentum tend to decline, and pursuing natural effects.Different tones are used in different occasions, for example, conversation occasions and relaxed occasions, debate occasions and dialogue occasions, serious occasions and relaxed occasions, quiet occasions and noisy occasions, and so on.Both should use different tones depending on the situation.

In addition, when speaking in public, you have to consider the peace of the people around you, and don't speak too loudly.If you are speaking to a crowd, make sure you speak in a voice that everyone can hear.To describe a thing, or a person, must be just right.Don't think that exaggerated words can achieve the desired effect. In fact, on the contrary, exaggerated words will definitely be despised. (2) Use tone of voice to affect the emotions of the listener Tone can affect the emotional and mental state of the listener.For example, a joyful tone will bring joy to the other party, an angry tone will arouse the other party's anger; a complaining tone will make the other party full of complaints, a blunt tone will make the other party feel unhappy, and so on.

Tone is the most important expression skill of vocal language, because speaking tone is often the expression of a person's subconscious mind.Only by mastering the rich and appropriate tone can we win the initiative in communication. (3) Emotional color of rhythm Rhythm is not an external thing, it depends on the content of the speech and the context of the two parties in the conversation. When people speak, read aloud, and make speeches, the rhythm is formed by the contrast between the fast and slow speed, the tension and relaxation of emotions, the ups and downs of tone, and the lightness and weight of volume.Rhythm plays an important role in spoken language.

Rhythm mainly expresses the movement changes of people's psychology. Different Hui language rhythms have different image connotations and different emotional colors.Appropriate rhythm is helpful to express the meaning, make the spoken language full of rhythmic beauty, and strengthen the intensity of stimulation. As far as the rhythm type of language is concerned, it is generally divided into six types. ① high-pitched type.The voice is high, the tone is high-spirited, and the language is upward, giving people a majestic and mighty feeling.Used for motivating speeches and speeches on exciting occasions.

②Depressed type.The voice is low and slow, the tone is depressed, and the momentum of the language is mostly downward, giving people a solemn and dull feeling.Used in the narration of mourning and tragic events. ③ tense type.The speech rate is faster, and the pauses in the sentence are shorter, but the voice is not necessarily high.It is used for the defense of facts that need to be clarified and the report of emergency situations, etc. ④ soothing type.Speak calmly and comfortably, with little ups and downs, and a moderate voice. It is a steady and natural way of expression.For scholarly inquiry and interpretative, illustrative narrative.

⑤ light type.Bright and clear, more uplifting and less restraint, it sounds effortless, making people feel lively and smooth.This type is often used in everyday conversations, and it is also often used in general debates. ⑥Condensed type.Neither high-pitched nor low-pitched, clear and steady, not slippery or rushing, it is used for persuasive education, making comments, expressing emotions, etc.This kind of rhythm is solemn and serious, and it sounds like every word is important and thought-provoking. On different occasions and different environments, you can focus on using a certain rhythm type, supplemented by other rhythm types, and infiltrate and integrate with each other, so that the tone of speech, speech and debate is clear and not rigid and monotonous.

Also, practice the rhythm of each word, phrase and sentence component.Because every word and every sentence affects the tone and rhythm of a person's speech. The speed of speaking should not be too fast or too slow. Talking too fast will make it difficult for the listeners to cope, and they will also get tired easily. Some people think that speaking faster can save time. In fact, the purpose of speaking is to make the other party understand what you mean .In addition, whether it is the speaker or the listener, he must use his thoughts, otherwise, he cannot accurately grasp the content of the words.Of course, speaking too slowly is also wrong. On the one hand, it wastes time, and on the other hand, it will make the listener feel impatient.

In short, a language lacking a sense of rhythm is flat and dull, while a language with a strong sense of rhythm is cadenced and expressive, which is the biggest secret to attracting listeners.Beautiful speech and conversation, including correct pronunciation, proper speed, rich sentences, a little humor in the speech, good posture, etc., can all be obtained through learning and exercise. Intonation refers to the changes in pitch, pitch, speed, and pause of the voice when speaking.This change plays a very important role in expressing emotions.No matter complex emotions such as happiness, joy, sadness, sorrow, sorrow, hesitation, relaxation, firmness, boldness and so on, can be expressed through the change of tone.At the same time, this change can also cause the diversification of the sound, so that the audience is willing to accept it, and endow the auditory aesthetic feeling. In general, the intonation has the following techniques: (1) Severity changes In speech, it is very necessary and important to use the ups and downs of light and heavy tones to effectively express feelings.Of course, this refers to the use of logical accents.It can not only highlight some key words, sentences and paragraphs in the speech, so as to express some thoughts and feelings, but also strengthen the color of the language and beautify the language. The successful experience of the speaker shows that in general speeches, especially the kind of argumentative speeches, the ending paragraphs often have more stress, and even the whole paragraph is stressed, so as to create a strong atmosphere and highlight the conclusions summarized in the ending. The main content and central purpose of the speech push the whole speech to a climax and leave a deeper impression on the audience. (2) Fast and slow changes When expressing general content, the speaking speed can be moderate, neither too fast nor too slow.When expressing thoughts and feelings of enthusiasm, excitement, excitement, anger, urgency, and calling, one should speak quickly, gurgling and powerful; when talking about thoughts and feelings of solemnity, nostalgia, sadness, silence, loss, and disappointment, The speed of speech can be slowed down a bit. Voice changes should be natural and smooth.Only when the sound speed is appropriate and the speed is consistent, can it not only effectively convey emotion, but also make the audience feel beautiful.If the speaking speed is not appropriate, lacks speed changes, and always maintains a speed, it will be difficult to accurately and properly express the speaker's inner thoughts and feelings, and it will also make the audience feel bored and difficult to accept. (3) High and low changes There are high and low changes in intonation, or inflections.Generally speaking, the high pitch is rising, that is, the tone of the sentence goes from low to high, and the pronunciation at the end of the sentence is often the highest, and it is generally used in interrogative sentences.The lower tone is a falling tone, that is, the tone value of the sentence is from high to low, and the pronunciation at the end of the sentence is often the lowest. It is generally used in declarative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences. In speech, in order to express thoughts and feelings more effectively, it is necessary to change the ups and downs of the language.Neither can blindly be high, breaking the throat; nor can it be blindly low, weak.Only by changing the pitch of the tone at will and according to the situation can the best speech effect be achieved. (4) Pause change A pause is a pause in speaking.Speech should not only have a pause, but also should use the pause to turn the pause into an art of expression in order to express the speaker's thoughts and feelings more effectively. So, how to stop?Generally speaking, there are three kinds of pauses: one is natural pause, that is, the natural interval between words or sentences.The second is a grammatical pause, that is, a longer pause after a paragraph or sentence.The third is a rhetorical pause, that is, a pause due to the need for a certain rhetorical effect.For speeches, there is no doubt that these three kinds of pauses should be used comprehensively to make them a technical pause and an artistic pause. Specifically, in general cases, a general pause can be made.However, in some special cases, longer pauses should be made.For example, after asking a certain question to the audience, after presenting a certain point of view of one's own, after uttering a certain witty epigram, and after clarifying a relatively complete meaning, there should be a longer pause. In conclusion, pause is a very effective expressive art of speech.Using the art of pauses will not only prevent the speech from being scattered, but can make the whole speech process cadenced, ups and downs, coherent and smooth, allowing the audience to enjoy the rhythmic beauty of a language. There is no doubt that the leader's language plays an important role in maintaining the image of the leader and establishing the prestige of the leader.How leaders use their own language to win enough prestige is a key issue in the art of leadership language. First let's look at how a leader should speak to match who he is.We all know that proper language is very important for the image of any speaker, especially for a leader. If the language can be properly matched with other qualities of the leader, the image of the leader will be more perfect and more convincing . Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has a commendable appearance and demeanor. She is one of the most charming political figures in the world in the late 20th century.And her fascinating speech style has established a high international prestige for her.In her first speech after taking office, she said: "I am the leader of the Conservative Party after a great man, which makes me feel very small. The leaders before me are all famous great men, such as our leader Winston Churchill raised Britain's name to the pinnacle of free world history; Anthony Eden set us goals that would build great wealth and democracy; Harold Macmillan turned many lofty ambitions into Alec Douglas Home won the love and admiration of us all; Edward Heath successfully won us election victory in 1970 and wisely used We joined the European Economic Community." In this speech, Mrs. Thatcher listed the achievements of successive British prime ministers in modern history to show her long-term responsibilities and lofty ambitions. In 1979, Margaret Thatcher won the general election and became the first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.At such an epoch-making moment, part of her speech said: "Whoever you voted for in the general election, I would like to appeal to you - the entire British people: Now that the general election is over, let us go forward together, together, to fight for the strength of the country we are proud of. We have ahead of us. There are many things waiting for us to do, let us fight together!" Her speech made her close to the general public successfully and enhanced her sense of belonging in the hearts of the British people. In 1987, when she was re-elected for the third time, her speech had become full of fighting spirit and domineering: "We have the right and the duty to remind the whole free world that Britain is once again confident, strong and trusted. We are confident because attitudes have changed; we are strong because our economy is thriving, Competitive and growing; we are trusted because the world knows us to be a strong ally and a loyal friend." From Mrs. Thatcher's speech, we can see that as prime minister, she made clear her goal as soon as she took office, to increase the confidence of all the people in the government and herself, and thus win the support of the people.As time went on, Mrs Thatcher tended more and more to project her confidence and regalia.This has further increased her prestige among the people. Leaders use language to establish their prestige. In layman's terms, they want to convince and convince their subordinates, so that they will naturally support you. This is prestige.To convince your subordinates to your words, you should do the following in turn: (1) Be approachable This will help bring you closer to your subordinates and foster a sense of belonging. (2) Demonstrate great ambition as a leader Make subordinates feel that it is very promising to follow you to struggle.In this way they have the confidence to follow you and support you. (3) To show the arrogance that a leader should have Every leader should have his own deterrence, so as to make subordinates obey you.This kind of domineering spirit should be elegant and solemn in the language style of the current leadership.But remember, being domineering does not mean being superior and domineering.If that's the case, it's easy to lose people's hearts. (4) Give subordinates positive stimulation and motivation It is a good choice to affirm the progress and outstanding performance of subordinates from time to time.In this way, subordinates will trust you more, forming a virtuous circle. To establish leadership prestige, it is important to show the charisma that a leader should possess.Leadership temperament is a kind of aggressive, no one else's pride.Only with this kind of temperament can you guide your work effectively.Let's take Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, as an example to see what is the kingly spirit in language. After Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, he often went on tour in micro clothes.Once, when he returned from a cruise, a group of people went to a ferry on the outskirts of Jinling, the capital, to wait for a boat to cross the river.Coincidentally, a group of exam candidates were also waiting for the boat. Seeing that the ferry had not yet arrived, the students recited poems by the river to pass the time.Zhu Yuanzhang thought it was very interesting, so he stood quietly and listened to their poems. The scenery along the river was very magnificent that day, the Yangtze River flowed eastward for thousands of miles, the vast Zhongshan Mountain appeared and disappeared in the mist, and it was majestic. A young man stared at the magnificent mountains and rivers in front of him, and said: "There is a weight in the quarry." The candidates all praised unanimously, "This metaphor is very grand." After hearing this, Zhu Yuanzhang said with a smile: "The boldness of this sentence is so great, it will be difficult to continue in the future!" Everyone thought about it for a while, and it was true. If such a large quarry rock is only compared to a weight, what are the beams and hooks?Even if you can barely scrape together such a large scale, what are you going to weigh? Everyone looked at each other, not knowing how to answer. Zhu Yuanzhang laughed when he saw this, and said, "Let me try it." After finishing speaking, he recited aloud: "The quarry rock is a weight, so what if the Changhong is used as a pole? The crescent moon in the sky is a hook, and how many mountains and rivers are there?" After hearing this, all the disciples were dumbfounded. The person who could compose such an imposing poem could only be Long Live Today, so all the disciples knelt down to pay homage to the emperor. From this story, we can see that it is easy for a leader to show his due momentum with words, and this kind of performance is often unintentional.As long as you have the prestige of a leader, you will naturally reveal the aura of a leader in your language. The prestige of a leader is a kind of true feeling that the masses are convinced of the leader from the heart, a kind of sincere admiration and trust, and a kind of resonance produced by the influence of the leader's words and deeds on subordinates.To establish prestige, the leader should always pay attention to the undiscovered problems of his subordinates in his speech, have personal charm in his speech and demeanor, and set an example everywhere.Moreover, we must use our speaking skills according to different objects and environments, and avoid being arrogant and defiant.To get close to your subordinates as your goal, only in this way will there be good results. Communication is a process of exchanging opinions, so whether you are a leader or a subordinate, you should express your true thoughts when communicating.Unfortunately, people always think that if they want to tell all the thoughts in their hearts, they will lose a lot of sense of security.Yes, we should protect our privacy, but that doesn't mean we should lie about it.Only by daring to speak the truth can we win the trust of others and make the conversation meaningful. In fact, the more senior the leader is, the more he should add his true feelings when speaking, so as to impress the listener and win the respect of others.Former U.S. President Lincoln is recognized as a great man, and he is also a politician who is very good at speech.He delivered the famous "Lincoln Gettysburg Address" on November 29, 1863.This speech is still considered unsurpassed today, and it is also regarded as the model of speech words. Let's see what's so special about this speech! "Eighty-seven years ago our forefathers created a new nation on this continent. She was raised in liberty and she died for the idea that all men were created equal. Now we are engaged in a great war that tests Watch this country and see if a country that has grown so much and given so much can survive." "We meet on the field of this war and dedicate a portion of the field, as it is our duty. The world will not notice nor long remember what we say now, but it will never forget that we are here everything." "When we face these people who have fought and sacrificed for the country, we should show our patriotic enthusiasm. In other words, we must not let these patriots die in vain. We must pray that our country will be protected by God. Now, you can get more freedom to update." "As long as we can establish the ideal politics of the people, by the people, and for the people, our country will not perish from the face of the earth." The reason why this speech of less than 300 words has won such praise from the world is not only because it is short and concise, with clever words, but more importantly, because it is full of Lincoln's emotions between the lines.Lincoln delivered the speech in just five minutes.Lincoln's language is sincere and simple, not embellished with gorgeous rhetoric, but it is from the heart.Therefore, it can leave a deep memory on the audience and resonate with the audience. Therefore, when a leader speaks, he does not need to deliberately pursue the gorgeous language and beautiful rhetoric. If he wants to infect the audience, he only needs to inject true feelings and express his true thoughts.It will win the respect of others, and it will also narrow the distance between the two parties in the conversation. In reality, it may not be easy to tell the truth.Because we are all used to speculate and suspect each other.Eventually, we become misunderstanding each other.As a leader, you must have the ability to maintain an objective perspective at all times and not make habitual mistakes.For a leader, talking with subordinates in private is a good time to talk to each other. Let's take a look at what issues leaders are prone to make mistakes. (1) Only "command", no guidance The leader's language should be instructive. Instructive language can not only make the leader more approachable, but also easier to be accepted by the listeners.However, due to their high positions, some leaders gradually forget that they should add true feelings to their speech. (2) Disagreement with the opinions of subordinates Leaders are often used to having the final say on everything and do not listen to reasonable suggestions from their subordinates.When discussing work with subordinates, it is just a formality, and it is not possible to communicate in a serious manner.In this way, it is difficult for the two parties to reach a consensus. (3) It is difficult to understand the difficulties of subordinates Leaders sometimes make the mistake of "talking to themselves" when talking to their subordinates.They only think about problems from their own point of view, and they can never really think from the standpoint of their subordinates. (4) Talking to subordinates with false feelings Although some leaders realize that authenticity is very helpful for the contagiousness of their speech, they don't want to show their true feelings.Then one can only embellish one's language with artificial emotion, which is unlikely to have any good effect. (5) Treat subordinates with personal likes and dislikes Some leaders treat subordinates differently according to their preferences.They will express emotion to those subordinates they like, and speak full of emotion; but they always say empty words and routines that have no practical meaning to those subordinates who have different backgrounds and aspirations. (6) To tell the truth, only pick good things to say These are some of the more common mistakes leaders make.Hiding dissatisfaction with subordinates and avoiding talking about their shortcomings is not honest thinking.That kind of conversation can't play a more positive role. (7) Tell the truth without reservation Speaking from your heart does not mean that you cannot retain some of your own views and opinions. "Being honest with each other" does not necessarily mean "being naked with each other". Leaders express their true thoughts and feelings when they talk, and they don't have to express them straight to the point.Because not everyone will be in awe of a leader who is open-minded and has no city.Some of them will judge the heart of a gentleman with the heart of a villain, thinking that this is just a trick to buy people's hearts; others will use your honesty to serve their own interests, and return good with bad.Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish between the occasion and the object when revealing feelings, and grasp the timing and method well, so that the gain will not outweigh the loss. On the eve of the Xi'an Incident, many patriotic generals had great opinions on Chiang Kai-shek's "to fight against the outside world, we must first secure the inside".Among them, there are many people who want to use force to reverse this situation. Both Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng have such an attitude.At that time, the two had frequent contacts, but no one expressed their true thoughts.Because this is a major matter related to their lives and the future of the country, both of them are very cautious.Always hesitant to talk, no one has pierced this layer of window paper. On this day, the two met again to discuss military issues.While chatting, Yang Hucheng talked about an adjutant named Wang Bingnan under him. Wang Bingnan was a member of the Communist Party and Zhang Xueliang also knew him.So Yang Hucheng said: "Wang Bingnan is a radical, and he strongly advocates detaining Chiang Kai-shek!" Zhang Xueliang said: "This idea is very radical, but it is also a solution." Seeing what Zhang Xueliang said, Yang Hucheng no longer hesitated, and expressed his thoughts truthfully.Zhang Xueliang was very happy when he heard that, so the two hit it off.Finally, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to unite with the Communist Party to resist Japan in the form of "military remonstrance", which led to the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. At that time, Zhang Xueliang was much more powerful than Yang Hucheng, and he was called brother and brother with Chiang Kai-shek.If Yang Hucheng rashly expressed his views to Zhang Xueliang, he would take a great risk.So he cleverly borrowed the mouth of a third party who was not present to express his heart, even if he was opposed, he could retreat unscathed.This way of revealing one's heart is indeed both safe and effective.Leaders may also wish to throw stones and ask for directions before showing their truest side, and test the other party's reaction, so that they will encounter fewer obstacles. Many facts have proved that the charm of speaking does not lie in how extravagantly you speak, but in whether you are good at expressing sincerity.The person who can best sell products is not necessarily the eloquent person, but he must be the person who is good at expressing sincerity. True feelings and honest words are the most precious things in the modern workplace.If a leader can fully demonstrate these two when speaking, it will definitely make the listener feel something.If you can advance and retreat as you please, then you have really mastered the art of speaking. When doing ideological work for employees, in addition to using their own image to influence people, leaders mainly communicate ideas, exchange feelings, resolve conflicts and deal with problems through language expression.In actual work, leaders will have this experience: some people will jump up when they hear the same sentence, while others will laugh when they hear it. There is a problem of language art in this. (1) Be affectionate "Emotion" is the starting point for doing a good job in the ideological and political work of employees and the driving force for coordinating interpersonal relationships.Therefore, when business leaders do ideological work, their language should be full of human touch and appeal, and they should be emotional and moving. This will stir their hearts and fully mobilize their enthusiasm. (2) Be reasonable Principles are the red line that runs through the entire process of ideological and political work.As an enterprise leader, when doing the ideological and political work of employees, the language should be full of philosophy, strong logic, simple and concise, and give people inspiration and deep thinking. (3) To speak with a degree Leaders must speak truthfully from facts, and they must not add embellishments or elevate them arbitrarily, making people suspicious or unreliable. (4) Have something to say When a leader speaks, he must have flesh and blood, pay attention to the unity of materials and viewpoints, and the combination of theory and practice, and don't talk high-spirited and make mysteries. (5) Keep your word As the saying goes: "Words must be believed, actions must be resolute." Enterprise leaders must keep their promises when speaking, be consistent with words and deeds, and be consistent in appearance and appearance. They use their words, deeds, and actions to create a good personality image and establish a leader's prestige. (6) Be beautiful in words When leaders are doing ideological and political work, the language should be elegant, giving people a fresh and beautiful feeling, making people feel comfortable and willing to accept it. (7) Make it fun Leaders and employees are politically equal comrades, and a harmonious and relaxed interpersonal relationship should be established between them.Therefore, business leaders should be easy-going and humorous when talking, so as to achieve the purpose of entertaining and entertaining. (8) Make something new Leaders are propagandists of the party's line, principles and policies, so they must have a sense of the times and freshness when speaking, and be able to bring new information, new knowledge and new content to enhance the strength and appeal of the speech. The intention expressed in the leader's speech needs to be followed, implemented, and handled by relevant organizations and individuals.Therefore, the leader's speech should be concise and refined, simple and natural, and full of aesthetic feeling. The intention expressed in the leader's speech needs to be followed, implemented, and handled by relevant organizations and individuals. It can be said that there is no room for negotiation.Therefore, the leader's speech should be concise and refined, simple and natural, and full of aesthetic feeling. Before a leader speaks, he must be clear about what problem he is talking about, what problem he is talking about, and what requirements are required to solve this problem.Once the theme is determined, it is necessary to select materials around the theme. Vocabulary and sentences that have nothing to do with the theme, no matter how beautiful and exciting, must be resolutely discarded. Everyone understands some common-sense or immediate meanings, so there is no need to repeat them in the speech.If you talk about some plausible, dispensable, and rambling clichés that have been said several times, in addition to being annoying, it will also suffocate people's thinking, be incompatible with the theme of the times, and be extremely harmful to the advancement of work. Simple and natural, that is, to use popular language as much as possible, without using uncommon words and phrases. In order for leaders to speak concisely and plainly, they need to pay attention to the following points: (1) Pertinent and truthful In order to make a public speech concise, it must be to the point.When speaking in public, it doesn't matter how long or short it is, the key is to be pertinent and truthful, and speak to the hearts of the audience.Not only are the audience unwilling to listen to those empty words and clichés, but they even feel that they are being tortured and it is a waste of time. If you want to speak incisively and concisely without dragging your feet, the key is to learn to generalize and be good at summarizing a lot of trivial things into short words in highly condensed language.The level of speech depends largely on the size of the generalization ability.If you don't know how to summarize, what you say will naturally appear straightforward and not concise enough.Therefore, how to achieve the purpose of refining language by improving one's own generalization ability is one of the basic abilities that leaders should possess. (2) Vertical summary Summarize some scattered factual materials into several or several points in a chronological or sequential order. (3) Horizontal summary According to the order of space, some fragmented, scattered, and complex factual materials in the horizontal direction are scientifically classified and summarized to make them clear and easy to remember. (4) Theoretical summary It is to analyze and study a large number of specific cases, and theoretically summarize them, so as to draw conclusions with essentiality, universality and regularity. Generalization is a basic ability of people to carry out abstract thinking.It is an important way and means to understand the truth, and it is also a skill and art to make language expression more accurate.When people exchange ideas, introduce situations, state opinions, and express opinions, in order to enable the other party to quickly understand their speech intentions and grasp the main points, they often use highly generalized and very concise language to express the essential characteristics of the problem in a nutshell.Many speakers are good at grasping the situation from a strategic point of view, grasping the crux of the problem, and expressing it in precise and concise language.Therefore, a speaker's speech should be general, and he must always grasp the essentials of generalization. (1) Summary of the facts It means that the speaker often lists some typical examples in his speech.From these cases, select the useful part that can explain the point of view as much as possible, discard other non-essential parts, and analyze, demonstrate, and reason along these typical cases to draw a guiding conclusion. (2) Concentrated summary It means that in the process of speaking in public, the speaker concentrates on some conclusive content, or content units that can exist independently, and turns them into extremely simple sentences, words or neat phrases, which leave a deep imprint on the audience's memory . For example: A Propaganda Minister of the Provincial Party Committee made such a speech on the problems existing in news organizations.He said: "In recent years, some news units have relaxed the construction of news teams, and the party's fine news traditions have been downplayed. Among some reporters, there has been a phenomenon of 'four more and four less': more people go to the coast, and more to go to the inland. More journalists go to the city, less to the countryside; more conferences, less research; more rich units, less poverty-stricken areas. Going deep into the masses, but getting used to holding meetings, staying in hotels, receiving gifts, reading presentations, and wielding pens. If this style of work does not change, I think it is very dangerous.” The four comparisons of "four more and four less" are used here, and five phrases are added, which is not only a very practical criticism, but also a superb summary. (3) Expand the generalization It refers to the reasoning method that extends the essential attributes of a single thing to the whole class of individuals to which it belongs, thereby summarizing the whole class of individuality. In the twenty-fourth year of King Qi Wei (333 BC), King Wei Hui and King Qi Wei went hunting together in the suburbs.King Wei Hui said in a somewhat boastful tone: "Do you have any rare treasures in your country? Although our country Wei is not big, we still have ten orbs with a diameter of one inch. These orbs are crystal clear, smooth, and exquisite. At night, the lights are shining and radiant, able to illuminate twelve cars in the front and rear. It is really a rare and rare treasure. How can your country not even have a decent national treasure? It’s a shame! It’s a shame. !" King Qi Wei smiled slightly and said: "The national treasure we are talking about is quite different from the national treasure you value: I have a minister named Tanzi who is currently guarding Nancheng. The powerful Chu people dare not harass the southern border of our country; I have a minister named Panzi who was stationed in Gaotang while sick. Net fishing has won a large amount of fishery income for the country; I have a minister named Qianfu who was sent to govern Xuzhou. He used both civil and military skills, and gave both kindness and power, so that many people from Yan and Yue moved here voluntarily. There are more than 7,000 families; I also have a minister called the head of the species who is responsible for maintaining order and arresting thieves. If we talk about national treasures, the above four outstanding talents are our national treasures. The brilliance reflected by their thoughts and achievements can shine even thousands of miles away. Where are those who only illuminate twelve cars? Orbs can compare!" When Wei Huiwang heard this, his face flushed with shame. King Qi Wei compared his "National Treasure" with that of King Wei Hui. The other's can only illuminate twelve cars, but he can indeed shine thousands of miles away and make the world peaceful.Thus revealing a truth - the real national treasure is talent. There is an old saying that "sincerity is enough to touch people". If a person speaks something to the point, how can he not be welcomed by the audience? In 1915, the miners of the Colorado Coal and Iron Company went on strike in order to demand better treatment. Because of the company's mishandling, the strike turned into a bloody tragedy, and both labor and management went to extremes.The strike, which lasted for two years, became a famous strike in the history of American industry.The person in charge of the mine at that time was the son of Rockefeller, the American oil magnate.The young Rockefeller initially used high-handed tactics and invited the army to suppress it, causing a bloody tragedy. Not only did the problem not be resolved, but the strike was prolonged and his property suffered even greater losses.Later, he changed his method and used a gentle method, temporarily putting aside the matter of the strike, and went to make friends with the workers, and went to the homes of various workers to condolences, so that the feelings of the two parties gradually improved.Later, he asked the workers to organize a delegation to negotiate a settlement with the management.He saw that the workers had lost some of their hostility towards him, and he made a very pertinent speech to the representatives of the strike movement.This speech completely solved the strike trend of the past two years. He said in that speech: "In my lifetime, today is probably the most memorable day. I am very honored, because I can meet you. If our meeting today was two weeks ago, then I Standing here would be a stranger; because I know only a very small number of your faces. I had the opportunity to go to the tents in the South Coal District to see it, and I had a private individual with you representatives Talk; I have seen your families, met your wives and children, everyone is very polite to me, and completely treats me as one of my own. So, today we meet here, we are no longer strangers We are friends now. Now, in the spirit of mutual friendship, let us discuss our interests together. This is very gratifying. Attending this meeting are representatives of the employees and workers of the factory. Thanks to your great love, I can meet you here and work hard to resolve all conflicts and become good friends with each other. I will never forget this great friendship in my life. Our careers and futures have expanded infinitely since then. Bright. Personally, although I represent the board of directors of the company today, I am not in an opposing position with you. I think we all have a close relationship and friendship. Our life issues related to each other, Now I would like to propose to discuss it with you, let us make a long-term plan together to obtain a satisfactory solution that both parties can take into account, because this is something that is beneficial to everyone..." 小洛克菲勒的讲话，虽没有华丽的辞藻，但话语中肯，引起了矿工广泛的共鸣，一下使自己脱离了困境。 说话除了话语中肯之外，还要言之有物，两者相辅相成，才能达到预期的效果。 《周易·家人》：“君子以言有物，而行有恒。”人们在日常生活中都会遇到这样的情况，不管是听别人作讲座，领导作报告，还是和周围的人聊天，都会碰到言之无物、空洞乏味的时候，上面讲得很热闹，下面听众却觉得困顿乏味，嫌内容假大空，虚无缥缈，不知所云。听众最怕听到的演讲言之无物，不知所云。 为什么会出现言之无物的情况呢？要究其根本，问题在于谈话者、演讲者没有很好地理解自己的演讲内容。自己都不明白为什么要说话，怎么能期待给听众一个内容充实、言之有物的演讲呢？要解决这个问题其实并不困难，简单地说就是要很充分地精心准备自己的演讲内容，在演讲、讲话之前比较透彻地理解问题。 有一天，林肯律师事务所来了一位行走蹒跚的年老寡妇，她是一位阵亡士兵的妻室。她向林肯泣诉，说她应该领取的四百元的抚恤金，被一位发放抚恤金的官吏，勒索去二百元的手续费。这件事，林肯听了勃然大怒，立刻为她向法庭对那位官吏提起诉讼。 开庭的时候，林肯用愤怒的目光看着被告，他所说的话，差不多每个字都十分中肯且言之有物，那种严正的态度、热烈的情感，几乎使他跳起来剥掉那位被告的皮：“时间一直向前迈进，在1776年的英雄，已经成为过去了，他们是被安置在另一个世界中了。但是，那位英雄，已经长眠地下，他的年老衰颓而且又跛的遗孀，此刻来到我们的前面，请求替她申冤。在过去，她也是体态轻盈、声音曼妙的美丽的少女，现在她贫无所依了，没有办法，只好来向享受革命先烈所争取到的自由的我们，请求给予同情的帮助和人道的保护。我现在所要问的是，我们是不是应该援助她？” 当林肯这样的一段中肯的话说完了，居然有人感慨得流下眼泪，大家一致认为那老妇人的抚恤金是分文不能少给的。法庭最后分文不少地追回了士兵遗孀的抚恤金，严肃审判了那个官吏。