Chapter 2 Chapter 1 Being able to speak is a kind of leadership capital

Speaking has a lot to do with the progress of one's career, and it is the main embodiment of a person's strength. - Franklin The so-called leadership is a relative concept, subordinates to superiors, leaders to subordinates, and comrades internally and externally.But its basic characteristics are: having a certain job title, taking the work of being a human being as its main work object, being in a commanding and commanding position in a region, a department, or a unit, and guiding, guiding and guiding the surrounding and subordinates role of people.In order to fulfill one's responsibilities, to seek government affairs in one's position, and to be a competent leader trusted by superiors and supported by subordinates, one must be good at expressing oneself in a positive way and influencing subordinates.

Throughout history, statesmen, military strategists, diplomats, and social activists, without exception, are quick-thinking, articulate, and expressive language masters.Leaders shoulder the important task of implementing the party's line, principles, and policies, formulating development decisions for the company and its department, leading subordinates and the masses, and achieving the established grand goals.The leader's intention, will, index system, work measures and methods are all inseparable from the superb language expression ability. It makes sense that people who are clumsy and tongue-in-cheek are not good leaders.In real life, there are many examples of not speaking speculatively, speaking inappropriately, inappropriate methods, intensifying conflicts, and messing things up; not good at understanding the psychology of the masses, not good at using language skills, not talking about methods and methods, not looking at objects and occasions There are many cases where the masses take the leader's words as a deaf ear to the public; good intentions are not understood by others, and good intentions are not rewarded well. They are so faint that they make people obvious, and they are not good at doing in-depth, meticulous, emotional and reasonable ideological work. , and the results are not uncommon.All of these are directly related to the leader's language skills.

The so-called eloquence, as the name suggests, is the ability of oral communication, in other words, is good at speaking.An ancient Greek fable compares the tongue to a monster because it can use the most beautiful words to praise people, and it can also use the most vicious words to curse people. Talk about being a king.That's why we have the old saying that "a good word will warm the winter three times, and a bad word will hurt others and the six months will be cold".With the rapid development of economy and society, being able to speak is playing an increasingly important role in all areas of today's social life, and the importance of eloquence to individuals has been recognized by the whole society.Especially in the critical period when economic globalization and informatization are in-depth development, and the transitional period of China's accession to the WTO is advancing, good eloquence has become an indispensable and important capital for leaders at all levels in China.

Therefore, we have reason to believe that in today's civilized society, whoever can control the wonderful "tongue" can change his life. (1) Strength capital Throughout the ages, there have been a large number of cases where people have prospered because of their eloquence, or have died or lost their country because of their eloquence. In ancient times, more than 2,000 years ago, the king of Macedonia led an army to expedition to India. It was midsummer, and the soldiers were thirsty.The king had no choice but to send people to look for water, but only found a glass of water.The king raised his glass of water and shouted to the soldiers: "Now I have found a glass of water, and where there is water, there is a source of water. In order to find the source of water, go forward!" After speaking, he poured the precious glass of water on the ground.Inspired by the king's words, the soldiers were excited and rushed to the front line tenaciously to win the war.The sage Confucius in our country made full use of his three-inch tongue and sowed the spiritual thought of "peace is the most precious" that has influenced to this day.

In contemporary times, people rely on words to maintain family ties, build friendships, and pursue love, and people's lives have become rich and colorful; in business, people use words to strengthen and maintain various relationships and expand development space; in personal growth, people Gain knowledge by speaking, enrich and strengthen yourself, constantly pursue or improve your life goals, and so on.Because of this, Mayakovsky said: "Language is the commander of human power." It means that the importance of exquisite oral expression art in social life and interpersonal communication is immeasurable.Franklin also said that speech has a lot to do with career progress, and it is the main embodiment of a person's strength.

(2) Business capital Eloquence can determine the success or failure of a person's career.Because, in the actual communication environment, the level of speaking in public is high, and the ability to speak well can correctly understand the intention of the superior and express it appropriately.And a submissive and incoherent person is certainly not up to his job.Only by letting leaders, colleagues, and the masses understand you at a deeper level through speech, can everyone trust you, have the opportunity to be promoted to a higher position, be qualified for more important tasks, and have the opportunity to display your talents and succeed in your career.

As Thomas, an American researcher of human behavior science, pointed out: "The ability to speak is a shortcut to fame. It can make people prominent and stand out from the crowd. People who can speak eloquently often make people respect, be loved and supported by others. It Make a person's talent and learning fully expand, shine brightly, get twice the result with half the effort, and achieve outstanding performance." He even asserted: "Half of the miracles that happen to successful people are created by eloquence." This is true in real life.We often see or hear that the success or failure of a business is often achieved in a conversation.If someone speaks inadvertently, then it is impossible for him to gain the sympathy of others, and it is impossible to get cooperation and help from others.The facts of countless successful people have shown that daring to speak in public and being good at speaking are the catalysts for a successful career, and are directly related to the success or failure of a career.

On New Year's Day 1983, the Queen of England conferred a knighthood on Gordon Reese, who had served as an adviser to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for many years.Its main achievements include: effectively improving Mrs. Thatcher's speech ability and ability to answer reporters' questions; writing a popular speech for Mrs. Thatcher... In a word, creating a brand new " The image of a female prime minister who is graceful, graceful but not overly luxurious, elegant in conversation, and friendly and natural." At present, in the developed capitalist countries, the level of speaking in public is regarded as an important criterion for judging outstanding talents. Every company and enterprise recruits various talents and must also conduct oral examinations.In Japan, the eastern part of Asia, the regulations of major companies reflect the fact that speaking is closely related to career, and it is one of the most important conditions for being qualified for one's job.Because the shrewd Japanese know that knowledge is wealth and eloquence is capital.This principle is also applicable in the environment of my country's increasingly open and sound market economy.

(3) Fengdu Capital Demeanor, as an external expression of a person's temperament and character, is composed of a person's demeanor, manners, and speech.Especially for leaders, people's admiration for their beauty is the awe-inspiring aesthetic feeling evoked by the sublime beauty hidden in it.The beauty of demeanor, which is characterized by sublime, needs to be reflected by the appropriate beauty of demeanor, manners and speech.Such as self-confidence, solemnity, and calmness in demeanor; elegance, prudence, and free and easy in manner; wisdom, quickness, and sincerity in speech, etc., are all conducive to expressing the sublime beauty in demeanor.Among them, confident demeanor, elegant manners and wise words are the main signs of sophistication, deepness, majesty and strength.

Words of wisdom are the best way to show a leader's sophistication.Sophistication of a leader is different from slickness. It is synonymous with a leader who is calm, quick-witted and experienced.The chief form of this poise, quick wit, and experience is in wise speech.When someone expresses a thought or exposes a deceit, his words are concise, sharp, and to the point, so that his opponents are at a loss; Their composure and sophistication are shown to a great extent. Such is the demeanor of Premier Zhou Enlai.Here is an example: When China and the United States were preparing to establish diplomatic relations, former US Secretary of State Kissinger once said to Premier Zhou Enlai: "I found that you Chinese like to walk with your back arched, while most of us Americans walk with our chests out! Why is that?" Premier Zhou replied, "It's easy to understand. When we Chinese go uphill, of course we arch our backs; when you Americans go downhill, of course you keep your chest up." After finishing speaking, haha laugh.The Prime Minister's answer was both retort and half-joking; it did not affect the friendly atmosphere of the conversation, and it was in line with the scene and the identity of the speaker.

(4) Necessary capital The so-called leader is the leader of all.No matter which industry or which level of leadership, they command and speak for a group or group.Practice has shown that good eloquence is an indispensable and important capital for a good leader.This is because, if a leader wants to lead people well, handle things well, and manage things well, he must guide them in words and implement them in deeds.In other words, leadership speech runs through the entire leadership activity and leadership process. Without leadership speech, leadership activities will not be realized, and leaders who are not good at speech cannot achieve effective leadership. Every leader in the ever-changing era of globalization and information technology is faced with opportunities and challenges, difficulties and hopes.Meticulous thinking and excellent eloquence are undoubtedly the catalyst and accelerator for every leader to pursue a successful life.As a leader, there will be a lot of public activities, and it will often become the focus and center of various occasions and activities. People also hope to often hear the thoughts and voices of leaders, and leadership speeches have become difficult. Shirk and indispensable routine.If the level of speech is not good and the artistry is not strong, it will not only cause dereliction of duty, dereliction of duty and identity, but also have unpredictable adverse consequences, and the leader will also bear the corresponding leadership responsibilities. In the early days of World War II, the fascist leader Adolf Hitler skillfully used his three-inch tongue to incite the Germans who did not know the truth to support him in launching the shameful war of aggression, and finally made himself on a path of no return. road.It was also because of an impromptu speech full of emotion that American wartime President Roosevelt won the unanimous support of the people for leading the United States to a decisive battle with Japan, and finally achieved a complete victory in the war against Japan. Therefore, leaders who are eloquent, eloquent, and eloquent are increasingly showing a unique advantage.As Dale Carnegie, an American eloquence education expert, said: "15% of a person's success depends on knowledge and technology, and 85% depends on communication—the ability to express one's own opinions and the ability to inspire enthusiasm in others." A person's eloquence activities are inseparable from the basic forms of mental activities such as perception, observation, memory, thinking, and imagination.A person's temperament, personality, ability and other individual psychological characteristics directly determine the level of eloquence, style, and even social value.Similarly, if a leader wants to speak beautifully, an important prerequisite is to build a language warehouse with rich and colorful content in his mind.If you can master all kinds of vivid vocabulary, novel sentence patterns and other language elements and use them flexibly, then your speech will definitely become witty and fascinating. Language is made up of two parts, vocabulary and grammar.Vocabulary is the basic material of language, and grammar is the rules of language combination.To master the language, you must first master the vocabulary.Although the number of language vocabulary is huge, there are connections between them. For example, in terms of meaning, there are synonyms and antonyms; in terms of composition, there are general vocabulary and basic vocabulary.The language combination is also organized: there are declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, and exclamatory sentences; there are different categories of long sentences and short sentences, whole sentences and loose sentences in form.If a leader wants to talk successfully with objects of different status, identity, occupation, and gender, he needs to be contextually connected with the characteristics of the other party.This requires a rich language base. How can I enrich my vocabulary?Accumulation is of course the most important method.But when accumulating, there should be a clear direction: which words should be mastered more, which sentences are often used... In a sense, the most important means of improving language expression ability is to master the use of various synonyms flexibly.Comrade Mao Zedong wrote in "Opposition Party Stereotypes": "If an article or a speech is turned upside down, there are always a few nouns, a set of student accents, and no lively language. Isn't this language tasteless and disgusting? Are you like a bum?" Empty and boring language can hardly make people interested in listening, and poor language can hardly make the listener receive enough information.Although the vocabulary is limited, an infinite number of sentences can be generated through different combinations.Synonyms are the link to combine different sentences.Therefore, we must pay attention to distinguishing and memorizing synonyms. In addition to paying attention to synonyms, the accumulation of vocabulary is also very important.This includes the accumulation of basic vocabulary and general vocabulary.These two types of vocabulary are the most common vocabulary in our daily life, they are used the most and frequently, and their meanings are expressed most clearly.The memory of such vocabulary is the most basic. But only by mastering the basic vocabulary and the use of general vocabulary, we can only build a simple language framework. If we want to speak with flesh and blood, we need to learn and accumulate classical Chinese, professional terms, and new vocabulary. The use of classical Chinese can turn decay into magic, giving the language a sense of vicissitudes of history.Although many of the things referred to in ancient vocabulary no longer exist, or the meanings of modern vocabulary are quite different, but using these ancient vocabulary at the right time and occasion can express a certain kind of special emotional color and effect. It can give the listener a historical and cultural charm, and can also convey a special complex; it can be solemn and serious, and it can also be ironic and humorous. When speaking with people in a different field of expertise than your own, if you can grasp the industry jargon, you will be able to communicate better with them.Appropriate use of industry terminology to enrich the speech in leadership work will make the language show a unique professional atmosphere.If the leader skillfully borrows the other party's terminology, it can improve the rapport of the conversation. The emergence of new words constantly improves and enriches the expressive ability of language.Accumulating such new words is not only increasing the vocabulary, but also a kind of learning of new things.It can make your speech reveal the breath of the times. If you have already mastered a rich vocabulary, let us now see how to connect a bunch of ordinary words into pleasant sentences.First, let's look at three magic phrases. Everyone is eager to discover a trick to become a master of eloquence.In fact, if you learn these three phrases, your build-up of vocabulary will be worthwhile.These three magic phrases are: "Like..." "For example..." "Imagine...". Through the reasonable use of these three phrases, your speech can attract the attention of the audience at the first time, and make them think along your train of thought.For example, if you are asked to persuade others to participate in voluntary blood donation.what would you sayYou can of course report all kinds of statistics showing how many people need blood transfusions every day, and how scarce the blood supply is at the same time.However, if you add this sentence, then this person will donate blood in all likelihood: "Imagine, when your lover encounters an accident and needs blood transfusion immediately, but finds that the blood bank is not enough blood." Here's another good example of using the phrase "like."There was an article in the "New York Times": A probe spacecraft flew to Jupiter at a speed of 170,000 kilometers per hour.This number is far beyond the imagination of ordinary people; many people have no concept of such a speed-until they read the next sentence: "It is like flying from New York to San Francisco in a minute and a half." Same." With this sentence, a very vivid picture will appear in the mind of every American.It shows how powerful a simple phrase can be. Frequent use of such phrases in conversation will immediately enrich your language, image and vividness.If "such as" appears in your conversation, the listener's interest will be captured immediately.They know you need to communicate your intentions in a more visual way.Of course, there are not only these three magic phrases, there are more magic phrases that you need to discover from your life. The vocabulary we are talking about does not just refer to vocabulary and phrases. When we talk to others, if we can add some appropriate idioms, allusions, famous quotes and so on, it will immediately raise your words to a higher level.They can make your words more reliable and persuasive.If you can insert another story every now and then, you can completely captivate your audience. (1) Use spare time to read more books, especially authoritative works.When you have to make a solid and widely accepted argument, you will see how important it is to read a few books. (2) Don't think that anecdotes are just people's gossip.Because, in order to prove a certain point of yours, it is very necessary to supplement it with a small anecdote or a short story.Eloquent leaders are good at using anecdotes and personal experiences to break up the dull conversation atmosphere and establish rapport with subordinates or listeners.Of course what sticks in your mind has to be an engaging and indeed thought-provoking story. (3) The accumulation of famous sayings is essential.This is not only because famous quotes can be inspiring to yourself, but when you quote famous quotes to persuade others, your words will also have the breath of great men.Many famous quotes have gone through the baptism of the years and become concise, profound and memorable.The quotes you need to remember don't need to belong to the most famous celebrities, but they must be relevant to the topic of your topic. (4) The accumulation of language is a very long process.The key is to develop cumulative habits and to use these languages ​​continuously in everyday conversation.Only in this way can one's own language library become all-encompassing. In work and career, as a leader, you can speak, and you can make full use of your language and communication skills to persuade others, so that the work can be carried out smoothly, and you can have both sides.Can't speak, some simple things may be very complicated to deal with, not to mention relying on language to assign work, maintain image, establish authority, etc.From this we can see the difference between being able to speak and not being able to speak. Being able to speak is a kind of leadership capital of a leader, but not being able to speak is like a disaster for a leader. Here, we may wish to test ourselves from the following points, and by the way, summarize the matters that we should pay attention to in our future speeches: (1) Will you be obedient? Speaking is an art that requires a certain skill to perform, a skill we must recognize and master before we can achieve the success we want to have.To be able to speak, one must first be able to listen.When speaking, you must recognize the other party, consider the other party's reaction, be frank and straightforward, be careful, and the speaking time should not be too long, let alone explain to the end by one person.When speaking, you should not be the only one who excludes everyone, because the purpose of speaking is to explain something and make people interested.Therefore, speak clearly, understand, be frank, and be easy to understand, and give the other party enough time to speak. (2) Is there any reason Bai Juyi said: "No one moves people's hearts before emotion." If a leader's feelings are not sincere, he will not be able to escape the eyes of hundreds of audiences, and he will not be able to move the hearts of the audience. In 1858, the famous American politician Lincoln said in a campaign debate: "You can fool some of the people all the time, and you can fool all the people some of the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time." This famous political motto became Lincoln's motto.During World War II, when British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who was nearly seventy years old, was dictating to his secretary a speech on mobilization against the fascist war, he was as excited as a child and wept.His speech this time was soul-stirring and greatly inspired the anti-fascist fighting spirit of the British people. If a person speaks flamboyantly and lacks sincere and warm emotions, although he can deceive the ears of the audience, he will never win the hearts of the audience. With the effect of enriching the content, every word will be expressed affectionately, and every sentence will be soul-stirring. (3) Did you make others feel uneasy? In our daily interactions, we should not attempt to reveal the privacy of others, let alone "attack" others. This is the most basic principle for talking with people.When talking, you must first respect the other party, and secondly, be sincere and put yourself in other people's shoes. That is to say, you must keep a sense of proportion when talking and avoid any elements that may hurt others.Even if the other party does have shortcomings, you can't hold on to them and chatter endlessly. The polite way can only be tactful criticism, and enough is enough.In short, no matter what the content of the conversation is, as long as you treat others with respect, you can get corresponding returns. (4) Is the word "I" flying all over the sky? Henry Ford once said: "The boring person is the one who puts his fist in his mouth, and he is also the monopoly of the word 'I'." Indeed, many people always use the word "I" in command.For example, at a cocktail party, the host used dozens of "I" words within ten minutes: my car, my villa, my garden, my puppy, I think... the audience was very disgusted. If you keep talking about me, regardless of the listener's mood or reaction, it will inevitably arouse the boredom and disgust of the other party.Conversation is like driving a car. You should always pay attention to traffic signs, that is to say, you must always pay attention to the attitude and reaction of the listener. Always be self-centered, which will inevitably lead to disgust from others. (5) Is there anyone left out? To exclude others from a conversation is as absurd and inconceivable as to exclude guests from a banquet.Always remember not to miss anyone, keep your eyes on everyone around you, pay attention to their facial expressions and reactions to your conversation.In a gathering of many people, there are often a few people who are ruthlessly ignored. If the person who is left out by you happens to be someone who is crucial to your career in the future, what will be the consequence? Don't snub anyone, no matter how obnoxious his behavior is. "Don't do to others what you don't want done to you", you should think about how it feels to be left out.If you want to make others feel that your conversation is full of enthusiasm, so they have a good impression and interest in you, don't make people "cold" there. (6) Did you interrupt others? People who have the habit of interrupting others when they are talking are most likely to be annoying. This is a sign of lack of manners.There is nothing more unbearable than interrupting someone.For example, when others are speaking, don't use other people's words to interrupt, and don't make irrelevant opinions to interrupt, and don't interrupt with trivial matters.All in all, try not to interrupt others when they are speaking.Interruptions are only necessary when the speech is dragged on for too long as "a slut's foot-binding--stinky and long," or when the speech is jeered by the crowd, or when the speaker speaks out loud without looking at anyone else. The power of eloquence is infinite. As a leader, if you want to develop excellent eloquence, you must first have the same excellent internal quality.First of all, he must have good moral character, and he must be both principled and flexible in his conduct. Talent without virtue will not win the hearts of the people, nor will he become a master.Secondly, there must be profound knowledge. Only with solid knowledge as a foundation can a person have his own views and insights, and will not be confused by the complicated phenomena in society, and can make scientific decisions in enterprise management.In the tide of modern knowledge economy, an excellent leader not only needs profound professional knowledge, but also needs extensive knowledge structure.Third, leaders have excellent psychological qualities, they can work normally under great pressure, and have good psychological endurance.Fourth, the leader should be a fully mature person, with warm and stable emotions, and his dealings with others are natural and reasonable, which is close to the old saying "do whatever you want without breaking the rules". (1) Good moral character The relationship between leadership morality and language is very close.The beauty and ugliness of a leader's speech is inseparable from his moral character.Because a person's language will show his thoughts and character, and of course it can show his moral level.When people comment on a person's article, they often say "the article is like the person".In fact, a leader speaks more like a person in social interactions.Therefore, the level of the leader's speech represents his moral level to a certain extent. India's first post-independence Prime Minister Nehru followed Mahatma Gandhi at the beginning of his political career and supported the movement led by Gandhi.Gandhi himself admired him very much and had high hopes for him.Gandhi often exchanged views with Nehru on various issues and took the initiative to promote him to a leadership position. Due to Gandhi's role, Nehru's status in the Congress Party rose rapidly.Although Nehru was arrested and imprisoned nine times, he never gave up his political ambitions and ideals.What's even more valuable is that Nehru did not follow Gandhi blindly. He was not afraid of difficulties and conducted investigations in Europe, and his views on many issues have already surpassed Gandhi's.He has always been at the forefront of the Indian national liberation movement, and he proposed the political goal of "complete independence" for India, which was widely supported by the Indian people.His good character, such as his firm belief in the revolution and his vision, is deeply respected and trusted by the Indian people. A politician needs a good character because he is to lead effectively, and a leader needs to lead effectively, so a leader also needs to have a good character. With his perfect moral character, Washington won the trust of the new United States and became the first president and the first leader of the new United States.Many of the delegates at that time elected General Washington as President, and decided according to their opinion of Washington's moral character how much power they should give the President.It can be seen that a good moral character is the basis for creating an excellent leader, and a bad moral character often becomes the fetters of a leader's success. In a modern enterprise, a leader's good moral character is helpful to the realization of effective management. It can strengthen the integrity of the enterprise, make the leader and the leader share weal and woe, and depend on each other, so as to realize the business objectives of the enterprise.Just imagine how a leader with low moral character but with great power can implement effective leadership?Some politicians are dismissive of moral character, as are some leaders who have contempt for morality."Virtue is not what makes a great leader superior to others," they say. This perception is fundamentally wrong, and it equates power with artifice.Power tactics are often unscrupulous. Under a power mechanism that is not democratic and transparent, it may work, but under a mechanism that is democratized and transparent, it often makes it difficult for leaders to take a single step.Therefore, effective leadership can only be achieved if morality is recognized.Otherwise everything is empty talk.Therefore, as a leader, you must always keep in mind the saying "Treat others as human beings above others, and treat yourself as human beings below others".Treat people with sincerity and lead by example, so as to convince subordinates and gain their support and love.Only with noble moral character can you have a strong personality charm and make your subordinates support you from the heart instead of superficial flattery.Leaders must attract employees through their own moral qualities.Employees often express admiration for the leader's ability and then obey, but more often they are moved by the leader's moral character, which leads to unconditional obedience and trust.Therefore, leaders should pay attention to the cultivation of their own moral character. Although they cannot be a great person, they must be able to be a person with high moral cultivation. (2) Abundant knowledge American speech scientist Dale Carnegie said: "We are regulated by what we say every day. The words we speak show the degree of our cultivation. He makes discerning audiences understand what kind of people we are with, it is A measure of our education and literacy." The wider the leader's knowledge, the higher his own quality, and the more solid and reliable the leader's eloquence and communication skills will be.As a leader, if you want to have good eloquence, you must first improve your cultural knowledge and cultural accomplishment. We know that people with higher cultural knowledge and cultural accomplishment generally speak well.As a leader, the key to whether the words he speaks is pleasant and moving depends on the knowledge he has mastered.The more knowledge you reserve and the more flexible you use it, the more effective and artistic your conversations and expressions will be.The improvement of leadership eloquence is inseparable from the reserve of knowledge content. The conditions for eloquence display are not static, but change with different occasions and conditions. This requires leaders to have rich knowledge and experience. The leader's possession of materials and accumulation of knowledge is "Han Xin orders troops, the more the better."From the specific point of view of language application, knowledge is the soil for the success of thoughts and feelings.Knowledge is the basis for the brilliance and charm of eloquence.Possessing a wealth of knowledge, no matter when or where you are, you can adapt to the situation and take advantage of it. The more knowledge you have, the greater the amount of information you will pass on to the audience, the deeper the reasoning, and the clearer your views will be. to be more influential. So what are the ways to accumulate knowledge and collect materials?In addition to studying extensively on your own, you should also observe carefully and experience life phenomena and social phenomena by your ears and eyes. These should become the source of your own knowledge. Pater, who was re-elected Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, loved speeches since he was a child.He has accumulated knowledge in many aspects, extensively covering Rock's psychology, Smith's economics, Shakespeare's plays and historical biographies of famous figures.His principle is: "Everything that can increase knowledge should be learned." He was only 23 years old when he became a lawyer and member of parliament.Pater was in power for seventeen years, and his oratory skills played a huge role in his political career. As a leader, to train yourself to be good at speaking and communicating, first of all, you must have the courage to pour out the "goods" in your stomach for everyone to see, and let everyone think that the way of "pouring" is very artistic and makes people feel very comfortable. Then, Such leadership is half the battle. Modern society has entered an era of knowledge economy, which requires leaders not only to have new knowledge, but also to have a knowledge structure that is different from traditional leaders. It should be a "factory" structure, where "一" stands for leaders Horizontal transferable knowledge shows the broadness of the leader's knowledge; "丿" represents the vertical professional knowledge that the leader should possess, which shows the depth of the leader's knowledge.If an expert leader has more extensive horizontal knowledge, it will be even more powerful, and his career will also go to a higher level. The British thinker Bacon said: "Reading is enough to make people happy and talented; reading history makes people wise; reading poetry makes people smart; mathematics makes people thoughtful; science makes people profound; ethics makes people solemn; the study of logic and rhetoric makes people kind. Debate. Anyone who learns becomes a character.” Leaders with poor knowledge are often short-sighted, narrow-minded, and superficial.I believe that all aspiring leaders will work harder on the foundation of "knowledge", so that the tree of eloquence will flourish.Only when a leader possesses profound knowledge can he think about problems without being limited by subject knowledge and let his imagination run wild.In the conversation, he can easily quote from many sources, and the analysis and evaluation are well-founded.The words spoken by such a leader will have a strong personality charm, which will make the listeners admire and admire. (3) Good psychological quality Mr. Lu Xun once analyzed that the reason why some people are "in a hurry to speak" is not because they don't have time to think, but because they don't think when they have time.Although a person's psychological quality is intangible and tangible, it actually determines a person's expression and reaction. This is what "flustered and incoherent" is saying.Mr. Lu Xun analyzed the deep-seated reasons, which are the accumulated problems in daily life.But we must see that "being too anxious to speak out" is always related to psychological quality and psychological factors.If you are nervous, not good at controlling and regulating your emotions, and are easily disturbed by the surrounding environment, it is very likely that you will be hindered when you are ready. During World War II, the Netherlands was occupied by the German army, and the Dutch government-in-exile established its headquarters in London.The prime minister of the Netherlands rarely travels abroad and barely speaks English.When he met Churchill once, he stretched out his hand and said in a friendly manner as soon as he saw Churchill: "Good-bye." Churchill was stunned for a moment, and replied: "Sir, I really hope that all political meetings are so short and to the point." Here, Churchill's quick response and good-natured humor are shown. At the same time, it is also seen that the prime minister of the Dutch government-in-exile is a little nervous. Although he "rarely goes abroad", he has been abroad after all. ", but understand some polite language after all.Besides, the prime minister of a European government may not even know when to say "Good-bye"!The reason for this joke was mainly because he was a little nervous when he saw Churchill, the famous prime minister. As an excellent leader, if you want to develop excellent eloquence, you must not be afraid of making a fool of yourself. Instead, you must reflect on the reasons for making a fool of yourself every time, and you will slowly come to a conclusion. As long as you speak in public, you must try to enter A kingdom of psychological freedom and an egoless state. (4) mature emotion A leader should be a full-fledged person, with warm and stable emotions, and his dealings with others are natural and reasonable, which is close to the old saying "do what you want without breaking the rules".Because only a truly emotionally mature person can clearly understand the psychology of others when he speaks, and his words can touch people's hearts, conquer others, and fully demonstrate his leadership charm. Most management scientists agree that leaders' ability to speak is shaped by their emotional makeup.当领导们需要在时间紧迫情况下说出具有决定性话语的时候，或者当他们不轻松或失去信心的时候而要作出决定的时候，他们的情感因素发挥了至关重要的作用。典型的说法包括：“当身体或感情出现压力的时候，我的错误决定就来了”，“当我连自己都不相信的时候，事情大多是搞错了”。 因此，处理好高级职责带来的感情压力是个重要问题，这不仅因为它可能削弱领导的决策能力，而且也是为他们的总体健康着想。有些因素在领导处理问题的能力方面扮演了重要角色，这些因素包括他们的个性、生活方式以及他们从其他人那里得到支持。这里，我们要集中探讨一下领导在面临难题时的精神状态和精神恢复能力，也就是领导在说话时候的情感成熟程度。 智慧的言辞最利于表现领导者的成熟和老练。领导者的成熟和老练不同于油滑，它是领导者沉着冷静、才思敏捷和富于经验的代名词。体现这种沉着冷静、才思敏捷和富于经验的最主要的形式便是富于智慧的言谈。有人在表达一种思想或揭露一场骗局时，言简意赅、语言犀利、切中要害，以至令对手语塞，甘拜下风；有人善于机敏巧妙地回答任何难题，既应对自如，又无懈可击，如此等等，均可在很大程度上表现出他们的成熟和老练。 不管是哪一个行业或哪一个层级的领导，要想把人带领好、把事情处理好、把物管理好，就必须导之于言而施之于行。可以说，领导者立权立威的过程就是立言立行的过程。 领导要想说服下属，以语言打动下属的心，真正做到“导人心者必导之于言”，就必须时刻注意自己的言行举止，做到以下几点。 （1）齐家必先修身 领导的思想道德、个人品质方面必须要达到一定的标准和水平。领导者培养自己的性格和品行就是自我修养。孔子一生不懈地教化民众，要人们修身、齐家、治国、平天下。修身为第一要素。 作为一名领导，好口才是以一个人的个性和品德修养为依托的。这就是说领导者的个性修养一定要符合自己的身份地位。一个有口才的领导者应具备哪些修养呢？ 概括地说，一个有修养的领导，不仅要具备科学的思想，还要有高尚的道德品质和个性品格。领导的个性品格之所以重要，是因为它会影响着整个团队的情绪和行事风格。 一个团结的集体不但要靠科学、严密的管理制度来约束每一个成员的行为规范，更要靠融洽、和睦的环境来激发每一个成员的积极性和创造力。领导者的个人品德就是打开这扇门的钥匙。首先从领导者开始，只有以德服人才能以情感人，若虚情假意，让团队中充满了虚伪与欺骗，到最后只能是分崩离析。 （2）正人必先正己 领导者要加强自身道德修养，起到表率和模范的作用，谦虚礼貌地对待自己的下属，不要以下命令的方式去管理。“上清而无欲，则下正而民朴。”要求下属做的，自己首先做到；禁止别人做的，自己坚决不做。 领导语言和道德品质的关系是很密切的。因为一个人的语言会表现出他的想法和性格，当然也可以表现出他的道德水平。领导的道德水平一旦通过语言表现出来，那么对下属和整个集体的影响是相当大的。领导拥有高尚的道德情操，下属对你更加信服，使整个团队更加团结。相反，低劣的道德水平会让下属对你心灰意冷，同时会助长团队中的不良作风蔓延，并最终导致团队人心涣散，直至走向灭亡。 领导者要时刻谨记“在人之上要视人为人，在人之下要视己为人”这句话，诚恳待人，以身作则，这样才能使得下属信服，获得下属的支持和爱戴。只有具备高尚的品德，才能有强大的人格魅力，才能够使下属发自内心地拥护你，而不是表面上的恭维奉承。 （3）说话目标清晰明朗 领导的语言要表达出一个清晰的目标。即使有时候需要你的表达方式要含蓄隐讳，但一定要给下属一个清楚的目标。领导讲话不能含糊不清，指令不明，这样会令下属难以判断，无法很好地完成任务。 （4）语言的表述要考虑到下属的具体情况 领导讲话要具体情况具体分析。例如，下属的性格特点、自身素质、心理和士气等细节问题，这样，才能使下属对你的话心服口服。但在突出“领导霸气”的同时，也要表现出你对下属的关怀，并尽量使两者融会贯通。这也是领导者以语言驾驭全局的根本所在。 总之，作为一个领导者，要想能很好地以语言驾驭局势和下属，就要把话说到点子上，把话说到下属的心坎里。要做到这一点，需要时刻牢记冷静地分析局势，认清有利于自己的方面。并且，在和下属沟通时要时刻从下属的角度出发审视一下自己的话语。用话语将自己的想法明明白白地阐述出来，使下属变成自己忠实的拥护者，这样就会很好地控制住全局。 朱自清先生曾说过：“人生不外言动，除了动就只有言，所谓人情世故，一半儿是在说话里。”所以，对于21世纪的现代领导者来说，拥有好的口才至关重要。 试想一下，你是否曾面对过如此尴尬的情境： 当面对着一群满怀期待的听众需要你讲几句简单的话时，你却张口结舌、磕磕绊绊、语无伦次；当需要当众发表就职演说时，心脏骤然间怦怦乱跳、冷汗直冒、手脚发软、牙齿打战，紧接着脑子一片空白，现场气氛尴尬到极点，到处弥漫着失望的气息；当面临一场艰苦的谈判时，却总也找不到说服对方的突破点；当需要你率领下属应对市场的严峻挑战时，却怎么也唤不起众人的力量；当深陷于纷扰的关系时，却难以把握协调关系、赢得信任的良机…… 也许这时，你会发现：自己完全没有说话的才能。这对于一位领导来说，简直是一种致命的缺陷！ 身为领导，说话的能力是必不可少的。领导说话水平高，大至影响一个国家的富强，一个政党的兴旺，以及一个地区经济社会的快速协调发展，小至影响一个企业的发展前景，一个团队的内部和谐，以及一个部门工作效率的高低。 “震天下者必震之于声”，对于领导来说，就是向群众表达意图，传达政策，与群众进行思想上的交流。领导说话水平的重要性，就在于能引起共鸣，使群众听懂政策、听进道理，激发群众的积极性和创造性，推进各项事业的发展。作为一名领导，经常抛头露面，经常成为各种场合和各种活动的焦点和中心，人们也希望能经常听听领导的意图和声音，看看领导的水平和表现。讲话艺术欠佳，语言水平不高，领导干部就会在群众面前丢面子、掉链子、跑调子。如果是一般人，一两句话说漏了嘴，说跑了题，可能无关紧要，但领导干部就不同了，轻者群众认为没水平，重者会失责失职失身份，会产生严重影响，甚至犯错误。所以，领导的说话能力对于推动工作，展示个人魅力，顺利完成各项任务都有着非常重要的作用。在一定意义上说，离开了领导讲话，领导活动就无法实现。同样，不善于说话，说话水平不高的领导也是不可能实现其有效领导的。 早在古代，那些杰出人物就依靠智慧和口才合作联横，曾给我们莫大的启示；现代社会中大人物们靠说话功夫纵横天下也让我们受益匪浅。 公元前14世纪，商朝明君盘庚用生动质朴、雄辩有力的语言，说服了难离故土的民众，实现了迁都的主张；周恩来、陈毅在风云变幻的国际政治生活中善于辞令，口才横溢，大大提高了新中国的国际地位和声望，长了中国人民的志气；国际金融家萨克斯说服美国总统罗斯福尽快研制生产原子弹，从而为尽快结束第二次世界大战奠定了重要的基础；在当今经济建设的过程中，商务谈判时中肯有力的言辞会迫使对方做出让步，或取得共识，以利于达成协议；慷慨陈词，促成外引内联，就会振兴一方经济。所有这些，都说明通过充分发挥口语表达技巧的口才艺术，能够创造巨大的精神财富和物质财富。 当今社会是一个开放、进取、高速发展的信息时代，机遇与挑战、困难与希望，是摆在每个领导者面前无法回避的课题，非凡的时代需要非凡的领导者，非凡的领导者又离不开非凡的口才。缜密的思维与卓越的口才，是每一位立志求进的领导者成功人生的催化剂和加速器。 一个领导的说话能力，常常被当做考察领导综合能力的重要指标。Therefore, leaders who are eloquent and eloquent are increasingly showing a unique advantage.他们在生活的各个领域因口才智慧的有效发挥，而充分施展着自己的才干，并给自己的事业注入最大限度的成功因素。大文豪蒙田也说过：“语言是一种工具，通过它，我们的意愿和思想才能得到交流，它是我们灵魂的解释者。”因此，在现代生活中，人们越来越重视口才方面的知识和修养，并提出“知识就是财富，口才就是资本”的新理念。 领导者正如战场上的将军，是激励手下的核心人物，也是决定战争胜败的关键因素。任何一个组织，一项事业，都离不开领导的统帅。在现代社会里，领导要起到“承上启下”的作用，那么他的绝大部分时间是在与人用语言交流，领导讲话是领导者行使主管领导职能及相应的政务活动时必不可少的一项工作。它不仅与领导者所承担的工作职责和领导地位密切相关，而且也是作为一名领导必须具备的能力和素质。讲话水平的高低，直接关系到领导工作的成效和领导者的威信。 领导者要想善于言谈和交际，首先肚子里要有货，其次是敢于把肚子里的“货”倒出来给大家看，最后“倒”的方式讲究一些艺术性，那么，这样的领导一出口便已成功了一半。 口才，不仅仅是口语表达能力，更重要的是，口才强调丰富的学识和独到的见解。人的学识就像参天大树的根，深扎在土壤里，不断吸取养分，而口才就像大树繁茂的枝叶，一切绿色、水分、艳丽都来自于根基。没有学识，口才无异于无源之水、无本之木，也就无法存在。 口才的应用极为广泛，对一位领导来说，既要熟悉与自己业务有关的知识、情况、发展等，还要熟悉其他各个方面。与别人交谈，不能总是干巴巴的业务吧，你用什么来开始你的谈话呢？“今天天气真不错啊！”是不是俗套了一些！说点足球、美国职业篮球、股市最新走向、国家宏观政策、汽车、房地产、可说的简直太多了。 所谓“到什么山上唱什么歌”，无论见到哪种类型、哪种出身背景，哪种教育程度、哪种职业的人，都能投其所好、把话说到点上，都需要有相应方面的知识。很难想象，一位连股票与债券都分不清的领导(夸张一点说)，怎么与一位专门从事股票投资的领导谈到一起；与一位专门从事房地产开发的领导打交道，自己恐怕先得学些房地产方面的知识，这样才不至于连“期房”与“现房”都不知道，贻笑大方。 南北朝的时候，北周人苏绰一次随同太祖及大臣前往昆明池捕鱼，行至城西汉代曾经的屯粮之地，太祖询问左右，有没有人知道史实。有人说苏绰通晓地理，太祖便间苏绰，苏绰便详细说明。太祖十分高兴，接着向他问起大地造化以及历代兴亡之事。苏绰本有善辩之才，又博闻广识，因此应对如流。太祖听了更加高兴，到了昆明池他竟无心捕鱼，马上回返，将苏绰留在宫中彻夜长谈，询问治国之道。苏绰侃侃而谈，陈说古代帝王之道，兼述申墨子、韩非的法家学说精要，太祖开始还在床上半卧而听，后来竟起身整衣正身而坐，而且不知不觉膝盖移动，到了苏绰的坐席之前，一直到第二天凌晨，尚不知困倦。早朝时，太祖对大臣说：“苏绰真是位奇士！我将重用他。”不久便拜他为大行台左丞，参典机密。从此，苏绰一天比一天位高权重起来。 历史上“三寸之舌，强于百万之师”的例子是很多的。 楚汉相争之际，刘邦主力与项羽军对峙于荥阳一带，无暇东进，只能派辩士郦食其到齐王那里进行外交活动。郦食其到了齐王那里，对齐王说：“大王知道天下的归向吗？”齐王说：“不知道。”郦食其说：“大王如果知道天下的归向，则大王可以保而有王，但是如果不知道天下的归向，那么大王就未必能保得住了。”齐王问：“那么天下将归向何方呢？”郦食其回答：“归于汉。”齐王问：“先生凭什么敢于这么说？”郦食其便从刘邦先入关中，按当时各路起义军的约定应当立为王谈起，又谈及刘邦与项羽的为人高下，以及当时天下形势、人心背向，终于说服齐王田广归顺汉王刘邦。后世称此事说“郦食其下齐七十余城”。 假如苏绰只有一个卖弄油嘴滑舌的腹中空空之辈，他不会将太祖说得无心捕鱼、彻夜长谈，他的成功之道在于对于历代帝王兴替、法家精神的精到把握上，这是一种知识的厚积薄发。同样，郦食其敢于说刘邦会取得天下，也是建立在他熟悉历史、把握现实、目光敏锐的政治眼光之上，也是一种厚积薄发。他们纵论古今，翻卷三寸之舌，靠的就是胸中翰墨。领导口才也一样，只有心中有货，才能更好地发挥出来。 一个人的学识越广，人的自身素质就越高，人的口才和交际能力也就越有扎实可靠的根底了。领导口才也一样，多种知识的储备和灵活运用，才能使谈话、表达更有成效，也更具有艺术性。在林肯还没有成为美国总统之前，曾经当过一段律师。当时，有人指控小阿姆斯特朗“谋财害命”，林肯担任他的辩护律师。在法庭上，证人福尔逊发誓说，在10月18日晚上11点，他从二三十米开外，清楚地看到被告站在西边用枪击毙了站在东边的死者。林肯问福尔逊：“你能肯定你认清了凶手的脸吗？”福尔逊指着被告小阿姆斯特朗说：“我肯定认清了他的脸，因为月光正照在他脸上。” 林肯为被告辩护说：“福尔逊的证词是不真实的。请大家想一想，10月18日那天应当是上弦月，11点时月亮已经看不到了，哪里会有什么月光呢？即使证人时间记得不太准确，实际的时间稍有提前，但是月光是从西方向东方照，小阿姆斯特朗的脸上不可能有月光。证人在二三十米外怎么可能看清被告的脸呢？”话真是说到了点子上。 外人看来，林肯的口才确实是好极了，一个快定论的案子硬是给翻了过来，但是，林肯论辩的中心论据却是建立在他的天文知识之上，没有相应的天文知识，他的口才仍然无用武之地。 说话掷地有声，这是人们对于有权力者最高的评价。同样，我们在与人们谈话的过程中，也要不断地施展对对方的影响，以此来增加我们的语言的效力。也许你确实不能做到说起话来口若悬河，号令一下，一呼百应。但是对此，你所需要的不是悲观气馁，而是现在就行动起来。因为，过人的口才并不是你所想象的那样遥不可及，只要有坚定的信心和适当的方法，每个人都可以拥有好口才。 人没有什么能力是天生的。所以，达成目的的关键在于自己的信心、方法和毅力。 （1）先声夺人占上风 为了贯彻你的意志，实现你的主张，同时避免别人对你有所要求或反对，你应将你的意见率先表达出来，才不会因为情面或多数人的反对，而使你失去制敌先机的机会。 当你在说话的时候，应将对方可能用来反驳你的意见先予驳斥，在这里有一套“先声夺人”的公式可供你参考：“也许有人会认为……当然也可能有人主张要……以上的看法，说都能言之成理，其实很可能流于纸上谈兵，窒碍难行。因此，我主张……”这一套先发制人的说法，要能让人接受，自然也必须符合情理，而且有根有据，不要强词夺理或理不直气不壮，这样部属才能被你缜密的思考与敏锐的判断所折服。 （2）简洁明快去繁冗 清代画家郑板桥有诗云：“削繁去冗留清瘦。”当今语言大师们则认为：言不在多，达意则灵。可见，用最少的字句，包含尽量多的内容，是当众说话水平的最高境界。 林肯的葛底斯堡讲话，是美国历史上被誉为最优美的一篇不朽的演说词。只有十句话，二百七十一个字，仅用两分钟，却成为林肯一生不朽的纪念。而那位议员艾弗瑞特滔滔不绝地讲了两个小时，但他讲了些什么，人们早已忘记了。美国历届总统的就职演说大都在三千字左右，少的只有几百字，好多成为经典之作，被后人广为传诵。 要做到说话简洁明快，首先要做到长话短说。 所谓长话短说，即是以简驭繁。老舍说：“简练就是话说得少，而意思包含得多。”话少而意思也少就算不得简洁。 毛泽东同志是最善于长话短说的。他用“夺取全国胜利，这只是万里长征走完了第一步”来比喻社会主义建设的道路艰巨而漫长。他用“早上八九点钟的太阳”来赞美朝气蓬勃的青少年；用“妇女能顶半边天”来说明妇女在建设中的巨大力量。最多不过十几个字，却含义丰富。 现在也有许多领导人善于长话短说。例如，1981年世界杯女排赛最后一场中日之战，由于中国队已实际取得冠军，姑娘们兴奋不已，在先赢两局的情况下，第三、四局打得毫无章法，输得稀里糊涂，怎样才能使女排姑娘镇定下来，获得全胜的真正冠军。在第五局开始前的短暂时间里，主教练袁伟民说了几句话：“要知道，我们是中国人，你们代表的是中华民族，祖国人民在电视机前看着你们，要你们拼，要你们搏，要你们全胜。这场球不拿下来，你们要后悔一辈子！”姑娘们在这简短却掷地有声的话语下胜了第五局，赢得了全场比赛。 袁伟民的这几句话言简意赅，成效立竿见影，可见长话短说的神奇力量。 作为一名领导，你的表达既不需要长篇大论，也不需要莫测高深，但是却要让对方明白你的意思。你可说些含蓄的话，使自己处于可进可退的状态。例如，“你倒是有心人……”，“这件事你似乎相当敏感……”，“你总算说对了一句话……”这些话都有些含蓄的意味，是用很简单的话来表达你深沉的看法。 （3）动用部属之间的矛盾意见 部属之间的意见有时也未必一致，甚至互相矛盾，你要留心他们的意见是否有互相矛盾之处。如果有南辕北辙之别，那么你可以一方之矛，击一方之盾；或以一方之盾，挡一方之矛。亦即用他人所憎，攻自己所恶；或用他人所爱，成自己所好。这样不但能成全自己的主张，而且使失败的一方不认为这是你的主张。这是动用之妙存乎一心的艺术，但看你是否能巧妙地使用。 （4）用沉默来表示你的意见 有时对方侃侃而谈，说理精辟，而且见解独到，但你不以为然，可是因拙于口才，一时无法找到有利的论点反驳他。此时，你不妨保持沉默，有时沉默比反应还要有力量。等到对方得意忘形，出现漏洞时，你再抓住这漏洞，予以纠正，而他的意见无形中就打了很大的折扣。 沉默的另一种表达方式是顾左右而言他，暂时把现在讨论的问题搁置，伺有利的时机再行讨论。 立法机关讨论行政机关送来的议案或法律，遇有正反双方意见相持不下时，主席往往会宣布“暂时保留”，等适当的时间回头再审议，这就是主席运用的艺术与权力，用得好，会令与自己意见相反的一方为之气短，那么你的目的就达到了。所以你应善用“这个问题我们等一下或过几天再谈”。“等一下或过几天”一方面是求缓冲，另一方面也是进行协调，以免双方僵持不下。 口才不好的领导，只要脑筋清楚，自然而然地会运用自己的智慧，使意志贯彻。以上所举不过是一种参考，只要能够举一反三，自会运用自如，无形中你就会达到“敏于言，不盲于心”，将缺点化为优点的境界。 There is an old saying: "Everything is foreshadowed, and if not forewarned, it will be abandoned." "Prediction" refers to foresight and insight.A good leader should be good at "seeing opportunities first", because this is not only a way of management, but also a prerequisite ability for eloquence.For the experience of eloquence, the leader's own insight is essential. A French detective novelist, sharp and humorous, often hit the nail on the head when expressing his opinions.One day, he and a friend were walking along a boulevard when the novelist whistled playfully and exclaimed, "My God, that lady must be very pretty!" “女士？”朋友很不解地问道，“我们眼前只有几个小伙子呀。哪有什么女士？”的确，朝他们两人迎面走来的只有几个年轻的男士，并没有什么女士。 "No, my friend, I mean the one behind me." The novelist replied proudly.When his friend turned his head, he saw a beautiful lady not far behind them who was well-dressed and radiant.This made his friend very puzzled: "How can you see what is behind you without turning your head?" "Of course! Although I can't see her, I can see the eyes of the men opposite." This is a kind of i