Chapter 12 Chapter 11 Basic Skills of Emotional Expression for Debaters

★Give sincerity, gain sincerity Convincing opponents to be willing to agree with your point of view depends on convincing people with sincerity, emotion, reasoning, and virtue. This is the result of emotion, knowledge, and mental strength.The power of emotion is the cognition and resonance of emotions, the power of knowledge can make people believe in the argumentation of the point of view, and the power of mind can make people accept the debater itself, and then believe and support your arguments and rebuttals consciously or unconsciously. ◎Sincerely express your feelings A faculty member in a certain college wrote a book, and the publishing house asked him to sell a thousand copies.In order to sell the book, he gave a sales speech to the students: "It is always embarrassing for a teacher to sell his own book here. However, it is also difficult for authors nowadays. After writing a book, they have to sell the book. Published The agency gave me 1,000 volumes at once, and there was no manuscript fee, so I can’t sell it. I can’t comment on how well this book is written. But there are two things I can guarantee: First, this book was written by me in three years. The finished product is the crystallization of my painstaking efforts; secondly, the content of the book is by no means a patchwork copy, it is my own long-term thinking. Not long ago, this book was rated as a social science category by the Ideological and Political Work Research Association. The second prize of the book, this is the award certificate. To be honest, for us teachers, it is more difficult to promote than to write a book, so we just bite the bullet and ask everyone for help. However, whether to buy or not is completely voluntary and will never be forced. If If you think this book is useful to you, if you have the financial resources to buy one, it will be considered as a favor to me. Thank you.” The speech had an immediate effect, and the book sold more than 300 copies at a time.

In a sense, the teacher's salesmanship does not have any skills at all. It seems that he is a clumsy person. It can also be said that he has mastered and used the highest skill of debate—sincerity—intentionally or unconsciously.Perhaps his success lies in the fact that he expressed his sincerity properly and won the trust of the audience. A tourist group walked into a candy store inadvertently. After visiting, they had no intention of buying candy.When it was time to leave, the waiter didn’t complain about the tour group’s “not buying at first”, on the contrary, he was more enthusiastic, holding a plate of exquisite candies in front of them, and whispering softly: “This is our The new varieties that have just arrived in the store are fragrant and delicious, sweet but not greasy, please taste them casually, and you must not be polite.” Such hospitality makes customers unconsciously enter an atmosphere created by the candy store that feels like relatives and friends.Respect is worse than obedience. Since you have received the "love" from the store, how can you return empty-handed?The members of the tour group feel that since they have tasted the sweetness for free, they really feel a little sorry for not buying anything.So each of them bought a big bag and left in the farewell sound of "Welcome again" from the waiter.

If the waiter makes the members of the tour group feel that his enthusiasm is just a calculation, then there is only one possible result, that is: the more enthusiastic you are, the more I refuse. If you give true love, you will reap true love. Even if you respect people one foot, they will return one foot.However, we can't regard giving our true feelings as some kind of low-risk investment with small capital and high profits, making others feel that dating you has become a business, and the right to calculate is all in your hands. Every sentence is from the heart, not just the enthusiasm that is pretended to be invisible, so that you can speak or debate with true feelings, so as to impress yourself while impressing the other party.More importantly, true feelings should be revealed naturally and naturally, not just as a method or strategy.

◎Honesty is the first requirement of sincerity Aristotle said: Compared with other people, people believe more easily and firmly in the perfect person, especially when there is a difference of opinion on a question and cannot be definitively determined. The higher the level of debate, the more disgusted people are with people who often don't do what they say.People with honey in their mouths, sword-like hearts, scheming, and vicious methods are the most likely to be reviled.People who believe in morality, even if they don't have the eloquence to fight against the Confucians, can still move people's hearts, and even more.

Reason can conquer people mainly by the power of truth; morality can conquer people mainly by the power of personality.As a non-intellectual factor, personality and virtue are often better than reason, although they are not reason.We often talk about virtue and prestige, but in fact, "morality" can not only "respect", but also "speak seriously", that is, increase the weight of reasoning.In a sense, virtue is the truth of the image, and the truth is the abstract virtue; the decline of morality is the most dangerous decline, and the lack of personality is the most terrible loss. "Convincing people with reason" and "convincing people with virtue" cannot be neglected, and the latter is a supreme state.

A large number of facts have proved that the person who can persuade others the most is not necessarily the eloquent person, but the person who is good at expressing sincerity.When you express your sincerity with decent words, you will win the trust of the other party and establish a trust relationship between people, and the other party may trust you and like what you say.This is why many well-trained salesmen who seem to know the subtleties of speech often fail to impress customers. Although the sweeping momentum is smooth and graceful, if there is no sincerity, it will lose its attractiveness, like a bouquet of lifeless silk flowers, which is beautiful but not active and lacks charm.Therefore, the speaker should first think of how to inject your sincerity into the speech and how to convey your heart to the other party.Only when the listener feels your sincerity, will he open his heart and receive what you are saying, and then he can communicate and resonate with each other.

★Moving people with emotion, people with emotion To move people with emotion, to move people with emotion.Debating with full emotion makes the debater more able to move people.Touching people with emotion and emoting people requires us to express ourselves with both voice and emotion. ◎Inject personal emotion into the debate "Those who touch people's hearts, don't start with feelings." Debate is an art of reaching others with oneself. Emotional experience, which affects people's behavior and changes in opinions, and achieves the best debate effect. The best way to be an emotional person is to speak out from your own experience, to persuade others with your own personal experience and encounters, to feel the truth, and to be sincere, which is most likely to arouse the resonance of the other party.

After the American Civil War, two servicemen ran for Congress.One is the famous hero General Tao Ke, who has made outstanding achievements and served as a member of Congress two or three times; the other is Joseph Allen, an ordinary soldier. Tao Ke's speech is: "My fellow citizens, I remember that seventeen years ago (during the Civil War) last night, although I led troops to fight fiercely with the enemy, after a fierce bloody battle, I slept in the bushes on the mountain all night. If you have not forgotten that arduous battle, please don't forget the person who suffered so much, lived in the open, and made great achievements in the election."

This passage is wonderful and full of emotion. Ellen's speech was: "Compatriots, General Tao Ke is right. He really made great achievements in that war. I was an unknown soldier under him at that time, and I was born and died for him. While he sleeps peacefully in the woods, I shall have to bear arms and stand in the wilderness to protect him from the cold and dew.” Ellen's speech was more moving and resonant.He defeated Tao Ke and won. "If you don't have deep love, you can't be thrilled." When an experienced debater is passionate, it is like a river rushing out of the dragon's gate, roaring the waves of progress, which sounds inspiring and sublimating.

In order to move people with emotion and emotions, the debaters are also required to be forthright, frank in their words, open their hearts to each other, exchange the truth for the truth, and tell the truth with sincerity. This requires that the display of the debater's emotions should be fierce, deep, enthusiastic, sincere, and eloquent, so that "there is love before the melody"; The truth, goodness, and beauty are enthusiastically eulogized, and the false, evil, and ugliness are ruthlessly whipped; the debaters are required to have a three-dimensional grasp of the whole process and coordinate processing; there are both calm analysis and enthusiastic encouragement; the debaters are required to be both angry and happy. There must also be love and hatred; the debater is required not to put on airs, not to be brutal and vulgar, not to be harsh, not to be an outsider, to be intriguing but not to speak, and to seduce people into the depths.

◎Voice and emotion, know how to express yourself A rhetorician must not only grasp the truth, but also be good at embodying the truth in emotion, moving people with emotion, and making others accept your point of view convincingly. In the debate on "euthanasia does not conform to the spirit of humanitarianism", the second debate of the opposing side has a touching statement: The second defense of the opposing side: Thank you, Chairman, and hello everyone!When I heard the other party's speech, I felt heavy. After all, we are only 20 years old. We feel the charm of life, but we let people die for nothing. What qualifications do we have?I guess we don't love flowers?If love, shall we break it from the branch, even though it is about to wither.Do we love rivers?Shall we drain its veins, even as it dries up.Do we love blue sky?If we love, we don't draw the curtains, even though there are dark clouds outside the window.Should I love our life?If you love, please don't kill it, don't kill this sacred life that gives us everything and makes us worship, even though it is dying.Death does not have dignity.Only those who die for dignity have dignity.Only when Premier Zhou was dying, singing the Internationale, did the pulse of dignity beat, and pain needs to be nourished.I have seen people who are about to die, and from their faces, I read this sentence: "Compared to death, pain is a kind of happiness." If one person's life is no longer important, then the lives of all of us are no longer important. It doesn't matter anymore. Indeed, for a twenty-year-old young man in his prime to discuss life and death, this topic seems too heavy.There is nothing greater than life and death.The debaters first talked about their own feelings, and then used a series of vivid metaphors to illustrate that beauty and life cannot be killed, especially when it comes to "Premier Zhou was dying, singing the Internationale". moved. The following is the conclusion of Hu Jinghui’s summary statement in the debate on “whether the more national the more the world”: When the bell of the new century has come from the other side of the horizon, when the dawn of the new century has illuminated our window lattice, we are here to discuss the proposition of a century in beautiful Chinese in front of hundreds of millions of Chinese TV viewers , we feel more and more that such a truth is clearly manifested in front of us: "When the cultures of all nations prosper, it is also when the world is going to glory and splendor." This truth belongs to the world, and this truth belongs to our Chinese nation.The 5,000-year culture of the Chinese nation has a long history and is endless.We create here, we sublate here, and we face the world and the future from here. I am the dilapidated old waterwheel by your river, spinning tired songs for hundreds of years.I am the blackened miner's lamp on your forehead, shining and groping in the tunnel of history.I am the germ of your snow-covered ancient lotus, a brand-new ideal that just broke free from the spider web of myth, a crimson dawn that is erupting, my motherland, my dear motherland!thank you all! (warm applause) In his statement, Hu Jinghui not only showed his confidence in the prosperity of the national culture, but also poured out his deep love for the motherland and the nation as a student of Peking University.After he finished saying "This truth belongs to the world...to the future" in a high-pitched and loud voice, he lowered his voice and recited Shu Ting's famous poem in a thick, deep, and slow tone.When the last sentence was recited, he immediately shouted with infinite emotion: "Motherland, my dear motherland!" In an instant, the entire debate field was deeply moved, and there was a strong upsurge of patriotism in people's hearts. ★Effective communication, shorten the distance If we want others to agree with our point of view, we must communicate effectively, so as to shorten the distance between people.Effective communication is to choose different methods for different people, and to choose a communication method according to the personality of the other party. ◎Choose the most appropriate way to communicate with the other party In 147 BC, Liang Ying, a lady from a famous family, was about to become the first queen of Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty.At that time, in order to ensure the "eugenics" of the dragon's son and grandson, pre-marital examinations for queens and concubines had begun.The emperor sent Wu Yu, a female official, to carry out the task. Concubine Wu came to Liang's mansion by order, first observed Liang Ying's appearance in the deep boudoir, then closed the doors and windows tightly, and the inspection will be further deepened.Wu Ji asked Liang Ying to take off all her clothes.Miss Liang Ying is such a golden branch and jade leaf. She usually takes a bath alone, but she dare not look at her body more. Now she wants to be naked in front of others, she is determined not to follow. Concubine Wu became anxious and said, "This is the royal rule." Liang Ying still refused. Concubine Wu frowned, leaned closer to Liang Ying, and said softly, "I respectfully ask the queen to act in accordance with the emperor's will and royal rules." Liang Ying was shocked when she heard the word "queen". She gave up her girlish reserve and took off her top. However, when she took off her underwear, she hesitated again.Concubine Wu approached Liang Ying and said, "The date for the empress canonization ceremony is imminent, and there can be no further delays. Please forgive my sin, please forgive my sin!" "In-depth" inspection. Qianjin Yuye, who doesn't dare to look at herself in the shower on weekdays, must be extremely embarrassed if she wants to take off her clothes in front of others.It was Wu Yu's "Queen" that finally pulled Liang Ying's fig leaf away. The main reason was: "Liang Ying knows that this inspection is the last pass for her to enter the palace, and her heart is very urgent." It is just like this that Wu Yu's title of "Queen" made Liang Ying's psychology compatible with the royal communication. Psychological experiments prove that people like each other because they are similar to each other.Therefore, to seek psychological compatibility is mainly to seek a common language, common hobbies, common feelings, and common goals, so as to achieve effective communication and get along well. Successful debaters don't just think about how to conquer the opponent with sharp words, careful thinking, and sonorous tone. They often do the opposite when arguing, not conquering, but "wooing", that is, seeking compatibility , to achieve a psychological connection, so that the opponent feels that the debater is "one of his own", so that he is willing to accept his point of view. In 1952, Nixon ran for president against Eisenhower.While he was running around for the campaign, suddenly the "New York Times" published an article criticizing him for secretly accepting bribes during the campaign. To this end, Nixon was forced to speak on television for half an hour.At 6:30 in the afternoon, when Nixon appeared on the TV screen, the whole of America fell silent.He took a rare action in political history, and made all his financial history public, from his own property to his debts.Immediately afterwards, he changed the subject, detailing his financial situation, and even told the audience how to spend every penny-from worrying about straightening children's teeth to refitting boilers and so on.He also told everyone that after being nominated for this election, he did receive a gift, which was a puppy from someone in Texas for my child. After the end, Nixon sincerely expressed his policy program and principles of governance. When he finished speaking and walked out of the broadcast room, cheers resounded everywhere.Many people called him, sent telegrams or sent letters to him, and 60 million people across the country listened to and watched this speech.Speeches set the facts straight. The reason why Nixon was able to win millions of sympathizers and free himself from embarrassment was firstly due to the sincerity shown in his speeches, and secondly, behind the sincerity was Nixon’s determination to share the same breath and fate with the people, thus It has achieved a heart-to-heart collision with the audience, a blend of emotions, and a resonance effect has occurred emotionally. In the debate, psychological communication can also be achieved by satisfying a certain "need" of the other party. This requires the debater to be good at perceiving people's hearts, understand the most urgent needs of the other party, be targeted, and use appropriate methods to stimulate and satisfy them. the requested behavior.This is what is commonly referred to as "a humble compliment". After the thief Yuan Shikai stole the power of the interim president of the Republic of China, he dreamed of being emperor every day. One day, a servant girl brought ginseng soup to Yuan Shikai who was taking a lunch break, and accidentally broke Yuan Shikai's favorite suet jade bowl, Yuan Shikai's face turned purple with anger. The servant girl was very nervous, she got wise in a hurry, she knelt down and cried, "It's not the villain's fault, the servant girl brought soup in just now, and saw that the man lying on the bed was not the president." "You bastard," Yuan Shikai became even more furious, "it's not me on the bed, what could it be?" "The villain dare not speak, because he is afraid of people!" The servant girl cried anxiously. Yuan Shikai stood up suddenly in anger, gritted his teeth and said, "If you don't say anything, I won't kill you!" "I said, I said. On the bed, on the bed... a big five-clawed golden dragon lay on the bed! It frightened the servant girl." When Yuan Shikai heard this, he couldn't help but burst into ecstasy, thinking that he was the reincarnation of a real dragon, and he was really going to be the emperor. He was happy and rewarded his maid. The maid accidentally missed and caused disaster. She was very nervous, but she served Yuan Shikai all day long and knew his psychology. When life and death were at stake, she was quick and wise, and made up a story of "five-clawed golden dragon falling into the jade bowl".This story happened to "confirm" Yuan's sweet dream—the reincarnation of the real dragon, which satisfied his psychological requirements, turned Yuan Shikai's anger into ecstasy, and saved himself from danger. Pay attention to the method of humbly complimenting: first, it must be reasonable and not too exaggerated; second, compliment the other party directly, and do not replace this compliment with belittling others, so as not to cause misunderstanding; third, the compliment should be decent, in-depth, and meticulous. And choose a good expression angle. ◎The method of communicating with people should be in line with the personality of the other party Speaking varies from person to person, which is what people often say "one key can open one lock", which embodies one of the most classic and quintessential wealth in the Chinese ideological and cultural tradition, which is "seeking truth from facts". People in the old officialdom were especially good at "opening a lock with a key".Of course, in their hands, this method can only be called flattery. Such a joke has been handed down from the Qing Dynasty.It said that a chief envoy invited Xun Ya to drink, and the Xun Ya only had one son, and was sad about this, but a small official who accompanied the wine in the chief official's yamen said: "There are so many sons!" Press was comforted, but the chief envoy was worried: "Oh, I have too many sons." At this time, the little official said, "I don't have to worry about too many sons!" Anyway, the little official said it was all right. In fact, the sycophants in society have their own difficulties - everyone has their own personality, background, encounters, thoughts and feelings, and their ability to accept. If you don't understand these differences , you will definitely not achieve your goal. What people say what they see is often regarded as a typical slick tongue by people who hold on to old ideas.In fact, it is very necessary to vary from person to person in daily conversations and debates, otherwise you will make the mistake of playing the piano with the cow, and there will be no communication and persuasiveness at all. How can we avoid playing the piano to the cow?In fact, as long as the topic is what everyone cares about and it is about the other party's work, it is easy for the other party to speak up after you ask. When speaking, we should consider the time, occasion and object, and speak enough language to impress the other party, so as to make others do things for us.A person who is not persuasive, does not know or has not mastered the art of language, and his speech is dull and unattractive. Even if what he expresses and spreads is the truth, no one will listen to him. A person has a lot of viewpoints and opinions. When facing various people, the way of persuasion is naturally different. On different occasions, facing different people, there are different ways of persuasion. the art of.Simply put, it is to choose the appropriate rhetoric for the person.If you use the same method to persuade no matter who the other party is, it will be difficult to achieve your goal smoothly.Because for some people, it is enough to just explain the general idea, but for some people, it is necessary to be emotional and understand it with reason.If you want to persuade people, you must use various speech methods skillfully and flexibly. In general, using the method of "differing from person to person", several aspects should be considered: differences in personality, differences in gender, differences in occupation, differences in age, differences in education level, differences in regions, differences in hobbies Wait.