Chapter 307 Chapter 306 Sejong Wanyan Yong

Jin Shizong, surnamed Wanyan, first name Yong, real name Wulu.He is the grandson of Taizu, and his father's name is Zongfu.Mother Zhenyi Queen Li.Tianfu was born in the seventh year and died in the twenty-ninth year of Dading.He reigned from 1161 to 1189 AD. Wulu lived in a situation of an orphan of the royal family, so he worked hard.He was proficient in riding and archery, and was second to none in the Jin Dynasty at that time. Wu Lu joined the army very early and followed Wanyan Zongbi, Wanyanchang, Wanyan Zonghan and other famous Jin Dynasty generals in the army for many years. During the Tongnian period, he was awarded Doctor Guanglu by Emperor Xizong, and he was also granted the title of King Ge and served as Shangshu of the Ministry of War.In his later years, Xizong was addicted to alcohol and murder, ignoring the state affairs, and Empress Mourning Ping was also good at governing and authorizing power, wantonly wanton.Wu Lu and his wife, Wu Linda, presented the heirloom white jade belt in their family's collection to Xizong, and won the favor of Empress Mourning Ping, so they retained their official positions as Shangshu of the Ministry of War.

Hailing usurped the throne and killed all the descendants of the clan. More than 70 descendants of Taizong and more than 30 descendants of Zonghan were killed.Wu Lu was in constant panic, so he donated to Hailing the rare treasures such as the rhinoceros saber from the Liao Dynasty and the good jade tea utensils from the Tuur in his family. He saved his life, but he was forced to serve as a foreign official. Zhongjing stayed behind, Yanjing stayed behind, Jinan Yin. When Wulu was in Jinan, the lustful and lustful Hailing heard that his wife was beautiful, so he issued an edict to call Wulinda into the palace.Wu Linda thought that if he didn't go to Zhongdu, Wu Lu would be killed for disobedience, so he decided to bear the humiliation and go.Walking to Gujie Town, Liangxiang, 70 miles away from Zhongdu, Wu Linda committed suicide by throwing himself into a lake.Wu Lu lost a virtuous wife, and he was in pain.After ascending the throne, in the second year of Dading (1162 A.D.), Wu Linda was granted the posthumous title of empress, named Empress Zhaode, and she will no longer register as an empress throughout her life to express her eternal memory.

In the third year of Zhenyuan (1155 A.D.), Wulu was transferred to stay in Tokyo and began to cultivate his own power.First of all, through his biological mother Li, Wulu gathered the Bohai Li family group headed by his uncle Li Shi.Secondly, the support of the Zhang family was obtained through marriage.Wulu has been an official in Liaoyang Prefecture, Tokyo for 5 years, linking the two major families of the Li family and the Zhang family, gradually forming an independent force. In addition, he has served as a civil and military official in the capital and other places for many years, and has a high political reputation. At that time, many dignitaries or generals of mature women living in Liaoyang, as well as civil and military officials of the Hailing Dynasty came to join him and became the military pillar for his seizure of power.

In the last years of Zhenglong, Hailing invaded southward, and Wanyan Fushou was ordered to lead Lou Shi and Tai Da'ai to the south from Shandong Road.When advancing to Tai'an, Wanyan Fushou summoned the lieutenant generals and schools to discuss returning to the north, and supported Wulu as emperor.When they arrived at Liaokou, Shan Sizhong, an apprentice of Wulu, and Zhang Moluwa, an official of Liaoyang Prefecture, came to meet him.Wanyan Dujiyi was also a native of Ge Suguan, and he was the envoy of the Lishe Army in the Hailing Dynasty. Seeing that Wulu's proclaiming himself emperor in Liaoyang was quite popular, he also came to join him.

Wulu served in Liaoyang, Hailing did not let him let him go.In the autumn of the fifth year of Zhenglong (AD 1160), Gao Cunfu, the younger brother of the Hailing faction, led Li Yanlong to serve as the deputy left behind in Tokyo to monitor Wulu's actions.In August of the sixth year of Zhenglong, Wulu took advantage of the opportunity of the uprising against Xianping Mansion to seek Kekuoli, killed Gao Cunfu and Li Yanlong, officially proclaimed himself emperor, and ascended the throne in the Xuanzheng Hall of Liaoyang Mansion, beginning the fifth emperor of the Jin Dynasty. The industry, named Dading, is Jin Shizong.

After Sejong proclaimed himself emperor, he stepped up the construction of the regime, absorbed some members of the Wanyan royal family, and formed the Marshal's Mansion, the highest military organ.In order to win the hearts and minds of the people, a policy of continuing to appoint all the original officials of the Hailing Dynasty was adopted.A decree of amnesty was issued to the people of Li, except for the crime of killing their parents, all other crimes were pardoned; the migrant workers conscripted by Hailing to build palaces and conquer Song Dynasty in the south were also exempted.

In order to end the coexistence of the two regimes in the north and the south, Jin Shizong launched a political offensive against the officials who stayed in the central capital and Nanjing of the Hailing Dynasty, and secretly sent people to infiltrate the central capital many times to instigate rebellion.Sejong secretly envoys Wanyan Suo and Wanyanzhang to kill the stubborn Zhongdu Liushou Shalizhi, and take Wanyan Suo as Zhongdu Liushou and Wan Yanzhang as Tongzhi Liushou.Shizong also sent Wanyan Fushou's son, Wanyan Monk, to Nanjing with his edict, and edict Zhang Hao, the Grand Tutor who stayed in Nanjing, asking him to recognize the situation and surrender anyway.

After proclaiming himself emperor, he settled in Liaoyang, Tokyo. After all, it was not a long-term solution. Jin Shizong decided to move the capital.At the end of October, he personally led Wanyan Yunji and Wanyan Yundi, together with civil servants and military generals of the Manchu Dynasty, with 25,000 troops, marched towards the central capital Yanjing in a mighty manner.Before leaving, King Sejong issued a call to action against Hailing, enumerating more than 10 crimes in Hailing: indiscriminate killing of clan members, destroying the Shangjing Palace, committing adultery with beautiful women of close relatives, and so on.

Jin Shizong's march caused great shock to the Jin court and the public. The southern invasion soldiers led by Hailing had no fighting spirit and retreated one after another.On the evening of November 27th, war-weary soldiers mutinied, and Hailing was pierced to death with random arrows by his general Wanyan Yuanxuan at Guishan Temple in Guazhoudu, Yangzhou.At this time, Jin Shizong had led his army to Zhenziling, Hebei. After hearing the news, he hurriedly sent an envoy to the Southern Song Dynasty to propose an on-the-spot truce and ceasefire, and the condition of the truce was to return the territory occupied by Hailing.

On December 19th in the first year of Dading (AD 1161), Jin Shizong entered the central capital Yanjing City very smoothly, almost without encountering resistance, replaced the Hailing Dynasty, and seized the central government of the Jin Dynasty. regime. Jin Shizong was in danger, and the court was in danger inside and outside.He took various measures to stabilize the turbulent situation. First of all, Jin Shizong changed the internal massacre policy and ordered: the imperial family and ministers who were killed during the Hailing period will be collected by the imperial court on their behalf. Officials who have been demoted or demoted will be corrected and hired according to their merits.Ministers who had made great contributions with Taizu and Taizong during their ancestors but had not been rewarded, wrote letters and played for those who were above the fifth rank, and were promoted.Officials below the sixth rank and those who do not hold posts will be given appropriate promotions by the Ministry of Ministers.Those who do not hold official positions in the clan are also granted idle official positions and given appropriate salaries.The implementation of these measures played a role in appeasing and winning over the Jurchen nobles and united the upper rulers.

Regarding Hailing's old ministers, Shizong still reused them regardless of past grievances.Hailing's important ministers Bai Yanjing and Heshi Lie Zhining once killed nine envoys sent by Sejong, but later Sejong thought they were loyal and respectable, so he entrusted them with important tasks instead.Ma Qin, Xiao Yu, Jing Sihui, Xu Lin and others are all Hailing's minions.Based on the principle of leniency, Sejong did not execute them, but deprived them of their official positions and returned them to the fields. In December of the same year when Shizong proclaimed himself emperor, Khitan Wowo also proclaimed himself emperor, and changed his name to Tianzheng, forming a tendency to fight against Shizong.Khitan became the biggest threat to Sejong's regime, and for this, Jin Sejong used force. In the spring of the second year of Dading (AD 1162), Jin Shizong took measures to suppress and appease.On the one hand, he issued an edict to the Khitan army, whoever surrendered voluntarily, regardless of previous mistakes, and who led the crowd to join him, will be rewarded heavily, and those who are talented will be reused.Slaves, servants, and palace supervisors are exempted from prison.If someone can hunt and kill Wowo, not only will he be given a heavy reward, but he will also be given the title of Special Advancement, which will be awarded to the Zhending Chief.On the other hand, Wanyan Mouyan, the right deputy marshal, was sent to lead the expedition.In June of the second year of Dading (AD 1162), Jin Shizong reassigned San Zhongyi, the political servant of Pingzhang, as the right deputy marshal, responsible for suppressing the Khitan army. ,lost heavily.In September, Wowo was arrested and sent to the capital.Jin Shizong showed his head to the public, cut off his hands and feet and hung them in various capitals as a punishment.His mother and wife were also killed at the same time. The Khitan rebellion shocked the rulers of the Jin Dynasty, making Jin Shizong clearly realize that it is dangerous for the Khitan people to live in the borders and defend the country.He changed the ruling policy of the previous dynasty, from Huairou to heavy military administration of Khitan.In August of the third year of Dading, Emperor Shizong of Jin ordered that the Khitan tribe's Meng'an Mou restraint be removed, and their Meng'an Mouke households be incorporated into the Jurchens Meng'an Mouke's various ministries.In the second year, Jin Shizong ordered to set up more than 70 forts on the northeast border of Linhuangfu in Taizhou, and dispatched 13,000 soldiers to garrison them.Jin Shizong effectively solved the Khitan problem, which brought about a relatively stable situation in the country. After the domestic political situation gradually stabilized, Jin Shizong began to solve the southern border issue.In December of the first year of Dading, Emperor Shizong of Jin dispatched Marshal Zuo Jianjun Gao Zhongjian as envoy to the Song Dynasty, and Dechang Jiedu envoy Zhang Jingren as deputy envoy to propose a ceasefire to the Southern Song Dynasty court, claiming to return the Southern Song Dynasty that had been occupied by Hailing. territory.In the first month of the second year, Jin Shizong released all the conscripted southern infantry from Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi and other roads to return home as promised. At this time, the Southern Song court changed its policy towards Jin, forcing Jin Shizong to temporarily adjust its policy towards Song.In order to prevent sudden changes, the redeployment of military forces began.In November of the second year of Dading, Emperor Shizong of Jin ordered that the new Prime Minister of Shangshu You, and San Zhongyi, the public servant of Yiguo, be the Marshal of the capital, take charge of all the military affairs against the Song Dynasty, live in Nanjing (now Kaifeng), and control the army.Appoint Heshi Lie Zhining as the Marshal of the Zuodu, responsible for commanding the army to manage the Southern Song Dynasty.The purpose of Jin Shizong's dispatch of troops and generals this time was to force Song Xiaozong to accept the peace negotiation. In October of the fourth year of Dading, in order to achieve the goal of promoting peace through war, Jin Shizong ordered his servants to scatter loyalty, and Heshi Liezhining sent troops to invade Song Dynasty again.Lie Zhining of Heshi quickly supported his master to cross the Huai River, and sent his general Tu Dan Kening to capture Xuyi, Haozhou, Luzhou, Hezhou, Chuzhou, etc., and prepared to cross the south of the Yangtze River.Song Xiaozong panicked immediately, and hurriedly sent envoys to discuss peace.In the first month of the fifth year of Dading, the envoys of the Southern Song Dynasty, headed by Wei Qi, Minister of the Trial Rites, and Kang Yu, the envoy of the Chongxin Army, came to the Jin Dynasty. They fully accepted the terms of the peace negotiation proposed by Jin Shizong.The two parties stipulated that the Southern Song Dynasty would pay 200,000 taels of silver and 200,000 bolts of silk to Jin every year.Song gave up the six prefectures of Hai, Si, Tang, Deng, Shang, and Qin that it occupied.The two sides still take the Huaishui River to Dashanguan as the boundary.The emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty no longer professed his ministers to the Jin Dynasty, and changed the relationship between the Jin Dynasty and the Song Dynasty to that of uncle and nephew.This year was the third year of Song Xiaozong's Longxing, and this peace negotiation was called "Longxing peace negotiation" in history. Regarding the Xixia regime and the Goryeo Dynasty in the east, Jin Sejong adhered to an equal and friendly foreign policy, but protected the border to avoid troubles.Therefore, during his rule, the Jin Dynasty has always been in a peaceful external environment, which created conditions for economic recovery and development and political stability. Jin Shizong received the orthodox Jurchen aristocratic education. During his administration, he tried his best to protect the interests of the Jurchens, and implemented racist policies against the Han, Khitan and other ethnic groups in the territory.In the seventh year of Dading (1167 A.D.), there were many Jurchen and Han impoverished households in the wilderness on Shandong Road. Sejong advocated that the Jurchen meng'anmouke poor households be conscripted into the army, given money and rice every month, and placed on the edge of Shandong Road. After the Jin Dynasty entered the Central Plains, the Jurchens Meng'an Muke households moved to the new land one after another, claiming to rule the nation, occupying the fields, oppressing the Han people, and becoming a local evil force.Jin Shizong was deeply worried about the depravity and corruption of the Jurchen Meng'an Mukehu.During his reign, he continued to take various measures to rectify and support the Jurchens Meng'an Mukehu. When Sejong was in power, he also tried his best to promote the old customs of Jurchen, and often slandered Xizong and Hailing's practice of blindly pursuing Sinicization and changing Jurchen's old ways.He believes that the Jurchen tradition is the most pure.In April of the thirteenth year of Dading (AD 1173), Jin Shizong set up music and dance in Ruisi Hall, entertained civil and military officials, ordered kabuki to sing Jurchen national songs, and taught the crown prince and the kings not to forget their roots. In order to restore the legacy of Jurchen and revive the sense of national superiority of the Jurchen, Jin Shizong also used state machinery to take administrative measures.It was ordered to prohibit the Jurchens from wearing Han clothes, intermarrying with Han people, and changing their surnames to Han people.Most of Sejong's sons and nephews were born in the frantic era of Sinicization of Hailing, and their baby names were all named after Chinese characters.According to the old Jurchen customs, their baby names must be in the Jurchen language.Sejong decided to change their names, and issued an edict that civil and military officials should choose names for them. Jin Shizong also received orthodox Han cultural education, and the Confucian doctrine of the mean had a great influence on him.He admired Confucian benevolence, righteousness and morality.Therefore, his rule gradually formed a governing thought with "benevolent government" as the core.Because the two previous emperors, Xizong and Hailing, advocated Sinicization, when they were in power, they focused on official affairs and supplemented by benevolent government.Sejong drew extensively from their successes and failures. Sejong read historical books and was familiar with the ruling thoughts and methods of the Han emperors.He speaks widely and accepts advice with an open mind.In the first month of the second year of Dading, Emperor Shizong warned his ministers: "You can play whatever you have, don't waste political affairs and let them go." He also said: "Tang Yao and Yu Shun are the ancient holy masters. industry. But King Hailing is arbitrary, self-willed, and self-defeating." Jin Shizong was in power and made great efforts to govern.Jin Shizong issued edicts many times, forcing ministers and officials at all levels to recommend talents, and even unceremoniously accused courtiers of not recommending candidates because they were jealous and afraid that the person recommended would surpass him and take away his rank.Jin Shizong also attached great importance to the selection of talents through the imperial examination system.In the early years of Dading, some of the attendants wrote a letter requesting that the imperial examination system be abolished.Shizong summoned Zhang Hao, the grand master, to discuss, and asked Zhang Hao: "Since ancient times, have there been any scholars who have not used literature?" Zhang Hao replied: "Yes." Jin Shizong asked again: "Who?" Zhang Hao said: "Qin Shihuang " Jin Shizong looked at the ministers on the left and right and said: "How can I become a person like Qin Shihuang?" In this way, the imperial examination system was not only not abolished, but further developed.In the fourth year of Dading, Emperor Shizong issued an imperial edict, stipulating that all those who take the Jinshi examination and whose articles are listed as excellent will be admitted without limiting the number of people.Of course, not all those who pass the exam can be officials. Sejong also inspected their conduct and political achievements, and they were indeed appointed by those with both ability and political integrity.Jin Shizong passed the imperial examination, recruited talents widely, and strengthened his bureaucratic team. During Sejong's reign, he tried his best to promote frugality.He issued many edicts to release court ladies and reduce imperial meals.Jin Shizong highly praised the thrift practice of Emperor Wen of the Western Han Dynasty, and often compared himself.After ascending the throne, most of the imperial utensils were original.In order to repair the palace, he often had to pay by reducing court expenses.He himself sometimes wears a piece of clothing for 3 years.Sejong heard that the palaces he had lived in during his tour were closed and no one else could live in them. He thought it was boring and wasteful to do so, so he issued an edict that all the houses he lived in were allowed to live in others. On the twenty-fourth day of the first lunar month in the twenty-ninth year of Dading, Jin Shizong died of illness in Fu'an Palace in the central capital at the age of 67.In April of the same year, his body was buried in Xingling Mausoleum in Dafangshan.