Chapter 305 Chapter Three Hundred and Four

Jin Xizong, surnamed Wanyan, first name Dan, also known as Heci.He is the grandson of Taizu, his father's name is Zong Jun, and he is the second son of Taizu.The mother is Pucha's.Jin Tianfu was born in the third year and died in the ninth year of Huangtong.He reigned from 1135 to 1149 AD. Wanyan Quan received Han-style education since childhood. She studied Chinese classics from Han Fang and other Han Confucian scholars, recited poems and wrote calligraphy, and was obsessed with the advanced feudal culture of the Han nationality.The former clan ministers ridiculed Wanyan Quan as a "boy of the Han family", while Wan Yanquan despised them as "ignorant barbarians", vulgar and cruel, and the two sides had a estrangement.Among the imperial clan, only Zonggan and Zongbi advocated the Han system, which was valued by Wan Yanquan.Zongqian was the eldest son of Taizu A Guda and the adoptive father of Wanyan Quan. At the beginning of the founding of the country, Emperor Taizong of Jin ordered him to speak for the country, and to assist the government with Ban Bojilie and Wanyan Gao. A series of measures and various systems were formulated, which laid the foundation for the Sinicization of the Jurchens.Zongbi is the fourth son of Taizu. During the long-term war with the Song Dynasty, he was gradually conquered by the advanced economy and culture of the Han people, and realized the ignorance and backwardness of the Jurchens. He wrote to Emperor Taizong, requesting the reform of the Han system.

In the tenth year of Tianhui (1132 A.D.), Emperor Taizong of the Jin Dynasty established Wanyan Quan as a master, and Wanyan Quan became the legal heir of the emperor.In the first month of the thirteenth year of Tianhui, Jin Taizong died of illness, and Wan Yanquan took the throne as Jin Xizong, who started his reform of the Han system. In order to gain the broad support of the Han landlord class, Jin Xizong showed extreme preference for Confucius.In the third year of Tianjuan (AD 1140), he ordered Zhao Qianmu, the Tongzhi Taining Jiedu envoy, to rebuild the Confucius Xuansheng Temple. In November, he issued an edict that Kong Fan, the forty-ninth generation grandson of Confucius, would inherit the title of Yan Shenggong.Jin Xizong himself also paid homage to the Confucian Temple several times.Since then, Jin Xizong has devoted himself more to learning Han Confucian classics, such as "Shangshu" and "Shangshu", which made him fondle admiringly and admiringly.

Jin Xizong made great use of Han intellectuals.His teacher, Han Fang, was successively worshiped as a Hanlin scholar, a political adviser, and was ordered to participate in the government.The Han Chinese Cai Songnian, Cao Wangzhi, and Xu Lin attached themselves to Zongbi, and were respectively appointed as Wai Lang, Minister of the Ministry of Punishment, Minister of the Ministry of Justice, and History of the Provincial Order.In November of the eighth year of Huangtong (1148 A.D.), Emperor Xizong ordered Zuo Prime Minister Zongxian and others to appoint local rich and famous people when appointing governors of prefectures and counties.

Jin Xizong respected Confucianism and supported scholars, and reused Han people, which was generally supported by intellectuals of the Han landlord class.On the one hand, it maintained the rule of the Jurchens, and on the other hand, it laid the foundation for him to carry out the reform of the Han system. Jin Xizong was deeply influenced by the Confucian thought of great unification, and had a strong thought of imperial power.In order to change the coexistence of multiple systems in the Jin Dynasty, he issued an edict to abolish the Jurchen Bojilie system and fully implement the Han official system.He imitated the Liao and Song official systems, and also adopted the Tang system, and formulated a systematic Jin Dynasty official system.

Jin Xizong established Taishi, Taifu, Taibao (Three Masters) and Taiwei, Situ, and Sikong (Three Dukes) under the emperor.The central government still implements the system of three provinces.In terms of military affairs, there is a Marshal's Mansion in the center. As the highest military institution, there are Marshal Du, Deputy Marshal Left and Right, Supervising Army on the Left and Right, and Supervisors on the Left and Right.Locally, in November of the fifteenth year of Tianhui, Jin Xizong issued an edict to abolish Liu Yu's puppet Qi regime.In Bianjing and other areas of the Han nationality, he implemented the principle of governing the Han by the Han. The composition of officials was mainly the local officials of the original Song Dynasty, and at the same time, Jurchen, Khitan, and Bohai people were used.

In the general area of ​​the Jin Dynasty, Jin Xizong followed the old system of the Liao and Song Dynasties, and set up four levels: road, government, state (army), and county.The military commanders of all roads were set up to lead the army, and the mansion where Luzhi was located was called the governor's mansion, and the commander of the soldiers and horses also served as the prefect of the governor's mansion.Jin Xizong adopted the old system of the Liao and Song Dynasties without losing the Jurchen tradition. He appointed local officials to manage the military and administration of each prefecture in a unified manner, maintaining the rule of the Jurchen military and government.

With the establishment and implementation of various systems, Jin Xizong also continued to improve various official systems.During the reign of Tianjuan, he carried out major reforms to the official system, which is known as the "new system of Tianjuan" in history. In August 1138, Jin Xizong promulgated a new official system and changing official status.In October of the same year, Jin Xizong also formulated the system of feudalism.In the new system of Tianjuan, in order to strengthen the power of the prime minister, Pingzhang Zhengshi and Shenzhi Zhengshi were added, and their positions were respectively under the left and right prime ministers and the left and right prime ministers.Pingzhang Zhengshi was the prime minister, and Shen Zhizheng was the consul, which greatly enhanced the power of the prime minister and deputy prime minister.Jin Xizong set up a supervisory agency in the center - Yushitai.Inheriting the old system of Tang and Song Dynasties, the Taiyuan, Dianyuan, and Chayuan belonged to Yushitai.The chief officer of Yushitai is Yushi doctor, and Yushi Zhongcheng is his deputy. He is in charge of picketing and impeaching officials, and surveying official affairs.

Jin Xizong also made important reforms in etiquette.In the first year of Tianjuan (1138 A.D.), the capital city was established, which was called Shangjing, and the house where it was located was called Huining Mansion, and palaces and pavilions were built inside and outside the palace city.Later, it was rebuilt according to Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.Jin Xizong established an extremely complete capital system, set up generals of Yiwei, and prohibited the princes below from wearing swords into the palace, etc., which greatly improved the emperor's majesty and strengthened the imperial power.In March of the second year of Tianjuan, Jin Xizong ordered hundreds of officials to discuss and formulate various etiquette.Hundreds of officials began to wear court uniforms to perform the ceremonies of emperors and ministers, and Xizong also put on the new crown uniforms.

In order to maintain his rule, Xizong also used his country's legal system as a blueprint, referring to the Liao and Song laws, and made a systematic code-"Huangzhizhi", which was issued internally and externally, as the basis for governing the country and the people. Years of wars between Jin and Song have severely damaged agricultural production in the north.Wanyan Zonghan, Ta Lan, Liu Yu and other cruel officials practiced torture and tyranny on the Han people, bringing the dilapidated northern economy to the brink of collapse.After Xizong came to power, he worked hard to eliminate social maladministration, restore and develop the northern economy, and issued an edict to distribute the remaining land of the country and the idle land abandoned by farmers to the people, and even distributed his own hunting land in the west of Beijing to landless farmers.

In September of the first year of Huangtong (AD 1141), Emperor Xizong gave 2 bolts of silk and 3 catties of wadding to the widows, widows and lonely people in the whole country.In the fourth year of Huangtong, an earthquake occurred in various counties and counties in Hebei. Many civilians were crushed to death and no one was buried. Xizong ordered the government to collect and bury them.After the abolition of the puppet Qi regime, Emperor Xizong ordered Liu Yu's army to be disbanded, and the soldiers were allocated a piece of land of varying sizes according to their ranks.Xizong also issued many edicts to strictly prohibit turning peasants into slaves. In the fourth year of the imperial reign, famines occurred in Shaanxi, Pu, Jie, Ru, Cai, etc., and people went away and sold themselves.Xizong ordered the government to issue silk to redeem them and send them back to their hometowns.

Jin Xizong inherited the immigration policy of Emperor Taizong's time, and ordered the Jurchen Meng'an Mouke households to move southward on a large scale, allowing them to live interlaced with the Han people in the Central Plains and to farm.Jin Xizong also changed the production and management methods of Jurchen's "Niutoudi" in the past, reset the land system, calculated the population of each household, and then distributed them the corresponding official land by the government, allowing them to engage in production by themselves. This is the history of the Jin Dynasty. The so-called "dictation field". In the thirteenth year of Tianhui (AD 1135), Jin Xizong ordered the Jin army and Liu Yu's puppet Qi army to jointly attack the Southern Song Dynasty. The result was a disastrous defeat, which exposed the weakness of the Jin army.At this time, the power of the Southern Song Dynasty was strengthened, but Song Gaozong sent envoys to seek peace with Jin many times, demanding to replace Liu Yu's position, and to pay tribute to Jin.In the spring of the fifteenth year of Tianhui, Song Huizong died of illness in the confinement area of ​​the Jin Dynasty. Song Gaozong sent Wang Lun to the Jin Dynasty under the name of "Yingfengzi Palace" to ask Jin Xizong to return Henan and Shaanxi under the control of the puppet Qi regime.Jin Xizong estimated the situation he faced after he came to power, and believed that the Southern Song Dynasty could not be conquered by force, and the most beneficial policy for Jin was to negotiate peace with the Southern Song Dynasty. In the first month of the second year of Tianjuan (AD 1139), Jin and Song Yihe were established (that is, Song Shaoxing's ninth year of peace talks), and the Southern Song Dynasty replaced the Puppet Qi regime and became Jin's vassal state. It was a vassal of Jin and contributed 250,000 taels of silver and 250,000 pieces of silk every year. The Jin Dynasty returned Henan and Shaanxi to the Southern Song Dynasty, and returned the coffins of Empress Dowager Wei and Huizong. But soon, the main combat faction inside Kim gained the upper hand.In May of the third year of Tianjuan, Emperor Xizong ordered the Marshal's Mansion to recover Henan and Shaanxi.As a result, the iron cavalry of the "Eternal Victory Army" of the Jin Dynasty failed to attack the city several times, so Zong Bi had no choice but to return to Bian. In the first month of the first year of Huangtong (1141 A.D.), Zong Bizuo asked Xizong to agree to invade the south again.He began to cross the Huaihe River to the south, trying to coerce the monarchs and ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty to accept the terms of peace and surrender by force, but was repelled by Song Jun Yue Fei and Han Shizhong.After the failure of the military offensive, the Jin army tried to negotiate a peace. Xizong ordered the release of the Southern Song envoys detained in the past, expressing his willingness to negotiate peace with the Southern Song Dynasty.Soon, Xizong sent Xiao Yi to the "Jiangnan Fuyu" and put forward the specific conditions for the Southern Song Dynasty to surrender to Jin.In November of the first year of Huangtong, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty sent Wei Liangchen to Jin to negotiate a peace agreement. After repeated bargaining, the two sides reached a peace agreement. The Southern Song Dynasty accepted the title of the Jin Dynasty and became a minister to the Jin Dynasty. , the Tang and Deng prefectures in the west of Beijing, part of the Shang and Qin prefectures in Shaanxi were ceded to the Jin Dynasty according to the agreement; the Southern Song Dynasty paid 250,000 taels of silver and 250,000 pieces of silk to Jin every year. This is the historical "Shaoxing Eleventh" Annual peace agreement". After the peace talks between the Jin and Song Dynasties, there was a temporary peace between the two sides. Jin Xizong was arrogant and profligate in life.He used civilian husbands many times to make large-scale construction projects and build the capital.Jin Xizong also held a nationwide beauty pageant every year. All beautiful women over the age of 13 and under 20, regardless of their family status, were banned from serving in the palace. In Xizong's later years, the harem was full of concubines. Sparse government affairs, indulge in sensuality. Jin Xizong despised Jurchens for their vulgarity, and was incompatible with the former heroes and ministers. However, during his reign, he repeatedly set up large prisons, tortured and killed innocent people, and in his later years, Xizong killed innocent people indiscriminately.He became famous for his brutality. During the days of Tianhui and Tianchun, when Xizong came to the throne, because of his young age, Zongqian and Zongbi jointly assisted the government.In October of the eighth year of Huangtong (AD 1148), Zong Bi died of illness, and Xizong began to personally intervene in politics. Due to lack of political experience, he failed to effectively control the harem, and Empress Pei Man of Mourning Ping began to interfere in government affairs.She colluded with the honorable old ministers of the Jin Dynasty to control the government. Wanyanxu, Hailing, Zongxian, Bingde and others all attached to her, and Xizong was isolated.In the third and fourth years of Huangtong, Xizong's two sons, Prince Ji'an and Wei Wang Daoji, passed away one after another.As a result, Jin Dynasty politics quickly corrupted. Hailing is Zonggan's second son, and he has long been dissatisfied with Xizong's successor, and is ready to wait for an opportunity to replace Xizong.In the ninth year of Huangtong, Hailing took the political and military power of the Jin Dynasty as the right prime minister and the marshal of the capital.He colluded with the mourners who were in power and accelerated the pace of usurping power. In November of the ninth year of Huangtong, Jin Xizong killed the Queen of Mourning due to accumulated anger, and then killed Concubine De, etc., and the harem was shocked for a while.On December 9, Hailing led dozens of party disciples Da Xingguo and Busan Engong to break into the palace, killed Jin Xizong while he was sleeping, and was 31 years old. After Xizong was killed, Hailing established himself as emperor. In order to establish his orthodox status, he conferred the title of King Xizong on Donghun, and his body was buried in the tomb of Empress Pei Manshi. The name was rectified, the tablet was moved to Taimiao, the temple name was changed to "Xizong", and the posthumous title was added to "Hongjizuan Wuzhuang Emperor Jingxiao". The body was also reburied in Siling in Emei Valley.