Chapter 192 Chapter 191: Yang Emperor Yang Guang

Yang Guang, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, named Yang Ying, with a small character Ah Mo, was the second son of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty Yang Jian.When Yang Jian was still a minister of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Yang Guang was named Duke of Yanmen County because of his father's meritorious service.After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, he was granted the title of King of Jin in the first year of Emperor Kaihuang (AD 581) and served as the governor of Bingzhou (now Taiyuan City, Shanxi). Yang Guang was only 13 years old at this time.In the following year, in Sui Dynasty, Hebei Daoxingtai Shangshu Province was established in Bingzhou, and he was appointed as the Minister of Shangzhu State Hebei Daoxingtai Shangshu, the general of Wuwei.

A 13-year-old boy took on this important responsibility, mainly because Yang Jian accepted the lesson of being lonely and dying in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, so that each of the princes would be in charge of one side, so as to consolidate the rule of the Yang family.Yang Jian also knew that his prince could not take on such an important task, and he was even more worried about Yang Guang's behavior and growth, so he selected Wang Shao, an upright and talented minister in the court, to assist him. Wang Shao and others did not disappoint Yang Jian's entrustment, and they frankly corrected Yang Guang and spared no effort.Once, Wang Shao went on a tour of the Great Wall, and Yang Guang dug lakes and made mountains in Bingzhou.After Wang Shao came back, he immediately "locked himself and remonstrated", which made Yang Guang stop the labor service.

Yang Guang himself is not an ordinary dude. Although his family background provided him with luxurious and luxurious conditions, the complicated political situation in the Zhou and Sui dynasties, the literary and martial arts of the Yang family's ancestors, and the various influences received by the son of the general family shaped him. He has a very complex and cunning disposition: he has the desire to be good at majesty and sensuality, and he also has the vanity of pretending to be ostentatious, hoping that people will praise his sage; Demeanor and civil and military talent.These two dispositions have always coexisted with each other, and before he proclaimed himself emperor, the former was still in the stage of self-restraint.

In the eighth year of Kaihuang, the Sui Dynasty aggressively attacked Chen, and in the spring of the second year, the Chen Dynasty was destroyed.Although Yang Guang was the supreme commander in charge of attacking Chen in name, to a large extent he was sitting on his hands. The actual command and deployment was Marshal Shi Gaojiong, and it was He Ruobi and Han Qinhu who led the three armies to attack Chendu Jiankang. It is the general Yang Su who will sweep away the remaining forces.But Yang Guang is the supreme commander after all. After he entered Jiankang, he killed all the courtiers around Chen Houzhu to thank the people of Sanwu.He also ordered the collection of books and the closure of the treasury, so that nothing was taken.These all show Yang Guang's general bearing.After the extermination of Chen, Yang Guang entered the rank of Taiwei, and then served as the governor of Bingzhou.

In the tenth year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign, Gao Zhihui and other gentry from the south of the Yangtze River rebelled, and Emperor Wen appointed Yang Guang as the governor of Yangzhou, the capital of Zhenjiang (now Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province). In the 20th year of Kaihuang, Tuque invaded the northern border, and Emperor Wen ordered Yang Guang and others to lead the army to attack in separate ways.Yang Guang's subordinate, Sun Sheng, planned to defeat the Turks. In this way, Yang Guang was not only the military commander of Pingchen, but also guarded Bingzhou and defended the Turks in the north. Among Yang Jian's princes, he can be regarded as the best for his meritorious service.

Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty Yang Jian had five sons in total, the eldest son Ming Yong, the second son Yang Guang, the third son Qin Wang Jun, the fourth son Shu Wang Xiu, and the fifth son Han Wang Liang.Not long after Yang Jian became emperor, his eldest son Yang Yong was established as the crown prince and became the legal heir to the throne.But with the increase of Yang Guang's political capital, his extravagant hope of inheriting the throne has become stronger and stronger. Yang Guang understood that in order to win the position of prince, one is to please the emperor Lao Tzu, and the other is to win over his cronies.According to these two strategies, he performed a thrilling, cruel, wonderful and successful historical drama of usurping the throne with Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, and Yang Yong, the prince.

Prince Yang Yong has no scheming, and does things his own way.He neither paid attention to Yang Guang's conspiracy to seize the heir apparent, nor would he pretend to please his parents.He knew that his mother Queen Dugu hated men who doted on Ji concubines, but she blatantly liked women. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty Yang Jian was a relatively frugal emperor, but Yang Yong ignored his father's frugal life and liked extravagance.On the day of the winter solstice in the eighteenth year of Emperor Kaihuang, Yang Yong accepted the congratulations from all officials with great fanfare. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty was afraid that the ministers would get too close to the prince and affect his imperial power, which violated his taboo again.As a result, suspicion grew between father and son.Since his parents didn't like the prince, the status of Prince Yang Yong began to waver.

But Yang Guang is a man who is good at playing tricks and tricks. In order to cater to Empress Dugu, he only lives with Princess Xiao.Every time his parents sent someone, regardless of their status, he and Concubine Xiao went to the door to greet them in person, entertained them with sumptuous wine and meals, and presented gifts before leaving.These people benefited and praised Yang Guangren Xiao in front of Emperor Wen and Empress Dugu unanimously.Sometimes Emperor Wen and Empress Dugu went to Yang Guang's place, and he hid the young and beautiful concubine Ji, and made old and ugly people wear coarse clothes to serve Emperor Wen and Dugu. I love him even more.Yang Guang also respected the ministers of the DPRK and China in the same way, and the ministers also praised him.In this way, he gained general favor both inside and outside the court, and his prestige became higher and higher.After the public opinion was ready, Yang Guang began to cast a conspiracy to overthrow his elder brother Yang Yong's position as crown prince.

When Yang Guang was the governor of Yangzhou, he took advantage of the opportunity to bid farewell to the queen when he entered the palace, and deliberately knelt down in front of his mother and wept bitterly, saying that the crown prince wanted to harm him.This seemed to add fuel to the fire, prompting Queen Dugu to decide to abolish the prince.Since then, Yang Guang hastened the pace of seizing the heir.Yu Wenshu, the governor of Shouzhou, was Yang Guang's confidant. He proposed to ask the important minister Yang Su to propose to the emperor the proposal to abolish the crown prince. Yang Su was a famous general in the Sui Dynasty. He made many military exploits and was favored by Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty. He was an important figure in the Sui Dynasty.And Yang Su trusts his younger brother Yang Yue very much.Yu Wenshu found Yang Yue, who was the Shaoqing of Dali, and gambled with him all day long, deliberately losing all his money to him. He took the opportunity to tell him what Yang Guang meant, and said alarmingly: "You brothers have offended the crown prince. Once the emperor dies, Your family is about to suffer a catastrophe. Now that the crown prince has lost his love, the Lord has the intention of abolishing him. Whether or not the king of Jin can be crowned crown prince depends on your elder brother's words." The Yang Su brothers then agreed to instigate Emperor Wen and Empress Dugu to abolish him. Abandon Yang Yong and aid Yang Guang as the prince.

At a banquet, Yang Su subtly tested Empress Dugu and said: "The king of Jin is benevolent, filial and respectful, much like the current emperor." One sentence touched the heart of the queen, and told Yang Su a lot about the benefits of the king of Jin and the problems of the prince. The two hit it off immediately, and Empress Dugu gave Yang Su a large amount of gold and silver as a fee for abolishing the crown prince. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty also had the intention of abolishing the crown prince, but it was difficult to speak out because of the ministers in the court.Once he hinted at Shangshu Pushe and Qi Guogong Gao Jiong, Gao Jiong immediately objected, and Emperor Wen was very unhappy.Another time, Emperor Wen ordered the selection of guards of the East Palace to guard himself, but Gao Jiong objected.Emperor Wen believed that this was because Gao Jiong and the prince were in-laws and protected the prince.As the grievances deepened, Gao Jiong was finally dismissed as a civilian.Yang Yong lost his strong supporters among the courtiers, and became even weaker.

At this time, Yang Su played the role of threading the needle: on the one hand, he praised Yang Guang in front of Emperor Wen and his wife, attacked Yang Yong, and urged Emperor Wen to abolish Yong and establish Guang; Prince.As a result, rumors about the prince spread to Emperor Wen one after another.Yang Su also slandered and said: "The prince has resentment in his heart, and he is afraid that he will change, so he should take strict precautions." Therefore, Emperor Wen sent people to spy on the prince's movement and reported it at any time; Officials with talents are also transferred separately. After these deployments and actions, Yang Yong was finally abolished as a commoner. Yang Guang got his wish, was established as the crown prince, and obtained the right to inherit the throne.After Yang Guang sat on the throne of the prince, he ordered Yang Su to fabricate charges and depose another prince, Yang Xiu, as a commoner.Yang Yong repeatedly asked to see Emperor Wen to redress his grievances, but Yang Guang stopped him.In this way, Yang Guang sat firmly in the East Palace, and Guang waited for Emperor Wen to die so that he could sit emperor. In the fourth year of Renshou (AD 604), Emperor Wen was ill in Renshou Palace. Yang Guang couldn't wait, so he wrote to Yang Su asking how to deal with the funeral.Yang Su's reply was sent to Emperor Wen by mistake, and Emperor Wen was very angry when he read it.It just so happened that Mrs. Chen, Mrs. Xuanhua, who was favored by Emperor Wen, came to serve. Seeing her beauty, Yang Guang couldn't help but feel lustful and beastly, trying to rape her.When Emperor Wen learned that he was furious, he said, "Beasts are not enough to pay for big things!" He said to Liu Shu and Yuan Yan, "Call me quickly!" The two went out to draft an imperial edict and called Yang Yong to come. This sudden change made the situation take a turn for the worse.But Yang Guang's confidantes were all over the inside and outside. When he heard the news, Yang Guang urgently ordered his confidants Yu Wenshu and Guo Yan to lead the guards of the East Palace to surround the palace, replace the guards of Emperor Wen and the people who served Emperor Wen, and then simply killed Emperor Wen and Yang. brave.In this way, he ascended to the throne of the emperor, reign title Daye, when he was 36 years old.He is the famous emperor Sui Yang in history. After Emperor Yang ascended the throne, Yang Liang, the youngest brother and governor of Bingzhou, immediately raised his troops to rebel, but was quickly put down. After Emperor Sui Yang took the throne, he also did some work to reform the system, lighten the corvee and reduce the tax, and win the hearts of the people.As soon as he finished the funeral of Emperor Wen, he issued an edict to exempt women, slaves, and trilogy from class service, and the age of male adulthood was changed from 21 to 22 to shorten the service time.This is a major change since the implementation of the land equalization system in the Northern Wei Dynasty.At this point, the system of granting land to serve women in the Northern Wei Dynasty was suspended. In addition, the systems established by Emperor Yangdi mainly include: First, merge provinces, prefectures and counties, and change prefectures and counties into prefectures and counties.Second, establish the Jinshi Department and establish the imperial examination system.From the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the imperial examination system has always been the main way for the feudal government to select officials, which has had a great impact on Chinese feudal society.Third, amend the law.In the second year of Daye (606 A.D.), Emperor Yang ordered the Minister of the Ministry of Officials, Niu Hong, to amend the laws and regulations with strict laws and regulations in the last years of Emperor Wen. The people liked the lenient government.The following year, a new law was completed, a total of 18 articles, called "Daye Law".Compared with the "Kaihuang Law", it removes the ten evils, and there are more than 200 clauses in the five punishments of death, exile, imprisonment, staff, and flogging.However, after the law was completed, it was not really implemented.Especially in the last years of Emperor Yangdi, the torture was cruel, and life and death were arbitrary.Fourth, build schools, search for suicide notes, and sort out classics.The Guozijian, Taixue, Simenxue and Zhouxuexue which were once abolished during Emperor Wen's reign were restored. In addition, Emperor Sui Yang was quite good at reading and writing.When he was the general manager of Yangzhou, he set up hundreds of scholars in the palace to compile books.Not long after he ascended the throne, he ordered to write 400 volumes of "Changzhou Jade Mirror" and 1,200 volumes of "Qu Yu Tu Zhi".The measures for organizing and preserving ancient books and the method of classifying ancient books under the rule of Emperor Yangdi made a contribution to Chinese culture. In order to consolidate the rule of the Sui Dynasty and eliminate the relics of separatism since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, Emperor Sui Yang built a series of huge projects. In the first year of Daye, Emperor Yang ordered Yang Su to lead the East Capital Superintendent, Nayan Yang Da, and general master Yu Wenkai as deputy supervisors. He used 2 million people every month to build the Eastern Capital Luoyang on a large scale.From the geographical point of view, Chang'an, the capital of the Sui Dynasty, is located in the northwest, and it is not easy for government orders to reach the four regions, especially the control of the east.Luoyang, known as Zhongzhou in ancient times, is located in the center of the country and can control Shandong and conquer Jiangnan.From an economic point of view, the products in Guanzhong, where Chang'an is located, are limited, and the supply of materials from various places in Chang'an is difficult and costly.Luoyang, on the other hand, extends in all directions. If you want to gather wealth from all over the world, Luoyang can be said to be the most ideal place.The construction of the Eastern Capital lasted one year and was completed in the second year of Daye.The city planning is divided into Miyagi, Imperial City and Outer Guocheng.Miyagi is where the palace is located, more than 30 miles around.The imperial city is where civil and military lawsuits are located.Wai Guocheng is the big city, with a circumference of more than 70 miles.At the same time, Emperor Yang of Sui ordered Yu Wenkai and Feng Deyi to build Xianren Palace and Xiyuan in the west of the city, which were extremely gorgeous. In addition, Emperor Yangdi also dispatched hundreds of thousands to more than a million migrant workers at every turn to build imperial roads and the Great Wall. Among the civil engineering works built by Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, the most famous is the Grand Canal, which is comparable to the Great Wall of the Qin Dynasty. In the first year of Daye (605 A.D.), Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty mobilized more than 1 million people from Henan and Hebei to open the Jiqu.From Xiyuan, the valley and Luoer water were diverted to the Yellow River, and then from Banzhu (now northeast of Xingyang, Henan Province) to divert the Yellow River water into Bianshui, and from the east of Daliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) to divert Bianshui into Surabaya, and finally reached Huai River.More than 100,000 migrant workers from Huainan were recruited to renovate and expand Shanyangdu from Shanyang via Jiangdu to Yangzi (now Yizheng County, Jiangsu Province) and enter the Yangtze River.In the fourth year of Daye, more than 1 million migrant workers from Hebei were recruited to divert Qinshui to the Yellow River in the south and Zhuojun (now Beijing) in the north.In the sixth year of the great cause, more than 100,000 migrant workers from the south of the Yangtze River were recruited to dig the Jiangnan River from Jingkou to Yuhang.In this way, with Luoyang as the center, starting from Zhuojun in the north and Yuhang in the south, the Grand Canal with a total length of more than 5,000 miles was completed in only 6 years. This series of large-scale civil engineering, on the one hand, cost the country huge sums of money and piled up the bones of the people.On the other hand, it did strengthen the Sui Dynasty's rule over the whole country and maintain the unity of the country.The construction of the Eastern Capital and the excavation of the Grand Canal provided effective solutions for the political layout of the entire country and the unified and balanced transfer of materials from various regions after China's economic center of gravity shifted to the south, and established the political and economic scale and development of China for more than 1,000 years. pattern. In order to win the throne, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty once pretended to be benevolent, filial, respectful and thrifty.The extremely gorgeous gardens and palaces, the parade of thousands of miles of feathers, the palace with beautiful songs and dances, and the extremely rare banquets have accompanied him throughout his life. Emperor Sui Yang was originally a womanizer.It's just that he was good at covering up when Emperor Wen was there.In addition to Empress Xiao and many nobles and beauties in the harem of Emperor Sui Yang, there were thousands of wives and maids from the Sixteenth Court in Xiyuan.In the eighth year of the great cause, he ordered the Jianghuai counties to select beautiful virgins and send them to the palace every year.Whether in the palace garden of Liangdu or on the road of parade, Emperor Yangdi would take them to have fun. In order to create numerous play places, Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty "ruled the palace almost every day".In Chang'an, the capital, and Luoyang, the eastern capital, there were many gardens and palaces. Later, the magnificent Xianren Palace and the vast Xiyuan were added in Luoyang.But he was still not satisfied, and often asked his subordinates to look for ideal places to build palaces in various places.As a result, luxurious palaces sprang up everywhere. Emperor Sui Yang was active by nature, and his interests in pleasure and play had to change frequently.In the first year of his accession to the throne, that is, in August of the first year of Daye, he took a boat to visit Jiangdu, and returned to Luoyang in April of the second year.In the third year of Daye's three-year tour of Yulin, he went to the Turkic Qimin Khan tent.In the fourth year of Daye, he went to Wuyuan again, and went out of the Great Wall to patrol outside the Great Wall.In the fifth year of Daye, he traveled westward to Zhangye and received many envoys from the Western Regions.Daye six years, and then visit Jiangdu.During the seven to ten years of Daye's reign, he conquered Korea three times.In the 11th year of Daye, he toured the Great Wall to the north and was besieged by Turkic Shibi Khan in Yanmen.In the second year after returning from the siege, he visited Jiangdu three more times.Until his demise, he traveled around almost non-stop, and spent less than a year in the capital. Not only did Emperor Yangdi go on tour frequently, but each time he went on tour, the style was astonishing.The first trip to Jiangdu resulted in thousands of ships of all sizes.The emperor sat on a dragon boat, 45 feet high, 50 feet wide, and 200 feet long.The ship has four floors, the upper floor has the main hall and the east and west halls.There are 120 rooms on the second floor in the middle, all decorated with gold and jade, with exquisite carvings, and the lowest floor is where the eunuchs live.The queen's boat is called Xiangchi boat, which is smaller than the dragon boat and has the same decoration.The concubines ride in floating scenery boats, there are 9 boats in total, with three stories up and down.The nobles, beauties and the wives of the sixteenth courtyard took 36 colorful boats in total.There are thousands of accompanying ships.Along the way, the sampans connected each other for more than 200 li, and the cavalry marched along both sides of the canal, covering the fields with banners.All the states and counties that pass through must donate food within 500 miles. There are as many as one hundred cars in one state. Along the way, local officials competed to exploit the common people in order to contribute to Emperor Yangdi and seek promotion.As a result, the people fell into starvation, and they had to peel the bark, pick the leaves, kill wild grasses, or boil the soil for food, and even people ate each other.What kind of disaster and burden did Yangdi's travels bring to the people. When Emperor Yangdi traveled to other places, not only was he no less inferior than Youjiang, but he also changed his taste and refurbished his tricks.When he toured the north, there was another scene.He dug the Taihang Mountains to lead the Chi Road to Bingzhou, and built a 3,000-mile-long, 100-step-wide imperial road from Yulin to Zhuojun. He also ordered Yu Wenkai to build a flying hall that can accommodate hundreds of people and put wheels on it to walk.There are 500,000 soldiers accompanying them, and the banners and flags are endless. When Emperor Sui Yang came to the throne, the treasury was full and the army was strong. Relying on this strong economic and military strength, the Sui Dynasty could have become a dynasty with long-term stability in history.But after some tossing by Emperor Sui Yang, all these family properties were squandered.Although his expansion around had positive effects on consolidating border defense and developing foreign trade, it also became a fatal wound to the demise of the Sui Dynasty. In the first year of Daye (605 A.D.), the Khitan people in the north invaded Yingzhou, and Emperor Yang ordered Wei Yun, the general official, to send Turkic troops to fight against them.Wei Yunqi won the sneak attack, which strengthened Emperor Yang's confidence in expanding to the outside world. The large-scale operation of the Western Regions began in the third year of Daye.Prior to this, most merchants from the Western Regions went to Zhangye to conduct trade with the Sui Dynasty, and the Sui Dynasty was in charge of the Huangmen servant Pei Ju.Pei Ju advocated the management of the Western Regions to Emperor Yang, which aroused Emperor Sui Yang's ambition to admire the achievements of Emperor Qin and Han Wu, so he sent Pei Ju back to Zhangye and lured the countries of the Western Regions to come to the court with a lot of money.Since then, the countries in the Western Regions have come and gone one after another. The states and counties they pass through are sent to welcome them, and tens of thousands of dollars are wasted. In the fifth year of Daye, Emperor Sui Yang adopted Pei Ju's strategy to defeat Luo Khan, the Western Turkic Chu, and removed an obstacle for the management of the Western Regions. Tuyuhun is located in today's Qinghai and southern Xinjiang, and it is the gateway from the Central Plains to the Western Regions.In the fifth year of Daye, Emperor Yangdi sent an army to defeat Tuyuhun, and the Sui Dynasty established four prefectures of Xihai, Heyuan, Shanshan, and Qiemo in its territory, and the traffic and commerce between the Central Plains and the Western Regions were basically smooth. Later, Emperor Yang sent troops to the Western Regions and sent Xue Shixiong to lead an army out of Yumen Pass to attack Yiwu, who surrendered.Shixiong built a city in the east of the former Yiwu City in the Han Dynasty, leaving more than a thousand armored soldiers to guard it. In the fifth year of Daye, Emperor Yangdi visited Yanzhi Mountain in the west, and Gaochang King Qu Boya, Yiwu Tutunshe and envoys from 27 countries in the Western Regions came to see him.Others such as Yanqi, Qiuci, Shule, Khotan, and Kang, Anguo, Shi, Mi, and Cao (all in the present Soviet Union) sent envoys to China. The management of the Western Regions opened up the passage to the Western Regions, protected the commercial traffic of the West, and objectively promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.At the same time, with the exception of a few areas, basically no force was used. It should not have brought a greater burden to the people, but in reality it was on the contrary. Hundreds of millions of dollars were spent on operating the Western Regions every year.Because Pei Ju brought the countries of the Western Regions into the dynasty, all of them were lured with huge profits, and there were generous rewards before he left.And let the local people buy gorgeous clothes, many people are impoverished and bankrupt, in order to show off the wealth of the Central Plains to the people of the Western Regions.The measures taken by Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty caused poverty in the world, and the Northwest was the first to bear the brunt. In the first month of the sixth year of Daye, the chiefs of the Western Regions gathered in Luoyang, and Emperor Yang ordered a hundred operas to be performed at Duanmen, which lasted for a month.Since then, the situation has become more and more serious, and the two capitals have been wasted just to make these beautiful clothes.The country only spends hundreds of millions of dollars on this item every year.Later, the traditional Chinese Lantern Festival viewing carpeace flourished here.People from the Western Regions requested to enter Luoyang City to do business, and Emperor Yang ordered a ostentation.Merchants in the Western Regions do not charge for meals.What Emperor Yang of Sui wanted was the power of all nations to come to court and the dignity of the unity of the world. He squandered huge sums of money to whitewash the peace, boasted of his wealth, and did not hesitate to do business with people from the Western Regions at a loss.To satisfy his vanity, the price paid by the state is simply too great. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty operated or expanded abroad, with the largest scale and the longest time, and the three wars of aggression against Korea that caused the most disaster to the people. Goryeo was the strongest neighbor in the northeast during the Sui Dynasty. At that time, its jurisdiction stretched from Silla to the east, across the Liao River to the west, Baekje to the south, and Mohe to the north.In the eighteenth year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign (598 A.D.), he invaded western Liaoning and was repelled by Wei Chong, the governor of western Liaoning in the Sui Dynasty.Because its territory extended to the Liaohe River and invaded Yingzhou, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty once sent the Han King Yang Liang to lead an army to conquer Goryeo, but he withdrew his troops after a defeat and did not try again. In the third year of Daye (607 A.D.), Emperor Yang visited Qimin Khan's tent in East Turkic, and the envoy from Goryeo happened to be there.Emperor Yang accepted Pei Ju's suggestion and coerced King Gao Yuan of Goryeo to enter the court, but Gao Yuan refused, so Emperor Yang used this as an excuse to work hard. In the first month of the eighth year of Daye, Emperor Yang ordered a large-scale march.The Sui army consisted of 1.3 million people, known as 2 million, divided into 24 armies, and another 6 armies led by Emperor Yangdi, for a total of 30 armies.There are countless folks who transfer food and salaries.This is the main force to attack Goryeo.Another naval force, led by General You Yiwei Lai Huer, set off from Donglai Haikou to meet the army. Laihuer's navy entered a place 60 miles away from Pyongyang, fought a victory, and took advantage of the victory to attack Pyongyang City. retreat.Under the leadership of generals Yu Wenshu and Yu Zhongwen, more than 300,000 land troops crossed the Yalu River.Soldiers carry weapons and food, and the burden is too heavy, and they are exhausted, so they often throw away food secretly.Just reached the middle road, the food was exhausted, the hunger and poverty were mixed, and they were unable to fight any more, so they had to retreat.In the autumn of this year, when the Koryo army was severely beaten, the Sui army was defeated. Only 2,700 people fled back, and tens of thousands of military equipment were lost.The first conquest of Korea failed.The expedition to Koryo this time brought endless disasters to the people. Peasant uprisings in various places were raging like a storm. The number of rebels was hundreds of thousands, and the few were tens of thousands, which had caused a serious threat to the Sui Dynasty.However, Emperor Sui Yang insisted on going his own way and insisted on continuing to attack. In the ninth year of Daye, the second war against Korea was launched.The deployment of this battle is basically the same as the first one. Emperor Yang sits in Liaodong, and Yu Wenshu and General Chang Yichen go to Pyongyang.Just when the army had just arrived at the front and the navy had not yet left Donglai, Yang Xuangan, the son of Yang Su and Minister of Rites, launched a rebellion in Liyang and besieged Dongdu.Emperor Yangdi heard the news at the front line and hurriedly withdrew his troops to rescue Luoyang.Military equipment and combat supplies piled up like a mountain, and the camps and tents remained intact, all of which were thrown on the battlefield.The second expedition to Korea failed again. The failure of the Second Expedition to Goryeo and Yang Xuangan's rebellion severely damaged the vitality of the Sui Dynasty.In particular, the peasant uprisings in various places made Emperor Sui Yang face a catastrophe. However, Emperor Sui Yang was still relentless, and Daye launched the third war against Korea in ten years.In July of this year, Laihuer's navy defeated the Korean army near Pyongyang.After two tosses, Goryeo also lost both sides with the Sui Dynasty, so they sent envoys to make peace, and Emperor Yang also took the opportunity to withdraw his troops. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty ran around and raised soldiers repeatedly. I don't know how much people's energy and resources were consumed. When he succeeded to the throne, the treasury was full and the soldiers and horses were strong, but now the building was about to collapse. Although Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty had no great talent, he also had certain civil and military talents, but his talents did not become his advantage in governing the world, but instead became the capital of his arrogance, jealousy and envy. In terms of literature, Emperor Sui Yang can be said to have a little literary talent.He once said to his courtiers: "Everyone in the world says that I own the world by virtue of heredity. If I were to be selected equally with the scholar-bureaucrats, I should also be the emperor." Zhou, whose writing is the standard of the world, was killed because of the envy of Emperor Yangdi. The wiser emperors in ancient times, even if they couldn't follow advice, could still accept some good advice and make up for some mistakes. However, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty did the opposite. He used all his talents to reject advice and cover up mistakes. , he loathes and even hates those who are extremely vocal and dare to advise, and he must get rid of them quickly.Those honest and outspoken ministers in the court will not end well if they don't keep their mouths shut. Shangshu Pushe Gao Jiong was a famous minister of the Sui Dynasty. He not only assisted Emperor Wen to establish the Sui Dynasty, but also took charge of the command and deployment when Emperor Yangdi attacked the Chen Dynasty in the south, and achieved the martial arts of Emperor Yangdi.After Emperor Sui Yang came to the throne, he was appointed as Taichang.Seeing that Emperor Yang was unrestrained in his sensuality, Gao Jiong started the battle of the Great Wall again, and said to Li Yi, Taichang Cheng: "Emperor Zhou Tianyuan died out of pleasure, and he should be taught a lesson. How can he still do this?" Khan's kindness was too generous, and Chiung was deeply worried about the country. He said to Taifu Secretary He Chou: "Qimin Khan knows the reality of China, and the terrain of mountains and rivers may cause future troubles." Ying's opinion. The three people were killed because of these few words, and were killed by Emperor Yangdi on the charge of slandering the government. Later, the imperial court negotiated a new order, but it was not decided for a long time. Xue Daoheng, the servant of internal history, said to the courtiers: "If Gao Jiong had not died, the new order would have been promulgated and implemented long ago."Daoheng himself felt that the crime he committed was not a major crime and would be pardoned, so he urged the judiciary to give him an early sentence. He also notified his family to prepare meals to welcome him home.When Emperor Yangdi sentenced him, he was allowed to commit suicide. Zhang Heng, the imperial historian, was originally a lucky minister of Emperor Sui Yang.Emperor Yangdi's seizure of the crown prince was all due to Zhang Heng's plan.Therefore, after he ascended the throne, Zhang Heng ascended to the top of the sky and received favor in the court.Later, Emperor Yangdi wanted to expand the Fenyang Palace and asked Zhang Heng to plan the design. Heng secretly persuaded Emperor Yang: "In the past few years, there were too many labors and the people were exhausted. You should exercise a little restraint." He was immediately demoted as the governor of Yulin. In 1999, he was sent to the south to supervise Jiangdu Palace, and because he said "Xue Daoheng really died in vain", he was arrested and sentenced to beheaded, and he was released after a long time.Later, Zhang Heng committed suicide. After the three conquests of Goryeo, Emperor Yang was going to visit the eastern capital again. The Taishi ordered Yu Zhijin to remonstrate: "Your Majesty has conquered Goryeo for many years, and the people are poor. You should take care of the pass, let the people do their best to farm and mulberry, let them take a breath, and then go on a tour. .” As a result, he was killed by Emperor Yangdi.The rest who advised Emperor Yang to save people's power and stop the parade were killed and demoted.Seeing that Emperor Sui Yang was so hopeless, the ministers didn't dare to joke about their own lives anymore, and all of them became echoers. In contrast, the people favored by Emperor Sui Yang were either vicious, greedy or flattering villains. Yang Su was an important court official favored by Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty. Although he was talented in civil and military affairs, he only knew how to flatter the king and dared not violate Emperor Yang's will at all.And amassing wealth, decorating gorgeous houses again and again, thousands of children in the family, and thousands of concubines in the back court wearing splendid clothes.Yu Wenshu was also a go-getter when Emperor Yangdi seized the throne. He was good at watching Yangdi's appearance.In the twelfth year of Daye (616 A.D.), he catered to Emperor Yang's wishes and persuaded Emperor Yang to be lucky in Jiangdu, so he prepared love and favor.Others, such as Yu Shiji, the minister of internal history, Pei Yun, the doctor of imperial history, and Guo Yan, the doctor of Guanglu, are all favored by flattery.In order to please Emperor Yang, Guo Yan persuaded Emperor Yang to visit the court every five days, so as not to be tired of political affairs.Such treacherous ministers who urged the emperor to ignore political affairs like this, Emperor Yang thought they were loyal, and said: "Only Guo Yan has the same heart as me." Anyone who can obey Yangdi's power and enjoyment of corruption will be promoted, otherwise, he will be killed or demoted.In the third year of Daye, Emperor Yang visited the north, and the prefect of Yanmen, Qiu He, offered exquisite food, and moved inward to be the prefect of Boling; the prefect of Mayi, Yang Kuo, had nothing to offer, so he was sent to Boling to learn from Qiuhe.Since then, all local officials competed to present exquisite food to Emperor Yang.The last time I visited Jiangdu, the local officials in the Jianghuai area had an audience with Emperor Yangdi, and asked about the gifts and salaries.Wang Shichong, the Prime Minister of Jiangdu County, presented bronze mirrors and screens and moved them to Tongshou;As a result, counties and counties competed to contribute to the exploitation of ordinary people, and officials took the opportunity to embezzle themselves and bribe public officials. The politics of the Sui Dynasty became increasingly corrupt. In the last years of Emperor Yangdi, a wave of peasant uprisings swept across the country, and the tyrant was made to panic all day long.When he went to sleep at night, he had to be rocked and stroked by several women to force him to fall asleep.But even so, he still deceived himself and others, as long as his ministers said that there were few traitors, he would like it, otherwise, he would be demoted or beheaded. During the 14 years of Emperor Sui Yang's reign, he dug long moats, built the West Garden, built the Eastern Capital, dug canals, built the Great Wall, flourished and ruled the palace, felled trees and built ships, and dug mountain passages. , The militarism, these endless, endless military service, corvee service not only claimed the lives of millions of people, but also pushed the social economy to an impasse.His repeated tours to the north and south, as well as extravagant extravagance, made the people exhausted inside and outside, and the people were impoverished.The people can't survive, so they have to take risks. In the seventh year of Daye (611 A.D.), Wang Bo led farmers to raise the flag of rebellion in Changbai Mountain (now Zhangqiu, Shandong). The slogan of the uprising was to oppose the expedition to Goryeo.Wang Bo wrote "The Death Song of the Wuxiang Liaodong Wave" to call on the peasants to participate in the uprising, and the peasants who had escaped from military service joined in one after another.Wang Bo joined the army, and the people who suffered from military service responded one after another. Under the impact of the power of the people, a split occurred within the ruling group.In the ninth year of Daye, Emperor Yang of Sui conquered Korea twice, and Yang Su's son Yang Xuangan launched a rebellion.He also took advantage of the rising resistance of the people. He raised his troops and swore: "As a Shangzhu country, my family has accumulated tens of thousands of gold, and I don't want to be rich. Now I don't care about the disaster of destroying the family, so as to solve the world's upside down." His slogan catered to the wishes of the broad masses of the people. The local elders competed to offer cattle and wine, and thousands of people came to join the army every day. Yang Xuangan's rebellion caused a strong shock within the ruling class. Han Shi'e, son of Han Qinhu, Laiyuan, son of Laihuer, and Pei Shuangji, son of Pei Yun, more than 40 people surrendered to Yang Xuangan together. Si Zhengjun conspired with Xuangan.Later, although Emperor Yangdi suppressed the rebellion, the ruling group began to disintegrate from within. Under the situation of internal and external rebellion, Emperor Sui Yang still did not think about repenting. He not only continued to launch the war against Korea, but also visited Taiyuan and the Great Wall in the north.At this time, Shibi Khan, who had already attached himself to the Sui Dynasty, saw that the national power of the Sui Dynasty was exhausted, and also tried to break away from the control of the Sui Dynasty. Taking advantage of Emperor Yangdi's fortress, he led hundreds of thousands of cavalry to surround Emperor Yangdi at Yanmen, and relied on soldiers to hold on. And reinforcements from all over the country can be rescued. After this incident, Emperor Yangdi realized that the situation was not good.After returning to Dongdu, he planned to travel south to Jiangdu to avoid the edge of peasant uprising.At this time, he still didn't want to repent, and continued to abuse the people's power. He ordered the dragon boat to be rebuilt in Jiangdu and sent to Dongdu, and he built 16 palaces in Piling (now Changzhou, Jiangsu). In July of the twelfth year of Daye, the dragon boat was built and sent to Luoyang. Yu Wenshu and others persuaded Emperor Yang to go to Xingjiang. Many court ministers realized that this trip would never return, but they dared not speak.Jianjiewei Renzhong, Fengxinlang Cui Minxiang, Wang Airen, etc. successively made admonitions and were all killed.Emperor Yangdi left Yue Wang Dong to stay in Dongdu, and then went to Jiangdu. During more than a year in Jiangdu, Du Fuwei, a peasant army, marched towards Jianghuai, defeated Sui Dynasty general Chen Leng, conquered Gaoyou, and entered Liyang.The Wagang Army led by Zhai Rang and Li Mi in the Central Plains defeated Zhang Xutuo and Pei Renji, the main forces of the Sui Army.They spread to the surrounding counties and counties, exposing the ten crimes of Emperor Yangdi, saying: "The bamboo in the South Mountain is full of books, the crime is endless, and the waves of the East China Sea are broken, and the evil is endless." Dong continued to fight against the Wagang army.Dou Jiande of Hebei defeated Xue Shixiong who stayed behind in Zhuo County who went south to attack Li Mi, and his power shocked Hebei. Seeing that the Sui Dynasty was exhausted, many local armed forces rose up to stand on their own.Xue Ju, the school lieutenant of Jincheng Mansion, separatized Lanzhou and claimed to be Emperor Qin; Sima Li Gui of Yingyang Mansion occupied Wuwei, and claimed to be the King of Daliang in Hexi; Shuofang, known as Emperor Daliang.Li Yuan, who stayed behind in Taiyuan, raised his troops to capture Chang'an. Yang You, the grandson of Emperor Yang, was established as the puppet emperor, and Emperor Yang was respected as the Supreme Emperor.Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, a tyrant who was cruel and impoverished all over the world, became a lone husband who betrayed all relatives. Emperor Sui Yang, whose power was gone, also felt that the end was coming, but he still wanted to enjoy himself in time, drinking and having fun with Empress Xiao, Xing Ji and others every day, drunk and dreaming.He also comforted himself and said to Empress Xiao: "Many people want to overthrow me now, but I am still the Duke of the Great Wall, and you are also Empress Shen (referring to Chen Shubao and Shen after the subjugation of the country), and drink for fun." One day, he looked in the mirror Shi Shi touched his neck and said to Empress Xiao: "What a neck, I don't know who will cut it off." He also prepared poison to take with him, so that he could swallow it in an emergency. In March of the fourteenth year of Daye (AD 618), the end of Emperor Sui Yang really came.It turned out that Emperor Yangdi saw that the world was in great chaos and it was irreversible, so he ordered the Danyang Palace (now Nanjing) to be repaired and planned to move to Jiangzuo.Congjia's guard Tuining Wenshu's son Yu Wenshu led a mutiny and strangled Emperor Yang to death at the age of 50.His posthumous title is "Emperor Yang".