Chapter 9 Chapter Eight: Emperor Zhao Liu Fuling

Emperor Zhaodi Liu Fuling of the Han Dynasty, father Liu Che, and mother "Mrs. Boxing" Gou Yi. He succeeded to the throne at the age of 8, took charge at the age of 18, and died at the age of 21.Although his life was limited, his reign was not short; although he was mostly assisted by ministers during his reign, he also had some political achievements. The mother of Emperor Zhao Liu Fuling was a strange woman, she was selected during the tour of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty Liu Che.That year, Emperor Wu drove to Hejian Kingdom (now southeast of Xianxian County, Hebei Province), and an attendant who specialized in hopefulness told Emperor Wu: There are auspicious clouds in the sky over Hejian, and there must be a strange woman here.Emperor Wu immediately ordered the accompanying officials to look for it.A young girl was found.She is beautiful, but her hands are clenched into fists and cannot be stretched out.But Emperor Wu stretched out his hand to break it lightly, and the girl's hands stood apart.Emperor Wu ordered someone to help her into an accompanying cart and take her back to the palace, where she was named "Mrs. Boxing".

Emperor Wu loved "Madame Fist" very much, and soon named her Jieyu.Jieyu is the title of concubine created by Emperor Wu, and she is the queen.She moved into a palace in Weiyang Palace - Gouyi Palace, so Emperor Wu called her "Gouyi".In the second year of Taishi (95 BC), Zhao Jieyu became pregnant. Delivered 14 months later, a baby boy.People are born in 10 months of pregnancy, how could Zhao Jieyu be 14 months?The palace people talked a lot.After Emperor Wu heard about it, he said: "I heard that Yao was born in 14 months, but I didn't expect that Gouyi was the same." So he named the Gouyi Palace Gate "Yao's Mother Gate", and the baby's name was "Gouyizi". Fuling, the word said no.

The crown prince Liu Ju, who was established by Emperor Wu, was forced to rebel and committed suicide after being defeated. The other two sons, Liu Dan, King of Yan, and Liu Xu, King of Guangling, had misbehavior and many crimes.On the other hand, Gouyizi is well-developed, strong, and intelligent. Emperor Wu loved it very much, and often said to people: "This child is like me." heir.But he was afraid that after his death, the youngest son would be young, and his mother would be in court, and he would appear like Empress Lu, so he hesitated.Later, Mrs. Quan was forced to commit suicide because she offended Emperor Wu and was blamed.Therefore, Emperor Wu made Liu Fuling the crown prince.

The prince is young and needs the assistance of ministers.Emperor Wu inspected all the officials in the government and the opposition, and finally selected Huo Guang, the doctor of Fengche Duwei Guanglu.He asked the painter in the palace to draw a painting of "Duke Zhou Xiangcheng King" and gave it to Huo Guang. In the second year of Houyuan (87 BC), Emperor Wu, who was visiting the Wuzha Palace in the southwest of Chang'an, suddenly fell ill, and his condition deteriorated sharply. Huo Guang, who was serving beside him, asked in tears, "If there is a confession, who will be the heir?" Emperor Wu said: "You don't know the meaning of the painting before you know it? Set up a hook and Yizi, and you will do the work of Duke Zhou." Huo Guang declined that he was not as good as Jin Rishidan.Kim Il-shik was a Huns who was captured as a horse-breeding official slave, and was later appreciated by Emperor Wu, from official to son-in-law Du Wei, Doctor Guanglu, who was also a minister trusted by Emperor Wu.Therefore, Emperor Wu appointed Huo Guang as General Da Sima, Jin Rishidan as General Chariot and Rider, Shangguan Jie from Longxi Shangyu (now Tianshui, Gansu) as General Zuo, and Sang Hongyang from Luoyang as Doctor Yushi to assist them together. hook yizi.The next day, Emperor Wu died, and Gouyizi took the throne as Emperor Zhao.

Emperor Zhao was only 8 years old when he came to the throne.His sister, Princess Eyi, stayed in the palace to raise Emperor Zhao.Huo Guang led the book affairs with the Great General Sima, and all political affairs, no matter how big or small, were determined by Huo Guang. In the era of Emperor Wu, foreign troops were used, construction was carried out internally, the national treasury was exhausted, the taxation of the people increased, and social conflicts intensified.In his later years, Emperor Wu issued the "Edict of Guilt", expressing that he would change the internal and external policies, forbid harshness and violence, stop unauthorized taxation, and do his best to support farmers.But he died of illness a year later, leaving a dilapidated mess for Emperor Zhao and his subjects.Huo Guangkuang, who was in power, failed to rescue the disadvantages and reorganized the country. He played Zhun Zhaodi and issued several edicts one after another: sent five former court officials, Wang and Pingping, to patrol the prefectures and states with festivals, to promote the virtuous, to ask the people about their sufferings and grievances, Investigate and deal with dereliction of duty officials; send envoys to help the poor, distribute them grain, and exempt them from tax for one year;These measures have played a certain role in alleviating the social crisis since Emperor Wudi.

The policy of governing the country promoted by Huo Guang was originally determined by Emperor Wu's "Guilty Edict". He just put Emperor Wu's reform policy into practice and promoted the transformation of the policy of governing the country.However, his actions were opposed by some people, headed by Sang Hongyang, the imperial historian.Sang Hongyang was the planner of Emperor Wu's government policy of salt, iron, and wine. He was keen on the policy of making great achievements in the early days of Emperor Wu and opposed changing the policy of governing the country.As a result, courtiers had serious differences in the policy of governing the country.In February of the sixth year of the First Yuan Dynasty (81 BC), the government held a "salt and iron meeting" to debate the policy of governing the country.After the debate, the party represented by Huo Guang gained the upper hand. After this meeting, the transformation of the policy of governing the country was further promoted and strengthened.It was precisely because of the transformation that the Western Han Dynasty, which was on the verge of collapse, could regain some vitality.

However, the struggle within the courtiers intensified further. In the second year after the "Salt and Iron Conference", a court coup conspired by Shangguan Jie, Sang Hongyang and others took place. In the third year of Emperor Zhao's accession to the throne, General Jin Rishi died of illness, and the remaining three auxiliary ministers Huo Guang, Sang Hongyang, and Shangguan Jie fought desperately. Sang Hongyang, the imperial historian, was a powerful official in the former court. He considered himself superior to Huo Guang in terms of qualifications, merits, and talents.He is also an assistant minister in name, but his power is not only inferior to Huo Guang, but also inferior to Shangguan Jie. At the "Salt and Iron Conference", it failed again.He once sought an official for his son, but was rejected by Huo Guang.Therefore, he also resented Huo Guang very much.

Huo and Shangguan are relatives with sons and daughters, and Shangguan An, the son of Shangguan Jie, married Huo Guang's daughter.Because of this relationship, among the Big Three, Shangguan Jie's power is second only to Huo Guang.Huo Guangxiu Mu went home, and Shangguan Jie ruled the political affairs for him.But the Shangguan family was not satisfied with this.By ingratiating Emperor Zhao's sister, Princess Eyi, they gained her trust, and taking advantage of her opportunity to choose a concubine for their younger brother, they sent Shangguan'an's 6-year-old daughter to the harem, so that Emperor Zhao, who was only 12 years old, canonized her as queen.The father valued the daughter, and Shangguan An became the general of the hussars, and he was granted the title of Marquis Sangle.He is arrogant, extravagant, and domineering.He drank and had fun all day long, and committed adultery with his stepmother and maidservants.Because Huo Guang did not allow Shangguan An's daughter to enter the palace at the beginning, they resented them very much and wanted to replace her.

In the action of opposing and expelling Huo Guang, Shangguan's family also formed an alliance with the imperial relatives.In the court is the princess Eyi. They won her favor by arranging the princess' lover Ding Wairen, but Huo Guang had a grudge against the princess because he refused to make Ding Wairen an official.In addition, they also united with Liu Dan, the third son of Emperor Wu.Because the prince committed suicide and the second son died early, Liu Dan thought that the throne belonged to him, but he didn't want to pass it to the youngest son, so he had a lot of resentment towards Emperor Zhao.In this way, the Quartet hit it off and started to act.

Shangguan Jie and Sang Hongyang secretly collected Huo Guang's mistakes and handed over the materials to Yan Wang Liu Dan.Liu Dan sent people to Shangshu to impeach Huo Guang and said: "Huo Guang went out of Beijing to Guangming Pavilion in the East of Chang'an to inspect the Imperial Forest Army. He was praised on the road, and the eunuch provided food and drink, and used the emperor's honor guard; he was nepotism, and his chief official, Yang Chang, did nothing. However, Cai became the captain of Sou Su; he also transferred the school captain without authorization. Huo Guang has arbitrarily exercised power, and the minister suspects that he is plotting wrongdoing, and is willing to return to Wang Xi, stay in the capital, and defend the emperor."

When Shangguan Jie and Sang Hongyang took Huo Guang back home after taking a rest, they persuaded Emperor Zhao to send the memorial of King Yan to all officials and dismiss Huo Guang.Unexpectedly, Emperor Zhao kept Yan Wang's memorial and refused to send it out.In the early morning of the next day, Huo Guang went to the court, and when he heard about the impeachment of King Yan, he stopped in a hall called "painting room" and did not dare to enter the court.Emperor Zhao summoned Huo Guang to enter the court.Huo Guang enters without a crown.Emperor Zhao said: "When the general wears the crown, I know that the King of Yan's memorandum is fraudulent, but the general is innocent." Said: "The general went to Guangming Pavilion to inspect the Imperial Forest Army. The Guangming Pavilion is very close. Why do you need to prepare food? How can the King of Yan know that the transfer of the school lieutenant will take less than ten days? If the general wants to plot something wrong, he doesn't need the school lieutenant. " Unwilling to fail, Shangguan Jie and others decided to take the risk.They made a plan: Princess Eyi invites Huo Guang to drink, ambushes and kills Huo Guang; get rid of King Yan, abolish Emperor Zhao, and support Shangguan Jie as emperor.Unexpectedly, their conspiracy was detected by Yancang, the rice field envoy. Yancang secretly reported to the chief minister Yang Chang, Yang Chang told the admonishment doctor Du Yannian, and Du Yannian reported to Emperor Zhao and Huo Guang. He and Dingwairen killed the three clans; Princess Eyi and King Yan committed suicide.Queen Shangguan was young, only 8 years old, and she did not participate in the rebellion. In addition, she was Huo Guang's granddaughter, so she was not deposed and was still her queen.After the crushing of the coup, the government gradually stabilized. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng (77 BC), Emperor Zhao turned 18 and held a crown ceremony.According to the old system, after the coronation, Emperor Zhao was in charge, but the military power was still entrusted to Huo Guang.Huo Guang was in charge of the great power and was not domineering, and the monarch and his ministers lived in peace. "King Cheng did not doubt Zhou Gong, and Emperor Zhao appointed Huo Guang" has become a historical story. Under the governance of Emperor Zhao and Huo Guang, the political situation of the Han Empire was stable, the social economy developed greatly, and a "Zhongxing" situation appeared. In the summer and April of the third year after taking office, Emperor Zhao fell ill and died in Weiyang Palace at the age of 21.He was buried in Pingling (now northwest of Xianyang, Shaanxi).His posthumous title is "Zhao", which means "Sage Wen Zhou Da".