Chapter 15 revenge for Qiu Jin

Ying Mengqing, Section Chief of the Shanghai Military Governor's Mansion, was checking the official documents and letters received last night in his office.Room No. 1 walked in: "Chief Ying, there are two people who want to see the governor." Ying Mengqing was about to get up to see who was there when two people walked in.The person in front of him was 27 or 28 years old, not tall, with broad cheeks and a big nose, with a brave face, and his body in a poplin gown seemed to explode at any time.The latter was younger and handsome.As soon as the two entered the door, a cloud of anger rushed over their faces.

Both of them are acquaintances, and they are fellow villagers in Zhejiang. "Old Ying, is Dudu Chen there?" "Upstairs." Without waiting for the announcement of the invitation, the two went straight upstairs, Ying Mengqing was startled and hurriedly followed behind. The governor of the Shanghai Army, Chen Qimei, was talking to the chief of staff, Huang Yu, when the first person walked into the governor's office boldly, without saying hello, and shouted: "Tang Shouqian is against our revolution, why does our revolutionary party push him out to be the governor?"

The latter person took a step forward and said loudly: "You are afraid of death, I will show you!" He actually took out a pistol from his body and pressed it on his chest. The three people in the Dudu Mansion were all terrified.Chen Qimei and Huang Yu stood up immediately.Ying Mengqing was the closest. He stretched out his hand, grabbed the hand holding the gun, and snatched it away. He took the young man with one hand, and hurriedly handed the gun to Chief of Staff Huang with the other. Huang Yu opened the desk drawer, stuffed the pistol in the back, and said, "Brother, I have something to discuss!" Chen Qimei also came up and held the hand of the first person, saying: "We still have a lot of important things to do, we will immediately If we want to go to the Northern Expedition to recover the whole country, we have to go to the central government to do things, so why bother with a local governor?"

He turned his head and said to the young man: "Jieshi, you will be the deputy commander of the first division and the commander of the first regiment, and you will be Yingbai's deputy." Huang Yu was also the commander of the first division of the Shanghai Army at that time. Then he said to the first person: "If Ji Gao wants to go back to Zhejiang, he will be the Minister of Construction." The young man was held back by Ying Mengqing and Huang Yu, and stopped talking.The first person was still angry and shouted: "Don't be a minister of construction! I want to go back to Shaoxing, Zhejiang to oppose Tang Shouqian!"

Chen Qimei shook her head and said: "The Zhejiang matter has just been settled. If you do this, you will ruin the big event again." Seeing that the man ignored him, he had to say: "You just came here, haven't you eaten yet? Lao Ying Get some food ready!" Ying Mengqing responded, turned around and went downstairs.But he heard the man say, "I don't want to eat!" Huang Yu was familiar with his temper, so he said, "Then let's go out to eat, go out to eat." So Ying Mengqing was asked to call two carriages.After a while, four people went downstairs, and the carriage also came.

Ying Mengqing watched the carriage go away, as if having a daydream.He and the four people in the carriage are old acquaintances, and he can feel that the young Jiang Zhiqing is somewhat bluffing. He and the governor and the chief of staff are exchange brothers.But the person in front of him is hard to say, his temper... At three or four o'clock in the afternoon, the guards came back.Ying Mengqing asked where the governor went, "The guards said they went to Yipinxiang to eat big dishes, and after eating big dishes, they went to Qinghefang Tangzi (brothel) to play mahjong."The next day, Ying Mengqing heard that the man left Shanghai alone.

Zhejiang, Shaoxing, that man named Wang Jinfa is back. The enmity between Wang Jinfa and Tang Shouqian still originated from Qiu Jin's death. Wang Jinfa was met by Xu Xilin when he was lobbying for the revolution in eastern Zhejiang, and he was regarded as his disciple. In the summer of 1906, Wang Jinfa returned from Japan. With his qualifications as a top student in Omori Physical Education School, he worked as a gymnastics teacher in Shaoxing Datong Academy founded by Xu Xilin.This winter, Qiu Jin returned to Shaoxing from Shanghai.Since then, Qiu Jin has been Wang Jinfa's colleague and comrade-in-arms.According to the memory of Zhu Zanqing, a student at Datong Academy at the time, Qiu Jin’s image looked like this:

"Qiu Jin came to the school every day, and came back late. She took a medium-sized wave boat, and two boatmen picked her up and sent her back and forth. Once she got ashore, she walked into the principal's room or the teacher's room. She didn't teach part-time. .She is not tall and has a high nose. She often wears a braid and wears a long gown made of fish-belly white bamboo cloth. Although her feet are bound, she wears a pair of black leather shoes." ("Datong Normal School") Qiu Jin didn't have much to do with the students, but Wang Jinfa had a close relationship with them, and he admired this heroine very much.Once Wang Jinfa took a secret letter from his teacher Xu Xilin to Qiu Jin. After returning, he wrote two lines of poems: "It is impossible for a man to be a hero, but let his daughter take possession of a hero." He later went into exile in Shanghai and opened a school as a response Yuan Ji, whose name is "Jingxiong Girls' School", commemorates Qiu Jin, whose name is "Ms. Jingxiong".

In May 1907, Qiu Jin convened the "Eastern Zhejiang Restoration Army" in Shaoxing. Contact the Hui Party in Sheng County, my hometown.Qiu Jin's plan was to first launch an uprising in Jinhua and Chuzhou, wait for the Qing soldiers from Hangzhou to help these two places, and then attack Hangzhou with the Shengxian County Restoration Army.Therefore, the Shengxian Army is the elite of the East Zhejiang Restoration Army, with more than a quarter of the number.The date of the uprising was first set on May 26 of the lunar calendar, and Xu Xilin would launch it in Anqing on the same day.Later, due to unfinished preparations and signs of leaks in Jinhua and other places, Qiu Jin changed the date to the tenth day of June.

On May 26, Xu Xilin died after assassinating En Ming.Wang Jinfa was in Sheng County, and when he saw the news in the Shanghai newspaper, he immediately led more than 30 people to Shaoxing on the night of the 29th.According to Wang Jinfa's idea, Datong Academy immediately launched an attack, first killing Guifu, the prefect of Shaoxing, and then planning to attack Hangzhou.Qiu Jin insisted on waiting until the tenth day of June—I guess Qiu Jin felt helpless when he heard the news of Xu Xilin's death, and had no intention of putting the students of Datong Academy at risk. Guifu, the prefect, must be more nervous than Qiu Jin. He has a deep relationship with Datong Academy. Qiu Jin also worked as a tutor in his family and recognized Mrs. Tai as a godmother.Earlier, someone posted a debunking post on the streets and alleys of Shaoxing, calling Datong Academy a "bandit's nest", but he didn't ask too much.Therefore, the so-called whistleblowers such as Hu Daonan are actually mostly excuses, and there are not many secrets in this uprising.The only thing Guifu can do is to rush to Hangzhou overnight and invite the new army to suppress the incident.

Zhejiang Governor Zhang Zengzhi sent three or four hundred troops to Shaoxing on the fourth day of June.Wang Jinfa urged Qiu Jin to stand firm and resist, but Qiu Jin just urged the students and staff to run away quickly.Of course Wang Jinfa refused to leave, and Qiu Jin "prompted her repeatedly, with a stern tone".At this time, the Qing soldiers had already approached the school gate, and Datong Academy had no side gate or back gate, so the students had to rush out through the gate, and as a result, two students of specialized courses were shot. "Not long after, Li Yizhi's troops surrounded Datong like an iron barrel, and civil and military officials from all over the city arrived. What registers, documents, books, old Mauser guns, boxes of bullets in the wall, everything suspicious The things and the people are all bundled, and those who are arrested are arrested." At this moment, Wang Jinfa crossed the wall and crossed the river.He returned home late at night to leave his mother, and then ran away in a hurry.His mother fled, and his wife Shen Xiongqing was arrested.Shen's imitation of Song Jiang's methods in "Water Margin", urinating in the courtroom, talking nonsense, the local officials can't do anything about her, so they have to curse a few "bandit women" and put her in prison. On June 6th, Qiu Jin died at Guxuan Pavilion.During Wang Jinfa's revolutionary years, Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin were probably his mentors.The two mentors died at the hands of the Qing court within less than ten days. What kind of blow was it to the 24-year-old Wang Jinfa? Before Chen Qimei sent people to find him in 1908, Wang Jinfa was the leader of the bandits in Shengxian County. This is the origin of Lu Xun's "Green Forest University". The effect of preventing children from crying at night.Wang Jinfa also did one more thing: he sneaked back to Shaoxing and killed Hu Daonan, a gentleman who was said to have reported Qiu Jin's treason to Guifu.Later, Cai Yuanpei, a fellow from Shaoxing, defended Hu Xiangshen, but Wang Jinfa would not let go of any opportunity to avenge Qiu Jin.Chen Qimei referred to Wang Jinfa as "Nie Zheng today", not only praising his superb assassination skills, but also his personality traits of "revenge for revenge". No one can tell what role Tang Shouqian, the leader of Zhejiang's constitutional faction, played in Qiu Jin's case.Anyway, Wang Jinfa believed that Zhang Zengzhi, governor of Zhejiang Province, had consulted Tang Shouqian on "whether to arrest Qiu Jin"-most local officials in the late Qing Dynasty were unwilling to form a deadly feud with the Revolutionary Party, and Shanqi could let Wang Jingwei go. Duan Fang can let Sun Yuyun go. Legend has it that Tie Liang, in order to remove himself from the Revolutionary Party's assassination list, also sponsored the already financially distressed "Min Bao".When the Anqing case happened, Xu Xilin was arrested, and Fan Tai Feng Xu repeatedly excused him. After Xu's death, he wrote a couplet to confess that "the hero is not ignorant, but he is ignorant and the bandit is stupid."Why couldn't Zhang Zengshu let go of a woman in Shaoxing who had no proof of revolution? It is said that Tang Shouqian tried his best to encourage Zhang Zengshu to "kill one to warn the hundred", so he sent troops to Shaoxing late at night.Regardless of whether it was true or not, Wang Jinfa once vowed to kill Tang Shouqian and mentioned it to Chen Qimei many times. Chen Qimei tried her best to dissuade Tang Shouqian, saying that Tang Shouqian was "desired to return", and Zhejiang will be restored in the future with his help.Although Wang Jinfa was born in the Restoration Society, he was very convinced by Chen Qimei who led him to return to the revolution. Although he never mentioned Tang Shouqian, it was absolutely impossible for him to be willing to serve Tang Shouqian as the governor of Zhejiang. When Hangzhou was restored, Wang Jinfa was the death captain.Ever since Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin suffered successive disasters in Zhejiang, the congregation for the recovery was scattered, and the hearts of the people were quite scattered. On the eve of the recovery, the New Army, the Gendarmerie, and the Consultative Council could not discuss a candidate for the governor. He decided to be independent "the sooner the better", but on the grounds that the Zhejiang army only had regular guns and was not easy to maneuver, he asked Shanghai to send a death squad and bring their own bomb pistols.So Wang Jinfa led the crowd back to Hangzhou. On September 15th (November 5th), the death squads charged forward, many of whom were students of Xu and Qiu back then. Wang Jinfa's death squad lived in the Fantai Yamen after the liberation.He heard that the elected governor was Tang Shouqian, and he refused to allow financial officials from the Zhejiang Military Government to enter the treasury for enumeration.In the end, the military government sent a fellow from Shengxian County who had a good personal relationship with Wang Jinfa, so he could enter the treasury alone for inspection, and found that there were only money in it, but no ingots. Wang Jinfa went to Shanghai to sue, but failed. After returning to Zhejiang, he ignored the Zhejiang military government, took the people from Shengxian County who were in the death squad, and went straight to Shaoxing.The appeal of the blond bandit was really great. The Guangfu members of Shengxian County who were scattered all over Zhejiang also came to join him when they heard the news.When Wang Jinfa entered Shaoxing, there were only a few dozen men with guns, and soon expanded into a regiment, and then expanded into a brigade, and even planned to form a division or army. Before Wang Jinfa came, Shaoxing heard that Hangzhou was restored, and immediately declared its independence.This is what Lu Xun said in "Eyes are full of white flags. However, despite the appearance, the inner core is still the same, because it is still a military government organized by a few old gentry. The shareholders of the railway are the director of administration, and the treasurer of the money store is the director of ordnance. ..." The head of the Shaoxing branch is the former magistrate Cheng Zanqing, and the officials are mainly old country gentry, and that's all. Zhang Jiemei, the chief of the security department, is Wang Jinfa's thorn in the flesh. Zhang Jiemei once worked as a "Master of Zhezuo" in the governor's yamen of Zhejiang Province. This is a very important position, because the status of the holy family and their competence often depend on the ingenuity of the memorials.At that time, Zuo Zongtang became the master of ensemble music for Luo Bingzhang, governor of Hunan Province, and his reputation rose.Shaoxing is the hometown of masters, and Zhang Jiemei has retired and lived in the hometown as a senior official and staff member in the province, so the influence can be imagined. It is strange that Zhang Jiemei and Qiu Jin, or the Shaoxing revolutionaries, have any feuds between the three rivers and the four seas?According to the legends and historical records at the time, Qiu Jin was arrested because he was the one who informed, Guifu killed Qiu Jin, and he tried his best to encourage "beheading first and playing later", and also drafted a memorial for the court. Finally, it was he who came up with the idea to have Zeng Yunping, governor of Zhejiang, destroy the autumn tomb——Zhang Jiemei did this, so why?Nobody knows.There are only eight words in the notebook "Six Six Private Vehicles" written by Qiu Jin's younger brother: "There is no evidence for it, and Zhang Gufu inherits it." However, everyone at the time believed that Zhang Jiemei was the main murderer in the autumn case.How familiar are you with this passage from Lu Xun, which was selected into middle school textbooks in the future: "Ms. Qiu Jin died of an informant. In my hometown, I came to a governor, who is the so-called governor now, and her comrade: Wang Jinfa. He captured the mastermind who killed her, gathered the files of informants, and wanted to avenge her. However, the murderer was finally captured. The Lord was released. It is said that it was because the Republic of China had already been established, and everyone should not repair old grievances. But after the failure of the second revolution, Wang Jinfa was shot and executed by Yuan Shikai’s lackeys. mastermind." (On "Fairplay" Should Be Delayed") The annotations in "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" say that the "informer" is Hu Daonan, but of course this passage refers to Zhang Jiemei. "Information" is really a very strange charge. Everyone knows the relationship between Qiu Jin and Xu Xilin. Datong Academy was also created by Xu. Xu Xilin committed a big crime in Anqing. Is there any reason for Zhejiang not to deal with Datong Academy?Besides, neither Hu Daonan nor Zhang Jiemei are members of the revolutionary party, so what secrets do they have?It's nothing more than the so-called "revealing the head" to provide a pretext for the local officials' hunting and killing actions. When the news of the recovery of Hangzhou came out, Shaoxing immediately established a military branch and declared independence.This at least shows that from the magistrate Cheng Zanqing to the squire Zhang Jiemei, they are by no means loyal and stubborn officials of the Qing Dynasty.Since the wind will turn the rudder in three years, why bother to kill them all three years ago?Couldn't they be like Yu Mingzhen in the "Su Bao" case, letting go of everyone they could, except Zhang Taiyan and Zou Rong who refused to leave but failed?There are many incomprehensible cases in this case. Regardless of the facts, Wang Jinfa was unable to cut off the head of Zhang Jiemei with deep hatred, because Zhang Jiemei, like Shanyang County Magistrate Yao Rongze, was not as simple as a former local official. The power of gentry and businessmen.It can be said that these two people are the representative symbols of Jiangnan gentry.Before the revolution, the gentry and merchants in Jiangsu and Zhejiang were always close to "officials" rather than "bandits".Helping officials to suppress bandits was originally a manifestation of the gentry's hard work.After the restoration, whether the sins of "counter-revolution" before the revolution can be redeemed by supporting and cooperating with the performance of the revolution is related to whether the people of the gentry and business groups are safe, and whether the local situation can be calmed down. Furthermore, it is related to whether Jiangnan can become a revolutionary A solid rear to support the revolutionaries' plan for the Northern Expedition.Undoubtedly, Yuan Shikai in Beijing is very willing to see the revolutionaries in the south of the Yangtze River and the gentry and business groups continue to fight each other and kill each other. Although Wang Jinfa is known as a "reckless man", he is not really brave and foolhardy.He lured Zhang Jiemei to the magistrate's Yamen for arrest on the grounds of "need to discuss something important"—this also shows that Zhang Jiemei has confidence and does not think that Wang Jinfa will definitely kill him.Just when Wang Jinfa sent troops to seal off Zhang's house and collected all the files related to Zhang Jiemei and Qiu's case. When everyone thought that Zhang Jiemei's death was imminent, he finally let go of this great opportunity to avenge Qiu Jin. Huang Xing sent someone from Nanjing to intercede for Zhang Jiemei, which was just a signal showing how much pressure Wang Jinfa was under.During Wang Jinfa's administration, he executed more than fifty local tyrants and evil gentry in Yurou Township. Put pressure on, otherwise, how could Huang Xing, who is far away in Nanjing, be alarmed?If Wang Jinfa kills Zhang Jiemei, it will not only be against the gentry in Shaoxing, but it may also lead to a major internal strife between the Jiangsu and Zhejiang Revolutionary Party and the gentry and business groups.This is not alarmist talk. After the Jiangsu-Zhejiang coalition forces captured Nanjing, Guilin and his son, the leader of the Banner Camp, were accused of hiding arms and conspiring to rebel. The general headquarters ordered the execution of the two men.Tang Shouqian, governor of Zhejiang Province, because he did not agree to this matter, made a big fuss and tried to resign. Finally, there was a small mutiny. After the army returned to Zhejiang, Zhu Rui won the position of governor, and Zhejiang was also included in Yuan Shikai's forces after the Yuan Dynasty. scope. Although Zhang Jiemei narrowly escaped death like Yao Rongze, he suffered a lot.During the days awaiting trial, Zhang Jiemei was put on a paper hat and paraded through the streets. Wang Jinfa asked him to kneel at the entrance of the Guxuan Pavilion where Qiu Jin was martyred, with a barrel made of kerosene tank on his head. Sticks and small stones are placed for passers-by to knock and throw.In order to make atonement, Zhang Jiemei donated half of her family property (3,000 mu of land, currently 50,000 yuan) to the Shaoxing Military Government Branch.It is said that Zhang Jiemei’s daughter-in-law who lived in the country was raped by rebel soldiers after Wang Jinfa came. Those who hated him would say this was “retribution”, but one day the world will be turned upside down, and Zhang Jiemei will become Yuan Shikai’s senior adviser, and Wang Jinfa’s second revolution Failure, unemployment in Hangzhou, do you think Zhang Jiemei will retaliate? According to Qiu Jin's family, after the Second Revolution, the new Qiu Jin's tomb had not yet been built. Zhang Jiemei "sent a senior official from Beijing to Hangzhou to order that Qiu Jin's tomb be lowered by three feet, and the bronze statue be cancelled. The tombstone is not used"-the so-called "tombstone made by the three masters" refers to the "Epitaph" written by Xu Zihua when Qiu Jin's tomb was first built, written by Wu Zhiying, and engraved by Sun Juling, a famous Jinshi family in Hangzhou. When Wang Jinfa released Zhang Jiemei, Zhou Shuren, the principal of Shanhui Normal School, did not take it seriously.Zhou Shuren, like the school supervisor Fan Ainong, had a pure imagination of the post-revolutionary world. Zhou Shuren later satirized the strategic united front slogan "Salt and Reform" in his writings.They must have high hopes for their old classmate and friend Wang Jinfa to govern Shaoxing, believing that under his governance, Shaoxing can take on a new look and realize the revolutionary ideals of martyrs such as Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin. However, Wang Jinfa disappointed them quite a bit. Although he took some drastic measures, such as releasing prisoners, commemorating martyrs, and offering relief on a daily basis, etc., he compromised with gentry and businessmen (such as releasing Zhang Jiemei), appointed private individuals (especially fellow villagers in Shengxian County), Living extravagantly (using foreign oil tanks to carry silver dollars back to Shengxian County to pay off debts), these habits, of course, are very displeasing to idealists.Therefore, Lu Xun teased in it: "After he came in, he was surrounded by many idlers and new revolutionary parties, and he became the governor of the king. The people in the yamen came in civilian clothes, and they probably changed within ten days. Put on a leather robe, and the weather is still not cold." Just looking at such records, it seems that Wang Jinfa has become a first-class figure like Li Zicheng and Hong Xiuquan.In fact, at least Wang Jinfa wasn't too bad for his old friend.The first time we met in Shaoxing after the liberation, Fan Ainong looked at Wang Jinfa's bald head in a funny way, stepped forward to touch it unceremoniously, and said: "Blonde brother, let me be the governor!" Superintendent Wang Jinfa, whose official name is "Wang Yi", must have been a little embarrassed, but there was nothing he could do, and then he appointed Fan Ainong as the supervisor of the normal school.According to the recollection of his subordinates, during his stay in Shaoxing, Wang Jinfa maintained a style of "bullying the superiors but not arrogantly inferiors": "For the landlords and gentlemen in Shaoxing, when they found mistakes, they severely criticized them and showed no mercy. They always smiled at the common people. His attitude is very kind. That's why many Shaoxing people called him 'Brother Blonde' when they saw him." In an army of more than 10,000 people, troubles rarely happened to the people. Even a company commander under him knew that "our Everything we did was carried out in the name of revolution. We are very disgusted with the miasma of the old gentlemen in Shaoxing, and we all regard them as the objects of revolution.” (Long Gong "In Wang Jinfa's Army") However, Wang Jinfa has neither the strength nor the intention to change the social structure of Shaoxing.He came to Shaoxing mainly to take advantage of Shaoxing's wealth of tinfoil and old wine to train his army for the Northern Expedition.This plan was deeply appreciated by Sun Yat-sen, who called Wang "a hero in the southeast".The problem is that military training requires money, and Wang Jinfa does not force the common people, but only chases after the gentry and merchants, and even collects the next year's land tax in advance, which makes Shaoxing's rich gentry call him "the worst government ever, and an unreasonable governor".Wang Jinfa hated the gentry and refused to send troops to suppress the rent-resisting tenant farmers, but he did not prevent the landlords from going to the countryside to forcefully collect the land rent. Of course, the farmers were not satisfied with the governor.Moreover, his new policies such as daily sales and relief can't be implemented until the notice is issued. The folk song sings: "Compatriots, compatriots, when will we have enough? There are too many notices from the governor, and life will be difficult!" Another folk song scolded Wang Jinfa and The subordinates "eat the oil and wear the silk, and sooner or later they will be beheaded!" They criticize each other, and the name of "Blonde Fu Shao" spreads all over the south of the Yangtze River. Only Sun Yat-sen from Nanjing was well aware of Wang Jinfa's difficulties, so he specially called Hangzhou to "discriminate false accusations" for Wang Jinfa and his subordinates, and demanded to ask "Sun Jie, a citizen of Shaoxing, etc." To cover up and avenge unjust accusations."After resigning from the post of interim president, Sun Yat-sen also asked Huang Xing to appoint Wang Jinfa as the advisor of Nanjing Left-behind Mansion. Don't be punished."Shao Lizi told Wang Jinfa that this was Zhang Juzheng's words to encourage his subordinates. Zhang's subordinates are also capable, but the public opinion is not in harmony. Zhang Juzheng thought it would be better to mobilize them. Mr. Zhongshan is using this words to encourage you. Wang Jinfa ruled Shao in August and was forced to leave. He refused to take advantage of his successor, and he was still thinking about the Northern Expedition. He took away all the military expenses he got while in office. After checking, he found that there were more than 400,000 yuan left.He didn't think of it himself.This also explains from the side where the reputation of "Fu Shao" comes from.After Wang Jinfa left, the power of the Zhejiang Revolutionary Party gradually diminished. Wang Jinfa died on June 2, 1915 at the age of 33.It will be eight years before his beloved Qiu Jin dies.During these eight years, Qiu Jin’s tomb was relocated six times, from the outskirts of Shaoxing to outside the city gate, and then to the side of the Xiling Bridge in the West Lake. It was destroyed, and then moved back to Yanjiatan, Shaoxing. In 1909, it was moved to Xiangtan, Hunan to be buried with her husband. , Changsha moved to Yuelu Mountain after recovery, and moved back to Hangzhou Xiling Bridge in 1913. Interestingly, Zhu Rui, the governor of Zhejiang Province, lowered the specifications of the autumn tomb according to Zhang Jiemei's request, but "pretentiously wrote an article about it, carved a stele, and stood it in front of the tomb".Before Wang Jinfa was shot, he lived in Hangzhou for a month. Zhu Rui sent people to accompany him, drinking to the West Lake every day, and seeing Ms. Qiu Jin's grave from time to time.This was probably the greatest consolation in his dying years.