Chapter 8 Hunan head

The veteran of the Kuomintang was in charge. After the Wuchang Incident, he was in charge of external liaison in the Hubei military government. The most important thing was to urge the provinces to respond, and the most important thing was naturally Hunan, which is the rear of Hubei.Every night, he went to the telegraph office for inquiries. On the evening of October 22, Ju Zheng just walked into the telegraph office, and the telegrapher told him: something happened in Hunan!Juzheng's heart rose to his throat, and he immediately ordered to listen carefully and talk to the Changsha Telegraph Bureau.

Not long after, Changsha telegraphed: The revolutionary army has entered the city.Juzheng was ecstatic and rushed to the governor's mansion.Li Yuanhong was also greatly moved when he heard about it, and the entire Governor's Mansion was full of joy. Not long after, the official telegram reporting the recovery of Changsha arrived, signed by Jiao Dafeng.When Li Yuanhong read the telegram, it mentioned killing Huang Zhonghao, and Li Dudu's face suddenly darkened—Huang Zhonghao once led troops in Hubei and had a friendship with Li Yuanhong. After a pause, Li asked again: Who is Jiao Dafeng?Ju Zheng said: It is the revolutionary party.So Li Bodhisattva was silent, and after a long time, he ordered Juzheng to call back to congratulate Changsha on its recovery. ("Meichuan Diary")

Li Yuanhong, who was far away in Wuchang, was in such a complicated mood, the disappointment and sadness of the gentry in Changsha city can be imagined. Jiao Dafeng returned to Hunan from Hubei to start the revolution.Chen Zuoxin has been calling for the new army to revolt in the local area. During the rice rush in 1910, Chen Zuoxin was working as a platoon leader in the 25th Mixed Association of the New Army. He urged the new army to lead Chen Qiang to take the opportunity to revolt. Dismissed and expelled from the new army.The Hunan Branch of the Central League, headed by Jiao and Chen, had a great influence on the Hunan New Army.

The recovery of various places in the year of 1911 was carried out using the model of "union of military and gentry".The Hunan gentry tried to persuade Huang Zhonghao to turn around, and at the same time sent representatives to contact the new army through Jiao Dafeng. After October 14th, preparations for the uprising began to take shape. The representatives of the gentry, Huang Kai, and others requested to meet with Jiao Dafeng and representatives of the New Army for a meeting.Huang Yu and others went to the second floor of the teahouse first, and waited by the window, "Seeing that there is a mandarin jacket with sky blue flowers, elegant, and shoulders, it is Jiao Dafeng; the next time Chen Zuoxin came; and the next time the representatives came one after another, wearing short robes. , neither fish nor fowl, as many as forty people."

This perception is very representative.Although Jiao Dafeng is a little-known figure in the eyes of the Hunan gentry, after all, he was born in a wealthy family. "Four-character comment.Since Chen Zuoxin and below, it can only be regarded as "nondescript". But in the ensuing meeting, Jiao Dafeng disappointed representatives of the Hunan gentry.Before, they had always heard that Jiao Dafeng had a powerful party in Liuyang, his hometown, and could take Changsha directly, so they wanted to know the reality face to face. They asked: How many soldiers and horses can we get to Liuyang?Jiao replied: At least 20,000 people.

Ask again: How much artillery fire did you bring?Jiao replied; there was no artillery fire. No artillery fire? ! Jiao Dafeng didn't care about the gentlemen's worries: "Yes, there is no artillery fire. In today's situation, only ten foreign oil barrels and ten thousand whips (firecrackers) are needed to capture the governor's office." Liuyang fireworks are indeed famous far and near. , but Jiao Dafeng's words sounded too much like a joke.Is this boy who is only twenty-four years old and has never had a national reputation before, really reliable? Jiao Dafeng exposed his arrogance, and in front of a group of gentry, he talked about the principles of platooning the Xinghan and the purpose of the Tongmenghui.

In the middle of the night of October 18, Chen Zuoxin convened the second meeting of all parties in the woods outside Xiaowu Gate.It was at this meeting that the gentry expressed their hope to support Huang Zhonghao as the governor of Hunan, but the representatives of the patrol team pointed out that if Huang Zhonghao was not killed, neither the new army nor the patrol team would participate in the uprising. October 20th was the day originally scheduled for the incident, but the governor's yamen also knew the inside story and controlled it extremely strictly. No combustibles could be found, but was discovered by patrols.People everywhere had to give up.

On this day, rumors were everywhere in Changsha. There were many policemen on the streets, and pedestrians were required to be checked.The biggest rumor is that the governor's yamen has set up cannons and will bombard the barracks of the new army. Many people among the gentry lost all confidence at this time.Among them was a representative of the education sector, Wu Zuolin, president of the Hunan Sports Association.When he thought of the fact that the revolutionaries were bare-handed and the new army had no bullets, once the governor's office fired artillery, wouldn't Changsha be smashed to pieces?He was so anxious that he couldn't sleep all night. After thinking about it, he felt that it was better to invite Tan Yankai, the chairman of the Advisory Council, to come out and preside over the overall situation.

In the early morning of October 21, Wu Zuolin rashly ran to the Advisory Council and asked to see Tan Yankai.At this time, room No. 1 of the Consultative Council had just woken up, so how could anyone come to work?Wu Zuolin couldn't help being furious, thinking that when these members of parliament are still sleeping at home, don't they know that Changsha City is about to be destroyed?The more he thought about it, the angrier he became, and he scolded the street at the gate of the Advisory Bureau: "I am a revolutionary. I have never been afraid of death. My surname is Wu and my name is Lin. Who doesn't know who doesn't know? I have more than 2,000 people under my command, stationed in hotels and shops all over the city. In addition to each having a knife, You can also make bombs, as long as you prepare a box of matches, and in the future revolution, each match will be lit, and Changsha will be burnt to the ground! Your speakers and councilors, who are known as representatives of the people, have died to the brows. At this time What do you want to do if you haven't arrived at the office yet!"

He scolded the room number so much that he was at a loss, and he couldn't notify the speaker. The nearby residents stepped forward to watch, thinking he was a lunatic.Wu Zuolin scolded for a while, but no one paid any attention, so he had to go home by himself. This incident, in the later revolutionary narrative, was interpreted as the Constitutionalists deliberately sabotaging the revolution, which fully reflected the weakness and compromise of the bourgeoisie. In any case, the cursing intensified the spread of rumors.In the morning of that day, the rumors became more intense. Some said that the Manchu officials in Changsha had fled, and others said that the cannons in the governor's yamen would be fired today.There was a run on the Changsha official money bureau immediately, and the inspection team of the patrol battalion sent more people to patrol the streets.

Jiao Dafeng thinks that the incident has been leaked (in fact, it has been leaked a long time ago). Since the original plan has not been implemented, a large number of leaders of the Liuyang Hongjiang Society he made an appointment will not arrive in Changsha City until the 23rd, so it will be postponed to October 25th. Bar. Contrary to everyone's expectations, in the early morning of October 22, the Xinjun in Hunan, like the Xinjun brothers in Wuchang, felt that they would die anyway if they waited, so it was better to give it a go.Each of them only got two bullets, rushed into the city in one go, and actually recovered Changsha. Hearing the news that the new army had entered the city, Jiao Dafeng led Chen Zuoxin and other members of the League, and rushed into the consultation bureau.In the narration of the Constitutionalists, because the time was too early and there was no advance notice, no one attended the meeting of military, business, academic and gentry circles that was scheduled to be held after the liberation.In the huge consultation bureau, there are only more than 20 members of the Hunan Branch of the Tongmenghui.Jiao Dafeng opened his mouth and said: "I was sent by Sun Wen, and Sun Wen entrusted me with the affairs of Hunan." So the members of the alliance discussed that Jiao Dafeng was the first and longest in the revolution in Hunan, so he should be the governor; .The plan was decided, and the red paper was written and pasted on the wall of the Consultation Bureau, then Jiao Dafeng put on the uniform of the Qing Army Association and began to execute official duties. The reasons why the revolutionaries elected the governor can also be justified.But don't forget that the power of the Hunan gentry has long been in the hearts of the people.As soon as Jiao Dafeng's signed statement was posted on the street, all the citizens of Changsha were as surprised as Li Yuanhong was.The gentlemen who arrived later were even more furious. The gentleman’s representative, Chang Zhi, shouted in front of the revolutionaries: “This governor is temporary!” , Even in the new army just now anyway, rumors of mutiny spread. Tan Yankai quelled the controversy.He said: At present, only one or two provinces have raised righteousness, and the militia has just sprouted. "This is not the time to fight for the governor."Having said this, the Constitutional Party will stop making trouble.However, the seeds of evil have been planted and will always come out. On October 28, the seventh day after Changsha was liberated, Dai Fengxiang, an officer of the Mabiao Team of the Ninth Town of the New Army, received an invitation from Mei Xin, commander of the 50th Battalion, and Yu Qinyi, who had just been transferred from Yiyang to Changsha. , invited him to have dinner at Xu Changxing Restaurant at 5:00 p.m. the next day. Dai Fengxiang went to the place the next afternoon to have a look. There were eight or nine people present. Except Dai Fengxiang himself, who graduated from the Baoding Army Military Academy, the rest were all cadets studying in Japan. Groups, students from the mainland can’t afford it. Dai Fengxiang’s presence here is probably related to his position in Ma Biao—all the people present are battalion commanders and above, but there are no officers from Ma Biao. During the banquet, the situation in Changsha after the liberation was naturally mentioned. Some people scolded Jiao Dafeng and Chen Zuoxin for using people and money abusively. What to do, he said "I can write", Jiao Dafeng said, "You go to be a secretary!" The young man went out and saw a large bundle of blank tapes on the table, so he took one and wrote "Third Class" by himself. "Secretary", hanging on his body, ostentatiously passing through the market, but soon he found that other people's belts were written with "first-class clerk" and "second-class clerk", and he couldn't help but regret that he was too timid. Another person said that Wu Lianbin, a native of Xiangxiang, had launched a party in his hometown. At this time, he went to Jiaojiao and Chen in the governor's mansion and said: "I have made great achievements this time! I want to recruit a bidder." Jiao Dafeng did not dare to follow He countered the price and gave him a white tape with "a certain standard standard" written on it, and gave him another 20,000 yuan.Who knew that Wu Lianbin ran to collect the money again the next day.The quartermaster had no choice but to say: "Biaotong, you just received tens of thousands of yuan yesterday, and you came here again today, and you need to have a detailed account." What a small account!" There are more other jokes.Any soldier, whether you are a new army, a patrol battalion or a member of the party, as long as you participated in the restoration of Changsha, you can go to the governor's mansion and talk, and you will immediately get a white belt of company commander and platoon leader.With the white belt, everyone felt that they were officers. They went to the barren store in Fanchengdi to buy a command knife, and snapped up the stock of the barren store.Now the streets are full of command knives, clanging. Three years later, Changsha "Gongyan" magazine published a novel called "Tanzhou Dream". They turned into an inspector, and then blackmailed them everywhere in the name of smoking ban.The novel writes that people of all kinds were mixed in the provincial capital at that time, "Whether they are revolutionaries or bandits, this definition is hard to say." It is also recorded in "Xin Ren Chun Qiu" published in 1924: These quack styles are exactly in line with the first impressions of gentlemen like Huang Kai and Jiao Dafeng that they were "nondescript".As a result, Changsha citizens have a worse impression of the Revolutionary Party than the Constitutionalists in the Consultative Bureau. (Of course, no one would have thought at that time that Jiao Dafeng ordered a large-scale recruitment. Among the recruited privates, Mao Runzhi, with a monthly allowance of 7 yuan, would explain the news and truths in the newspaper to other soldiers every day, and was praised by his colleagues. Called "report addiction".) The gentlemen's biggest dissatisfaction with Jiao Dafeng's employment is that he appointed Feng Lianzhi as the commander of the South Road.Feng was the leader of the Hongjiang Association. He was arrested in 1906 when he participated in the Liuli riot. He was imprisoned for three years.From the point of view of the Tongmenghui, Feng Lian has always been a hero committed to the revolution, but in the eyes of the gentry group, he is just a "thief".Tan Yankai took the distress telegram to accuse Jiao Dafeng, but Jiao Dafeng did not admit these allegations at all.Then there were rumors that Dudu Jiao was also a member of Feng Lianzhi's group, whose real name was "Jiang Danzhai", who came to Changsha to seize power pretending to be a revolutionary. The more the officers talked, the more excited they became. They all said that Hunan would be ruined by Jiao and Chen if it continued like this, so they had to find a way.Mei Xin blurted out: "If you kill this bastard, you'll be fine!" It is said that after Mei Xin arrived in Changsha, she went to see Jiao Dafeng and asked to be promoted to brigade commander, but was rejected. Dai Fengxiang did not agree to do this. He said: Jiao and Chen just don’t have enough prestige. The officers objected), at that time when they were promoted as governors, some people said that they were temporary, a "rotten bamboo hat" (temporarily worn when it rained), and now they are not doing well, just tell them to go, there is no need to kill people. Before she finished speaking, Mei Xin slapped the table: "You are such a kind woman, if you tell him to go, you will leave a trouble for the future, and troubles will arise in the future!" The people next to him also said, "It would be easier to kill." Dai Fengxiang knew that he could not undo this decision, so he secretly planned to write a letter to Jiao and Chen to persuade them to leave.After Chen Zuoxin was expelled from the New Army, he taught at the Luohanzhuang Physical Education School for a year. Dai Fengxiang happened to be studying there, and he should do his best for the friendship between teachers and students. After breakfast on October 30, Dai Fengxiang ran to Dudu's Mansion. Chen Zuoxin had already gone out. He asked when he would be back, and replied "I don't know." Those who ask for money, those who do business, those who sue for grievances, are very noisy.Dai Fengxiang couldn't squeeze in at all, so he could only sigh, knowing that there was no way out. Mei Xin and others dared to plan to kill Jiao and Chen, the second governor, because on the 28th when Dai Fengxiang received the invitation, the second and fourth battalions of the Hunan First Independent Association set off to aid Hubei, and almost all the soldiers from the New Army Tongmenghui were included.Among the 50 bids to be defended, many of them were supporters and sympathizers of Huang Zhonghao whose head was still hanging on the tower. On October 31, Jiao Dafeng convened a meeting of military, political, business and academic circles in the Consultation Bureau, and announced the "Organization Law of the Governor's Mansion".Tan Yankai resigned from the Senate and the Ministry of Military and Political Affairs, and left in a huff. On October 22, Jiao Dafeng became the governor. Although the gentlemen had no open disputes, on October 23, they established the Senate on the basis of the Consultative Council, with Tan Yankai as the president.The purpose of the Senate is to "imitate the spirit of the British constitution and prevent the disadvantages of dictatorship." The central rule is the order of the military governor, such as recruiting soldiers, paying salaries, appointing and dismissing officials and generals, and must be "approved and stamped" by the Senate to take effect. This move, of course, greatly dissatisfied the members of the alliance.From Sun Wen down, the Tongmenghui advocated the centralization of power by the leaders. How could it allow the British-style House of Representatives to intervene?Tan Renfeng, who had just returned from Shanghai, was worried about the heavy power of the gentry in Hunan. Seeing this situation, he couldn't help shouting: "The Senate wants to seize the power of the governor, no, no! They are acting recklessly, and the Senate should be abolished first." It is advocated that not only the Senate should be abolished, but also that the Senate and its incumbents should be "killed in a big way." They proposed a list with twenty or thirty people on it, and they asked Jiao Dafeng to do it immediately. Jiao Dafeng is a man with a very quack air and impulsive blood, but his ears are quite soft.Before 1911, he quarreled with Tan Renfeng because he advocated the use of a party in Hunan to launch a revolution; after Changsha was restored, he proposed to kill all Manchus and confiscate Manchu assets for the needs of the revolution. Some people in Guangfu proposed to withdraw huge sums of money from the treasury or the bank to reward meritorious officials. Jiao Dafeng firmly disagreed at the beginning. Now someone proposes to kill the staff of the Senate, Jiao Dafeng was very angry at the beginning, and intended to carry it out.After being persuaded by people, they said, "Our generation's revolution must recruit talents and plan together. The people listed on this list are all well-known people in Hunan. If they are killed, how can they win people's hearts?"Jiao Dafeng also felt reasonable and gave up the plan. Although killing is not necessary, counterattack is necessary.Under the chairmanship of Tan Renfeng, the military government passed the "Organization Law of the Governor's Mansion", which put the military, administration, financial management, and justice under the control of the governor.It goes without saying that this bill is almost forcing a showdown among the Constitutionalists. Comeback or retirement, opportunities have been missed.Death is approaching the Dudu Mansion. On the morning of October 31, Tan Yankai was forced to leave. The Tongmenghui believed that it had won on its side, and surrounded Jiao and Chen back to the governor's office to discuss the second batch of troops to assist Hubei. Suddenly someone came to report that there was a run on Hefeng Match Company outside the North Gate of Changsha, and asked the Governor's Mansion to suppress it.When Chen Zuo heard the news, he immediately rode out of the mansion alone and headed for the north gate. Not long after Chen Zuoxin left, the gate of the Governor's Mansion was pushed open with a bang, and a group of soldiers rushed in, shouting: Pay!pay!Meet the governor!Meet the governor! They rushed all the way in.The defense of the Dudu Mansion was not so lax at the beginning, and someone suggested to Jiao Dafeng: In the early days of the revolution, it is better to maintain close contact with comrades from all sides, and not to be heavily guarded to block the way of speech.Jiao Dafeng also followed this suggestion. Zeng Jie, a member of the alliance, rushed into the office suddenly: "Captain! Governor Chen is lying in the middle of the north gate, and has been martyred! You should avoid it!" According to the "Biography of Jiao Dafeng" later written by the Kuomintang, Dudu Jiao behaved very bravely. He said with awe-inspiring righteousness: "Where to avoid? I am for the racial revolution. Anyone who adheres to my race, regardless of whether he was a bureaucrat, Even if you are a gentleman, I can tolerate it. Now the gentry directors of the Consultative Council have incited Huang Zhonghao's remnants to rebel. They have already killed the deputy governor, and they are going to kill me again. I regret not using Tan Shiping's (Tan Renfeng) words, and get rid of them first. They! Today’s troubles, I will bear them all, don’t let them harm the people of Hunan, and the revolution will finally succeed!” As he spoke, he walked towards the lobby, and gunshots rang out from the signing rooms on both sides, and Jiao Dafeng fell under the stone lions facing the wall. Dead, still staring at the flag of the Republic of China in front of the lobby (should be the Iron Blood Eighteen-Star Flag). At this moment, it is only ten days before the liberation of Changsha. Chen Zuoxin's head was chopped off and hung in the street for public display.That night, someone saw Tan Yankai "wearing a blue cloth gown, with a pale complexion, and being carried into the Governor's Mansion through the back door with a wicker chair in a state of panic".Tan Yankai repeatedly stated that he did not want to be the governor, but Mei Xin and others sent soldiers to various places in Changsha City, holding high wooden signs reading "Jiao Chen, the chief and deputy governor, and Tan Yankai as the governor of Hunan", and posted notices, declaring that "all The governor has an important task, and Tan Shen has set up An Shiwei. Residents should not panic, and public Tuwei as usual." Did Mei Xin and the others get Tan Yankai's orders for their actions?All parties are arguing.Tan Renfeng believes that even if Tan Yankai didn't know it beforehand, he did not punish the murderer after he became the governor, but instead promoted Mei Xin to the second coordinator, which is no different from a murderer.Zhang Taiyan even told a story in his "Jiao Dafeng Biography": More than ten years later, Mei Xin resigned and lived in Shanghai, suffering from breast cancer and dying.A friend asked him: Did Duke Jiao come to ask for his life?Mei Xin sighed bitterly: At that time, I was always a dog's ear! It is impossible to test whether Tan Yankai knew about it beforehand, but after he half pushed and half pushed to take over as the governor, he really pushed the boat along the way and eliminated the forces of the Tongmenghui in the whole province. On November 3, Yang Ren, Jiao Dafeng's comrade-in-arms, held a memorial service for the two governors Jiao and Chen in the test shed in Changde.The memorial service lasted until the afternoon, when Chen Binsheng, the commander of the local patrol battalion, rushed over with his army, arrested and killed Yang Ren and others.After these officers and soldiers killed everyone, another memorial service was held at the original site immediately, and Yang Ren and others were sacrificed, followed by the execution of dozens of alliance members. This time, hanging high in the mourning hall is a photo of Huang Zhonghao, the former commander of the patrol battalion. The cycle of murder is complete.The gentry group failed to keep Huang Zhonghao's head, and likewise, the Tongmenghui couldn't keep Jiao Dafeng, Chen Zuoxin, and Yang Ren's heads either.The conflict between the gentleman and the party was presented in an extremely tragic form in Hunan. Reminiscent of Lu Xun's tongue-twister-like miscellaneous feelings: "Revolutionary, counter-revolutionary, non-revolutionary. The revolutionary was killed by the counter-revolutionary. The counter-revolutionary was killed by the revolutionary. The non-revolutionary was killed by the counter-revolutionary as a revolutionary, or Killed by revolutionaries as counter-revolutionaries, or killed by revolutionaries or counter-revolutionaries for not doing anything. Revolution, revolution, revolution, revolution..."