Chapter 11 Chapter 10 Even if there is no "rebellion", there is also a capital crime

The strongest and most concentrated reflection is on Deng Ai, the famous general of Cao Wei in the late Three Kingdoms period.Deng Ai (197-264), courtesy name Shizai, was born in Jiyang County, Yiyang County (now northeast of Xinye, Henan Province). He was born in a poor and humble family.After joining the army, due to stuttering, he could not be a deputy, so he became a rice field guard.Because of his meritorious service in opening canals, accumulating grain, writing treatises, and advising on the fields in Huainan, he was appreciated by Sima Yi, and he was gradually promoted to be the prefect and participated in military operations.Among the repeated military campaigns against Jiang Wei of the Shu Han and Zhuge Ke of the Eastern Wu, Deng Ai was both wise and brave, and made outstanding achievements.By the fourth year of Jingyuan (263), he had been granted the title of Marquis Deng and served as General Zhengxi.At that time, the general Sima Zhao, who was already good at the military and political power of Cao Wei, arranged for the third route army to attack Shu, and ordered Deng Ai to lead 30,000 troops to attack Jiang Wei from Gansong and Tazhong.According to Sima Zhao's original intention, he wanted to give his confidant Zhong Hui the great achievement of destroying Shu, so Zhong Hui commanded 100,000 troops and mainly attacked Hanzhong, while Deng Ai's troops and Zhugexu's troops on the other road were just flanking cooperation.But Zhong Hui couldn't attack Jiange (now northeast of Jiange, Sichuan) for a long time, and food and grass were in short supply, so he planned to retreat one step at a time.However, Deng Ai advocated seizing the weak links of the Shu Han army, taking advantage of Jiange and Fucheng (today's east of Mianyang, Sichuan) to take care of both.Zhuge Xu refused to coordinate the battle, so Deng Ai, who was 66 years old at the time, resolutely marched alone, took the lead, overcame difficulties and dangers, and rushed for more than 700 miles to Jiangyou, forcing the guard Ma Miao to surrender.He also attacked Mianzhu, which Zhuge Zhan, the son of Zhuge Liang, refused to defend, fought hard and broke it, took advantage of the victory and marched into Luocheng (now Guanghanbei, Sichuan), so Chengdu was in sight.In November of that year, the desperate Empress Liu Chan sent an envoy to Feng Xi, "Please surrender to Ai."Deng Ai's soldiers entered Chengdu without bloodshed. Liu Chan led more than 60 princes, kings and officials to bind their hands, carry coffins, and surrender outside the gate of Deng Ai's military camp.

Deng Ai untied the rope for them, burned the coffin, expressed his acceptance of surrender and forgive them.Taking this as a sign, Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang and others worked hard to start a business, and the 43-year-old Shu Han regime officially declared its demise, and Deng Ai contributed the most.In December of the same year, the imperial court issued an imperial edict to praise him, "Soldiers will not exceed the time limit, and the war will not last forever. In the country, the beauty of merit is not as good as that of honor."He was added the title of Taiwei, and the city was increased by 20,000 households. The two sons were granted the title of Tinghou, and each had a thousand households in the city.

How many times have I thought that the day when the power is so high is the time when the power is so high.Out of public loyalty, Deng Ai suggested that Sima Zhao "take advantage of Wu because of the momentum of flattening Shu", and leave 20,000 soldiers from Longyou and 20,000 soldiers from Shu to him, so as to make preparations to attack Wu along the river; Tell the interests and interests", force Wu to "naturalize", and strive for "decision without a fight".It is also suggested not to send Liu Chan to Luoyang, the capital of the Wei Dynasty, for the time being, so as not to leave people with the impression of "migrating". And from".He still doesn't understand how to deal with such important military and state affairs, we must follow the unspoken rules of "the master first and the minister second" and "advocate the harmony between the ministers" (summarized privately by Lin Biao, a close friend). Already advocated, the master has advocated and the ministers are at odds, inadvertently showing superiority to the master.Although the two suggestions were good, they preempted Sima Zhao, who was suspicious of him, and appointed the superintendent Wei Guanxiao to Yu Deng Ai: "It is necessary to report the matter, and it is not appropriate to do it." It is a pity that Deng Ai Ai was still ignorant, and instead of pleading guilty to Sima Zhao's mistake immediately, he even wrote a letter to argue, citing the meaning of "Spring and Autumn" that "if a doctor goes out of the border, he can secure the country and benefit the country. Fame, you can't escape crime", "finally don't feel guilty about harming the country".Zhong Hui, Hu Lie, Shi Zuan and other treacherous people immediately took advantage of the organization to frame Deng Ai, falsely accusing Deng Ai of "rebellion, turning into a provocation to end it"; Sima Zhao also immediately issued an order, ordering the supervisor Wei Guan to arrest Deng Ai, and the prisoner returned to prison. .In the first month of the following year (264), Zhong Hui and Jiang Weizhen conspired to rebel and were killed by the rebels.Deng Ai's subordinates chased the prison cart and wanted to welcome Deng Ai back to Chengdu. Wei Guan immediately sent Tian Xu to chase and kill Deng Ai; Deng Ai's son Deng Zhong was killed with him in the west of Mianzhu.Poor General Deng, who reined in his sword and made the most meritorious service, was so charged with "rebellion" that his soul has nowhere to go.

In the second year after Deng Ai's death (265), Sima Yan, the son of Sima Zhao, officially replaced the Cao Wei regime and established the Western Jin Dynasty, Jianyuan Taishi.For this reason, the world is amnesty, and the edict still says: "Deng Ai, the general who conquered the west, lost his integrity and deserved to be punished." It's just that "on the day he was written, he dismissed the people and suffered the crime with his hands tied." It is allowed to "make the sacrifices continue after standing up".In the third year of Taishi (267), Yilang Duan Zhuo took the initiative to defend Deng Ai, and he clearly believed that Deng Ai "has the name of loyalty and rebellion, pacified Bashu and was punished by the barbarians", which is really a big deal. unjust case.He emphasized that Deng Ai's "fame has been (already) achieved, and it should be the bamboo silk of the book, passed on to the world, seventy husbands, what do you want?"He was "loyal but punished, believer and suspicious, his head was hung on the horse, and all the sons were beheaded. Those who saw it wept, and those who heard it sighed."Therefore, he suggested that the Western Jin Dynasty "should collect the corpses, return their fields and houses, and confer their grandsons with the merits of Pingshu, so that the posthumous posthumous coffin will be closed, and there will be no regrets after death."However, the number one murderer of Deng Ai was Sima Yan's father, Sima Zhao. How could his son deny Lao Tzu?Feudal autocratic emperors practiced the "rule of iron and blood" heart-passed classics. It has always been that no matter what kind of hero or hero you are, you are nothing more than using "tools". What do you do with your lonely home?Duan Zhuo's Shangshu said it was nothing, but Sima Yan still ignored it.After another six years, he issued an edict under false pretenses: "Ai has made meritorious deeds, and he will not escape punishment if he suffers. However, his descendants are slaves of the people, and I always respect him. He regards his grandson as a doctor." He reluctantly admitted his meritorious service. The charge of "rebellion" is still on Deng Ai's head, and only justice exists in the hearts of the people.

Among the emperors of the Three Kingdoms, Sun Quan was the only one who occasionally felt a little remorse for killing the wrong person or punishing the wrong person.In his later years, he was similar to Cao Cao, jealous and bloodthirsty, and practiced spy rule inside and outside the court.Lv Yi, the head of the secret service, took charge of the Dian school, and under his connivance, he framed many Zhongliang, and Zuo General Zhu Ju was one of the victims.Zhu Ju was a humble person who received scholars, he was light on money and generous in giving, although the rewards were rich, they were often not enough.Once, Zhu Jubu was supposed to receive 30,000 yuan, but was swindled by Wang Sui.Lu Yi suspected that Zhu Ju himself had actually taken it, so he tortured the person concerned and beat him to death. Zhu Ju pitied the innocent deceased and buried him in a thick coffin.Based on this, Lv Yi falsely accused Zhu Shi, saying that he buried him richly to keep his mouth shut and to cover up the fact that he had received the money.Sun Quan trusted Lv Yi and questioned Zhu Ju many times, which made Zhu Ju unable to argue with his words, "treating the crime with excuses".A few months later, Liu Zhu, a military official, found out that Wang Sui had taken it, and he reported the truth to Sun Quan. Sun Quan then realized: "Zhu Ju is in vain, how about officials and people?" But in the ninth year of Chiwu (246), he had already been promoted Hussar General Zhu Ju was involved in the Second Palace Controversy, supported the Crown Prince, violated Sun Quan's will, and was relegated to Xindu Juncheng, which was similar to being demoted from the chief officer of the third headquarters of the current army to the county-level sesame official.Moreover, before he took office, the death edict came after him. Zhu Ju died at the age of 50.

It was also for the establishment of a prince. Not only did the prince Fu Wucan "go to prison and die", but even Lu Xun, the first minister of Soochow, who was the prime minister and the top general at the time, was "rebuked" by eunuchs sent by Sun Quan many times. Lu Xun died of "anger" at the age of 63. (For details, see "Birth is like Sun Zhongmou") In the first year of Taiyuan (251), Sun Quan, who was dying, said to Lu Kang, Lu Xun's son: "I have heard slanderous words, and I am not honest with your father, so I owe you." Compared with other emperors and kings, Sun Quan can make such a little self-criticism, which is commendable.But a person is dead, is such a little self-criticism worth the value of life?Instead of pursuing the hypocrisy of "employing people like tools" and the cruelty of "the law of iron and blood", but relying on the emperor's little bit of relief and confession, he is easily grateful and whitewashed and forgotten. Can he be worthy of so many wronged people?If the autocratic system is not abandoned, how can the value of talents be truly respected and fully utilized?