Chapter 8 Chapter 7 During the talk and laughing, the strong captives were wiped out

During the Three Kingdoms period, the heroes were full of strength and talents came forth in large numbers, and the most outstanding talent relay came from Soochow.Zhou Yu, Lu Su, Lu Meng, Lu Xun, the four great talents all have both morality and ability, as well as both civil and martial arts. They stand proudly among the three kingdoms for Soochow, and they look at Cao and Liu and show their elegance. Lu Xun is especially outstanding. Among the emperors and generals of the Three Kingdoms, he is the first person in the comprehensive evaluation of virtue, talent, ability, and performance.And when talents are in short supply, that is to say, when the national fortune of Eastern Wu declines, the Wei and Shu of Fang are all like this.

Whether it was destiny or a historical coincidence, Soochow participated in the "Three Great Battles" of the Three Kingdoms period twice, and fire attacks were used in both decisive victories.The previous time in 208 A.D., Zhou Yu served as the commander-in-chief of the Wu army and burned Cao's warships in the Battle of Chibi.In July of the fifth year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1082), the famous writer Su Shi wrote a poem "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia", praising Zhou Yu to the fullest.In particular, Xiayu wrote: "Looking back at the time when Gongjin was married, Xiao Qiao was married for the first time, and she was majestic and heroic. Feather fans and scarves, chatting and laughing, the strong captives were wiped out." More than 800 years ago, he calmly directed the fire of Chibi and wiped out the strong captives. Zhou Yu's image suddenly seemed to be in the present, and he only felt heroic.The last time, in 222 A.D., Lu Xun served as the commander-in-chief of the Wu army and burned the Shu army company camp in the Battle of Yiling.Although later generations did not write any strong poems and songs comparable to Su Ci to praise him and his deeds, the transfer of "while talking and laughing, the strong captives are wiped out in ashes" is obviously applicable to Lu Xun as well.There was Zhou Yu in the front, Lu Xun in the back, and Lu Su and Lu Meng in the middle. They were all young and elegant commanders Sun Quan relied on.Cao Cao's Zhang Liao and Xu Huang, Liu Bei's Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, although they are brave, their overall quality is not as good.When Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor, he once summed up his way of building meritorious deeds, which lies in "using all strength" and "using all wisdom", saying that "if you can use all your strength, you will be invincible in the world; A saint."The "power of all" and "wisdom of all" he used certainly included civil servants Zhang Zhao, Gu Yong, Zhuge Jin, Bu Zhi, military generals Cheng Pu, Huang Gai, Han Dang, Jiang Qin, etc., but mainly Zhou and Lu , Lu and Lu are four talents.

Zhou Yu (175-210), courtesy name Gongjin, was born in Shu County, Lujiang (now southwest of Lujiang County, Anhui). He was the same age as Sun Ce and one month younger.In the second year of Xingping (195), he led troops to welcome Sun Ce, and Sun Ce said with great joy: "I have a Qing, and I am harmonious." Following the attack on the territory of Liu Yao, the governor of Yangzhou, he broke through Hengjiang, Dangli (both in the east of Hexian County, Anhui today), Hushu and Jiangcheng (both in today's Jurong North, Jiangsu) entered Qu'a (now Danyang, Jiangsu) and assisted Sun Ce's tribe to grow to tens of thousands. Sun Ce asked him to "return the town of Danyang (now Xuancheng, Anhui)".Yuan Shu "wanted to use Yu as a general", and Zhou Yu saw that Yuan Shu "had no success in the end, so he asked to be the head of Juchao (now Tongcheng, Anhui)" so that he could "return to the east in a fake painting".In Juchao, he got acquainted with Lu Su (172-217), a native of Linhuai Dongcheng (now Dingyuan, Anhui).Lu Su's character is Zijing, his appearance is very strange, he rarely has strong integrity, and he likes to use strange tricks to relieve the poor and make friends.Zhou Yu asked him to help with military funds. His family had two warehouses of grain, each of which was 30,000 hu, and he immediately donated one warehouse of rice, and the two became close friends.In the third year of Jian'an (198), Zhou Yu returned to Sun Ce, and Lu Su went with him. Unexpectedly, his grandmother died, so he had to help his grandmother's coffin back to Dongcheng for burial.Sun Ce commissioned Zhou Yu as the Central Guard Army, leading the Danyang prefect, and broke through Wancheng together, and took Erqiao as his wife.In the fifth year of Jian'an (200), Sun Ce died. He "sent his soldiers to the funeral" and stayed in Soochow ever since, "taking charge of all affairs with the Central Guard and Chang Shi Zhang Zhao".Lu Su, who was returning to the north, listened to another friend's suggestion and planned to go to Chaohu to join Zheng Bao. Zhou Yu immediately wrote a letter saying that "in today's world, not only the ruler chooses the ministers, but the ministers also choose the ruler", urging him to return to Jiangdong. Sun Quan.He also recommended Lu Su to Sun Quan, saying that he "became suitable for the time".After Lu Su came to Wu, "Quan immediately saw Su, and he was very happy with his words."

From then on, Zhou and Lu worked together to assist Sun Quan and became the master. Before the Battle of Chibi, Zhou Yu often commanded troops to fight outside, and made many military exploits.In the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208), Sun Quan conquered Jiangxia and challenged Huang Zu. He served as the former governor and played an important role in defeating the enemy.And Lu Su often advised Sun Quan, persuading Sun Quan to give up the pursuit of "Huanwen (partial hegemony)" and strive to achieve "Gaodi (unification)".Although Sun Quan said that "I will try my best to support the ears of the Han Dynasty, this statement is out of reach", but he didn't mind Zhang Zhao's opinion that Lu Su was "not humble enough" and "young and careless, unusable". ", but "beneficial and precious".After Liu Biao died, Lu Su took the initiative to ask for the "two sons of Diao Biao" and "to prepare envoys to caress Biao, and to rule Cao Cao together with one mind."Sun Quan "immediately sent Su Xing".Lu Su did not disgrace his mission and acted cheaply. He passed through Xiakou, transferred to Nanjun (Jiangling, the old city is in the northeast of Jiangling, Hubei), and rushed to Changban, Dangyang to "welcome" Liu Bei. , Persuasion and power work together."Seeing Zhuge Liang, he immediately stated "I am a friend of Ziyu (Zhuge Jin's brother Liang)", and put on a close relationship, "that is, we will make a relationship together."Liu Beizheng was so eager to send Zhuge Liang as an envoy to go with Lu Su to Soochow to meet Sun Quan and form an alliance between Sun and Liu.Pei Songzhi's verdict, "Liu Bei and the power work together to reject China, are all Su's original intentions", without any exaggeration.These events show that Zhou Yu and Lu Su are close friends, both are Confucian generals, and they stand shoulder to shoulder in both wisdom and courage. Zhou Yu is the leader in Bu Wu's use of troops, but Lu Su is superior in political and diplomatic strategic vision, planning ability and coping level. one chip.

Lu Su returned to Chaisang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) to return to his command. Just as the situation changed suddenly, Cao Cao sent a psychological war letter of "will hunt in Wu", and the officials of the Eastern Wu were shocked and paled.Zhang Zhao and others, who accepted Sun Ce's entrusted will, "all persuaded Quan to welcome him", that is to say, follow Liu Cong's example and submit to Cao Cao, only Lu Su "doesn't say anything".When Sun Quan got up and changed his clothes, he chased after Yuxia and said to Sun Quan: "To observe the opinions of the people, only wanting to mislead the general, not enough to plan big things." Using his own metaphor, he urged Sun Quan to "make a big plan early" with the reason that "Su can do it, but a general can't."Sun Quan, who was undecided, suddenly became enlightened, and lamented that "everyone is holding discussions, but I am very disappointed", only "Qing Kuo has a big plan, and he is with Gu."At that time, Zhou Yu was "envoyed to Poyang (now Boyang, Jiangxi)", and Lu Su suggested that Sun Quan summon him back quickly.As soon as Zhou Yu returned to Chaisang, he made a political and military analysis of Sun Quan, pointing out that Cao Cao "is actually a traitor of the Han under the name of Prime Minister of Han", and that Sun Quan "should run rampant all over the world, and clean up the filth for the Han family"; The four major "troubles in the use of troops", "all of them are reckless", and "it is appropriate for generals to capture and operate today".He took the initiative to ask for Ying, "please get 30,000 elite soldiers to live in Xiakou, and protect them as generals."Thanks to Lu Su and Zhou Yu's loyalty, insight into the situation, and their efforts to turn the tide, Sun Quan made up his mind to unite Liu against Cao.So Zhou Yu was appointed as the governor, Lu Su was the lieutenant of the Zan Army, and the Wu army was the main force. Together with Liu Bei's troops, they jointly won a major victory in the Battle of Chibi.Regarding this victory, Pei Songzhi also commented: "The plan was rejected by Duke Cao, and Lu Su was actually launched." It is the military commander Zhou Yu who made the first contribution, and the strategic advice Lu Su who made the first contribution.

During the Battle of Chibi and after the Battle of Chibi, some relevant stories and facts show the respective demeanor of Zhou Yu and Lu Su.After Sun Quan made up his mind to resist Cao Cao, he actually appointed two governors to command the army, that is, Zhou Yu was the governor of the left, and Cheng Pu was the governor of the right.Among the first generals who followed Sun Jian and Sun Ce, "Pu was the oldest, and everyone at that time called him Duke Cheng."Zhou Yu, known as "Zhou Lang", was thirty-four years old at the time, and the older "Cheng Gong" "is quite old, counting mausoleums to insult Yu".However, the "Zhou Lang" of the younger generation has a full-bodied personality, "tolerate all the details, and will never be with the school".Cheng Pu was finally moved, "I respect and admire him and love him dearly", and said to others: "If you drink alcoholic mash with Zhou Gongjin, you will not feel drunk!" "Three Qi" and died, it is simply too insulting to the Sri Lankan people!His military commanding ability has also been admired by his opponents. According to the "Jiang Biao Zhuan" quoted in this biography, after Cao Cao "destroyed the Wei army by Yu", he said that he was defeated by Zhou Yu, and he was "not ashamed to leave alone."After Lu Su won, he "returned first", and Sun Quan held a grand welcome ceremony.Sun Quan asked Lu Su: "Zi Jing, is it enough to show you that you stand alone on the saddle and get off the horse?" Lu Su approached and replied "Not yet", everyone was stunned.When he was seated, he raised his whip and explained: "May the supreme mighty virtue spread all over the world, including Kyushu, conquer the emperor's career, and use the car and soft wheels to conquer the emperor, and then it will be prominent."

When Sun Quan heard this, he clapped his hands and laughed.Zhou Yu is magnanimous, elegant, and talented, while Lu Su is far-sighted, open-minded, and ambitious, which is beyond the reach of ordinary people. After the Battle of Chibi, Zhou Yu served as a partial general, led the prefect of Nanjun, and stationed in Jiangling.At that time, Liu Bei had already led Jingzhou pastoralists after Liu Qi's death, and was stationed in Jiegong, and the two sides of the alliance actually confronted each other.In the fifteenth year of Jian'an (210), Zhou Yu went to Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province) to meet with Sun Quan. He suggested that Liu Bei come to complete a political marriage. , thus separating from Guan Yu and Zhang Fei.In this way, "put each side on one side", and then let him deal with Guan and Zhang, then "big things can be decided".However, Sun Quan was worried about Cao Cao's restoration of strength, and worried that Liu Bei would be difficult to "control", so he did not adopt this plan.He also put forward another plan. Before Cao Cao's "break the nose" in Chibi had calmed down, let him and Fenwei general Sun Yu "jointly enter and conquer Shu". Sun Yu was in town in Shu, while he occupied Xiangyang before returning to his division to force Cao Cao.Sun Quan agreed, and Zhou Yu immediately returned to Jiangling to prepare to pack. Unexpectedly, he died of illness in Baqiu (now Yueyang, Hunan Province) on the way at the age of 36.When the bad news reached Chaisang, Sun Quan expressed his condolences and said sadly: "Gong Jin has the wealth of Wang Zuo, but now he has a short life, so why is he alone!" 19 years later, he proclaimed himself emperor, but he still lamented that "I am not Zhou Gongjin alone, I am not an emperor".For the alternation, stability, development and consolidation of the Soochow regime in the early period of the Three Kingdoms, Zhou Yu played the role of the mainstay, and no one else can replace it.

If he hadn't died young and his long-cherished plan of "taking Shu" was implemented, then whether the alliance between Sun and Liu could be maintained, and whether the separation of the three kingdoms would finally take shape is another matter. When Zhou Yu was ill, Sun Quan said to Sun Quan, "Lu Su's wisdom is full of responsibility, so I beg to replace Yu."Sun Quan worshiped Lu Su as the captain of Fenwu, "led the army on behalf of Yu", Zhou Yu had more than 4,000 scholars, and the four counties of Fengyi "all belonged to Yan".However, although Lu Su and Zhou Yu have been sincere friends and close comrades-in-arms for many years, their strategic vision and struggle tactics are different. He firmly advocated and maintained the strategic alliance between Sun and Liu.He did not approve of detaining Liu Bei, but urged Sun Quan to lend Jingzhou Nanjun to Liu Bei, which is the so-called "borrowing Jingzhou".He advocated this, actually proceeding from reality.Because after the Battle of Chibi, the only Jingzhou occupied by the Sun Quan Group was Jiangbei Nanjun and Jiangxia. The four counties of Changsha, Guiyang, Wuling, and Lingling in the south of the Yangtze River were all controlled by the Liu Bei Group. The Cao Cao Group made a profit.It would be better to temporarily lend Nanjun to Liu Bei and push him to the front line directly facing Cao's army in Xiangyang.Moreover, it is called "borrowing", and once the situation changes or the conditions are suitable in the future, it can be taken back at any time.In doing so, it not only maintained the alliance between Sun and Liu, but also reduced the pressure on Sun Wu. The combination of principle and flexibility was the most beneficial to Sun Wu both politically and militarily.In the words of Lu Su persuading Sun Quan, it is "to fight more enemies, and to build a party for oneself, which is the best plan".Although the subsequent events repeatedly showed that Sun Quan did not fully understand the far-reaching significance of Lu Su's strategic suggestion, but at that time he "followed it immediately".As a strategist who surpassed Sun Quan and Liu Bei, Cao Cao immediately saw the power of it, so he "learned that the power was prepared with land and property, and then he wrote a book and wrote it on the ground."Compared with Liu Bei's loss of chopsticks when he heard the words, it is quite similar.

After Lu Su took over, he moved from Jiangling to Lukou (now Luxikou in the southwest of Jiayu, Hubei), "Enwei Daxing", expanded his armaments, and the number of his troops grew from more than 4,000 to more than 10,000.He managed the army strictly, "the camps are not lost, orders are prohibited, there are no wastes in the borders, and no pick-ups on the road", which was appreciated by Sun Quan, and he was promoted to the prefect of Hanchang and the partial general.In the nineteenth year of Jian'an (214), he followed Sun Quan to attack Wancheng (now Qianshan, Anhui), and was promoted to General Hengjiang.Returning to the town of Lukou, the line of defense is borderline with Guan Yu's left behind in Jingzhou, and border frictions will inevitably occur. Lu Su puts the overall situation first and "always caresses him with joy."But he is not as written, more honest than courageous, cowardly in front of Guan Yu, always being teased, but calm in the face of danger, not confused in dealing with things.

In the 20th year of Jian'an (215), Liu Bei had acquired Yizhou, and Sun Quan sent Zhuge Jin as an envoy to Chengdu to return Jingzhou.Liu Bei pretended not to agree, and Sun Quan was furious, so he sent LV Meng to capture the three counties of Changsha, Lingling, and Guiyang. Naturally, Liu Bei couldn't afford to lose, so he personally rushed from Chengdu to Gong'an (now Hubei), and ordered Guan Yu to take back the three counties.Sun Quan was tit-for-tat, and he personally rushed to Lukou to supervise the battle, and ordered Lu Su to station troops in Yiyang (now part of Hunan) to fight against Guan Yu.The two sides are at war with each other, and a fierce battle is about to break out.In order to save the alliance between Sun and Liu who was about to collapse, Lu Su showed his statesmanship and invited Guan Yu to meet him.All the generals were suspicious and feared that there would be a change, so they discouraged them one after another.Lu Su said with confidence: "Today's matter should be compared with each other. Liu Bei is in charge of the country, and right and wrong are still undecided. Why would Yu dare to commit himself?" He resolutely attended the meeting.He and Guan Yu both stationed troops and horses a hundred paces away, and met with single-handed swords.Guan Yu took the lead, saying that Liu Bei's Wulin campaign had contributed to "destroying Wei with all his strength", "how could it be in vain to lose a piece of land", and accused Lu Su of "wanting to reclaim the land".Lu Su's righteous speech was strict, pointing out that Liu Bei was "decorating his love for himself, and his virtue is good", "greedy and abandoning righteousness will surely be a disaster", and he denounced Guan Yu as "unable to deal with the right way, and using righteousness to supplement the time". "Take advantage of the strong and try to fight hard", it will certainly not succeed.

Guan Yu was speechless, and it was not easy to use force.What I wrote about "going to the meeting alone" is not enough to believe that Guan Yu was promoted and Lu Su was suppressed.As a result, the battle failed. The two sides made peace and cut the Xiangshui River as the boundary. Sun Quan occupied the four counties in Jiangdong, and Liu Bei occupied the three counties in Jiangxi.Objectively speaking, there are certainly reasons why Cao Cao attacked Hanzhong and Liu Bei had to withdraw from Yizhou, but Lu Su's awe-inspiring righteousness and surrender without a fight also played a certain role.Lu Su did his best to maintain the alliance between Sun and Liu, as Wang Fuzhi commented in "Du Tong Jian Lun", he achieved "it is not easy to keep it for life". In the twenty-second year of Jian'an (217), Lu Su died of illness at the age of forty-six.Sun Quan mourned for him and went to the funeral himself.Zhuge Liang also expressed his condolences.Wu Guoshi Zhi "Wu Shu" commented, "Su is upright, less than playful, frugal inside and outside, not doing good things. To rule the army and rectify, bans and orders must be followed. He is good at talking, can belong to literary diction, thinks far and wide, and has an extraordinary understanding. After Zhou Yu, Su is the best." Pei's annotations in this biography show that Lu Su in Pei Songzhi's mind is just so admirable.Later, Sun Quan talked to Lu Xun about his evaluation of Zhou Yu, Lu Su, and Lu Meng, saying that Lu Su's first "solitary and banquet talk, it was as good as the career of a general emperor, and this time is too fast"; before the Battle of Chibi, Lu Su could not speak alone. To welcome Cao, "persuading Gu to urgently call Gongjin, pay him to the people, and attack him against him, these two are fast"; later persuaded to lend Jingzhou to Liu Bei, "it is one of the shortcomings, not enough to damage the other's strengths."Sun Quan "forgets his shortness and values ​​his strengths", and often compares Lu Su to Deng Yu, a great hero in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, which shows the depth of his reliance.Until the time when he proclaimed himself emperor, Sun Quan also mentioned to the ministers in particular that "Zi Lu Zi respected this in the past, and it can be said that he understands the situation." Lu Meng succeeded Lu Su as the coach of the western front of Soochow.Lu Meng (178-219) Ziming, born in Fubei, Runan (now Funan, Anhui).Unlike Zhou Yu and Lu Su, who were born in a wealthy family and were learned and knowledgeable since childhood, he was born in a poor and humble family, rough and uneducated. He joined Sun Ce's army with his brother-in-law Deng Dang in his teens to participate in the war.At that time, he had the heroic spirit of "not exploring the tiger's lair, but finding the tiger's cub safely". Sun Ce "was amazing, and led him to the left and right". After Deng Dang's death, he was appointed Sima of the other department. After Sun Quantong's incident, he "had made great contributions in his pursuit of Danyang, and paid homage to the captain of Pingbei and led Guangde."In the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208), he followed Sun Quan to conquer Huang Zu in the west. Huang Zu ordered the governor Chen to lead the water army to intercept. Lu Meng fought bravely as the vanguard.Sun Quan rewarded Lu Meng for his meritorious service, and promoted Lu Meng to be the general of Hengye Zhonglang.In practice, he made military achievements repeatedly, and Sun Quan cared more for him and Jiang Qin, and said to him and Jiang Qin, "It is better to learn to benefit yourself."Lv Meng declined and said: "I am often suffering and multitasking in the army, and I am afraid that I will not be able to return to my studies." Sun Quan used his own "Since he was in charge, he has saved three histories and military books of various families, and he thinks it will be of great benefit", and "(Han) Guangwu ( Liu Xiu) served as a soldier and horse, and never let go of the scroll." Cao Cao was "old but eager to learn" as an example, and earnestly instructed Lu Meng to "read "Sun Tzu", "Six Secret Teachings", "Zuo Zhuan", "Mandarin and Three History" urgently.Lv Meng listened to it, and from then on, he became "dedicated and tireless, and what he saw, the old Confucianism was invincible", and he changed from a warrior to a Confucian general. When Lu Su went to Lukou to take office on behalf of Zhou Yu, he passed by Lv Meng's residence, "the meaning is light and Mongolian".Lu Meng asked Lu Su, "We are neighbors to Guan Yu, what plan will we take to prepare for any eventuality", and Lu Su actually said "it's a temporary solution".Lu Meng believed that "although the east and west are one family today, but Guan Yu is really a bear and a tiger, Ji'an is not predetermined", so he immediately drew up "five strategies" for Lu Su.Lu Su was very surprised, "Let's go to the banquet", he slapped his back and said, "I'm a big brother, but I have Wu Lueer. As for today's knowledge of Yingbo, I must return to Wu Xia Amen!" I specially visited Lu Meng's mother, and then " Make friends and leave."Later, when Sun Quan commented on Lu Meng to Lu Xun, he also said that "the learning is beneficial, the planning is amazing, it can be inferior to Gongjin, but the words are not as good as the ears", and "the attempt to win Guan Yu is better than Zijing" point. Judging from the use of troops to fight wars, what Sun Quan said is indeed based.During the Battle of Chibi, Lu Meng assisted Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu in "breaking Cao Gong in Wulin to the west and besieging Cao Ren in Nanjun", with outstanding military exploits.Later, the two sides competed for Nanjun. Zhou Yu sent Gan Ning to "formerly occupy Yiling (now east of Yichang, Hubei)", and Cao Ren divided his troops to besiege Yiling. Gan Ning was "distressed" and asked for help.Zhou Yu's troops were insufficient, and many generals opposed the division of troops to rescue, but Lu Meng suggested that Ling Tong be left behind to guard the camp, ensuring that he "can defend for ten days", and he himself followed Zhou Yu to "relieve the siege".He set up ambushes on the dangerous road again, and Zhou Yu adopted them all.As a result, he won the complete victory of "Cao Ren retreated, then occupied Nanjun and settled Jingzhou", and was promoted to partial general because of his meritorious service.In the sixteenth year of Jian'an (211), he followed Sun Quan to the east to fight against Cao Cao. Sun Quan planned to set up a dock at Ruxukou (now Wuwei, Jiangsu). , only Lu Meng supports it.He analyzed: "Soldiers are blunt and invincible. If there is an encounter, if the enemy walks or rides, and has no time to enter the water, can he enter the boat?" Sun Quan called it "good", so he was "very well prepared."In the eighteenth year (213), Cao Cao led his army to attack, but he could not go down for more than a month, so he had to retreat.Cao Cao appointed Zhu Guang as the prefect of Lujiang, opened rice fields in Wancheng (now Qianshan, Anhui), and sent spies to Poyang (now Boyang, Jiangxi) to lure internal support.Lu Meng said to Sun Quan: "The Wantian is fertile and beautiful. If you harvest it (cooked), the others will increase. If you are a few years old, you will see the behavior, and you should get rid of it early!" So in the nineteenth year (214) Sun Quan personally conquered Wancheng battle.Sun Quan asked about the method of attacking the city. Many people advocated the construction of earth mountains. Lu Meng believed that the earth mountains "must be built every day, the city is ready, and foreign aid must come, so it is impossible to plan."Sun Quan attacked Anhui according to his plan, with Gan Ning leading the attack, followed by Lu Meng's elite, and launched an attack at dawn, and the city was broken by the time of food.The battle was fought cleanly, and Zhu Guang and Dong He, who joined the army, were captured alive, and more than 30,000 people were returned.When Cao Cao's general Zhang Liao led his troops to help, he knew that the city of Wan had been lost, so he had to retreat.After Lu Su's death, there were many excellent generals in Soochow who could succeed him, but only Lu Meng could reassure Sun Quan the most. As an outstanding military strategist, Lu Meng's strategic focus is close to that of Zhou Yu, mainly focusing on the actual military interests that benefit Soochow, unlike Lu Su, who pays more attention to the relatively long-term and relatively comprehensive grasp of the overall situation.When Lu Su presided over the military affairs on the western front, he secretly stated his opinions, thinking that Guan Yu "the monarch and his ministers should be reserved for their deceitful power, and they can't treat them with confidence", and should "seek it when (Soochow) is strong".Sun Quan once planned to take Xuzhou in the north, but he thought it was inappropriate, "it is better to take the feathers, all according to the Yangtze River, the situation will be better", Sun Quan "especially for this statement".Therefore, as soon as Lu Su served as the prefect of Hanchang and presided over military affairs on the western front, he began to implement the "feather-taking" plan.He knew that Guan Yu's bravery and arrogance were not suitable for a forceful attack, so he decided to indulge his arrogance, wait for his omissions, and prepare to outsmart him.In the first step, when he first arrived in Lukou, he made a friendly gesture on the surface that was more Lu Su than Lu Su, "be more gracious" and paralyzed Guan Yu.In the second step, Guan Yu went north to Fancheng to fight against Cao Wei, "retaining troops to prepare for the police and Nanjun". He saw through that Guan Yu was worried about himself and was afraid that he would take the opportunity to attack the police and Nanjun, so he returned to Jianye "in the name of curing diseases" (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), in order to further induce Guan Yu to relax his armaments.The third step is to carry out the deceit to the end. In Jianye, he released the false news of "declining", but secretly suggested to Sun Quan that Lu Xun, who was unknown at the time, should act as his representative, making Guan Yu mistakenly think that Wuzhong had no one to send.Sure enough, Guan Yu was fooled and transferred the remaining troops to Fancheng, leaving the rear empty.The fourth step is to take advantage of Guan Yu's victory in Fancheng, let Lu Xun come forward to congratulate Guan Yu, and at the same time sneak to Xunyang (now southwest of Huangmei County, Hubei Province) by himself, and lead the elite soldiers to hide in the big boat. "Walking day and night, to the riverside where Yu was stationed and waited, and tied them all up", completing the so-called "crossing the river in white clothes".Fu Shiren, the public security guard, and Mi Fang, the Nanjun guard, surrendered, but Guan Yu still hadn't heard of it. The fifth step is to strictly enforce military discipline after entering the city, comfort Guan Yu and his family members, and Qiu did not commit any crimes.And asked the family members of the soldiers to send letters to the relatives of the conscripts, letting them know that "the family is safe, and the treatment is too normal", which led to "the officials have no fighting spirit."Guan Yu and his son were finally captured, and "Jingzhou was settled", realizing the wish of Sun Jian, Sun Ce, Sun Quan and his son to take Jingzhou for 30 years.Such a soldier who subdues others without fighting, and a teacher who fully demonstrates benevolence and righteousness, is the same throughout the historical period of the Three Kingdoms.So far, the three kingdoms have finally been established, in 219 AD. Lu Meng made great contributions, and Sun Quan worshiped him as the prefect of Nanjun, made him Marquis of Chanling, and gave him 100 million yuan and 500 catties of gold.Lu Meng insisted on resigning the money, but Sun Quan refused.He was really sick at first, and after taking Jingzhou while sick, before the knighting ceremony was held, he fell ill.Sun Quan welcomed him to the police, placed him in the inner hall, tried every means to treat and rescue him, and even offered a reward of thousands of gold to recruit "those who can heal the disease".Sun Quan observed his condition through the crack of the wall every day. He was happy when he saw that he could eat for a while, talking and laughing around, and depressed when his condition worsened, and he couldn't sleep at night.Once it got better, all the ministers congratulated each other.But he died in the end, "at the age of forty, he died in the inner hall".Before he died, Lv Meng handed over all the "golden treasures and gifts" to the government in his will, and did not leave them to his three sons.Chen Shou commented that "Although he killed recklessly at the beginning, he finally restrained himself. He has the strength of a national scholar, so he is just a general." He said it too briefly. Lu Meng had already recommended Lu Xun to succeed him.Lu Xun (183-245), styled Boyan, was born in Wu County, Wu County (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). His real name was Yi, and he was later called Xun.He was born in an aristocratic family in Jiangdong. At the age of 21, he was called into the shogunate by Sun Quan. He went through the history of Eastern and Western Cao Lingshi (equivalent to today's secretary), and became the captain of Tuntian in Haichang (now southeast of Yuhang, Zhejiang) and acted as the county magistrate.The land there was barren, and there were years of drought. He opened a warehouse to help the poor, and advised farming and mulberry.At that time, the Shanyue people in Kuaiji area rioted, and Lu Xun summoned troops to fight for peace.Youtu, the "thief commander" in Poyang (now Boyang, Jiangxi), made a rebellion, and he went to seek peace again.After two military campaigns, he first showed his military talent and was promoted to Captain Dingwei.Sun Quan betrothed Sun Ce's daughter to him. Since then, he has the status of "National Relative" and has become one of Sun Quan's confidantes.He suggested using both suppression and appeasement to subdue the Shanyue people and "choose the best" to benefit "Pu Yuan".Sun Quan accepted his strategy and used it as the right supervisor under the account.Lu Xun crusaded Feizhan, the "thief commander" in Danyang County, and won the many with the few. He made great achievements in the first battle.Chunyu Shi, the prefect of Kuaiji, reported that he "takes the people in vain, and is troublesome." When Lu Xun met Sun Quan, he called Chunyu Shi a "good official".Sun Quan said, when someone sues you, you should praise him, why?Lu Xun said that the reason why Chunyu Shi sued me was "to support the people", and the intention was good; if I took personal revenge, it would disturb the audience.Sun Quan praised him for "this matter of sincerity to the elders is beyond the ears of others", and he trusted him even more. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219), Lu Meng returned to Jianye to paralyze Guan Yu, claiming to be ill.Lu Xun went to see Lu Meng and expressed his opinion freely: "Yu is proud of his valiant spirit, and his majesty is in front of others. He has made great achievements at the beginning, and his ambition is arrogant, but he did not dislike me when he went north. If you have acquaintances and hear about diseases, you will be unprepared. It is a good plan to see the Supreme Master." Lu Meng was in need of a person with the same heart and insight to come forward on his behalf, so he recommended to Sun Quan: "Lu Xun has a deep meaning, so he can bear the burden. If you look at it and consider it, you will be able to take great responsibility. If you don’t have a long-term reputation, you are not afraid of it, and there is nothing wrong with it. If you use it, you should hide yourself from the outside, observe the shape from the inside, and then overcome it.” Sun Quan originally said He trusted Lu Xun, and now he was highly recommended by Lu Meng. Of course, he believed it. He immediately summoned Lu Xun and made him a partial general and governor of the right, and asked him to go to Lukou to replace Lu Meng in charge of military affairs on the western front.Sure enough, Lu Xun lived up to his trust, and he did a perfect job of "outside self-disclosure". After Guan Yu read his humble letter of praise, he judged that this "scholar was late" was a piece of cake. suspect".As soon as Guan Yu transferred away the remaining troops, Lu Xun immediately "inspected the situation" again, caught the fleeting opportunity to "take the feather", and "presented to Sun Quan the key to capturing the bird".That's why Lu Meng "crossed the river in white clothes", and Lu Xun was the same as the front, even Ke Gongan and Nanjun.Lu Xun led the army to take advantage of the victory and marched forward. He led the prefect of Yidu, paid homage to the general of Bian, and was granted the title of Marquis of Huating.Guan Yu's army had no fighting spirit and did not dare to go south to regain the lost ground, so they had to flee west.In November, he fled to Maicheng (now southeast of Dangyang, Hubei), was surrounded by Wu Jun, and was forced to erect a false flag of surrender.Guan Yu led more than ten cavalry to break through, and was captured in Linju (now Yuan'an North, Hubei), and his troops fell apart.Lu Xun marched westward and fought all the way to Zigui (now in Hubei), where he captured "tens of thousands" of Yi and Han generals.As a general for the first time, he won the victory of occupying Jingzhou that Zhou Yu and Lu Su failed to complete. Lu Xun was promoted to the right guard and general of Zhenxi, and was promoted to Louhou. Two years later, the battle between Wu and Shu Yiling broke out, and Lu Xun was appointed as the governor of the Great Metropolitan. He led 50,000 people to resist Liu Bei under false festivals.Liu Bei's 100,000 troops were overwhelming, and Lu Xun adopted the method of the enemy advancing and retreating, and took the initiative to give up the Three Gorges area, which was not conducive to combat.In the first month of 222 A.D., the Shu army had a battalion for hundreds of miles. The forwards advanced to Yiling.Most of the generals accompanying the army were Sun Ce's former generals, or relatives of the official family, "each of them was reserved and did not obey each other."The Lu Xun case sword announced: "In the face of a strong enemy, it is not a matter of being disobedient. Although a servant is a scholar, he is ordered by the master. Therefore, the country's princes and envoys look forward to each other. The servant has a size and can bear humiliation. It is also the reason. Everyone is doing their own thing, how can we have to resign? Military orders are permanent, and we must not violate them!" It shows that the army is well-mannered, and it is a prestige.He also went to Sun Quan, explaining that Yiling is "the gate of the country" and will be able to preserve it; Liu Bei "marched forward and backward, with more defeats and less success". .The two sides held each other for half a year, and Lu Xun saw that the Shu army was "tired and hopeless", so he decisively decided to fight when the enemy was tired, and to break the enemy with fire, so as to make a quick battle.In June of that year, a fire attack was carried out, burning down more than 40 battalions of the Shu army, beheading Shu generals Zhang Nan, Feng Xi, and the leader of the Wuxi barbarians, Sha Moke, and surrendering Shu generals Du Lu and Liu Ning. Tens of thousands of Shu troops died, even Liu Bei himself almost Son became a prisoner.This battle was fought more beautifully than the Battle of Chibi. As one of the glorious battles in the history of Chinese wars where the weak defeated the strong and the few defeated the many, Lu Xun's name was engraved in history together with it. After the victory in the Battle of Yiling, Sun Quan worshiped Lu Xun as the general of the auxiliary country, led Jingzhou Mu, and changed his title to Jiangling Marquis. His rank had surpassed that of Zhou Yu, Lu Su, and Lu Meng before.He was 39 years old that year, and he should be considered middle-aged at that time, not the so-called "children". As a middle-aged man with heavy responsibilities on his shoulders, the top priority that Lu Xun must face is how to treat and deal with the broken alliance between Sun and Liu, so as to benefit the north against Cao Wei.Liu Bei fled to Yong'an and settled down. Xu Sheng, Pan Zhang, Song Qian and others, the veteran generals of the Eastern Wu Dynasty, handed over their seals, saying, "If you are ready to compete, you will be able to win (capture), beg to attack him again."Sun Quan asked for Lu Xun's opinion, and Lu Xun, Zhu Ran, and Luo Tongtong agreed that "Cao Pi, together with the scholars, entrusted the country to help the country for preparations, but he really had treacherous intentions inside, and he was determined to return it." He urged Liu Bei to let Liu Bei go. Wu Jun who had reached Wu Gorge withdrew.Sure enough, Cao Pi marched south on September 3, 222. If the Wu army did not end the war against Shu in time and withdrew its westward army, it would be difficult to deal with the three parties. Knowing that Cao Pi was going south, Liu Bei, unwilling to be defeated, immediately wrote to Lu Xun: "The thief is now in Jiangling, and I will go back to the east. Does the general think it is possible?" If you don’t just count on it, if you want to overthrow it, and send it from afar, there will be no escape!” A letter dispelled Liu Bei’s delusion of taking advantage of the fire. After Liu Bei's death in April of the following year, Liu Chan ascended the throne, Zhuge Liang assumed power, and re-implemented the old policy of "connecting power with power".Whenever the current situation is appropriate, Sun Quan entrusts Lu Xun to communicate directly with Zhuge Liang; he also specially engraved a Sun Quan seal and placed it with Lu Xun, and every time he wrote a letter to Liu Chan and Zhuge Liang, he would first send it to Lu Xun The order is changed, and it is executed with a seal."All this shows that although Lu Xun entered the main theater of the history of the Three Kingdoms later than Zhou, Lu, and Lu, he came from behind. He has the strengths of the three and the shortcomings of the three. Courage, talent, accomplishments, and self-cultivation are by no means inferior to Zhuge Liang of the Shu Han, or even superior strategists, politicians, and military strategists. Lu Xun has been in Jingzhou for more than 20 years, united with Shu in the west, and resisted Wei in the north, which achieved the best period of the alliance between Sun and Liu. Wu and Shu never met each other again.As for the use of troops in the north, he had two outstanding performances.Once in the seventh year of Sun Wu Huangwu (228), Wei Guoda Sima Cao Xiu led an army of 100,000 into Anhui, and Lu Xun served as the governor of the Wu army to fight.Lu Xun acted as the middle road, and ordered Zhu Huan and Quan Cong to be the left and right wings, and advanced in three ways. He defeated the Wei army in Jiashi (between Huaining and Tongcheng, Anhui today), and captured more than 10,000 troops. The equipment is slightly exhausted.When the triumphant troupe passed through Wuchang, Sun Quan ordered to use the imperial cover to cover Lu Xun, the glory is beyond compare.In the second year, he worshiped Lu Xun as the top general and the right guard, respecting him more than others.Another time, in the third year of Sun Wu Jiahe (234), Sun Quan launched a three-way attack on Wei. He led the main force to encircle Hefei in the middle, Sun Shao and Zhang Cheng attacked Guangling in the east, and Lu Xun and Zhuge Jin attacked Xiangyang in the west.Wei Ming Emperor Cao Rui personally sent troops to meet the enemy.Zhugejin was quite nervous because he only advanced on the west road alone and was in danger of being surrounded by the Wei army.However, Lu Xun remained calm and composed. While sending soldiers to grow radishes and soybeans, he played chess and shooting games with the generals as usual. He asked Zhuge Jin to prepare the boat secretly, and he led the army to attack Xiangyang. I dare not go out of the city to catch up.On the way back to the army, he also attacked the Wei army in Xinshi, Anlu, Shiyang, etc. in Jiangxia, "beheading and killing more than a thousand people."Courageous and resourceful, he surpasses all others.Cao Wei was intimidated by Lu Xun's prestige and dared not invade Jingzhou on a large scale. Jingzhou relied on relative stability. Although Lu Xun led the army and stationed abroad all year round, he never forgot to protect the country and the people, and he was also very concerned about Wu's political affairs.After proclaiming himself emperor, Sun Quan gradually became keen on harsh laws and severe punishments. He criticized: "Severe laws and severe punishments are not the honor of an emperor; punishment without forgiveness is not the rule of Huaiyuan." He advocated following the example of Liu Bang in the early Han Dynasty, lightening the law to facilitate the people, governing the country with the inaction of Huang Lao, and recuperating with the people.他强调“国以民为本，强由民力，财由民出”，建议孙权“兴利改作”，轻徭薄赋，“宁济百姓，数年之间，国用少丰，然后更图”。他身为将帅，还认为好战有害，“治乱讨逆”固然“须兵为威”，更当注重“农桑衣食，民之本业”，宜于尽量少动干戈。对孙权劳师动众，征夷州，图辽东，他都明确表示不赞成，指其违悖“当须民力，以济时务”。对孙权在朝廷内实行特务统治，重用吕壹之类的奸佞，任其诬害忠良，他也忧心如焚。这些言和行，不但周瑜、鲁肃、吕蒙未曾有，而且方之蜀汉诸葛亮，乃至前前后后历代称美的治世良臣，也是了不起的。其中不少的仁政建议，孙权采纳了，推动了吴国相较于魏、蜀两国，一段时期内相对宽仁。如王夫之所说：“自汉末以来，数十年无屠掠之惨，抑无苟繁之政，生养休息，唯江东也独。”（见《读通鉴论》卷十）所以赤乌七年（244），孙权让陆逊代顾雍为相，下诏奖谕他为“伊尹隆汤，吕尚翼周，内外之任，君实兼之”。然而，有些意见也得罪了这位独裁帝王，龙颜一变就是另一种遭际。由于孙权在太子问题上不讲礼法，陆逊三番四次上疏建言“当使宠秩有差，彼此得所，上下获安”，孙权竟然翻脸不认人，“累遣中使责让逊”。公忠体国而横遭“责让”，陆逊为相还不足一年，就“愤恚致卒”了。时年63岁，“家无余财”，足见清正。 这样一位卓越的战略家、政治家、军事家，在生时尊荣超过周瑜、鲁肃、吕蒙，临死时却比周瑜、鲁肃、吕蒙凄凉，十足以宣示后人，封建专制皇权桎梏下的杰出人才是难以维护独立人格，让聪明才智得到充分发挥的，甚至生存权利也是握在独裁帝王手里的。陈寿撰述《三国志》，三国前期、中期、后期的帝王、将相、人杰、奇才多矣，除三曹（曹操、曹丕、曹叡）、三刘（刘焉、刘备、刘禅）、一孙（孙权）单列纪传而外，只给诸葛亮和陆逊两人单独立传，并且只称陆逊一人为“社稷之臣”，可见何等仰慕他的瑰伟人生。然而，就是这样一位德、才、能、绩综合评估当称三国第一人的人，也逃不出封建专制皇权扼杀的命运，千古之下，怎不令人扼腕叹息？ 自陆逊屈辱而死之后，曾经坐断东南、睥睨曹刘的孙吴集团，尽管也出过陆逊之子陆抗那样的杰出儒将，但已是江河日下，再也没有周瑜、鲁肃、吕蒙、陆逊那种时之俊杰、国之栋梁的人才接力，再也避免不了国运之衰微的必然归宿。相比较而言，吴国还是稍好一些的，所以最后亡国。魏国的三曹一代不如一代，曹氏旗号下的文臣武将也是这样，所以终究易帜司马氏。蜀汉诸葛亮之后，只有一个降将姜维算得上一流人才，其余的人纵不昏暗、贪残，也是二流、三流，所以最先亡国。有人说，三国归根结底是“人谋”竞争，窃谓“人谋”出自人才，因而归根结底，当是人才竞争。如果承认这一点，那么，从周瑜、鲁肃、吕蒙、陆逊四大英才身上，特别是陆逊身上，引出的史鉴难道仅止于当时国家的兴亡吗？