Chapter 17 Chapter Sixteen

In the east of the world in the 20th century, the most exciting topics were national salvation and revolution.This century is booming.There is no century like this century where wars and revolutions are raging like clouds and clouds, and gold and stone are mixed with rubble and waves wash away the sand.There is no century like this century with so many pillars of spiritual wealth in the long river of history. After all the powerful figures have disappeared, history has become a huge legacy, which has been left to us intact. History is rise and fall, but also destiny.In the east of the world, I don't know how many people have lost their reputation because of China, and restored their reputation because of China. "Decision after closing the coffin" talks about the end of a person's life, but it cannot talk about the end of a period of history.Not everyone can reflect the long history with a short life.It is often said that different paths can never lead to the same goal.

History without end. Endlessness is the end of everything. The great river goes east, the waves wash away, and there are romantic figures through the ages. An international elegy, Hurricane fell from the sky for me. After the Xi'an Incident, various forces were rapidly regrouping. In mid-April 1937, as one of the tacit agreements reached in the Xi'an Incident, Chiang Ching-kuo returned to Shanghai. After receiving the notice of returning to China, Jiang Jingguo asked Jiang Tingfu, the ambassador of the Kuomintang government to the Soviet Union: "Does my father want me to return to China?"

Stalin wanted him to return home. Before returning to China, Stalin summoned him and said earnestly: "China is facing a national crisis. For the future of the country and the nation, you should go back! You have been in the Soviet Union for 13 years. Bring the revolutionary spirit of the Soviet Union back to your country. Live happily and work hard.” When the May 30th Movement broke out 13 years ago, Chiang Ching-kuo was studying at Pudong Middle School in Shanghai. He participated in anti-imperialist demonstrations with his classmates and was expelled by the school authorities for "misconduct".Transferred to a school for the children of the Kuomintang in Beijing to learn Russian, and followed Beijing students to the streets to demonstrate against the Beiyang warlord government.This time he did not return with the team and was imprisoned for two weeks.

Borodin recommended this young man who was keen on student movements and parades but was extremely embarrassed to go to Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow.Before leaving, his mother Maomei burst into tears, and Jiang Jingguo wept with him, but he dared not go against his father's will.Chiang Kai-shek sternly taught him: "This time, we must aspire to study abroad!" Chiang Ching-kuo was 15 years old that year.In the turbulent revolutionary storm, it is like a bulging sail, and it is also like a fallen leaf blown off.Where is he from?Where is he going?He himself is not very clear.

The rushing Cyclonus is an invisible hand. At Sun Yat-sen University’s debate on Chinese revolution, Chiang Ching-kuo, the youngest among the first class of students, was wearing a leather jacket and a Lenin cap, and stood on the podium eloquently.He always holds a stack of books, citing the arguments of Marx and Lenin.He speaks like a machine gun, flipping through the book quickly to find what the mentor said, then explain his position, and then find the next quotation. In February 1927, Moscow held the Fourth International Congress of the Communist Party of China.Young worker Si Shiyun spoke at the opening ceremony on behalf of the Sun Yat-sen University Youth League, and Jiang Jingguo was his interpreter.At the end of the speech, Si Shiyun and Chiang Ching-kuo shouted together in Chinese and Russian to the excited audience: "Long live Marxism-Leninism! Workers of the world unite! Long live the Communist Party International! Long live the victory of the Chinese revolution!"

The news of the third armed uprising by Shanghai workers was like a bolt from the blue, shaking all the teachers, students and staff of CUHK.The whole school was boiling to celebrate this great victory.Many people had tears in their eyes, jumped onto the stage and choked up after shouting "comrades".At the end of the celebration meeting, all the teachers and students of the school rushed out of the gate and marched to the Communist International Building.Jiang Jingguo walked in front of the parade, jumping up and down and shouting: "Shanghai Laqi (Shanghai is ours)!" But Shanghai belonged to his father Chiang Kai-shek.

After the "April 12" counter-revolutionary incident, the public was in an uproar.The Soviet "Izvestia" published on April 16, 1927, "Chiang Kai-shek's son encouraged the students to march and demonstrate in front of the Communist International Building. Not long ago, he said at a meeting of Chinese youth: 'I am not here as Chiang Kai-shek's son , but as the son of the Chinese Communist Youth League.'” A few days later, his anti-Chiang statement was broadcast by the TASS news agency around the world.Hankou "People's Tribune" reprinted the full text on April 24, 1927: Chiang Kai-shek's rebellion is not surprising.When he talked about the revolution endlessly, he had gradually begun to betray the revolution, eager to compromise with Zhang Zuolin and Sun Chuanfang.Chiang Kai-shek has ended his life.As a revolutionary, he died.He has gone counter-revolutionary and is an enemy of the masses of Chinese workers.Chiang Kai-shek was once my father and friend of the revolution.He has gone to the counter-revolutionary camp, and now he is my enemy.

The classmates lifted him up and threw him into the air, and the sound of "Ula" was boiling. While Chiang Kai-shek's reputation plummeted in Moscow, Chiang Ching-kuo's reputation grew day by day.Muscovites asked one after another, "Where is Chiang Kai-shek's son?" The Third International turned him into a Communist Party member and sent him to the Red Army Military and Political Academy in Tomaka, Leningrad.Sheng Yue, a Communist of Wang Ming's faction, wrote his memoirs later and mentioned this incident, but he was still dejected: "Unfortunately, we don't have a father like Chiang Kai-shek."

In January 1936, Leningrad's "Pravda" published a letter from Jiang Jingguo to his mother Mao Fumei: Dear mother: It has been 10 years since you sent me to Moscow.When we parted, you spoke your wishes.You want me to be happy and rich, and today, I have achieved it.But the way I did it was not what you imagined at the time.Your son has become a real rich man, but this wealth is neither land nor bank notes, but the knowledge of human life and the way to relieve the oppressed and exploited people. Although your son has become a truly happy person, this happiness is not a comfortable and comfortable life like a parasite, but a life of hard work and freedom, a great future of struggle and fighting, and a future of creating happiness for the people of the whole country. Your letter to me in 1927 asked me to go home immediately, and this request has not been fulfilled to this day.But your son has started a new life, and he may never come back.He may never again fall into the hands of his father, that fool, to be a poor cowardly child.Your child is about to march bravely on the road of Chinese revolution with firm determination.Mother, people say that the Communist Party is a bandit and a barbarian, and that Communist Party members don’t want family life and don’t respect their parents. Don’t believe it. These words are all lies.Communist Party members are fighters who are not afraid of anything to fight for their own truth. They are fighting to create a happy life for the people.Communist Party members are such people. Only such people can truly understand life and be good at creating family life.

Next door to me lived a family of Communist Party members.His father is a factory technician, his mother works as a clerk in the same factory, his son is a skilled worker, and his daughter attends a factory school.They really lived a dear family life, they loved each other, and the family was built on considerable politics.Whenever I see the happiness of other people's families, I often think of the mother who gave birth to me.So, I asked myself, why can't I be like them?Why can't I have that kind of happiness?But what about after asking?Your former husband killed tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of brothers and compatriots by extremely barbaric means, and betrayed the interests of the Chinese people three times.He is the enemy of the Chinese people.I have such a father and I cannot but feel ashamed in front of the Chinese people.Not only do I have no respect or love for such a father, I wish I could kill him and destroy him!

... When I was writing these few lines, I not only clenched my fists consciously, but my chest was filled with anger and hatred towards the enemy, and I wished I could expel such enemies immediately.Yesterday I was the son of a warlord, today I am a Communist.Some people may find it strange, but my belief in communism cannot be shaken at all. I am fully conscious and have research and understanding of real revolutionary theoretical achievements.Like many people in the world, because you don't understand politics, you don't know the relationship between various dominant factors and ruling elements, and you have difficulty understanding the truth about changes in the natural world. Can not understand.Mother!I hope that you and the people who read this letter will consider things from all aspects and observe everything that is happening in China with the most objective attitude.Where is the root of evil, menace and chaos?Who is responsible for the chaos and the threat of war?Perhaps you have not seen hundreds of people starve to death?Those who starved to death because Chiang Kai-shek and his party robbed the poor of a bowl of rice that they had earned through their honorable efforts. ... With the assistance of imperialism, Chiang Kai-shek launched five "encirclement and suppression campaigns" to oppose the Chinese Soviets and intend to eliminate the Soviet regime.But the Soviet regime is the only way to save China and make China independent.Although he intends to destroy the Red Army, the Red Army is the armed force of the Chinese people, and their attempt will never succeed.We should understand and should not forget that both the law of movement and the logic of struggle show that all ruling classes must perish and the oppressed must win.The road taken by Chiang Kai-shek must be the road taken by the Russian counter-revolutionary generals Kolchak, Denikin, Ulankel and others in the past.The road of the Red Army must be the road traveled by the Soviet Red Army - the glorious victors, and all Chinese are fully aware of this. ... Mother!I want you to be on the side of justice, on the side of your son, on the side of the revolution—that's what your son wants from his old mother. ... Your son Chiang Ching-kuo January 23, 1935 When Jiang Jingguo wrote this letter, the Zunyi Conference had just ended, and the Red Army, which was preparing to go north to Sichuan, was fighting fiercely with the Sichuan Army on the banks of the Chishui River.The letter was widely disseminated and caused a sensation. The New York Times published a summary of the letter on April 29, 1936, embarrassing Chiang Kai-shek. Now, according to the arrangement of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the will of Stalin, he is going back to China, and he is going to meet the father who is "the enemy of the Chinese people" and "wants to kill him and destroy him". How can the meeting not be too embarrassing? Jiang Jingguo racked his brains.With the help of Ambassador Jiang Tingfu, he chose a set of Ural black marble ornaments for his father and a Persian sheepskin coat for Soong Meiling. Chiang Kai-shek cared as little about Ural black marble and Persian sheepskin coats as he cared about his son calling him a "fool," a "warlord," an "enemy," a "criminal."He waited for his son who had been away for thirteen years in a lakeside villa called "Chenglu" in Hangzhou, and sent his nephew and guard Jiang Hengxiang, who had lived with Jiang Jingguo when he was a child, to Shanghai to meet Jiang Jingguo.Through the floor-to-ceiling glass windows, when Song Meiling saw his son who had gone away thirteen years ago being brought to the door, and Song Meiling greeted him with a smile on his face, he sat motionless on the sofa in the living room.This war hero who fought east and west on the battlefield to attack the South and the North was covering his wet eyes with newspapers at this moment. Chiang Ching-kuo flew from Moscow, and Li De flew away from Yan'an. On a Sunday morning in midsummer in 1939, before the sun came out, Li De, who was sleeping soundly in the cave dwelling, was awakened by a messenger. In front of him was a note written by Zhang Wentian: "Come to the airport quickly, you are flying to Moscow." Since then, he has left China. At the beginning of 1932, he was also suddenly sent to China to send money to Sorge. Maybe being awakened from a dream like this, and relying on a note like this? He risked his life when he came.Pseudonyms, fake passports, fake occupations.It's very safe to go.The special plane provided by Chiang Kai-shek.Zhou Enlai was on the same plane as him.Mao Zedong said goodbye at the airport. Come with passion. He was full of resentment when he left. He thought that the Chinese comrades had treated him badly.The Chinese revolution has treated him badly.The only shortcoming he admits is that he does not understand China's national conditions. Bethune traveled thousands of miles to China, and he didn't know the real situation in China.When he saw the poor medical and sanitary conditions and the unbelievably crude surgical instruments in the base area, didn't he also lose his temper and severely criticize the doctors of the Eighth Route Army? On May 1, 1938, Bethune led the Canadian medical team to leave Yan'an and arrived in Lan County in early June. Arrived at Wutai in mid-June.Before arriving at Wutai, he wrote the following report: "Medical technology: quite poor. There are no qualified doctors, and no medical students. Doctors lack basic knowledge of surgical principles, disinfection, antiseptic, etc." "Hospital equipment: very poor. No bed pans, bedpans, sheets, pillows, only fifty quilts for the seriously wounded... No Duckling's douche, rubber tubes, enemas, There are no rubber mats and gloves. There are only a dozen pieces of wood used as splints..." "Food: not enough. There is almost no meat, eggs, milk and other food..." Be it Bethune or Li De, when these foreigners came to China and sincerely helped the Chinese revolution, it was inevitable that they did not understand the situation, or even did not understand the situation at all. Starting from the knowledge and training they had received, they issued some orders and accusations that were not quite suitable for our revolutionary situation. The key is our Chinese comrades. Should we learn from their experience, give full play to their strengths, and guide them to understand the real situation in China, or should we enshrine their experience as a god and take their words as instructions, "one sentence is worth ten thousand sentences"?They are teachers and students at the same time.If you don’t grasp this point, don’t guide them to learn and understand the specific practice of the Chinese revolution, and don’t use facts to prove to them that some of their things are out of touch with the real situation in China, the result will instead limit the role they should have played. Comrades who held Li De high and high ended up harming Li De. In northern Shaanxi in 1936, Li De once admitted to Edgar Snow with deep emotion that Western methods of warfare may not always work in China.He said: "The main tactics to be adopted under certain circumstances must be determined by the psychology and traditions of the Chinese people, and by the characteristics of China's military experience. Chinese comrades know better than us the correct tactics for fighting a revolutionary war in their own country." He didn't get nothing. Wu Xiuquan later said: "Li De's power was not won by himself, but was handed over to him by the head of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The main responsibility for the failure should be the Chinese comrades themselves." For more than seven years in the cause of the liberation of the Chinese people, this kind of dedication is still advisable. But at that time we put him in the wrong position in the leadership....His mistakes have subjective reasons, but also have objective factors, that is, from the Communist International Instructions, especially the erroneous line of Wang Ming’s left-leaning opportunism within the CCP. We should all analyze this more objectively and realistically.” Bethune later finally understood the difficult revolutionary war environment in China.He sincerely apologized to those Chinese doctors who completed the treatment with simple equipment in a simple environment.The photo of him bowing down and performing the operation in a simple ruined temple has become the portrayal of Bethune's image in the minds of most Chinese people.The operation in that place certainly did not meet the requirements of Western medicine, but it is precisely this photo that vividly shows the touching scene of this foreign expert's dedication to the Chinese revolution, and has become one of the most moving images in Bethune's life. After his death, Mao Zedong wrote a special article "In memory of Bethune", praising him as a noble person, a pure person, a moral person, a person who got rid of vulgar interests, and a person who benefited the people. This article later became the well-known "old three articles". This Canadian, who enjoys high prestige among more than one billion Chinese people, has finally made his own people know about this hero.More than 30 years after his death, the Canadian government built a statue of Bethune in his hometown as a symbol of China-Canada friendship. There is also Li De's superior, Sorge, the head of the Shanghai Group of the Soviet General Staff. Sorge transferred from Shanghai to Japan after 1933.Because the biggest threat to the Soviet Union in the East is Japan.In the first two years, he did not provide information and only laid the foundation.He immersed himself in reading a large number of books on Japanese politics and economy, published many unique articles in newspapers and periodicals, and even joined the Nazi Party in 1934.By the middle of 1936, Sorge's position in Japan had been fairly consolidated, and he began to work officially.From January 1936 to October 1941, he reported 806 telegrams to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks).Not counting the large amount of documents reported through the courier during this period. He reported on the preparations of Germany and Japan to sign the "Anti-Comintern Pact" in November 1936, the causes and nature of the Kwantung Army's military provocations on the Manchurian-Mongolian border in the first half of 1936 and mid-1939; Japan's invasion of China in 1937 The deployment and deployment of the Japanese army during the war; Hitler’s preparations for Germany’s invasion of Poland in January 1939; the German invasion of France and its main strategic assault; Japan’s establishment of the Wang Jingwei puppet government in China, etc.What is especially important is that Sorge reported in a timely and accurate manner the preparations and date of fascist Germany’s attack on the Soviet Union; the full combat strength and deployment of the Japanese army in mainland China, North Korea, and Japan; he also listed in detail the various Japanese armies, The list of division commanders; the production capacity of Japan's aviation industry and tank manufacturing industry; the situation of Japan's strategic oil reserves. It is a pity that Stalin did not pay attention to the date reported by Sorge that Hitler was preparing to attack the Soviet Union.The Soviet Red Army paid a very heavy price for this.The Japanese intelligence collected by Sorge was valued by Stalin.Based on this, the Soviet General Staff transferred a large number of troops from the east to the western battlefield of the Soviet Union, and finally turned the defeat of the Soviet army into victory under the city of Moscow. In the history of Soviet intelligence, there is no such outstanding staff member as Sorge. The successful Sorge took it lightly.Japan's special high-tech has long been paying attention to him, but he doesn't know this. In October 1941, Ozaki Hidemi, an important member of Sorge's team, was arrested by TKO.Since Hidemi Ozaki was the adviser and secretary of Prime Minister Konoe, the Konoe cabinet immediately collapsed. The first document signed by the new Prime Minister Hideki Tojo after taking office was to arrest Sorge.In prison, Sorge has always believed that he can get the great rescue of the Soviet government like Niu Lan and his wife.But Moscow remained silent during the interrogation and sentencing.The Soviet government did not exchange him for spies, as Sorge expected. On November 7, 1944, Sorge and Hidemi Ozaki were hanged at Kamosuke Prison in Tokyo - the prison where Class A war criminals were held after Japan's unconditional surrender.This day is the anniversary of the October Revolution in the Soviet Union.Sorge asked to be allowed to die on this day. Sorge remained an unsung hero for quite some time after his death.The Soviet government has always denied that he had any relationship with the Soviet Union. In 1964, 20 years after Sorge's sacrifice, the Soviet government officially awarded him the title of "Hero of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics" and awarded him the Order of Lenin; a street in Baku, the birthplace of Sorge, was named "Sorge Street". A tanker was also named "Sorge". In 1965, the Soviet government also issued a stamp commemorating Sorge.Whether compared with Bethune or Sorge, Li De is nothing. Li De died in 1974.No German government in the past and no future will think of erecting a statue of him as a symbol of China-Germany friendship.No Chinese Communist would consider him a hero of the Chinese revolution. But he also traveled thousands of miles to China.As the only foreigner who entered the Central Soviet Area under the white terror environment, he took a greater risk than Bethune. Moreover, he took part in the most arduous 25,000-mile Long March in the Chinese revolution, which reborn the Chinese Communists like a phoenix.He has contributed to the Chinese revolution for more than seven years, and they have gone through the most difficult journey together, and they have endured greater hardships than Sorge. But he was overrated.He fell heavily from a very high place and was smashed to pieces. He could no longer become Bethune and Sorge. He could only become what anyone who studies the history of the Communist Party of China, the history of the Red Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants, and the history of the 25,000-mile Long March would want to be with. Li De, who did his calculations. In the 1990s, China invited a foreign coach Schlapner from Germany. At that time, football was becoming the most concerned sport in China.Deng Xiaoping saw it, Jiang Zemin saw it, and ordinary people saw it even more.I cheered and watched when I won the ball, and watched while cursing when I lost the ball.If you don't score a goal for a long time, and the two sides kicked the game limply, you swear that you won't watch it next time, and next time you turn on the TV, you will sit there and watch it blankly. After 20 years of watching, the level of Chinese football has not been seen. So change coaches, choose coaches, and hire foreign coaches. So came Shrapner.Originally looking for a foreign coach, I wanted to learn more about the training situation abroad and learn some advanced training methods, but everyone thought that there was a great savior, and the press added fuel to praise him, and the big newspapers and tabloids "Shi "Uncle" and "Uncle Shi" yelled fiercely, turning a man into a god. The team led by Schlappner still lost the game.Seeing that he is no more than a mortal, the title of "Uncle Shi" has also become "Old Man Shi" and eventually "Old Man Shi". Schlappner and Li De are from the same hometown and are both Germans.He has his advantages as well as his disadvantages.He trains rigorously and demands high standards.But when I came to China to teach football, I didn't know much about Chinese culture, living habits, and ways of thinking, and I couldn't bring Chinese football back to life with just a few flips. At the beginning, they pinned their hopes on Li De, hoping that he would bring advanced strategies and tactics to smash Chiang Kai-shek's "encirclement and suppression". Although it is just football, Schlappner in the 1990s is also quite like Li De in the 1930s. What is the real lesson for us who praise foreigners first and scold them later?where again? Li De was awkwardly caught between Hannagan of the Beiyang Navy and Schlapner of the National Olympic Team. Mao Zedong wrote "Farewell, Leighton Stuart" in 1949. In 1939, he did not write an article "Farewell, Li De". In the 1990s, no one wrote "Farewell, Shrapna". No one wrote it, and it didn't matter. The "Internationale", which was born in 1888, sang: There has never been a savior. There is also the vanguard of the "September 18th" Incident and the most strategically minded Ishihara Wanji in the Showa warlord group. In 1931, because the three eastern provinces of China could not be directly annexed, Ishihara smiled and burst into tears. After the July 7th Incident in 1937, his attitude changed wonderfully: he disapproved of expanding the war of aggression against China. At that time, Wanji Ishihara had been promoted from the combat staff officer of the Kwantung Army to the chief of operations of the Japanese Army Staff Headquarters.Minister of War Sugiyama Moto boasted that going to Haikou "solved the incident in about a month", but Ishihara Wanji didn't think so.He felt that if Zhang Xueliang's Northeast Army and Chiang Kai-shek's Central Army were the enemy, the Japanese army would be sure to win the battle, but if the entire Chinese nation was the enemy, it would be very difficult for Japan to get out of it.He advocated that preparations for war against the Soviet Union should be given top priority and that the war of aggression against China should not be expanded. Before the Japanese army invaded Nanjing, Ishihara Waner saw that China's resistance was so strong, and he even advocated an early peace, thinking that otherwise Japan would fall into the quagmire of China and could not extricate itself.This will not only strengthen China's will to resist Japan, but will also strengthen the Chinese Communist Party.Therefore, we should make peace with Chiang Kai-shek while he still has the power to rule the country. At that time, the Japanese government also considered making peace with China through German mediation.However, after the Japanese army occupied Nanjing, public opinion in Japan generally believed that complete victory was within reach, and it was inappropriate to propose peace talks with China, which was about to be defeated. In this debate, the party in favor of expanding the war of aggression against China won because of the support of the emperor.Ishihara Wanji is the loser. At this time, Emperor Hirohito discovered another problem. At the beginning of September 1937, Hirohito proposed to set up the Imperial Base Camp in Miyagi, but the base camp was not formed until mid-November, partly because of the delay in the war in Shanghai, and partly because some instructions he gave to the General Staff Headquarters were rejected by Major General Ishihara Kanji Shelved. Ishihara said he forgot. The bold Ishihara was still so bold when he became the Minister of War, and even dealt with the emperor's instructions that did not suit his wishes. Hirohito showed his anger quietly.Ishihara Wanji was dismissed from the position of Minister of Operations and transferred to the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army as an assistant to Chief of Staff Hideki Tojo.Shimomura, who supported the expansion of the war of aggression against China, was appointed as the Minister of Operations. Ishihara, who failed, was expected to win: Japan was submerged in the vast ocean of the Chinese nation's national war of resistance; the Chinese Communist Party achieved great development in this war. Ishihara Wanji - the only remaining figure with the most strategic mind in the Showa warlord group whose crazy profits make him stunned. After Ishihara fell out of favor, he was enlisted in the reserve force in 1941. Later, he became a university professor and organized the East Asian Alliance Movement in the civil society.After World War II, he occupied an important position in the Japanese right-wing camp. In 1949, when the Chinese revolution achieved a decisive victory, Ishihara Wanji passed away quietly. Ishihara Kanji's portraits, books and those unfinished crazy ideas must be well preserved in the home of his son Ishihara Shintaro. Kita Ikki, who made Japanese fascist theory out of water rice balls, was not as lucky as Ishihara Kanji.Bei Yihui was arrested in 1936 as the mastermind behind the "February 26 Incident" and was sentenced to death in August 1937. In comparison, another Japanese fascist originator, Shuaki Okawa, was more fortunate. In 1932, he was arrested for financing the assassination of Prime Minister Inukai Takeshi by a naval officer and sentenced to 9 years in prison. He was pardoned and released from prison in 1937, and served as the top advisor of the East Asia Economic Research Bureau and the mainland minister of Hosei University.After World War II, he was arrested as a Class A war criminal, and later released in 1948 due to insanity.He was regarded as an abnormal person from then on, and died in 1957. Sadao Araki, the founder of the "Imperial Army" in Japan and the leader of the Kodo faction, lived to be 90 years old. This Class A war criminal who had read "Das Kapital" in his early years was free from disasters after World War II.He has been recording files since the 1920s, collecting various secret materials.When Hirohito purged the Changzhou domain in 1925, he also served as the commander of the secret police, which greatly supplemented his secret information. In 1935, he revealed a little information, which led to the emperor abandoning Nagata Tieshan, the number one character in "Sanyuwu".Araki kept these files with him until his death in 1967, and there are many things that are not good for Emperor Hirohito.But Araki is an old fox. He revealed that every page in the file has been photocopied, and the photocopies are sealed and kept by a reliable friend. If something happens to him, these documents will be unsealed and published. There are so many conspiratorial connoisseurs around Hirohito, but they can't do anything about this old thing. Sadao Araki passed away safely.The safe containing the files is still kept in his home. There is also that Chiang Kai-shek who even dreamed of counterattacking the mainland in Taiwan. In October 1956, Mao Zedong said in a talk that if Taiwan returned to the motherland, "everything can go on as usual."Mao Zedong also said: As long as Taiwan cuts off relations with the United States, it can send representatives back to participate in the National People's Congress and the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.Zhou Enlai explained in detail that it is only natural for Jiang Jingguo and others to be placed in the National People's Congress or the CPPCC.Chiang Kai-shek will always make arrangements at the central government in the future.Taiwan is still under their control. If Chen Cheng is willing to do it, Jiang Jingguo has no choice but to let him be the deputy.In fact, both Chen Cheng and Jiang Jingguo wanted to do something.If Chen Cheng wishes to work in the central government, Chiang Ching-kuo can also work in the central government if he is not under Fu Zuoyi. On May 22, 1960, at the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong discussed and determined the general policy for the Taiwan issue: Taiwan would rather be placed in the hands of Chiang and his sons than in the hands of the Americans.The central government believes that we can wait for Chiang. The task of liberating Taiwan does not necessarily have to be completed by our generation, but can be left to the next generation.Jiang also has difficulties coming over now, so he needs to gradually create some conditions and wait for the time to mature. Later, Zhou Enlai repeatedly took care of the United Front Work Department to take good care of the life of Yu Youren's ex-wife in Xi'an.Zhou Enlai also asked relevant people to send photos of "the tomb in Fenghua Lu is still there, and the flowers and plants in Xikou are unharmed" to Taiwan, and arranged for Chiang Kai-shek's brother-in-law Mao Maoqing who lived in Shanghai to be a member of the Zhejiang Provincial Political Consultative Conference, and asked them to take care of Chiang Kai-shek's relatives and relatives in Fenghua, Zhejiang. Chen Cheng's older sister in Qingtian, Zhejiang. Time is running out for this generation. April 5, 1975, the Lunar Qingming Festival.At 8:15 in the morning, Chiang Kai-shek woke up and walked out of the bedroom in the Shilin official residence at the foot of the grassy hill in the suburbs of Taipei.The medical team monitoring his health day and night wrote down on a routine medical record card: "Last night, Mr. Jiang slept soundly, so he was in good spirits." At 11:50 that night, Chiang Kai-shek died in his bedroom at the age of 89. In the middle of the night, military and political officials of the Kuomintang in Taiwan came one after another, lined up one by one, and signed Chiang Kai-shek's will. The will is not long, more than three hundred words.Most of them are old sayings that others are already familiar with.To remember or not to remember, seems irrelevant. Besides, which future is maintained by the will. On the night of Chiang Kai-shek's death, Chiang Ching-kuo and Song Meiling agreed on Chiang's funeral, "temporarily house Chiang Kai-shek's coffin on the shore of Cihu Lake, 60 kilometers south of Taipei City." Backed by Caoling Mountain, Cihu Lake is green and clear all year round, just like Xikou in Fenghua, Zhejiang, the hometown of Jiangnan Jiang.During his lifetime, Jiang built a "palace" of Chinese courtyard houses here, and he often came here to live for a while, and asked his coffin to be temporarily housed here after his death, in order to be buried in his hometown in mainland China in the future. Throughout his life in Taiwan, Chiang has been gazing at the mountains and rivers of his homeland, which he cannot get close to.Most of his residences in Taiwan are similar to those in his hometown.For example, Jiaoban Mountain, which he loves most, and the lakeside of Daxi Cihu, where the "temporary coffin" is located, are all the Jiangsu and Zhejiang customs in his mind.Because the Muzilan Forest Area faces the confluence of the Lanyang, Duowang and Tiangul streams, whenever a typhoon passes by, the mountain torrents gather in the valley. Looking down from the height of the Muzilan, it looks like the majestic Qiantang River tide , Chiang Kai-shek also set up a residence here, as an extension of nostalgia. He knew that he couldn't do it in this life, so he pinned his hope on the next life. Chen Cheng, the vanguard of the Kuomintang's "encirclement and suppression" of the Soviet area and who once caused heavy losses to the Red Army, started land reform after arriving in Taiwan.The reason for this is that he has seized the main reason for the Kuomintang's defeat on the mainland.Chen Cheng said that Taiwan's implementation of land reform is "an objective need that cannot be taken into account despite all difficulties"; the fact is obvious that without land reform, even the rule in Taiwan cannot be maintained. Chen Cheng divided land reform into three steps.The first step is to reduce the rent by 375%, that is, the maximum land rent shall not exceed 37.5% of the annual harvest of major crops; the second step is to release the public land, and conditionally transfer the ownership of the cultivated land held by the Taiwan authorities to farmers.The third step is the land to the tiller.Expropriate the excess land from landlords in the form of objects and stocks, and transfer it to farmers. He explained to the landlords by means of inviting meals, earnest talks and visits: "The three-seven-five rent reduction, on the one hand, relieves the pain and burden of the tenant farmers, but actually protects and helps the landlords." The July 5th rent reduction can avoid the bloody struggle of communism, moderate the relationship between landlords and peasants, and gradually achieve the goal of people's livelihood." This can be said to be Chen Cheng's "reflection" on the failure of the mainland.While speaking, Chen Cheng didn't know if there would be a few traces of desolation of regret that was too late. Chen Cheng's land reform basically stabilized Taiwan's political situation.The feudal tenancy relationship was basically destroyed.A large number of landless peasants became owner farmers.Grain production has been greatly increased, and class conflicts have been relatively eased, stabilizing the rule of the Kuomintang. Chen Cheng, the titan who "encircled and suppressed" the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, eventually became famous as an expert in land reform.His book "Taiwan's Land Reform Outline" was translated into English, French, German, Spanish, and Arabic. It became popular all over the world and became an important reference material for many countries when implementing land reform. Such an ending must have been unexpected for this person who has been in the army for most of his life and is determined to save China. Chen Cheng's attitude towards the Chinese Communist Party has always been very reserved. During his visit to the United States in August 1961, the Americans wooed him and showed him the records of the Sino-US ambassadorial negotiations since 1955.After watching it, Chen Cheng said to others: "The CCP rejects all the suggestions of the United States and insists on the withdrawal of the US fleet and armed forces from Taiwan. It is free from treachery and does not seek quick gains. It is the demeanor of a great country." He died on March 5, 1965.Two days before his death, he could not eat anymore. He dismissed the doctors and nurses, called his eldest son Chen Luan to bring a pen and paper to his side, and dictated his last words: 1. I hope that comrades will complete the great cause of the national revolution under the leadership of the president with one heart and one mind. 2. Don't be negative. There is no distinction between land, east, west, north, and south, and people, regardless of gender, age or age. The entire country, soldiers and civilians, share this suffering. Three, the party must exist and internal unity must be achieved, and the future is promising. This last statement is intriguing.Neither "counter-offensive" nor "anti-Communist" was mentioned.Some Kuomintang members wanted to add the content of "anti-communist counterattack" to his last words, but Mrs. Chen Cheng disagreed; after finding Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Kai-shek agreed not to modify it. Chen Cheng, who was taken to Beijing by Du Zhiyuan's train in 1918, was buried on a mountainside platform at an altitude of 400 meters in Tongrong Village, Taishan Township, Taipei County in August 1965. 参加中共一大帮助组建中国共产党、又最先提出国共合作的国际代表马林，后来回到自己国家荷兰，在码头工会担任秘书。第二次世界大战期间参加了荷兰的抵抗运动，编辑秘密报纸《斯巴达克》，被德国法西斯逮捕并判处死刑，于1942年4月牺牲。 大革命失败后帮助中国共产党人制定武装反抗方针、起草《中共“八七”会议告全党党员书》的国际代表罗明纳兹，回国后担任过高加索区委第一书记，因反对斯大林过分集中的工农业政策，被指为组织反党集团，撤销了党内一切职务。1935年1月，因基洛夫事件自杀。 还有那个叱咤风云的共产国际的中国通米夫。26岁时首先提出中国革命的民主革命性质和分阶段设想，被斯大林称赞为是个贡献；后来又主持六届四中全会中共中央改组，扶持王明上台。1938年37岁时，死于斯大林的大清洗。 还有那个曾给中国革命以巨大影响的鲍罗廷。 1927年7月27日，鲍罗廷从武汉起程，离开他为之奋斗了4年的中国。当他在郑州期间，中国共产党人武装反抗蒋介石的八一南昌起义消息像火焰一样传播开来。领导这场起义的，是他的学生和崇拜者周恩来。但他什么也没有说。疟疾仍然在折磨着他。他胳膊上仍然打着石膏。他的身体已经垮了，精神也基本垮了。 8月3日，当八一南昌起义部队开始南下的时候，鲍罗廷乘车悄悄离开了郑州。 就如斯大林后来对毛泽东讲“胜利者是不受指责的”一样，在斯大林那里失败者是必受谴责的，不论斯大林原来怎样信任你抑或你实际上多么忠实于斯大林本人。“广州的列宁”鲍罗廷回国后失去了信任，当了造纸和木材联合公司副经理。他对这项新的业务一窍不通。木材和造纸与操纵国民党和共产党、指挥一场大革命完全是风马牛不相及。他极不适应，也干不好。不久被解职，去做工厂厂长。还是不称职，又一次遭到批评。 已经十分低调的鲍罗廷内心的火焰还没有熄灭。他相信还有伟大的革命在等待着他。他开始研究印度，研究在印度开展革命的可能性。但他名气太大了，不可能再去印度担当革命的代理人。德国的苏联问题专家克劳斯·梅内特说，鲍罗廷给人一种“被废弃了的火车头锈在岔道上的感觉”。 他的确像一辆锈在岔道上的旧蒸汽机车头。中国大革命对他就像消散的蒸气，成为一场遥远的梦。外国记者问他的过去，鲍罗廷总是守口如瓶。 他诸事不顺。担任《莫斯科每日新闻》主编后爆发了第二次世界大战。战争迅速夺去了他大儿子弗雷德的生命。 鲍罗廷日益变得淡泊，看破一切，与世无争。 他最后还是争了一次。 1948年底，美国记者安娜·路易斯·斯特朗告诉他，他从前的中国伙伴们马上要掌握政权了。她还带来了一本介绍中国共产主义和毛泽东的书稿。那是在延安走访了毛泽东，在解放区待了很长时间后写出来的。书中未提苏联对毛泽东理论的发展有何贡献，却着意批判了那些“曾在外国学习，特别是在莫斯科，他们能够整段背诵引用马克思、列宁和斯大林的话，对中国的实际问题则无知到了极点”的教条主义者。 这本书因此不允许在苏联出版。最后一次激动的鲍罗廷打破了对中国问题长达20年的痛苦沉默：“中国人不是在节节胜利吗？他们的理论不可能都是错的！”这是别人听到他留下来的最后一句话。 这一态度给他带来了更大的麻烦。 为毛泽东的反教条主义叫好，自己又是犹太人，鲍罗廷被扣上“民族主义者”、“同外国民族主义者有牵连”的帽子。他1903年脱离“崩得”加入布尔什维克。到了1949年，仍然被认为是一个“崩得”。 1949年2月4日，鲍罗廷在莫斯科被捕入狱，被认定为苏维埃政权的敌人。 此时中国共产党领导的中国人民解放军已经结束三大战役，全国胜利指日可待。 鲍罗廷活到67岁。1953年9月3日，《纽约时报》驻莫斯科记者哈里森·索尔兹伯里首先报道了鲍罗廷去世的消息。他死在伊尔库茨克附近的一个集中营里。时间是1951年5月29日。他在集中营仅仅活了两年。 美国迈阿密大学政治学教授丹尼尔·雅各布斯说：“这颗曾在中国上空闪烁得如此光亮而短促的明星，燃为难以寻觅的灰烬，融合在西伯利亚劳改营外冰冷的土地之中。” 1957年1月，周恩来总理访问苏联。繁忙的外交活动之余，他特意抽时间拜访鲍罗廷的夫人法尼亚·谢苗诺夫娜。20年代在中国，人们习惯称她为“范娅”。憔悴的谢苗诺夫娜拿出一张鲍罗廷身穿中国丝绸衬衫的照片，和一条她用俄文绣的“永恒的友谊和纪念”的丝巾递给周恩来。端详着泛黄照片上三十多年前的鲍罗廷，和渗透着衷心祝愿的丝巾，周恩来千言万语一时难以启口。他紧紧握住谢苗诺夫娜的手，说：“请多多保重。凡是帮助过中国革命的外国友人，中国人民都不会忘记。中国共产党和中国人民会永远记住鲍罗廷。” 鲍罗廷一直到1964年才恢复名誉。起因是中苏分裂。莫斯科为证明苏联长期以来一直关心中国革命，重新抬出了鲍罗廷。 1964年6月30日，鲍罗廷80岁诞辰。当年广州的同伴切列潘诺夫将军在《莫斯科真理报》里页上发表文章：《一个列宁主义的革命者》，旁边附有一张鲍罗廷在中国拍的照片。结尾处说：“1949年2月，在斯大林搞个人崇拜期间，MM鲍罗廷开始遭受迫害，并于1951年去世。现在，党已为他恢复了名誉。” 因为中国，他失掉了名誉。又因为中国，他恢复了名誉。 鲍罗廷曾经有过许多头衔，许多化名；参加过许多组织，经历过许多风浪。活着的时候有人请他讲讲传奇经历，他说过这样一句话：“我是在冰天雪地里出生的……在阳光下长大，不是吗？还有什么好说的？” 当鲍罗廷回国去搞木材和造纸的时候，陈独秀在国内成了托派领袖。他1932年10月在上海被捕，国民党江苏省高等法院审讯他，名律师章士钊自告奋勇为他辩护。为不致罪，章士钊说陈独秀是三民主义的信徒，议会政治的政客，组织托派也为反共等；章士钊辩护词未完，陈独秀拍案而起：“章律师之辩护，全系个人之意见，至本人之政治主张，应以本人文件为根据。” 他所说的“本人文件”，即审讯前两个月写好的《陈独秀自撰辩诉状》：“予行年五十有五矣，弱冠以来，反抗清帝，反抗北洋军阀，反抗封建思想，反抗帝国主义，奔走呼号，以谋改造中国者，于今三十余年。前半期，即五四以前的运动，专在知识分子方面；后半期，乃转向工农劳苦人民方面。盖以大战后，世界革命大势及国内状况所昭示，使予不得不有此转变也。” “唯有最受压迫最革命的工农劳苦人民与全世界反帝国主义反军阀官僚的无产阶级势力，联合一气，以革命怒潮，对外排除帝国主义之宰割，对内扫荡军阀官僚之压迫；然后中国的民族解放，国家独立与统一，发展经济，提高一般人民的生活，始可得而期。工农劳苦人民解放斗争，与中国民族解放斗争，势已合流并进，而不可分离。此即予五四运动以后开始组织中国共产党之原因也。” 陈独秀的老朋友、国民党元老柏烈武（柏文蔚）后来对陈松年说：“你父亲老了还是那个脾气，想当英雄豪杰，好多朋友想在法庭上帮他忙也帮不上。给他改供词，他还要改正过来。” 陈独秀1942年5月病逝于四川江津。 死前贫病交加，但风骨不改。已是国民党官僚的当年北大学人罗家伦、傅斯年亲自上门给他送钱，他不要，说：“你们做你们的大官，发你们的大财，我不要你们的救济。”弄得二人十分尴尬。国民党交通部长、当年在北大教德文的朱家骅赠他5000元支票一张，他拒之。朱托张国焘转赠，又拒之。张国焘再托郑学稼寄赠，还是不收。他在江津住两间厢房，上无天花板，下是潮湿的泥地；遇大雨满屋是水。屋内仅有两架木床，一张书桌，几条凳子和几个装满书籍的箱子。 唯一的装饰，是墙上挂着一幅岳飞写的4个大字的拓片：“还我河山”。 中国有句老话，叫做“盖棺论定”。一个人死了，装进棺材钉住，他的历史便完结了。既不会爬出来为将来增添什么，也不可能把过去再减少一点儿，可以对其一生功过是非作评定了。 这也是理想。凡在历史上发生过重大影响的人物，往往在“盖棺”很久之后，人们仍在对他争论不休。陈独秀就是这样的人。他最先鼓吹革命，后来又走上另一条道路。中国的大革命为什么失败，他犯了什么错误，负有怎样的责任，中国社会究竟是怎样的性质，中国革命究竟是怎样的性质，中国革命到底应该怎样革法……他以不惑的气概迎接这个世界，又带着一个又一个不解之思索，离开了这个世界。 陈独秀生前说：“我愿意说极正确的话，也愿意说极错误的话，绝对不愿意说不错又不对的话。” 文化大革命中，因墓碑早毁，四周杂草丛生莫辨，使他免受了如瞿秋白墓地那样掘骨扬灰之灾。1979年开始重新评价陈独秀。中共中央批准安庆市政府拨款重修陈独秀墓地。 时代不一样了。陈独秀的墓碑上，既没有极正确的话，也没有极错误的话，更没有不错又不对的话。简朴的碑石正面只有5个大字：陈独秀之墓。碑石背面记载生卒年代：一八七九年十月九日至一九四二年五月二十七日。 这位中国一代青年学子的思想启蒙者、向旧营垒冲锋陷阵的英勇斗士，随着“大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物”的滔滔江流，最终回归到了自己的出生地。 1946年4月7日，重庆八路军办事处向延安拍发电报：博古、王若飞、叶挺、邓发于4月8日上午飞往延安。 4月8日下午1时，毛泽东、朱德、任弼时、林伯渠等陆续来到机场迎接。天空阴云密布，又下起了细雨。传来了飞机声，但又逐渐远去了。一直等到下午4时，失望且不安的人们才逐渐离去。 第二天，晋西北兴县村民上山打柴，才发现摔毁的飞机机身及遇难者的尸体。随后赶来的人们，在现场找到了博古的印章。这位24岁出任中共临时中央总负责人的博古，不到42岁便完结了自己生命的全程。 公祭大会上，由康生代表中共中央宣读祭文：“你们每一个人，都是从最年轻的时候，就勇敢地投入中国人民民族斗争和民主斗争的行列”；“你们为了人民的自由，自愿选择了极端自我牺牲的道路，你们做了光荣的中国共产党的党员和战友”；“亲爱的同志们！我们永远记得你们为什么牺牲”。 郭沫若则在《新华日报》发表一首悼念博古的自由体长诗，其中有一句：“我听见鸱鸪的叫声，说是'秦邦宪死于秦'。” 1956年1月，王明以治病为由起程赴莫斯科，从此再未回国。行前曾写信给中共中央，要求解除他的中央委员职务，“等我的病好到可以工作时，再由组织另行分配工作。” 他的病再也未好。所以再也无须组织另行分配。 他死前写有一篇《非不为也，是不能！》：“我而今只剩下个有翅难展的多病之身，但还留有腾空奋斗的战士之心。不过，我只能：在好长的时间里，吟咏出若干首述怀诗句，在好长的岁月里，倾吐出几篇反毛论文。而且这我还只能躺在床上口讲，写和译还要靠全家人。知我者说，我确是在战斗到最后的时刻。不知我者说，我真是个天下少见的懒人。” 1974年3月，这个战斗到最后的懒人在莫斯科去世，享年70岁。其妻孟庆树说，王明本来还打算写一本批判毛泽东思想的书，未来得及完成这一计划就去世了。 这个人至死不服。 延安整风后期，当时刚从苏联回国不久的师哲，看见延安批判王明的那些东西哪里是王明自己的，分明是共产国际和斯大林的，于是他百思不得其解地问毛泽东：我们与王明的真正分歧到底在哪里？毛泽东沉默片刻，说了这样一句：他为别人考虑得太多了，为我们自己考虑得太少了。 也正是这句话，让师哲豁然醒悟。 王明在苏联去世第二天，《真理报》刊登文章，称其为“国际共产的老战士”，“苏联的老朋友”，他的“形象将铭记在苏联人民的心中”。 他的形象却不会铭记在中国人民心中。 一个中国人，长期以别国的利益为中心利益，以别国的目标为中心目标，以别国的指示为最高指示，这样的“共产主义战士”，中国还是少几个为好。 所以，他无法活在中国人民心中。 1938年4月4日清明节，张国焘代表边区政府祭轩辕黄帝。到黄帝陵所在的中部县（今黄陵县），国民党陕西省政府主席蒋鼎文也到了，双方站在一起同时祭陵。张国焘悄声对蒋鼎文说了一句：“我想和你多谈谈。”蒋会意，当即吩咐自己的随从将张国焘的警卫隔开。张国焘上了蒋鼎文的车又说了一句：“我想见见蒋委员长！”就这样去了西安。在西安，林伯渠赶来对张国焘说，党内有什么问题都好商量，要张先回延安，张坚决不从。在汉口，李克农率人把他从火车站劫走，他逃掉；又派人追踪他，把他“请”到八路军办事处，他又逃掉；来来回回三“请”三逃。其中一次李克农架着张国焘上车，周恩来挽着张另一只臂膊，张大叫：“绑架啊！”国民党人士上来询问，幸亏周恩来有国民政府军事委员会政治部副主任的身份，同样高声回答：“没有你们的事，我们要带这个人去看病！”顺手把张国焘推进汽车，才脱险而去。但不论周恩来如何煞费苦心地劝说，张国焘依然一意孤行，最后甚至说：“你们要杀我或者枪毙我，就在这个旅馆行事吧！”脱党意志如此决绝，不知当初入党时是否也像这样坚定？ 1938年4月18日，中共中央宣布开除张国焘党籍。 张国焘后来加入了戴笠的军统，主持“特种政治问题研究室”、“特种政治工作人员训练班”。堂堂中国共产党第一次代表大会的主持人、中华苏维埃共和国临时中央政府副主席、中国工农红军总政治委员，竟然扛着蒋介石给的中将军衔开始从事起下作的特务活动。 1948年11月，在人民解放军与蒋军展开战略决战的轰轰炮声之中，张国焘悄悄去了台湾。1949年又悄悄离开台湾，移居香港。1968年，大陆文化大革命波及香港，他又悄悄离开香港，移居加拿大多伦多。与狂飙突进的历史相较，他似乎成了一道憧憧的鬼影。 张国焘的妻子杨子烈晚年在香港说，张国焘“以近七旬之年，安贫乐道，昔日恩怨得失，早已无意计较。他常说：'在中国舞台上，我以往是个演员，现在仅是个观众，总希望能少看到些悲剧才好。'” 张国焘晚年贫病交加。1973年圣诞节前夕突然中风，右手右脚麻痹，从儿子家中被送入养老院。1978年在养老院中皈依基督教。为其施洗的章力生博士十分感慨：“一生为其信仰奋斗牺牲的唯物无神主义者竟能谦卑顺服，真切悔悟，在其八十余岁的晚年，做了神的儿女。” 1979年12月一个鹅毛大雪的严寒之天，张国焘被冻死于多伦多那所他住了6年的养老院。据说死前因病痛折磨，从床上翻滚掉下来，竟然一夜无人发现。 死后两日，旧金山英文报载如下消息：“中国共产党创始12人之最后一人张国焘在加拿大多伦多养老院逝世。” 最后的清醒之中，他可记得44年前的1935年6月26日骑一匹白色骏马，由十余骑警卫簇拥飞驰两河口，毛泽东率领政治局全体委员走出三里，立于雨中恭候的情景？ 张国焘由红四方面军领导者变成了国民党的将军，张学良则由东北军领导人变成了国民党的囚徒。 1989年6月1日，张学良在台湾对远道从美国来看他的王冀教授，谈起他平时最讳言的西安事变：“我是不是有私心在里头？我是不是为我自己利益？我是不是问心无愧？好了，没有，我问心无愧，我没有私心。我敢给你说，我做那件事（西安事变）没有私人利益在里头。我没做过与我私人地位、利益有关系的东西，我没有。假使我自个有地位利益就没有西安事变。我跟你说，我大权在握，富贵在手，我什么都不要。所以，蒋先生也能原谅我。我跟蒋先生是要钱？我是管他要地盘？我没有。我牺牲我自己。牺牲我自己为什么？我第一个问题就是：不要打了。我说我们与共产党打什么呢？都是中国人，打什么呢？都是政治问题，不是不可谈的嘛，所以后来谈是我的主张。而且我对蒋公讲，我说共产党你也剿不了。他说为什么？我说共产党有人心，我们没人心。” 这一天是张学良的89岁寿辰。 2001年10月14日，张学良在檀香山去世，享年101岁。 在夏威夷瓦胡岛一处叫做“庙谷”的青山绿地之间，成为张学良和夫人赵一荻的合葬之地。简朴的墓碑上没有任何头衔，没有任何称谓，只写有：张学良1901-2001 赵一荻1912-2000 连两人的生卒年代也如此简练，仅4个阿拉伯数字：“0”、“1”、“2”、“9”，多一个都毫无所用。 还需要什么呢？上面的姓名，下面的年代，已经在诉说那个天翻地覆的时代所发生的一切。 墓园旁边低矮的一段石墙上，录有《约翰福音》第11章第25节：复活在我生命也在我 信我的人虽然死了 亦必复活。 张学良与张国焘一样，晚年皈依了基督教。他们二人都被认为是本阵营的叛将。二人最终都葬在了异国他乡。他们二人的根本差别在于孙中山那句话：“历史潮流浩浩荡荡，顺之则昌，逆之则亡。”张国焘逆历史潮流而行，只能被大潮卷走，无声无息。张学良顺应了历史潮流，他会长久活在所有中国人和全世界所有华人的记忆中。 “复活在我，生命也在我”也包含这样的意思在其中？ 在张学良的追思公祭仪式上，宋美龄送的十字花架分外醒目。这位19世纪末出生、生命横跨三个世纪的蒋介石夫人，得知张学良过世的消息后，把自己关在房间里，连续数日沉默不语。很难找到另外一个人像宋美龄这样，一生中目睹如此之多的风雨烟云：眼看国民党1949年丢掉了大陆、2000年丢掉了台湾，她丈夫和她终生为之奋斗的东西，一件又一件在眼前灰飞烟灭。 国民党丢失台湾政权后，她不再让身边任何人提台湾岛内的情况。 定居纽约的宋美龄晚年头脑十分清楚，但寂寞、封闭，变得愈来愈沉默。她很少说话，多数时候静坐在轮椅上沉思、祷告，或一个人静静欣赏自己以前画的国画，一幅一幅慢慢回味，沉思往事。她经