Chapter 27 Masking and Memory

⊙Yuan Kewen is not only good at calligraphy, but also good at painting. In 1924, he drew a picture of a pine tree. The pine tree has only one trunk and one branch, without a single needle. ⊙In June 1911, Chinese merchants in Yokohama wrote to the Japanese government to protest against allowing Kang Youwei to enter the country, saying that "If Kang Youwei was only a political prisoner, your government can entertain him, but now he is a private criminal who murdered for money. Your country entertains him." So, what's the point?"These Chinese businessmen also said: "The Chinese businessmen in Australia, Southeast Asia, and North and South America were intimidated by the Emperor's Association organized by Kang, and the news that they were cheated of huge sums of money spread everywhere, so everyone resented this person."

⊙According to Song Jiaoren’s diary records, on September 25, 1906, he pointed out to Huang Xing in person: “Sun Yat-sen and others are determined to revolt in the southern border of China, because they are too adventurous and radical, and they may be desperate in the future .” ⊙Mrs. Roosevelt said that Soong Meiling "talks about democracy in a clear way, but actually doesn't know what democracy is."She said in her memoirs: Once at the White House dinner, when talking about the union strike, someone asked Song Meiling: "How will you deal with it in your country?" She said nothing, raised her beautiful little hand, and compared a beautiful "" click" position.

⊙ Zheng Chaolin recalled in "Nostalgia Collection" that when the central government was in Wuhan in 1927, "it was not Chen Duxiu who decided the issue, but the Big Three (Qu Qiubai, Zhang Guotao, Tan Pingshan) decided the issue."Before the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, "the Comintern had already planned to replace Chen Duxiu, but it couldn't find a suitable successor for a while." ⊙In a secret conversation with Ariyoshiaki, the Japanese consul in Shanghai, Chen Qimei denied the direct relationship between Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing and the Revolution of 1911. (Note: referring to the Revolution of 1911), it was also planned by us, and Sun and Huang just returned to China halfway.”

⊙On the evening of August 28, 1912, Yuan Shikai hosted a banquet for Sun Yat-sen and his wife Lu Muzhen at the Presidential Palace.Yuan praised Sun Bei in his speech, and shouted: "Long live Mr. Zhongshan!" Long live the President! Long live the Republic of China! Long live the five major nations!" ⊙On the day of the "August 1st" Uprising, Ye Ting and He Long sent telegrams to Zhang Fakui respectively, hoping that he would come to Nanchang for a meeting and join the revolution together.So Zhang took Li Hanhun and the guard battalion to go there by special train, but they were blocked by Zhou Shidi's regiment at Mahuiling Station.Seeing that the situation was not good, Zhang and Li jumped off the train and ran away in embarrassment.It is reported that the two of them were shocked, each side of the railroad tracks, walked back to Jiujiang.

⊙Luo Zhanglong disclosed in his later years: Shao Piaoping is not just the boss of "Beijing News", but also a "special party member". Li Dazhao and Luo Zhanglong are his party introductions. ⊙The lawyer who defended Yanzi Li San recalled: "At that time, no one was willing to defend him. Li San was famous for robbing the rich and helping the poor, but in fact most of his property was used for eating, drinking and whoring, and distributed to the common people It's only a small part. Li San never steals from the poor, and in fact the poor have nothing for him to steal."

⊙After Wang Jingwei's body was transported to Nanjing, the job of purchasing birthday materials fell to an adjutant who had followed Wang for many years.The adjutant paid 1.4 million yuan for a coffin made of sand, but reported a cost of 2.4 million yuan, and dug up 1 million yuan at once.Everyone knew about this at the time, except Wang Jingwei's wife, Chen Bijun. ⊙Chen Pingyuan said: "In a large number of publications about Peking University, Jiang Menglin's position is quite embarrassing... In the school history written by the school organization, he is called 'a typical new bureaucrat of the Kuomintang' and 'unpopular in Peking University'. "Chen also said: "If you compare the curriculum and teaching plan of the old Peking University in the 1930s, it will make my future generations feel ashamed."

⊙After Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" coup, he met with Feng Yuxiang in Xuzhou to discuss the issue of alliance, and Feng readily agreed.Jiang then wrote in his diary that night: "Feng is a rare talent." The next day, it was rumored that Feng Yuxiang was not planning to join forces again.Jiang asked Feng for questioning. Feng said he had no money, and Jiang said, "Okay, I will give you a few million." ⊙In the early years of the Republic of China, there was no term "Xinhai Revolution".In the "Shenbao", "Ta Kung Pao" and various government bulletins at that time, terms such as "the First Uprising in Wuchang", "the establishment of the Republic", "the birth of the Republic of China", and "the Battle of 1911" were endless.In the official documents issued by Sun Yat-sen during his tenure as interim president, terms such as "Wuhan First Uprising", "Created by the Republic of China", "Recovery of the Republic of China", and "Revolution" were also used.

⊙Wang Jingwei does not prostitute, gamble or drink too much, and is called "Mr. Taoism".He once swore: "If the revolution is not successful, you will not get married." Chen Bijun fell in love with Wang Jingwei, but Wang never touched a finger of her.Later Wang Jingwei said that it was because he loved Chen Bijun so much that he didn't touch her, and he didn't want to ruin Chen Bijun's lifelong happiness.After the success of the Revolution of 1911, Wang Jingwei fulfilled his promise and married Chen Bijun.After marriage, Wang Jingwei has been strictly abiding by the principle of monogamy, and has never had any affair or sex news.

⊙Tao Xisheng was good at observing words and demeanor. In the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, someone gave him a pair of couplets: "See Wang (Wang Jingwei) for peace, see Feng (Feng Yuxiang) for war, and see Chairman Jiang for war. When encountering fascist Kuomintang and the Communist Party, they will scold them.” ⊙In his "Ying Huan Zhi Lue" published in 1849, Xu Jiyu once praised Washington: "Washington is a different person. He has the courage to conquer Guang, and he has the power to separate himself from Cao Liu. He has raised a three-foot sword and opened thousands of miles. Do not usurp titles, do not pass on to descendants, but create a method of election, which is almost public in the world... The United States of America (the United States) is a country with a territory of thousands of miles, no princely titles, no hereditary rules, and public weapons It is a public opinion, creating a situation that has never been seen in ancient and modern times, what a surprise! People from ancient and modern times in Europe and America, can Washington not be called the first!" This passage was later engraved directly on the Washington Monument in Chinese by Americans.

⊙Lu Zhengxiang served as Minister of Foreign Affairs for four times. After quitting the diplomatic circle, Lu converted to Christianity and became a monk in the St. Andrews Monastery in Brussels.Yan Huiqing made a special trip to visit his old boss and saw that Lu was poor, so he offered money to Lu, but Lu politely refused, saying that he vowed to teach in poverty. In January 1949, when Lu was seriously ill, Bishop Nan Wen, the abbot of the monastery, said to him: "China has taken half of your heart." Lu had no strength to speak, but he stretched out three fingers. It took three quarters of your heart." Lu smiled gratifiedly.

⊙In 1873, on the pretext that the sea line telegraph was often interrupted by passing ships, the Danish Great North Company openly erected a 16-kilometer dry line between Zhang Huabang and No. 12 Nanjing Road on the Bund, and set up a telegraph room.Since then, the Shanghai Concession and the outside world have formally established telegraph communication.The only benefit the Qing court got from it at that time was that all official government documents and diplomatic documents transmitted through the Dabei company line were all free of charge. ⊙After the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, Du Yuesheng participated in the anti-enemy support associations from all walks of life in Shanghai, served as a member of the presidium and director of the fundraising committee, and took the initiative to give up the private house on Dumei Road as an office.In just over a month, Du Yuesheng raised more than 1.5 million yuan in donations for national salvation, and also raised a large number of materials such as towels, cigarettes, and canned food for the army. In the later period of the "August 13" Anti-Japanese War, when Du Yuesheng learned that the Xie Jinyuan regiment stationed in the Sixing Warehouse was short of food, he sent 200,000 cakes to the Xie regiment in just one day. ⊙After the Gengzi Incident, Kang Youwei led the royalist party to carry out the "All-Party Business" campaign, but none of the businesses made a profit and suffered heavy losses.Kang Youwei, who is based in the Americas, withdraws money at will in these "party-run enterprises", spends money recklessly, and lives a life of luxury and lust.Ye En later denounced him as "arrogant", living a luxurious life "imitating European and American emperors", and "using public funds for private business". ⊙After the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, Li Yuanhong was dragged out from under the bed by his subordinates and became the leader of the revolution. Later, some people called him "the governor under the bed".At that time, the Revolutionary Army took out the pre-drawn Anmin Notice and asked Li to sign it. Li Yidong who was present was furious. He raised his gun and shouted at Li Yuanhong: "You are a slave of the Manchu Qing Dynasty. You should be killed! We will not kill you. You are still not willing to be the governor." Li then signed.Later, Li acted coyly and refused to accept the offer. Zhang Zhenwu reprimanded him for being ignorant of flattery, and declared that he would kill him to avoid any delay.Zhang was later killed by Li. ⊙When Zhang Fakui was studying in Huangpu Army Primary School, his grades were very poor, and he often took the bottom three in the exam. ⊙On July 14, 1912, the headquarters of the Tongmenghui held a staff meeting. Wei Chen, acting director of the General Affairs Department, proposed to "change the name and organize a complete political party." Cannot be changed.The vote was therefore aborted. ⊙Zhou Zuoren took care of Li Dazhao's eldest daughter, Li Xinghua, and youngest son, Li Guanghua, many times during his tenure as the pseudo-education supervisor. In 1940, with his help, Li Xinghua and Li Guanghua left Peiping for Yan'an. ⊙Dai Jitao's original name was Dai Liangbi, but he changed his name to Dai Tianqiu in the late Qing Dynasty (meaning that he and Manchuria should not live together).After the success of the revolution, Dai opened an exchange together with Chen Guofu and Chiang Kai-shek in Shanghai. He wanted to make a fortune and wanted to be Tao Zhugong, so he changed his name to Ji Tao.Later, he said that Mr. Sun Yat-sen was a sage who inherited Duke Zhou, Wenwu and Confucius. He himself always regarded himself as a sage, so he named him Chuanxian. ⊙After the "April 12" coup, the military and government of all parties competed to share.Under Deng Yanda's arrangement, Zhang Fakui's Fourth Army took in more than 3,000 Communist Party members who had been expelled from all sides.At that time, there was a saying in Wuhan: "Chiang Kai-shek slaughtered the Communist Party, Zhu Peide sent the Communist Party away, and Zhang Fakui took the Communist Party in." ⊙In order to prepare to perform abroad, Mei Lanfang personally spent 40,000 to 50,000 yuan, and Qi Rushan also posted 5,000 yuan. In the end, the travel expenses were lost, and the president of Yenching University, Leighton Stuart, helped raise them. ⊙Wang Jingwei died in Nagoya, Japan.The Japanese custom has always been cremation. Wang was tall and there was no coffin to buy for a while, and the cremation was not in line with Chinese customs. His wife Chen Bijun proposed to be transported back to Nanjing for burial. So Wang was dressed in a national dress and a chrysanthemum badge presented by the Japanese Emperor on his neck. Decorated, and then sent directly to Nanjing on the special plane "Haiyu". ⊙In 1942, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the signing of the "Nanjing Treaty", Jiang Tingfu delivered a commemorative speech in Chongqing, and published it in the newspapers in both Chinese and English. Some people attacked Jiang as the defender of British imperialism.The case finally went to Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek commented: Scholars should be free to speak and write, and the party does not have to ask about Jiang Tingfu's articles. ⊙Lu Xun called the "March 18" tragedy "the darkest day since the Republic of China", and wrote the famous "Remember Liu Hezhen".After the tragedy happened, Duan Qirui sighed deeply: "I will be famous for a lifetime, but I will be ruined once!" He rushed to the scene immediately and knelt down in front of the deceased.Duan took the blame and resigned after severely punishing the murderer, and vowed to be a vegetarian for life to show his repentance. ⊙In 1917, Prime Minister Duan Qirui put forward the following conditions for the Allied Powers to participate in the war in "Abridged Conditions for Joining the Allied Powers": 1. Stop paying indemnities to Germany and Austria, and suspend the payment of indemnities to the Allied Powers for 10 years; 2. Increase the import tariff to 7.5 %, which will increase to 12.5% ​​after the abolition of Lijin; 3. Cancel the provision in the "Xin Chou Treaty" that does not allow China to station troops in Tianjin.etc. ⊙Yang Hucheng loves to give gifts.Mrs. Deng Baoshan mentioned that the housing conditions were not good during the chat, and Yang immediately gave her a villa; Mrs. Shangguan Yunxiang talked about the high cost of smoking, and Yang immediately ordered someone to send 10 dans of tobacco, about 1,000 taels. ⊙On the eve of the "August 1st" Uprising, Wang Jingwei, Sun Ke, and Zhang Fakui held a meeting above the commanders of the Second Front Army in Lushan.Zhang Fakui ordered Ye Ting and He Long to attend the meeting, but they refused to come after they went up the mountain.Zhang Fakui said in his oral history: "It is true that the issue of peaceful division of the Communist Party was discussed on Lushan Mountain, but there was no plan to detain them." Ye Jianying went down the mountain the next day to report to the party: "Bandit Zhang is unreliable, and they have decided to deal with Ye Ting and He Long's tribe militarily." ⊙In March 1913, the first congressional election of the Republic of China, under the leadership of Song Jiaoren, the KMT held 392 of the 870 seats in the Senate and the House of Representatives, and the Republican, Democratic, and Unified parties combined only had 223 seats However, although the Kuomintang does not have more than half of the majority, it can still influence and manipulate the Senate and the House of Representatives by virtue of its absolute advantage.This move further enhanced Song Jiaoren's political enthusiasm, which also led to the assassination at the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway Station on March 20. ⊙After Li Dazhao died, Zhou Zuoren, Peking University professors Qian Xuantong, Shen Yinmo, Liu Bannong and others participated in the handling of his funeral, and hid Li Dazhao's eldest son Li Baohua in his home for more than a month.Li Baohua later recalled: "Mr. Zhou Zuoren really let me live in Zhang Zuolin's house under the white terror of Zhang Zuolin, and covered me for more than a month. He and Shen Yinmo sent me to study in Japan. He was very enthusiastic." ⊙Zhang Chonghe's ancestors were from Hefei, and his great-grandfather Zhang Shusheng's position in the Huai Army was second only to Li Hongzhang. ⊙Wang Kaiyun said in the commentary to "Yuanmingyuan Ci" that it was not the allied forces that destroyed the Old Summer Palace, but the Chinese who took advantage of the fire to loot: "The barbarians entered Beijing, and then went to the garden palace. They saw the magnificent furnishings, and they couldn't get in. They were afraid that they would be repaid with lost property. It was the barbarians who came out, but the nobles and the poor advocated leading treacherous people, pretending to be barbarians and setting fire first, and the barbarians returned and plundered." ⊙ Zhao Bingjun, prime minister of Yuan Shikai's cabinet (the mastermind of Song Jiaoren's murder, but there have been many voices of opposition recently) is the founder of China's modern police system. In August 1902, the Eight-Power Allied Forces returned Tianjin, but requested that Chinese troops not be stationed within 20 kilometers around Tianjin.Zhao led 1,500 patrol officers to station, saving a lot of face for the Qing Dynasty. ⊙In 1924, Zhou Fohai returned to China and was employed as a professor at Guangdong University with a monthly salary of 240 yuan.According to the regulations of the Communist Party of China at that time, he should pay more than 70 yuan in party fees. His wife Yang Shuhui thought that it was not easy to make money through hard work, and it was a pity to pay so much money every month, so she encouraged Zhou Fohai to quit the party.Zhou then left the Communist Party of China with excuses. ⊙Song Jiaoren said in the article "Cheng Jiatam Revolutionary Events": The first organizer and the first driving force of the China Tongmenghui was not Sun Yat-sen, but Cheng Jiatama.At that time, Cheng Jiatun called Chen Tianhua, Huang Keqiang, Song Jiaoren, Bai Yuhuan, Tian Tong, Zhang Ji, Dan Tao, Wu Yanggu, and Sun Yat-sen to discuss in his apartment. I contacted Song Jiaoren and others, and organized a welcome meeting for more than 1,300 people in Fujimi Building on August 13.At the meeting, Cheng Jiatun "said the truth of the revolution bitterly, the sound of applause shook the roof tiles, and Sun Wen was very happy." ⊙The 2.6 million taels of silver raised by the Qing government for the repair of the Summer Palace, although called "Navy Military Expenses", did not come from financial appropriations, but the private "contributions" of the governors of various provinces.Because Prince Chun Yizhen supervised the Summer Palace project and the navy construction at the same time, he deposited the money in the Tianjin foreign-funded bank in the name of "Navy Military Expenses" in order to reduce possible public opinion pressure. Unexpectedly, the effect was counterproductive. ⊙In 1937, there were 80,000 Eighth Route Army and 12,000 New Fourth Army, totaling 92,000; in 1938, 156,700 Eighth Route Army, 25,000 New Fourth Army, totaling 181,700; in 1939, 270,000 Eighth Route Army, 50,000 New Fourth Army, totaling 320,000; in 1940, Eighth Route Army 400,000, 100,000 in the New Fourth Army, 500,000 in total; 1941, 305,000 in the Eighth Route Army, 135,000 in the New Fourth Army, 440,000 in total; 340,000 in the Eighth Route Army, 110,960 in the New Fourth Army, 450,960 in total; In 1944, the Eighth Route Army had 320,800 people, and the New Fourth Army had 153,676 people, for a total of 474,476 people; in April 1945, the Eighth Route Army had 614,000 people, and the New Fourth Army had 296,000 people, for a total of 910,000 people. ⊙In the Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War, 35,000 people were killed or injured in China, 13,823 were killed and 3,973 were injured in Japan. ⊙In the autumn of 1920, Li Dazhao discussed with Zhang Shenfu about recruiting new party members. The first thing they thought of was Liu Qingyang, a May Fourth general who practiced martial arts since childhood and took Qiu Jin as his idol. Liu Qingyang refused, so the third party member was Developed Zhang Guotao. ⊙In the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Japanese ships suffered much more damage than the Beiyang Fleet.The flagship "Matsushima" was completely crippled.Yoshino deck deck equipment was swept away by artillery fire, leaving only one body. The two ships "Akagi" and "Hiei" were severely damaged, "Saikyo Maru" was almost sunk, and the other ships were also severely damaged.The damaged ships of the Beiyang Fleet were repaired less than a month after the naval battle, while the Japanese flagship "Matsushima" had not been repaired until November.Therefore, Hashidate had to be changed to the flagship to perform his duties. ⊙In 1947, Lu Lizhi, a reporter from Reform Daily, went to Tokyo to find Guo Moruo's wife Anna, and saw that her house was completely empty, and the whole family lived on a little yam.Anna burst into tears and said with a choked voice: "Dingtang (Guo Moruo's word) shouldn't be like this. Since he left, my children and I have been worried about him, but he has never heard from him, and he has completely forgotten about this family. If we say It is because of the barrier of war and the lack of information. This is also an excuse for nonsense. There are still news from the Chinese here. I read an article he wrote after he went back called "Come and Go During the Bombing", saying that he had the honor to meet Chiang Kai-shek. .” ⊙The May 4th movement set fire to the Zhaojialou, but actually it was the Caojialou (note: Cao Rulin’s house in Zhaojialou Hutong). ⊙Puyi said in a book: "Sun Dianying sent a batch of jewelry to Soong Meiling, Chiang Kai-shek's newlywed wife. As a result, the beads on Cixi's phoenix crown became ornaments on Soong Meiling's shoes. It was reported that Soong Meiling was a guest at the White House during the Anti-Japanese War. She once showed off the pearls on her shoes to show off." ⊙In 1923, the Guangzhou Municipal Health Bureau conducted a survey: the monthly rent expenditure of each household without a house accounted for 20% of the total household expenditure on average.At that time, there were 1,300 cleaners in the city, and they didn’t earn much money every month. They couldn’t afford to rent a house, so they had to build shacks on the land beside the landfill and the river.These simple houses were built on state-owned land. The Finance Bureau wanted to drive out the cleaners and put the state-owned land up for auction, which triggered a collective strike by the cleaners.After the municipal government researched, it "ordered the Finance Bureau to keep all the public land where the factories are currently set up and avoid investment." ⊙Ye Ting said: "Qixiang (Huang Qixiang) is a military genius, and he deserves the first place in the Tingsi Bridge victory." When attacking Tingsi Bridge, its regiment was the vanguard) ⊙Song Qingling’s mother, Ni Guizhen, heard that her daughter was going to marry Sun Yat-sen, and immediately expressed her objection: “You are crazy, you are crazy! He is already twice your age, and at the same time he is a married person. I will never agree to the marriage." ⊙Among the 211 civilian officials in Zeng Guofan’s Hunan Army, there are 24 Hanlin and Jinshi each, 33 Juren, and 23 scholars.And there is not even a single scholar in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Army. ⊙ Some memoir articles confirm the fact that Shao Piaoping obtained money from the Beiyang government and warlords.Li Sihao, who was the chief financial officer of the Beiyang government, said in an interview with Xu Zhucheng: "Shao Piaoping has nothing to do with Duan Pai, but because he was a famous reporter at the time, everyone was afraid of him and had to socialize. I remember giving him a pen twice. The amount of money from Shao Piaoping is quite large, and it always amounts to several thousand each time. I can’t remember exactly how much.” Wang Zhiying, who once worked with Shao Piaoping, recalled: “Mr. After scolding, Teacher Piaoping came to the door, and the enemy complained about the suffering of being scolded. The teacher laughed it off and said that it was true, and scolding was inevitable. If you want the newspaper not to be published, you can find a way to stop it.” ⊙During the 30 years from 1895 to 1924, Sun Yat-sen went to Japan 18 times to engage in revolutionary activities and lived in Japan for 9 and a half years. Among them, 16 times he came to Yokohama directly from overseas, and he lived in Yokohama for a long time Up to 8 years. ⊙Du Yuesheng's eight sons and three daughters have all received good education, and his son Du Weishan is also a famous collector and expert on ancient coins. ⊙The female army of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom once played a great role in cooperating with the men's battalion to guard Tianjing and assisting the men's battalion to go out of the city to fight. At the beginning of 1855, the Kingdom of Heaven allowed the Taiping Army and people in Tianjing and other places to restore their families, and the majority of women returned home, and the establishment of the Women's Army was also abolished. ⊙At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, telegraph operators were a very popular job, and they could get a monthly salary of 30 taels of silver.Telegraph operators during the Republic of China earned about 100 yuan a month.At that time, the annual income of British telegraph operators was only 5.8 pounds.When the famous American plutocrat Andrew Carnegie worked as a telegraph operator for the David Telegraph Company in Pittsburgh, his monthly salary was only 13 dollars at the beginning. ⊙In 1858, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom deleted and revised "Sun Tzu", "Wu Zi" and "Sima Fa" and named it "Wu Lue" and promulgated it for generals to read and use in martial arts exams. ⊙Du Yuesheng once founded a Zhengshi Middle School on Shanzhong Road in the French Concession. He personally served as the chairman of the school and hired Chen Qun as the principal. ⊙After 1868, the Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau successively built several ships, but the speed of the ships was not fast, and the fuel consumption was extremely high. The worst thing was that the production cost was too high. At that time, the cost of building a ship was about two ship. ⊙From 1861 to 1888, the Qing court spent 100 million taels of silver for the Beiyang Navy, a total of 3 million taels per year, accounting for 4% to 10% of the fiscal revenue of the year.From 1868 to 1894, the Japanese government allocated a total of 900 million yen to the navy, which was equivalent to 60 million taels of silver. The total amount of silver was 2.3 million taels a year, which was 60% of China's investment. ⊙In December 1930, Jiang Menglin resigned as the Minister of Education and officially became the president of Peking University. He was the administrative head of Peking University until the victory of the Anti-Japanese War 15 years ago, and he was the president of Peking University with the longest time in the history of Peking University.