Chapter 19 Between "The Flood" and "The Beast": Cai Yuanpei's Circle
After Cai Yuanpei took charge of Peking University, he advocated inclusiveness and academic freedom. Scholars and experts with different majors, positions, and qualifications were invited to Peking University, such as Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Li Siguang, Hu Shi, Zhang Shizhao, Liang Shuming, Gu Hongming... Cai Yuanpei is called "an ancient and modern Chinese and foreign school" .
Previous names: Cai Zhen, Zhou Ziyu
Birthplace: Shanyin County, Shaoxing, Zhejiang
Birth and death years: January 11, 1868 to March 5, 1940
Marital status: three marriages, the first marriage was an arranged marriage and was not happy, so there were the last two attempts of modern marriage
Position: President of Peking University
Main achievements: Innovating Peking University, opening up the style of "academic" and "freedom"
Representative works: "Cai Yuanpei's Autobiography", "History of Chinese Ethics"
Famous saying: Including the grand ceremony, enlisting everyone; freedom of thought, inclusive and inclusive
Birthplace: Beijing
Birth and death years: October 18, 1893 to June 23, 1988
Marital Status: Twice Married
Main achievements: The last Confucianist in China, one of the early representatives of modern Neo-Confucianism, and a practitioner of the rural construction movement
Representative works: "The Final Awareness of the Chinese National Self-help Movement", "Theory of Rural Construction"
Famous quote: I would like to work hard for the Chinese national society all my life, and I would like to make myself a person who is always trusted by the society
Former name: Zhang Jiang
Birthplace: Yuhang, Zhejiang
Birth and death years: January 12, 1869 ~ June 14, 1936
Marital status: Married three times, 75 years old at the time of the third marriage
Status: Democratic Revolutionary, Thinker, Master of Pu Xue
Students: Most of the famous professors at Peking University at that time were students of Zhang Taiyan, such as: Huang Kan, Zhu Xizu, Qian Xuantong, Lu Xun, Shen Jianshi, etc.Zhang Taiyan is joking, taking the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom as an example, he named Huang Kan the Heavenly King, Wang Dong the Eastern King, Zhu Xizu the Western King, Qian Xuantong the Southern King, and Wu Chengshi the Northern King
Main achievements: Cooperating with Cai Yuanpei and others to launch the Restoration Association, editor-in-chief of the Tongmenghui's official newspaper "Minbao", serving as a privy adviser to the Presidential Office of Sun Yat-sen
Representative works: "Zhang's Series", "Zhang Taiyan's Treatise on Medicine"
Previously used names: Qiao Xin at first, Qiao Nai in Xiang, later changed to Kan, styled Ji Gang.Layman
Birthplace: Chengdu
Birth and death years: April 3, 1886 ~ October 8, 1935
Occupation: Linguist
Teachers: Zhang Taiyan, Liu Shipei
Students: Fan Wenlan, Jin Yufu, Yang Bojun, Long Yusheng, Lu Zongda, Yin Menglun, Cheng Qianfan, Pan Chonggui, Xu Fu, etc.
Main Achievements: Together with Zhang Taiyan, it is called "Zhang Huang Zhixue"
Representative work: Huang Kan was only 50 years old when he died, and he has not published any works, but he has become a recognized master of Chinese studies at home and abroad
Former name: Ma Futian
Birthplace: Shaoxing, Zhejiang
Year of Birth and Death: 1883～1967
Marital status: once married
Evaluation: A master of Confucianism, Buddhism and Philosophy, the first person in China to introduce Marx's "Das Kapital", Zhou Enlai called him "the master of contemporary Chinese philosophy"
Main achievements: From 1912 or 1913 to before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, he stayed in Hangzhou alone, living in a back alley, devoted himself to the study of traditional Chinese culture such as Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism
Representative works: "Taihe Conversation", "Yishan Conversation", "Questions and Answers at Eryatai", "Ma Yifu Seal Carving", etc.
Jiang Tingfu (1895-1965): historian, diplomat during the Republic of China, academician of a research institute in Taiwan.A native of Baoqing, Hunan.Studied at Parker College, Graduate School of Columbia University, received a Ph.D.He has successively served as professor of Nankai University and Tsinghua University, dean of the Faculty of Liberal Arts of Tsinghua University, and dean of the Department of History. In 1935, he joined the Kuomintang government as a scholar who was not a member of the Kuomintang, and served as the Director of Political Affairs of the Executive Yuan. He left Tsinghua University to engage in foreign affairs. In 1945, he was appointed as the permanent representative of China to the United Nations.
Zhang Boling (1876～1951): A famous educator in modern times, the founder of Nankai University, born in Tianjin.He once studied at the Beiyang Naval Academy with excellent grades. When he graduated, during the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Beiyang Navy was defeated, so he decided to quit and devoted himself to education.Nankai Middle School, Nankai University, Nankai Girls' High School, Nankai Primary School and Chongqing Nankai Middle School were established successively. Southwest Associated University was one of the three principals. He joined the Kuomintang in 1938 and served successively as vice-chairman of the National Political Council, member of the Central Supervisory Committee, and president of the National Government Examination Institute. He died in Tianjin in 1951.Because of advocating the Olympic movement, he is known as "the first person in China's Olympic Games".
⊙After Cai Yuanpei took charge of Peking University, he advocated inclusiveness and academic freedom. Scholars and experts with different majors, positions, and qualifications all invited to Peking University. Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Li Siguang, Hu Shi, Zhang Shizhao, Liang Shuming, Gu Hongming... People call Cai Yuanpei "an ancient and modern Chinese and foreign school" ". ⊙At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Ma Xulun went to visit Cai Yuanpei, and saw that Cai Yuanpei was only wearing a thin cotton robe in the winter, shivering with cold and having a runny nose. When he asked, it turned out that he had given the cotton coat to someone else. ⊙Cai Yuanpei is very polite and easy-going. It is difficult for Cai to ignore others' requests. Often someone asks Cai to write a job introduction letter, and Cai writes immediately.However, when government officials saw that the letter of introduction was written by Cai, they ignored it. ⊙Peking University has a row of faculty lounges, known as "Mao Zihao", where a group of famous professors of Peking University's liberal arts gathered: Chen Duxiu, Zhu Xizu, Hu Shi, Liu Bannong, Liu Wendian, and the principal Cai Yuanpei.The strange thing is that these people are all born in the genus of Rabbit, with a complete range of old, middle and small rabbits. ⊙Huang Kan loves to swear, and he doesn’t like anyone. At Peking University, he called all the professors who were close to Cai Yuanpei “Quxue Ashi”, that is, he flattered Cai Yuanpei, so he scolded them all.Over time, "Ashi" has become synonymous with going to the principal's office. Anyone who goes to see Cai Yuanpei will say, "I went to Ashi once today." ⊙Huang Kan is from Hubei, and Chen Duxiu is from Anhui.When he was in Japan in the early years, Chen Duxiu said that there were no cultural celebrities in Hubei, and Huang Kan was indignant: "There are many people in Anhui, but it may not be your step, and if there are no people in Hubei, it may not be me!" As a teacher, Chen Duxiu founded "New Youth" to criticize Confucianism and promote new literature, while Huang Kan vigorously attacked new literature, declaring that "everything outside the eight books is bullshit." ⊙Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, Qian Xuantong, Liu Bannong, Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, etc. gathered around "New Youth", while Liu Shipei, Huang Kan, Chen Hanzhang, Ma Xulun, etc. established the monthly magazine "Guogu" to sing against each other. ⊙"New Youth" advocates vernacular Chinese. When it was first established, it received no attention. Qian Xuantong and Liu Bannong jointly performed a "double play": Qian Xuantong played "bad face", violently attacked "New Youth", and released it out of thin air. Lin Shu, who was in full swing, was the leader of the opposition; Liu Bannong acted as a "red face", denounced Qian Wen, and called Lin Shu a "Tongcheng pervert".Lin Shu became furious when he saw this, and published long articles in Shanghai newspapers angrily denouncing Liu Bannong. In this scolding, "New Youth" achieved its goal of self-hype. ⊙In the period of the Republic of China, the entrance examination questions of the Department of Chinese Studies of universities generally indicated "classical Chinese, language style is not limited" under the title, but there were two exceptions. One was Peking University. Hu Shi stipulated that "restricted language style", that is, vernacular writing; The second is Nanjing Central University, where Huang Kan teaches, which specifically stipulates that "the use of classical Chinese is restricted." ⊙At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Chen Duxiu joined the Patriotic Association in Shanghai, Tiantian and Yang Dusheng experimented with explosives, and Cai Yuanpei often went to participate. ⊙In 1919, Chen Duxiu’s sons Yannian and Qiao came to Peking University to visit him, but they were not allowed to enter the house directly, but like everyone else, each prepared a business card, wrote “Visit Mr. Chen Duxiu” and signed it. can see. ⊙When Peking University graduates, teachers and students take pictures together, the teachers sit in the front row, and the students stand behind.Chen Duxiu happened to be sitting with Liang Shuming.Liang was very cautious, keeping his feet under the chair; Chen was bold and unrestrained, stretching his feet all the way in front of Liang.After the photo came out, Chen Duxiu looked at it and said, "It's a good photo, but Mr. Liang's feet are stretched too far." The student said, "This is your foot, sir." Chen looked at it carefully and laughed. . ⊙Chen Duxiu and Jiang Menglin are both scholars in the Qing Dynasty. There are two types of scholars: those who advance in the examination of stereotyped essays are called stereotyped scholars;In the eyes of the people at the time, policy theory scholars were not as "valuable" as stereotyped scholars.Once Chen asked Jiang: "What kind of scholar is that scholar of yours?" Disrespect, disrespect." ⊙Chen Duxiu and Jiang Menglin have a similar habit. They are impatient to eat, and they always eat whatever is served first. When the good dishes and big dishes are served, they are already full.People laugh at the two as "sick and pity each other". ⊙In 1917, Cai Yuanpei became the president of Peking University and put forward the educational purpose of "inclusiveness". He hired Gu Hongming, a strange man, as the professor of the English Department of Peking University.Someone said it was hard to understand, Cai Yuanpei said: "I invite Gu Hongming, because he is a scholar, wise man and sage, by no means a monster with boiling material opinions, let alone an extremely conservative diehard in politics." ⊙There were constant conflicts between Congress and the students. The Congress was preparing to impeach the president of Peking University. The students launched demonstrations, held up flags with pigs painted on them, and cursed Congress.Gu Hongming looked down on both students and members of Congress, and said to Jiang Menglin: "You believe in democracy, this is really a madman!" ⊙Xiong Shili once had a strange disease, could not sit, could only stand all day, and could not wear fur clothes in winter. ⊙In the 1930s, Xiong Shili, Liang Shuming, and Ma Yifu were called the "Three Sages" in academic circles.Xiong's knowledge is excellent, but his personality is notoriously weird.He said that Hu Shi advocated science, but his scientific knowledge was not as good as him; Feng Youlan could not read;Once, Liang Shuming had an argument with Xiong about academic matters.Xiong has a big temper and likes to swear and beat people.After the fight was over, Xiong took Liang's opportunity to turn around, ran up and punched Liang three times, and called him a "stupid".Liang understood Xiong's personality, so he left without paying attention. ⊙Sun Chuanfang was stationed in Hangzhou, and went to visit Ma Yifu admiringly, but Ma did not see him.Ma's family was afraid of offending Sun, so they persuaded him: "Can you tell him that you are not at home?" Ma said: "Tell him that you are at home and don't want to see each other!" ⊙Xiong Shili is open-minded and doesn't like carving.Once Wang Yuanhua came to visit at home, and Xiong was taking a bath, so Xiong sat in the tub and chatted with Wang.Fei Ming is also a geek, and he respects his fellow Xiong very much, but he often argues with him about knowledge. Sometimes the two sides blush and even scuffle.Fei Ming came back the next day, and the two reconciled as before, talking and laughing happily. ⊙Once, Xiong Shili was eating at a friend's house. A child wanted to eat a piece of meat on the table. Xiong grabbed it and said, "I have the responsibility of preaching on my body. I must eat it. What is the use of eating it?" So he ate it calmly Down." ⊙Not long after Cai Yuanpei took charge of Peking University, he wanted to invite Liang Shuming to come to Peking University to give lectures on Indian philosophy.Liang was 24 years old at the time and graduated from middle school, so he was humble and uneducated and dared not promise.Cai Yuanpei asked back: "You said you can't teach Indian philosophy, so do you know who can teach it?" Liang said he didn't know.Cai said: "You should come! Aren't you a lover of philosophy? When I come to Peking University this time, I must gather many friends who love philosophy to study together and learn from each other. Why don't you come? Don't be a You are here to be a teacher and teach others, so you should come to cooperate in research and study!" ⊙Hu Shi wrote an article opposing Liang Shuming. After reading it, Liang said, Hu should condescend to read his article before drawing conclusions. Don’t read it in a hurry like Beijing’s "Morning News" in five minutes Finish". ⊙During the Anti-Japanese War, Liang Shuming wrote to his son: "I can't die. If I die, the world will change color and history will change." ⊙ Gu Hongming said to the students in class: "There are only two good people in China, one is Mr. Cai Yuanpei, and the other is me. Because Mr. Cai refused to be an official and went to the revolution after he ordered the Hanlin, he is still a revolution; what about me? Since I became an official of the former Qing Dynasty with Zhang Wenxiang (Zhang Zhidong), I am still protecting the emperor." ⊙At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Shanghai Zhangyuan became a place where patriots gathered for daily gatherings. Zhang Taiyan, Cai Yuanpei, Wu Zhihui and others went the most frequently and often gave speeches on stage.When Wu Zhihui gave a speech, it was like acting in a play, with rich voice and various movements; when Zhang Taiyan came on stage, he did not climb up from the steps behind, but insisted on climbing up from the front of the stage. Repeat "revolution is necessary, revolution must be, revolution must be", and then go on. ⊙Gu Hongming once hosted a banquet for European and American friends. He lit kerosene lamps, and the smoke choked his nose.Some people say that kerosene lamps are not as bright as electric lamps and gas lamps. Gu Hongming said with a smile: "We in the East pay attention to understanding the mind and seeing the nature. Oriental people are clear, and oil lamps are self-illuminating. Orientals do not pay attention to superficial skills like Westerners." ⊙When Zhang Zuolin was in charge of Beijing, Gu Hongming was recommended by someone to find a job in Zhang Zuolin.After seeing Gu, Zhang asked, "What can you do?" This question made Gu Hongming very embarrassed, because Gu did not achieve much except for his eloquence and knowledge to impress Westerners.From then on, Gu Sui cut off the idea of entering politics again, and started academics with peace of mind. ⊙After the May 4th Movement, Peking University professors held a meeting to discuss the matter of retaining the principal Cai Yuanpei. Gu Hongming came to the stage to express his opinion and also agreed to retain Cai Yuanpei, but his reason was: "The principal is the emperor of our school, so he must be retained." ⊙In 1903, Zhang Taiyan, Zhang Shizhao, Zhang Ji, and Zou Rong sworn brothers with different surnames in Shanghai.This year, Zhang Taiyan was 34 years old, Zhang Shizhao was 22 years old, Zhang Ji was 21 years old, and Zou Rong was the youngest at 18 years old. ⊙After "Su reported the case", Zhang Taiyan was imprisoned in the foreign prison in the Shanghai Concession for three years. When he was released from prison, his friends came to pick him up. It was seen that after three years in prison, Zhang Taiyan became white and fat.It is said that Zhang Taiyan didn't like to groom and clean up, but the foreigner's prison forced him to take a bath every day, and his life became regular, so his body became stronger. ⊙Zhang Taiyan's trouser belt is connected with two leggings ropes, and the belt is often not tightly tied, so he always holds the trouser waist with one hand, for fear that the trousers will fall off. ⊙In the early years of the Republic of China, Zhang Taiyan once opened a national society in Beijing, and taught believers every day. During the class, he would scold the Confucian Church organized by Kang Youwei and Chen Huanzhang. The words "Anyone who enters the Confucian Church is not allowed to join the church" were posted on the door. ⊙Zhang Taiyan was imprisoned in Longquan Temple by Yuan Shikai. Out of anxiety and anger, he decided to go on a hunger strike and left his last words: "After I die, Chinese culture will perish!" His disciples Wu Chengshi and Qian Xuantong came to visit him, and repeatedly advised Zhang to eat, but Zhang did not Impressed.Finally, Wu Chengshi asked him: "Sir, how are you compared to Mi Heng?" Zhang replied: "How can Mi Heng compare to me?" Huang Zu's hand. Now that Yuan Shikai is better than Liu Biao, he doesn't need to bother Huang Zu, but let Mr. kill himself!" Zhang Taiyan was shocked when he heard this, and immediately stopped his hunger strike. ⊙ Zhang Taiyan was under house arrest, and passed the time by writing every day. One day, he wrote two large seal characters of "quick death", which were five or six feet high and hung on the screen.Zhang Taiyan was also afraid of the poison in the food, so he asked to use silver bowls, chopsticks, and knives every time he ate, because it was said that silver could be tested for poison.In winter, he did not dare to light a coal fire for warmth, for fear that Yuan Shikai would smoke him to death with gas. ⊙After the establishment of the Nanjing government, Zhang Taiyan did not cooperate with the Kuomintang and lived in Shanghai, living a very poor life.For meals at his house, the only dishes are fermented bean curd, peanut butter, salted fish, salted eggs, tofu and the like.There are only three or four sets of clothes, and I haven't bought any new clothes all year round.It is said that Zhang Sheng was most afraid of washing his face and bathing, and his fingernails were very long, and the nails were full of black mud. ⊙Du Yuesheng wanted to ask Zhang Taiyan to write an article "The Story of Du's Ancestral Hall", and entrusted several people to go with bank notes, but all failed.Later, I found the doctor Chen Cunren, who ran to Zhang's house and said that Sima Qian had written "Biographies of Rangers", and that Mr. Zhang should also write an article for the Du family ancestral hall.After listening to the chapter, I wrote it very readily. ⊙Zhang Taiyan couldn't remember where he lived. Once he went back to the bookstore and was about to go home. He called a rickshaw, but he couldn't tell where he was going.Zhang said: "I am Zhang Taiyan, known as Zhang Crazy. Everyone in Shanghai knows where I live, don't you know?" ⊙Zhang Taiyan was having dinner at the "louwailou" in Hangzhou. It happened that Chiang Kai-shek and Song Meiling also came to eat.When he was about to leave, Jiang came over and said, "Mr. Taiyan, how are you?" Zhang replied, "Very good." Jiang asked how he was doing, and Zhang replied, "Looking for food with a pen." ⊙In 1922, Wu Tingfang died, and his will required cremation.After Zhang Taiyan heard about it, he wrote an elegiac couplet and sent it to him: "It's rare for Duke Donggao to make a plan for changing his eyebrows overnight. You don't need to spend money on Ximen Qing to save the bones!" The first sentence compares Wu to "Wu Zixu", and the second sentence compares Wu Comparing it to "Wu Dalang" ("Wu" and "Wu" are the same pronunciation), it is said that Wu Dalang was cremated after his death, and Ximen Qing saved a sum of burial expenses because of this. ⊙Jiang Tingfu and Yuan Tongli went to meet a seller of old book collectors together. Jiang found two rare and good books. Seeing that Yuan didn't seem to notice, they left quietly and left together.After Jiang and Yuan broke up, Jiang secretly went back to buy the two books, but the seller told him: Mr. Yuan just came to buy the books. ⊙Jiang Tingfu was blocked at the door when he went to attend a meeting not long after he took office as Director of Political Affairs of the Executive Yuan of the Nationalist Government.Jiang was puzzled, but the doorman told him, "Today is the anniversary of the New Life Movement, and you violated the regulations." Jiang still didn't understand, and the doorman reached out and took something from Jiang's collar. It turned out to be a laundry number tag!Jiang found it funny: "This is indeed a sacred place! I must pay special attention." ⊙After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Wang Tongzhao and his family moved to Shanghai. The Japanese threatened to confiscate his house and property in Qingdao and let him return to Qingdao. ⊙Zhang Taiyan boasted a lot throughout his life, even to the end of his death.His last words were: "Pu Xue will die from now on!" ⊙After the fall of Beiping, someone asked Ma Youyu for writing. He said: "Now that the country has fallen, I endure humiliation and steal my life. I will never write. In the future when the country is restored, I will definitely repay you. I will write whatever you are asked to write, and I will write as much as I am asked to write." How many!" ⊙Shortly after the "May 4th" Movement, teachers of Beijing universities, surrounded by students, went to the presidential palace to ask for back pay, but were beaten violently by the military and police.Ma Xulun's forehead was swollen and his nostrils were bleeding. He shouted: "You will beat yourself Chinese, why don't you beat the Japanese?" ⊙Zou Rong published "Revolutionary Army", signed "Zou Rong, a former soldier of the revolutionary army", which became popular for a while.Later, when he was arrested and imprisoned for "reporting the case against the Soviet Union," his friend Liu Chengyu went to see Zou, and Zou joked, "The pawns of the revolutionary army have come to see me!" ⊙Wu Zhihui was very "non-revolutionary" in his early years. When he went to Japan to study, someone advised him to cut off his braid. Wu was furious: "The purpose of studying abroad is to keep this braid. How can I cut it off!" Someone advised him to meet Sun Yat-sen, Wu Da He scolded, "Revolution is rebellion, rebels are bandits, and those who rebel abroad are Wang Yang bandits!" ⊙When Wu Zhihui was 12 or 13 years old, he had a lung disease. The doctor said he had tuberculosis and would not live long.In a fit of anger, Wu refused to take medicine or see a doctor, and went to climb the mountain every morning, and climbed to the top of the mountain to bask in the sun naked.After persisting in this way for two years, the disease was cured.Since then, Wu has insisted on not taking medicine for the rest of his life. ⊙Wu Zhihui once had diarrhea, and a doctor came to visit him. Wu believed in not taking medicine. The doctor said, "Do you eat fruit?" So he asked people to buy some hawthorn charcoal and pomegranate peel, and made soup for Wu to drink , Wu just drank it. ⊙Chen Cunren, a famous doctor in Shanghai, recalled that in the late 1940s, when he went to see Wu Zhihui, he asked for a "password".Whenever someone came to look for him, the concierge replied: "Mr. Wu Zhi has gone to Nanjing." The guest replied: "I know that Mr. Zhi came back yesterday." If Wu wants to meet, let him in. ⊙Wu Zhihui didn't take medicine all his life, and his health is excellent, even in old age.When Wu was in his eighties, he still liked to wander the streets, sometimes for more than ten miles.Wu walked fast, and the two bodyguards were strong and strong, but they often couldn't keep up. ⊙Wu Zhihui has never been an official or received an official salary all his life, and his living expenses depend entirely on the income from selling calligraphy.In his later years, Wu often had to write for three or four hours a day, with about a hundred pieces of characters. Because the manuscripts were delivered quickly and the prices were not expensive, the business has been very good. ⊙Wu Zhihui is from Wujin, Jiangsu, and grew up in Wuxi.After Wu became an important figure in the party and state, Wuxi street clay figurine shops launched a funny old man who holds a fan and shakes his head.Every time Wu himself goes to Wuxi, he always buys a few and laughs while watching. ⊙Wu Zhihui never entertained his friends and relatives on his birthday, and only found a bowl of plain noodles at a vegetarian noodle restaurant by himself.Sometimes when others brought some fruits and eggs to Wu, Wu would scold, "What birthday, what a fart!" ⊙Wu Zhihui likes to walk. Once he walked dozens of miles to see a friend, and then walked back when he returned home.Unexpectedly, the weather was too hot, and he fainted on the road, and was recognized and sent to the hospital.After Wu woke up, while the doctors and nurses were not there, he pulled out the needles, oxygen tubes, etc., and ran away secretly. ⊙Sometimes Wu Zhihui mixed into the crowd of ordinary people and chatted with others, but no one knew whether he was Wu Zhihui or not.If someone recognized him, he would say: "The old man in Wuxi has the same face, don't misread him." ⊙The Japanese army invaded Nanjing. Before retreating, Wu Zhihui wrote a poem on the wall: "If the country is broken and the mountains and rivers exist, the country must prosper if the people survive. Although Japanese slaves are rampant, they will go to Tokyo in the future." Later, there is a sentence in the military song of the New First Army of the Expeditionary Army : "Flying the Han flag at the top of Mt. Fuji, drunk concubines under the cherry tree." The expression is similar. ⊙Someone gave Wu Zhihui a rickshaw. Wu said: "A person has two legs, and he can walk by himself, so why should someone else pull him." . ⊙Wu Zhihui passed the examination at the age of 27, researched ancient knowledge, and wrote "Up and Down Ancient and Modern Talks", which is known as China's first popular science novel. Later, he actively advocated unified pronunciation and compiled the first "National Phonetic Dictionary" , Jiang Menglin called him "a radiant comet in my country's academic circles", and he was viewed by academics. ⊙Wu Zhihui is famous for writing small seal script. He once discussed seal script with others: What is seal script? Wrapped around the west, wrapped around three thousand blindly. ⊙Zhang Yuanji is the general manager of the Commercial Press. The society thinks that Zhang is very rich. In 1927, several kidnappers hijacked Zhang Yuanji and demanded a ransom of 300,000 yuan.After several twists and turns, after clarifying Zhang's financial situation, the amount was reduced to 40,000, and finally redeemed with 10,000. ⊙At a certain meeting, Wang lashed out at Wu Zhihui on the stage, and the final conclusion was: "Wu Zhihui is a bastard." Wu was not angry when he heard it in the audience, but stood up and said jokingly: "Mr. Wang's words today are all divine. He should know that my surname is Wu, and the bastard should be the ancestor of Wang." ⊙Yang Dusheng participated in the revolution very early. In 1904, he planned an uprising in Changsha with Huang Keqiang, Liu Kuiyi, Song Jiaoren, etc. Chen Duxiu, Cai Yuanpei, etc. learned from him in making bombs. Yang Dusheng) began". In 1906, he joined the Tongmenghui. In the revolutionary newspaper founded by Yu Youren, Yang served as the chief writer and presided over the assassination work.On the eve of the Revolution of 1911, on August 5, 1911, Yang Tok-sheng committed suicide by jumping into the sea in Liverpool, England because he was desperate for the future of the revolution. ⊙Shi Liangcai, the general manager of "Shenbao", declared: "The state owns the country, the newspaper has the newspaper, and the person has the personality", and the newspaper "must speak for the people to stand firm."Once Chiang Kai-shek talked to Shi Liangcai, Jiang said: "Get me mad, I have a million soldiers!" Shi replied coldly: "I also have a million readers!" November 13, 1934 In the afternoon, Shi Liangcai was assassinated by secret agents. He was 54 years old. ⊙During the Anti-Japanese War, Hongye was arrested by the Japanese army. The Japanese asked him to bow, and Hong did so, and then said: "I bow to force." During the interrogation, Hong's integrity impressed the Japanese officer. The officer stood up, bowed to Hong, and said, "I bow to a man who dares to speak the truth without fear of death."
⊙After Cai Yuanpei took charge of Peking University, he advocated inclusiveness and academic freedom. Scholars and experts with different majors, positions, and qualifications all invited to Peking University. Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Li Siguang, Hu Shi, Zhang Shizhao, Liang Shuming, Gu Hongming... People call Cai Yuanpei "an ancient and modern Chinese and foreign school" ". ⊙At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Ma Xulun went to visit Cai Yuanpei, and saw that Cai Yuanpei was only wearing a thin cotton robe in the winter, shivering with cold and having a runny nose. When he asked, it turned out that he had given the cotton coat to someone else. ⊙Cai Yuanpei is very polite and easy-going. It is difficult for Cai to ignore others' requests. Often someone asks Cai to write a job introduction letter, and Cai writes immediately.However, when government officials saw that the letter of introduction was written by Cai, they ignored it. ⊙Peking University has a row of faculty lounges, known as "Mao Zihao", where a group of famous professors of Peking University's liberal arts gathered: Chen Duxiu, Zhu Xizu, Hu Shi, Liu Bannong, Liu Wendian, and the principal Cai Yuanpei.The strange thing is that these people are all born in the genus of Rabbit, with a complete range of old, middle and small rabbits. ⊙Huang Kan loves to swear, and he doesn’t like anyone. At Peking University, he called all the professors who were close to Cai Yuanpei “Quxue Ashi”, that is, he flattered Cai Yuanpei, so he scolded them all.Over time, "Ashi" has become synonymous with going to the principal's office. Anyone who goes to see Cai Yuanpei will say, "I went to Ashi once today." ⊙Huang Kan is from Hubei, and Chen Duxiu is from Anhui.When he was in Japan in the early years, Chen Duxiu said that there were no cultural celebrities in Hubei, and Huang Kan was indignant: "There are many people in Anhui, but it may not be your step, and if there are no people in Hubei, it may not be me!" As a teacher, Chen Duxiu founded "New Youth" to criticize Confucianism and promote new literature, while Huang Kan vigorously attacked new literature, declaring that "everything outside the eight books is bullshit." ⊙Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, Qian Xuantong, Liu Bannong, Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, etc. gathered around "New Youth", while Liu Shipei, Huang Kan, Chen Hanzhang, Ma Xulun, etc. established the monthly magazine "Guogu" to sing against each other. ⊙"New Youth" advocates vernacular Chinese. When it was first established, it received no attention. Qian Xuantong and Liu Bannong jointly performed a "double play": Qian Xuantong played "bad face", violently attacked "New Youth", and released it out of thin air. Lin Shu, who was in full swing, was the leader of the opposition; Liu Bannong acted as a "red face", denounced Qian Wen, and called Lin Shu a "Tongcheng pervert".Lin Shu became furious when he saw this, and published long articles in Shanghai newspapers angrily denouncing Liu Bannong. In this scolding, "New Youth" achieved its goal of self-hype. ⊙In the period of the Republic of China, the entrance examination questions of the Department of Chinese Studies of universities generally indicated "classical Chinese, language style is not limited" under the title, but there were two exceptions. One was Peking University. Hu Shi stipulated that "restricted language style", that is, vernacular writing; The second is Nanjing Central University, where Huang Kan teaches, which specifically stipulates that "the use of classical Chinese is restricted." ⊙At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Chen Duxiu joined the Patriotic Association in Shanghai, Tiantian and Yang Dusheng experimented with explosives, and Cai Yuanpei often went to participate. ⊙In 1919, Chen Duxiu’s sons Yannian and Qiao came to Peking University to visit him, but they were not allowed to enter the house directly, but like everyone else, each prepared a business card, wrote “Visit Mr. Chen Duxiu” and signed it. can see. ⊙When Peking University graduates, teachers and students take pictures together, the teachers sit in the front row, and the students stand behind.Chen Duxiu happened to be sitting with Liang Shuming.Liang was very cautious, keeping his feet under the chair; Chen was bold and unrestrained, stretching his feet all the way in front of Liang.After the photo came out, Chen Duxiu looked at it and said, "It's a good photo, but Mr. Liang's feet are stretched too far." The student said, "This is your foot, sir." Chen looked at it carefully and laughed. . ⊙Chen Duxiu and Jiang Menglin are both scholars in the Qing Dynasty. There are two types of scholars: those who advance in the examination of stereotyped essays are called stereotyped scholars;In the eyes of the people at the time, policy theory scholars were not as "valuable" as stereotyped scholars.Once Chen asked Jiang: "What kind of scholar is that scholar of yours?" Disrespect, disrespect." ⊙Chen Duxiu and Jiang Menglin have a similar habit. They are impatient to eat, and they always eat whatever is served first. When the good dishes and big dishes are served, they are already full.People laugh at the two as "sick and pity each other". ⊙In 1917, Cai Yuanpei became the president of Peking University and put forward the educational purpose of "inclusiveness". He hired Gu Hongming, a strange man, as the professor of the English Department of Peking University.Someone said it was hard to understand, Cai Yuanpei said: "I invite Gu Hongming, because he is a scholar, wise man and sage, by no means a monster with boiling material opinions, let alone an extremely conservative diehard in politics." ⊙There were constant conflicts between Congress and the students. The Congress was preparing to impeach the president of Peking University. The students launched demonstrations, held up flags with pigs painted on them, and cursed Congress.Gu Hongming looked down on both students and members of Congress, and said to Jiang Menglin: "You believe in democracy, this is really a madman!" ⊙Xiong Shili once had a strange disease, could not sit, could only stand all day, and could not wear fur clothes in winter. ⊙In the 1930s, Xiong Shili, Liang Shuming, and Ma Yifu were called the "Three Sages" in academic circles.Xiong's knowledge is excellent, but his personality is notoriously weird.He said that Hu Shi advocated science, but his scientific knowledge was not as good as him; Feng Youlan could not read;Once, Liang Shuming had an argument with Xiong about academic matters.Xiong has a big temper and likes to swear and beat people.After the fight was over, Xiong took Liang's opportunity to turn around, ran up and punched Liang three times, and called him a "stupid".Liang understood Xiong's personality, so he left without paying attention. ⊙Sun Chuanfang was stationed in Hangzhou, and went to visit Ma Yifu admiringly, but Ma did not see him.Ma's family was afraid of offending Sun, so they persuaded him: "Can you tell him that you are not at home?" Ma said: "Tell him that you are at home and don't want to see each other!" ⊙Xiong Shili is open-minded and doesn't like carving.Once Wang Yuanhua came to visit at home, and Xiong was taking a bath, so Xiong sat in the tub and chatted with Wang.Fei Ming is also a geek, and he respects his fellow Xiong very much, but he often argues with him about knowledge. Sometimes the two sides blush and even scuffle.Fei Ming came back the next day, and the two reconciled as before, talking and laughing happily. ⊙Once, Xiong Shili was eating at a friend's house. A child wanted to eat a piece of meat on the table. Xiong grabbed it and said, "I have the responsibility of preaching on my body. I must eat it. What is the use of eating it?" So he ate it calmly Down." ⊙Not long after Cai Yuanpei took charge of Peking University, he wanted to invite Liang Shuming to come to Peking University to give lectures on Indian philosophy.Liang was 24 years old at the time and graduated from middle school, so he was humble and uneducated and dared not promise.Cai Yuanpei asked back: "You said you can't teach Indian philosophy, so do you know who can teach it?" Liang said he didn't know.Cai said: "You should come! Aren't you a lover of philosophy? When I come to Peking University this time, I must gather many friends who love philosophy to study together and learn from each other. Why don't you come? Don't be a You are here to be a teacher and teach others, so you should come to cooperate in research and study!" ⊙Hu Shi wrote an article opposing Liang Shuming. After reading it, Liang said, Hu should condescend to read his article before drawing conclusions. Don’t read it in a hurry like Beijing’s "Morning News" in five minutes Finish". ⊙During the Anti-Japanese War, Liang Shuming wrote to his son: "I can't die. If I die, the world will change color and history will change." ⊙ Gu Hongming said to the students in class: "There are only two good people in China, one is Mr. Cai Yuanpei, and the other is me. Because Mr. Cai refused to be an official and went to the revolution after he ordered the Hanlin, he is still a revolution; what about me? Since I became an official of the former Qing Dynasty with Zhang Wenxiang (Zhang Zhidong), I am still protecting the emperor." ⊙At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Shanghai Zhangyuan became a place where patriots gathered for daily gatherings. Zhang Taiyan, Cai Yuanpei, Wu Zhihui and others went the most frequently and often gave speeches on stage.When Wu Zhihui gave a speech, it was like acting in a play, with rich voice and various movements; when Zhang Taiyan came on stage, he did not climb up from the steps behind, but insisted on climbing up from the front of the stage. Repeat "revolution is necessary, revolution must be, revolution must be", and then go on. ⊙Gu Hongming once hosted a banquet for European and American friends. He lit kerosene lamps, and the smoke choked his nose.Some people say that kerosene lamps are not as bright as electric lamps and gas lamps. Gu Hongming said with a smile: "We in the East pay attention to understanding the mind and seeing the nature. Oriental people are clear, and oil lamps are self-illuminating. Orientals do not pay attention to superficial skills like Westerners." ⊙When Zhang Zuolin was in charge of Beijing, Gu Hongming was recommended by someone to find a job in Zhang Zuolin.After seeing Gu, Zhang asked, "What can you do?" This question made Gu Hongming very embarrassed, because Gu did not achieve much except for his eloquence and knowledge to impress Westerners.From then on, Gu Sui cut off the idea of entering politics again, and started academics with peace of mind. ⊙After the May 4th Movement, Peking University professors held a meeting to discuss the matter of retaining the principal Cai Yuanpei. Gu Hongming came to the stage to express his opinion and also agreed to retain Cai Yuanpei, but his reason was: "The principal is the emperor of our school, so he must be retained." ⊙In 1903, Zhang Taiyan, Zhang Shizhao, Zhang Ji, and Zou Rong sworn brothers with different surnames in Shanghai.This year, Zhang Taiyan was 34 years old, Zhang Shizhao was 22 years old, Zhang Ji was 21 years old, and Zou Rong was the youngest at 18 years old. ⊙After "Su reported the case", Zhang Taiyan was imprisoned in the foreign prison in the Shanghai Concession for three years. When he was released from prison, his friends came to pick him up. It was seen that after three years in prison, Zhang Taiyan became white and fat.It is said that Zhang Taiyan didn't like to groom and clean up, but the foreigner's prison forced him to take a bath every day, and his life became regular, so his body became stronger. ⊙Zhang Taiyan's trouser belt is connected with two leggings ropes, and the belt is often not tightly tied, so he always holds the trouser waist with one hand, for fear that the trousers will fall off. ⊙In the early years of the Republic of China, Zhang Taiyan once opened a national society in Beijing, and taught believers every day. During the class, he would scold the Confucian Church organized by Kang Youwei and Chen Huanzhang. The words "Anyone who enters the Confucian Church is not allowed to join the church" were posted on the door. ⊙Zhang Taiyan was imprisoned in Longquan Temple by Yuan Shikai. Out of anxiety and anger, he decided to go on a hunger strike and left his last words: "After I die, Chinese culture will perish!" His disciples Wu Chengshi and Qian Xuantong came to visit him, and repeatedly advised Zhang to eat, but Zhang did not Impressed.Finally, Wu Chengshi asked him: "Sir, how are you compared to Mi Heng?" Zhang replied: "How can Mi Heng compare to me?" Huang Zu's hand. Now that Yuan Shikai is better than Liu Biao, he doesn't need to bother Huang Zu, but let Mr. kill himself!" Zhang Taiyan was shocked when he heard this, and immediately stopped his hunger strike. ⊙ Zhang Taiyan was under house arrest, and passed the time by writing every day. One day, he wrote two large seal characters of "quick death", which were five or six feet high and hung on the screen.Zhang Taiyan was also afraid of the poison in the food, so he asked to use silver bowls, chopsticks, and knives every time he ate, because it was said that silver could be tested for poison.In winter, he did not dare to light a coal fire for warmth, for fear that Yuan Shikai would smoke him to death with gas. ⊙After the establishment of the Nanjing government, Zhang Taiyan did not cooperate with the Kuomintang and lived in Shanghai, living a very poor life.For meals at his house, the only dishes are fermented bean curd, peanut butter, salted fish, salted eggs, tofu and the like.There are only three or four sets of clothes, and I haven't bought any new clothes all year round.It is said that Zhang Sheng was most afraid of washing his face and bathing, and his fingernails were very long, and the nails were full of black mud. ⊙Du Yuesheng wanted to ask Zhang Taiyan to write an article "The Story of Du's Ancestral Hall", and entrusted several people to go with bank notes, but all failed.Later, I found the doctor Chen Cunren, who ran to Zhang's house and said that Sima Qian had written "Biographies of Rangers", and that Mr. Zhang should also write an article for the Du family ancestral hall.After listening to the chapter, I wrote it very readily. ⊙Zhang Taiyan couldn't remember where he lived. Once he went back to the bookstore and was about to go home. He called a rickshaw, but he couldn't tell where he was going.Zhang said: "I am Zhang Taiyan, known as Zhang Crazy. Everyone in Shanghai knows where I live, don't you know?" ⊙Zhang Taiyan was having dinner at the "louwailou" in Hangzhou. It happened that Chiang Kai-shek and Song Meiling also came to eat.When he was about to leave, Jiang came over and said, "Mr. Taiyan, how are you?" Zhang replied, "Very good." Jiang asked how he was doing, and Zhang replied, "Looking for food with a pen." ⊙In 1922, Wu Tingfang died, and his will required cremation.After Zhang Taiyan heard about it, he wrote an elegiac couplet and sent it to him: "It's rare for Duke Donggao to make a plan for changing his eyebrows overnight. You don't need to spend money on Ximen Qing to save the bones!" The first sentence compares Wu to "Wu Zixu", and the second sentence compares Wu Comparing it to "Wu Dalang" ("Wu" and "Wu" are the same pronunciation), it is said that Wu Dalang was cremated after his death, and Ximen Qing saved a sum of burial expenses because of this. ⊙Jiang Tingfu and Yuan Tongli went to meet a seller of old book collectors together. Jiang found two rare and good books. Seeing that Yuan didn't seem to notice, they left quietly and left together.After Jiang and Yuan broke up, Jiang secretly went back to buy the two books, but the seller told him: Mr. Yuan just came to buy the books. ⊙Jiang Tingfu was blocked at the door when he went to attend a meeting not long after he took office as Director of Political Affairs of the Executive Yuan of the Nationalist Government.Jiang was puzzled, but the doorman told him, "Today is the anniversary of the New Life Movement, and you violated the regulations." Jiang still didn't understand, and the doorman reached out and took something from Jiang's collar. It turned out to be a laundry number tag!Jiang found it funny: "This is indeed a sacred place! I must pay special attention." ⊙After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Wang Tongzhao and his family moved to Shanghai. The Japanese threatened to confiscate his house and property in Qingdao and let him return to Qingdao. ⊙Zhang Taiyan boasted a lot throughout his life, even to the end of his death.His last words were: "Pu Xue will die from now on!" ⊙After the fall of Beiping, someone asked Ma Youyu for writing. He said: "Now that the country has fallen, I endure humiliation and steal my life. I will never write. In the future when the country is restored, I will definitely repay you. I will write whatever you are asked to write, and I will write as much as I am asked to write." How many!" ⊙Shortly after the "May 4th" Movement, teachers of Beijing universities, surrounded by students, went to the presidential palace to ask for back pay, but were beaten violently by the military and police.Ma Xulun's forehead was swollen and his nostrils were bleeding. He shouted: "You will beat yourself Chinese, why don't you beat the Japanese?" ⊙Zou Rong published "Revolutionary Army", signed "Zou Rong, a former soldier of the revolutionary army", which became popular for a while.Later, when he was arrested and imprisoned for "reporting the case against the Soviet Union," his friend Liu Chengyu went to see Zou, and Zou joked, "The pawns of the revolutionary army have come to see me!" ⊙Wu Zhihui was very "non-revolutionary" in his early years. When he went to Japan to study, someone advised him to cut off his braid. Wu was furious: "The purpose of studying abroad is to keep this braid. How can I cut it off!" Someone advised him to meet Sun Yat-sen, Wu Da He scolded, "Revolution is rebellion, rebels are bandits, and those who rebel abroad are Wang Yang bandits!" ⊙When Wu Zhihui was 12 or 13 years old, he had a lung disease. The doctor said he had tuberculosis and would not live long.In a fit of anger, Wu refused to take medicine or see a doctor, and went to climb the mountain every morning, and climbed to the top of the mountain to bask in the sun naked.After persisting in this way for two years, the disease was cured.Since then, Wu has insisted on not taking medicine for the rest of his life. ⊙Wu Zhihui once had diarrhea, and a doctor came to visit him. Wu believed in not taking medicine. The doctor said, "Do you eat fruit?" So he asked people to buy some hawthorn charcoal and pomegranate peel, and made soup for Wu to drink , Wu just drank it. ⊙Chen Cunren, a famous doctor in Shanghai, recalled that in the late 1940s, when he went to see Wu Zhihui, he asked for a "password".Whenever someone came to look for him, the concierge replied: "Mr. Wu Zhi has gone to Nanjing." The guest replied: "I know that Mr. Zhi came back yesterday." If Wu wants to meet, let him in. ⊙Wu Zhihui didn't take medicine all his life, and his health is excellent, even in old age.When Wu was in his eighties, he still liked to wander the streets, sometimes for more than ten miles.Wu walked fast, and the two bodyguards were strong and strong, but they often couldn't keep up. ⊙Wu Zhihui has never been an official or received an official salary all his life, and his living expenses depend entirely on the income from selling calligraphy.In his later years, Wu often had to write for three or four hours a day, with about a hundred pieces of characters. Because the manuscripts were delivered quickly and the prices were not expensive, the business has been very good. ⊙Wu Zhihui is from Wujin, Jiangsu, and grew up in Wuxi.After Wu became an important figure in the party and state, Wuxi street clay figurine shops launched a funny old man who holds a fan and shakes his head.Every time Wu himself goes to Wuxi, he always buys a few and laughs while watching. ⊙Wu Zhihui never entertained his friends and relatives on his birthday, and only found a bowl of plain noodles at a vegetarian noodle restaurant by himself.Sometimes when others brought some fruits and eggs to Wu, Wu would scold, "What birthday, what a fart!" ⊙Wu Zhihui likes to walk. Once he walked dozens of miles to see a friend, and then walked back when he returned home.Unexpectedly, the weather was too hot, and he fainted on the road, and was recognized and sent to the hospital.After Wu woke up, while the doctors and nurses were not there, he pulled out the needles, oxygen tubes, etc., and ran away secretly. ⊙Sometimes Wu Zhihui mixed into the crowd of ordinary people and chatted with others, but no one knew whether he was Wu Zhihui or not.If someone recognized him, he would say: "The old man in Wuxi has the same face, don't misread him." ⊙The Japanese army invaded Nanjing. Before retreating, Wu Zhihui wrote a poem on the wall: "If the country is broken and the mountains and rivers exist, the country must prosper if the people survive. Although Japanese slaves are rampant, they will go to Tokyo in the future." Later, there is a sentence in the military song of the New First Army of the Expeditionary Army : "Flying the Han flag at the top of Mt. Fuji, drunk concubines under the cherry tree." The expression is similar. ⊙Someone gave Wu Zhihui a rickshaw. Wu said: "A person has two legs, and he can walk by himself, so why should someone else pull him." . ⊙Wu Zhihui passed the examination at the age of 27, researched ancient knowledge, and wrote "Up and Down Ancient and Modern Talks", which is known as China's first popular science novel. Later, he actively advocated unified pronunciation and compiled the first "National Phonetic Dictionary" , Jiang Menglin called him "a radiant comet in my country's academic circles", and he was viewed by academics. ⊙Wu Zhihui is famous for writing small seal script. He once discussed seal script with others: What is seal script? Wrapped around the west, wrapped around three thousand blindly. ⊙Zhang Yuanji is the general manager of the Commercial Press. The society thinks that Zhang is very rich. In 1927, several kidnappers hijacked Zhang Yuanji and demanded a ransom of 300,000 yuan.After several twists and turns, after clarifying Zhang's financial situation, the amount was reduced to 40,000, and finally redeemed with 10,000. ⊙At a certain meeting, Wang lashed out at Wu Zhihui on the stage, and the final conclusion was: "Wu Zhihui is a bastard." Wu was not angry when he heard it in the audience, but stood up and said jokingly: "Mr. Wang's words today are all divine. He should know that my surname is Wu, and the bastard should be the ancestor of Wang." ⊙Yang Dusheng participated in the revolution very early. In 1904, he planned an uprising in Changsha with Huang Keqiang, Liu Kuiyi, Song Jiaoren, etc. Chen Duxiu, Cai Yuanpei, etc. learned from him in making bombs. Yang Dusheng) began". In 1906, he joined the Tongmenghui. In the revolutionary newspaper founded by Yu Youren, Yang served as the chief writer and presided over the assassination work.On the eve of the Revolution of 1911, on August 5, 1911, Yang Tok-sheng committed suicide by jumping into the sea in Liverpool, England because he was desperate for the future of the revolution. ⊙Shi Liangcai, the general manager of "Shenbao", declared: "The state owns the country, the newspaper has the newspaper, and the person has the personality", and the newspaper "must speak for the people to stand firm."Once Chiang Kai-shek talked to Shi Liangcai, Jiang said: "Get me mad, I have a million soldiers!" Shi replied coldly: "I also have a million readers!" November 13, 1934 In the afternoon, Shi Liangcai was assassinated by secret agents. He was 54 years old. ⊙During the Anti-Japanese War, Hongye was arrested by the Japanese army. The Japanese asked him to bow, and Hong did so, and then said: "I bow to force." During the interrogation, Hong's integrity impressed the Japanese officer. The officer stood up, bowed to Hong, and said, "I bow to a man who dares to speak the truth without fear of death."