Chapter 8 Chapter 8 Xiang Yu's debut, murderous

Mr. Zhang Han, the butcher, has been examining the bloody deck of cards for several months. Including Ace of Hearts Chen Sheng, all eight big cards of A and K ranks are almost dead. There is one heart K Songliu left. Song Liu was also a strong general. He once occupied Nanyang, Dayi in southern Henan, and then attacked Wuguan, intending to intimidate Xianyang from the southeast.But Zhang Han copied his retreat.Song Liu saw that Nanyang had fallen, and he lost the support from the back line, so he had to fight aimlessly.Seeing that the team was fighting less and less, I thought maybe surrendering would save the lives of the brothers.So he surrendered to the Qin army - this is the only one in the playing card that surrendered to Qin.

Zhang Han loaded the K of Hearts into the carriage, bathed in the winter breeze and cool sunshine, and sent it all the way to Xianyang.After getting off the car, Song Liu was told not to go far, but to transfer to five carriages directly.Song Liu let out a wolf howl, but it was useless.Five carriages pulled Song Liu in five directions——pulling him into the shape of a starfish.In the end, each car carried one-fifth of Song Liu's corpses, and patrolled Xianyang City coldly. Since then, few of the rebel generals surrendered. Because surrender is also death. The leaves of the maple trees on the land of China are as red as blood for some reason!

Next, it was the turn of the four Qs in the playing cards: Qin Jia, Zhao Ping, Deng Zong, Zhou Shi.These four Qs were forced to shrink towards the eastern edge of the mainland of my country due to the arrogance of Qin Bing's repeated victories.They have recruited some local rebels, and they have resisted stubbornly, and they are not dead for the time being. As for the four Js in the playing cards, three of them have already died. The revolutionary situation fell into the darkest period. It was really rainy and dark, but there were also cocks crowing: the last living jack, the jack of hearts, named Lu Chen, took the initiative to attack the unstoppable Qin army. .

Lu Chen is a person who is not afraid of death, or death is afraid of him.In the darkest time, he was the only one who took the initiative to attack the Qin army.He brought filial piety to Chen Sheng, formed a cangtou army, and launched a major counterattack against Chencheng, which was occupied by the Qin army, crying.The so-called Cangtou Army, is the blue scarf wrapped head, no helmet, is a soft package, probably originally non-soldiers in the rebel army (many soldiers were recruited county soldiers, and many county soldiers were conscripted from the city civilians ). Lu Chen himself is not a regular warrior, but an "old man" from Chen Sheng's former family.This gives us more reason to believe that Chen Sheng may have been a small rich man or an official before the uprising, otherwise his family would not have had any people.The so-called Juanren is the chief steward of a wealthy family.

As an old housekeeper, Juan Luchen has a different feeling for Chen Sheng.When the generals defected from Chen Sheng or stood by, the butler was in a hurry.The ambition to avenge his master armed the former head of the household.With that group of soft-packed underdogs, he managed to recover Chen Cheng.He also killed Comrade Zhuang Jia, the traitor plum blossom who was hiding in Chencheng, and he avenged Chen Sheng. Not long after Zhang Han heard about this, he gave two very high-ranking subordinates, Zuo Xiaowei and You Xiaowei, and successfully recaptured Chencheng again.Heart J Luchen lost his packing along the way, and fled to the city to break through. [The so-called Zuo Xiaowei and Right Xiaowei are the highest-ranking officers below the general.Below the general is the school lieutenant, and the troops led by the school lieutenant are called "departments".There are several "qu" under the department.This is the so-called "step".The leader of Qu is called "Sima".There are several teams under the song, and the leader of the team is called "team rate".General——Department (School Lieutenant)—Qu (Sima)——Team (team rate) is the typical organization of the Qin Empire's army.Whether it is the government army protecting the empire or the uprising army aiming to overthrow the empire, this organization is adopted.Departments, songs, teams, probably referred to as "troops". ]

Heart J Luchen, after being beaten out of Chencheng, found that he no longer had a decent army under him, so he went to recruit bandits.He found Yingbu, the thief in Poyang Lake. Yingbo has a scar on his face, but it is not a scar, but the inscription on his face when he committed a crime.He gathered people in Poyang Lake to become robbers. Lu'an, where Yingbu grew up, is a famous place.At that time, Comrade Gao Tao, a senior cadre in the period of Yao, Shun and Yu, originally planned to succeed Dayu, but unfortunately Dayu died first (so it was Dayu's son Qicai's turn to take the throne).Out of deceit or sincerity, Dayu enshrined Gaotao's descendants in Yingheliu.Both Yinghe Liu are located in Lu'an, Anhui, near Hefei.Yingbu's surname is Ying, and he was born in Liu, so both places were occupied by him.Now there is Gaotao’s big tomb in Lu’an, Anhui. I passed by when I went to Hefei to give lectures—but because it was on the road at dawn, I couldn’t see it clearly. It’s on the side of the road. In short, it’s a big mound. , can be seen carefully.But I still felt the cold wind in the winter morning, so I didn't get out of the car.

Although he grew up guarding the grave of the great sage Gaotao, Yingbu still didn't learn well. After he broke the law, he was dealt with the black punishment among the five punishments formulated by the great sage Gaotao. The so-called ink punishment is to engrave words on the face.At that time, the file system had not yet been established, and there was no paper manufacturing technology that polluted the environment, so it was popular to tattoo on the faces of criminals in an environmentally friendly way.Let him take the files with him from now on.Going to the streets and eating, all with files.After engraving the words, they still need to be stained with ink, so the words on Yingbu's face are all black.

Due to disrepair for a long time, we can no longer find Yingbo's face today, and we have no way of knowing the authentic writing on his face.According to my speculation, the content of the words on the face is nothing more than this: "I am sentenced to five years of labor education and will permanently deprive the prisoner of political rights for life through the inscription on the face. This notice is hereby issued——Lu'an County, Great Qin Empire The local government was assassinated in the 33rd year of Emperor Shihuang." Due to the relatively large amount of writing, reading the inscription on his face is like reading an essay.

Lettering, although it is very fashionable today, was probably a shame at that time, so people laughed at Yingbu. Yingbu himself said: "Don't be afraid. The person who met me in the past said that I would be a king if I committed a crime and had words carved on my face. Look at the three big characters on my face. Does it look like a tiger with the word king on its head?" So people laughed at this optimistic criminal.The so-called Haixiao - this is the original word in "Historical Records" - "haiku" is advocating excellence, that is, making the kind of laughter like after watching a cross talk sketch. The word "haiku" is no longer used, but the Japanese still use it-this is probably "seeking out of courtesy".In any case, Yingbo's words are indeed funny and entertaining.In this way, he happily walked the streets every day with this black notice on his forehead.A person with a bright and open mind like him must be able to be a successful thief.

Yingbo with writing on his face was sent to Lishan Labor Reform.During the reform-through-labor period, Yingbu paid no attention to physical and mental reform, and only interacted with the cunning degenerate elements in the reform-through-labor team, and met many gangsters.Later, he took advantage of the negligence of the supervisors and ineffective supervision, and escaped with some bigwigs, and fled to Poyang Lake on the edge of the Yangtze River as a thief. Lu Chen told him about the revolutionary situation at that time.Lu Chen said: "Don't continue to engage in robbery, which has no technical content at all. You can rebel with me." So Ying Bu followed Lu Chen out of Poyang Lake and went north to the Central Plains.

They saw that the sky over the Central Plains was pale and silent.Probably because the previous revolutionary scenery was too lively, the contemplation of Leh and the sky seemed the most silent at this time. There are not many thieves in Yingbo, but he married the daughter of the county magistrate of Poyang, and his father-in-law's county soldiers together numbered thousands. Thousands of Poyang bandits led by Yingbu joined forces with Poyang County soldiers and a few remnants of Lu Chen to form a large formation. They had an encounter with the left and right captains of the Qin Army in the Xincai area of ​​Henan Province. The two sides began to kick each other Get up, after a life-and-death kick, Qin Jun was finally kicked away.The two highest-ranking subordinate officials under Zhang Han, the left and right captains, were actually "destroyed" by Yingbo.Yingbo took advantage of the victory and recovered Chencheng.Yingbu is really a brave warrior! However, the situation of the Central Plains Rebel Army was very bleak after all.Lu Chen and Ying Bo stood on the top of the recovered Chencheng, looking at the faint sky, wandering and moving the sun, feeling very melancholy.The two felt that the "Qin" songs on all sides were in danger.So the two of them left the Central Plains, led the team, moved eastward, and defected to the rising "Ace of Spades" in Jiangsu - the Xiang family! Here is a breaking news in advance, revealing the final outcome of Lu Chen and Yingbo. Lu Chen, the jack of hearts, went to Xiang Liang first, and finally to Liu Bang, who was named Marquis of Ningling by Liu Bang. It can be regarded as a revolution, the only remaining poker. Yingbu's title was higher, and he was named King of Huainan by Liu Bang. He became one of the seven kings with different surnames in the early Han Dynasty, fulfilling his heroic prophecy of "being a king when he is punished".However, Yingbo was finally forced by Lao Liu.Liu Bang's crusade army beat him to only a few hundred people, and he fled to Poyang Lake in Jiangxi, where he was killed by the local aborigines.From Poyang Lake to Poyang Lake, Yingbu drew a perfect circle.Poyang Lake fed him, and he also fed the aquatic plants and animals of Poyang Lake.Poyang Lake is a place to raise people. Xiang Yu, also known as Xiang Ji, is a general of the Chu Kingdom for generations. His style name is Yu, and his English name is Armstrong. He is good at weightlifting.He is more than eight feet long, which is equivalent to the current 1.84 meters, which is the standard height of a male model. At a glance, in the Jiangsu area where dwarves are everywhere, it is directly 40% taller than those thin ordinary people (especially minors). At the toll exit of Suqian City on the Beijing-Shanghai Expressway, there is a sign with Xiang Yu holding a tripod - because this is Xiang Yu's hometown, it was called Xiaxiang in ancient times.It's just that the tripod above is held upside down: Brother Xiang Yu on the billboard is holding the legs of the tripod with both hands, holding them high in the air.This is really not the essentials of the action of lifting the tripod.He should be holding the two tripod ears, turning the belly of the tripod up to the top of his head.If Xiang Yu moves according to the way on the billboard, he cannot be included in the score. As a famous muscular man in ancient times, Xiang Yu was very gentle. He was both muscular and gentle. It was a complex contradiction. According to Han Xin's later observations, Xiang Yu was respectful and loving when he spoke to people, and his words were gentle. He would never swear "Your old man, your old man" (Er Gong) like Liu Bang. As for the lover, it is in stark contrast to Liu Bang's "slow and insulting" (Liu Bang likes to insult his colleagues in the yamen, grabbing other people's hats and peeing in them, but Xiang Yu does not have these vulgar habits). Han Xin also said that as soon as Xiang Yu saw someone else was sick, he would cry over it and divide food and drink for him. Xiang Yu was a gentle and polite person. Xiang Yu's previous two generations were relatively well-educated: his grandfather was Xiang Yan, a famous general of Chu State, and his father was also well-educated. The evidence is that his father was very good at naming him: the name is Xiang Ji, and the word Yu.Feather, Feiteng also, Ji, significant also.Remarkably soared.This is a beautiful and lofty name, perhaps better than Liu Bang's "Liu Laosi".But due to inexplicable reasons, Xiang's father did not appear in the history books later, and it was Xiang's father's younger brother, Uncle Xiang Liang, who pulled Xiang Yu to grow up. Uncle Xiang Liang took Xiang Yu's juvenile education very seriously.The first is to learn cultural lessons, which is about reciting some purely nationalist things, such as the traditional revolutionary poem of Chu Fuguoism written by Teacher Qu Yuan, "The road to Yingying is far away, and the soul dies overnight." Sometimes, Uncle Xiang Liang would make up some revolutionary stories for Xiang Yu to listen to as a history lesson. Xiang Liang said: "When I think about the past, I have ups and downs. I remember that once, your grandfather sent me to deliver a letter-they were fighting with the Qin invaders in Huaibei at that time-send me alone to deliver the letter, but on the way Encountering a Qu from Qin Bing (Qu has several teams under his jurisdiction), I rushed forward without thinking about myself and wiped out the enemy!" "Didn't you say you met a team last year?" Xiang Yu asked strangely. Xiang Liang was stunned for a moment, then slowly said: "Oh...you were too young last year, I was afraid to scare you. Now it's fine." Thanks to his uncle's teachings, Xiang Yu was ambitious and ambitious in his youth, showing that he didn't like reading. Xiang Yu didn't pay enough attention to cultural lessons.These densely-packed rigid characters, like ghost characters, have no other purpose except to damage eyesight.And if you read too much, you will see neurasthenia. As a result, Xiang Yu's ability to write articles did not reach Sima Qian's level, so he changed to learn swords.But after wielding the sword for a while, he still didn't reach the level of Yue Buqun of the Huashan School, so he slacked off again. Uncle Xiang Liang became angry: "You don't have perseverance in whatever you do!" Xiang Yu saluted and said: "Uncle, for writing, you only need to know how to write your name. No matter how good your writing is, you are still just a scribe. As for fencing, it is only a one-man enemy. It is not worth too much effort. I ask you to learn ten thousand enemies." So Xiang Liang was overjoyed, and hurriedly brought out a large number of great books such as "Sun Tzu's Art of War" and "Tai Gong's Military Talisman" in his home, and asked Xiang Yu to learn them.Xiang Yu was quite excited, he piled up these military books on the desk, took a look at them, and after "knowing a little bit of their meaning", he "refused to learn" again.Probably these military books have the same meaning, a bucket of water poured over and over, he basically comprehended the meaning of the book, the 28th principle, so he didn't want to waste any more time.Or about Xiang Yu's talent is excellent, he can know everything from what he hears, and understand by analogy. Although Xiang Yu didn't like reading, unexpectedly, this gentle and muscular man was "extraordinarily talented" (Sima Qian's words).The specific manifestation is that Xiang Yu's speech is meaningful and logical, clanging, as if flying flowers filled his eyes, spraying people out of reason, and running away with their heads in their hands.When Wuzhong's disciples saw Xiang Yu, they were afraid of him because they couldn't speak well of him--talented scholars from Jiangnan were also afraid of arguing with him.If he had a chance to meet the "Four Heroes of Wuzhong", that is, playboys like Tang Bohu and Zhu Zhishan, who were also in Suzhou, he would definitely go up and compare the couplets. Such a man capable of writing and martial arts, of course he can't waste the talent given to him by the heavens, Xiang Yu is on his way to a life that is more anxious than joyful, and everything will start when he is twenty-four years old. The South and the North are really different.It has already snowed in Beijing, but it is still light rain here in Suzhou. In the past few days, I will stay in Suzhou to give training to local enterprises.I live in Xucheng Building.The name Xucheng Building probably came from Wu Zixu. During the noon break, looking out from the lobby, the street is watery.Pedestrians' shoes are like white clouds and gray dogs, passing by in a shuttle.The doors and windows of the store opposite reflected the bus rushing through the rain, but there was no sound.The sycamore tree stands alone across its abstract backbone, and some small bell-like white flowers are hung all over another piece of inexplicable tree.The female staff who are used to work are walking in the rain and thinking about it absently. The southern woman with plump cheeks, the woman with a thick white shirt, the foreign farm worker whose soles are splashed with muddy water, and the girl in denim with fluttering hair are looking around in the street. The old women at the stall, the dicks looking at the pedestrians, and the smell of steamed buns and fried chicken at the entrance of the alley, entered my heart through the rain. Today's Suzhou City is a silent city. Thinking back two thousand years ago, this water city in the south of the Yangtze River was run by Fuchai, the king of Wu, and there were martyrs Zhuanzhu Yaoli, who liked to fight tragically with their lives. There is a world of difference between the hard Suzhou of Banjun, ministers and people, and the soft Suzhou of Wu Nong's soft language and pipa Tanci today. According to the people of the Han Dynasty, the rulers of Wu and Yue were very brave, and their people were good at using swords, and they were easy to kill when they died lightly.It shows that the Suzhou people at that time liked to flaunt the word "brave", fencing, fighting, and fighting privately, and they were fierce and straightforward. People like Zhuan Zhu were easy to be provoked and attacked others, and they would easily repay favors or revenge. Fighting with life and death. In short, it is a very vigorous seafood, which is the complete opposite of today's gentle and elegant.Has popularity changed so much from ancient to modern times? At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the sheriff of Kuaiji County who worked in Suzhou City—equivalent to the governors of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces—was named Yin Tong, and he was a guy with great ambitions.At that time, when Chen Sheng and Wu Guang rose up in Daze Township, the entire Jiangbei area was boiling. When the news came, Yin Tong was also very itchy. As the chief executive of Wu and Yue, and the chief official of the Qin Empire, Yin Tong didn't have the slightest intention of defending the empire, but was full of evil thoughts of rebellion. Yin Tong is not a "peasant" who can't survive. Why did he revolt? It can be seen that the huge power in this movement lies not only in the peasants' anti-exploitation, but also in the political aspect. Specifically, it is the contradiction between the six countries and Qin. .If peasants' anti-landlord exploitation is the main contradiction and nature, then "representatives of the landlord class" such as Yin Tong and the aforementioned Poyang county magistrate and later Peixian county magistrate, as well as a large number of heroes and officials, should actively suppress Farmers, rather than pulling poles to revolt.So this movement is actually mainly a political movement for the restoration of the Six Kingdoms.Similarly, if it was a peasant uprising, then why did the six countries have it, but there was no uprising in Qin? Could it be that the peasants in Qin were not exploited?Are the landlords of the Qin State more benevolent and righteous than the landlords of the Six Kingdoms?But Qin State did not revolt.Therefore, the Six Nations Movement is mainly a political movement for the restoration of the country. At most, it is a complete movement for the restoration of the Six Kingdoms that took place against the background of oppression and persecution of the people (not only peasants, but also urban civilians and other social classes). country's political movement!It is not a movement whose main nature is the so-called peasant uprising to overthrow the landlord regime-the latter statement cannot summarize the main body and mainstream of the people's movement in the late Qin Dynasty, as well as its reasons, motivations, goals, development process and final practical product. No matter what, Yin Tong wanted to rebel. Like Chen Sheng, he wanted to restore the country (in a broad sense), and of course he also wanted to achieve his own fame. However, any social movement has risks.In the history of China, there are as many riots as an ox hair, but few can achieve their goals.The probability of success is less than one in ten thousand, but the probability of losing the head is nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine in ten thousand.Annihilation by opponents of a political movement or other forces that make up the movement.So the uprising movement is like a frenzied economic overheating. In the end, 99% of the bubbles will be squeezed, and only one person will be left to claim the title of king and emperor.Most of the rioters lost their heads, and they were used as fertilizer or a ladder for the one percent successful.Just like ninety-nine percent of Internet companies are going to be acquired or go bankrupt, it is a bedding and popularity for one percent of successful companies.However, this 1% probability of success still attracts countless ambitious speculators, who are willing to take the risk of "turning into a bubble and laughing at the world" to swim in it.But from a positive point of view, it is precisely this 1% probability of success that is still very attractive to adventurers, which has prompted more resources and elites to devote themselves to it, igniting this new industry (Internet) or social revival. The explosion of national sports. Unfortunately, Yin Tong belongs to the 99% of the bubbles that are about to be crushed.Even before his bubbles started to pop, they were crushed.What crushed him was not the supervisory censor of the Great Qin Empire, but another big bubble next to him. On this day, Yin Tong called the "big bubble" Xiang Liang into his provincial government compound (it was called "Fu" at the time), and said to Xiang Liang: "Brother, the entire Jiangzuo area is now rebelling. I am afraid that the empire will not be able to survive for a few days. He who understands affairs is a brilliant man. I heard that first, people are controlled, and then they are controlled by others (meaning, if you enter the Internet first, you will publish it; if you enter the Internet late, you will be out of play). So I also want to start a website right away—send troops immediately, and join this vigorous movement. Wouldn’t it be wonderful to be king and Daogu in the future.” Xiang Liang said: "This idea sounds exciting, but do you have all the talents in place to run the website?" "That's why I called you here today. Your brother has been undertaking government projects. I have long thought that you are a talent, and you are the most suitable to be my COO (Chief Operating Officer, similar to the executive general manager). There is also a Huan Chu , It is also very suitable to be my CTO (chief technology officer, similar to the chief engineer). I am going to let the two of you lead the army and go out to fight for me." At that time, "CTO" Huan Chu was fleeing in Daze and dared not come out. Xiang Liang said: "Huan Chu is now hiding in a lake with an unknown name." "However," Xiang Liang continued, "my nephew Xiang Yu has always been entrusted by Huan Chu. He knows where Huan Chu is hiding, so he should be able to find him." "Where is your nephew?" "Now stand by the hall." Then the camera panned to the lower hall—in the winter of early 208 BC, in the courtyard under the hall of the Kuaiji County government office where the cold wind licked clean, the yellow leaves of the camphor tree floated down, and the air suddenly became very cold. The camphor tree The yellow leaves flashed across the forehead of the standing man and mixed into thousands of fallen leaves.The side of that person's face, which was hard and cold by the autumn wind, shone slightly with the last sun at the end of the western sky.I was a little dazzled for a while.All you can see are the dense forests in the south of the Yangtze River. The one standing alone in the courtyard is the one who can carry the weight, is talented in literature, can sing, looks dignified, has a great enterprising spirit, and sometimes looks like a woman—a gentle muscular man, Mr. Xiang Yu . He came with his uncle Xiang Liang. Xiang Liang was ordered by the county guard to go down, walked to the middle of the courtyard, and said to Xiang Yu who had been standing there for a long time, "You have a big event to do today." "What's up?" "Don't ask. Have you brought your sword?" "Bring it. Behind the ass." "I will ask you to kill Yin Tong, the governor of the county, later." "There are so many people in the hall, which one is the sheriff?" "Anyone without a weapon is a sheriff." "Your respect!" After Xiang Liang listened, he nodded.It's great, a person who has never killed anyone is so calm and calm when he is suddenly told to start a maiden kill.It is worthy of being the leader of the Xiang clan. "Wait a minute," Xiang Yu asked, "When will we do it?" "Listen to my password." "What's the password?" "Use the nunchaku quickly!" "Oh……" But Xiang Yu should not say "Oh", but "No". "Nuo" is a colloquial language of the ancients - it means: I have received your order, and I will follow it!The translation is "Copy!" This is what is said in foreign police and criminal movies. Xiang Yu said, "No!" At this time, we will insert the commentary: According to an insider, Mr. Han Xin, who told Liu Bang afterwards, Xiang Yu is usually very shy, polite, and kind-hearted, but when he is about to kill someone in battle, he suddenly turns silent and vicious, and thousands of people are abolished. one person.In short, he is an extremely gentle and extremely violent person. In addition, how did Xiang Yu become the master?I guess it's like Bruce Lee, in a fierce fight, he uttered a strange, shrill, strange bird-like cry: "Evil-woo-oh-oh-oh..." The opponent's ears popped. Ma, half body disabled.Bruce Lee's cry was once named one of the "Top Ten Sexiest Calls" in Hollywood.And our big brother Xiang Yu's "dumb evil smashing", Cheng Yaojin's "Wow" scream, Zhang Fei's "Dangyang Bridge roar", and Deng Yaping's "Ahh" scream when hitting the ball, At the same time, it was also rated as "Top Ten Most Outstanding Calls in Ancient and Modern China" by me. (The other six selected calls are still to be determined). Returning to the book, Xiang Liang finished explaining to Xiang Yu, went up to the hall repeatedly, sat down, and said: "My cheap nephew Xiang Yu does know the whereabouts of the CTO." "Very good, call him up." So Xiang Yu climbed up the steps, one side climbed, the other side hung his shoulders, bowed his head, respectful.Every time you climb a step, you have to stop for a while. After both feet land on the same step, you will go up to the next step to show respect and caution.But you can't be too dawdly, and you have to look as anxious as possible, rushing to the call from above, for fear that the nobles in the hall will be anxious.When he reached the entrance of the hall, he stopped again, took off his shoes meticulously, and placed them outside the door, alongside Xiang Liang's shoes, Yin Tong's shoes, and the shoes of a group of riot police.And you have to arrange the shoes that others haven't put in order.As a gesture of extra respect, he should also take off his socks, in accordance with the strictest etiquette.But there was no nylon invented by DuPont at that time, so the socks were not elastic, and two ropes were needed to hang them around the neck of the calf, which is still the case with master monks today. So, Xiang Yu took the trouble to untie the socks meticulously.No rush at all.It's really polite to kill people. "No need, come up quickly." The county guard Yin Tong said. "only." So Xiang Yu entered the hall wearing socks, and knelt down, with his knees not far from Yin Tong's. Yin Tong asked: "Xiang Yu, is Huan Chu your entrustment? Where did he hide?" According to my estimation, Xiang Yu probably answered like this: "He went to Yangcheng Lake Hairy Crab Farm to raise crabs." "No way, it's winter now." Yin Tong was as surprised as we were. "Hairy crabs like to live in deep water and are not afraid of the cold. Even if they are soaked in ice water, other crabs will freeze to death, but the hairy crabs will still be alive and well." "why?" "Because the hairy crab species are different." "how do you know?" "Because I'm a different species!" "What kind are you?" "I am the grandson of the Xiang family, a family of generals in the former Chu Kingdom!" Xiang Yu replied loudly. "Oh, of course I know that," Yin Tong was stunned for a few seconds, "but what do you intend to do?" "I want to wipe out the Qin government and revive the Great Chu." "Very good. That's exactly what I meant today. So, we..." Uncle Xiang Liang thought it was enough, so he interrupted suddenly, winked at Xiang Yu, and said, "Okay, time is up, you can use the nunchuck." Xiang Yu froze for a moment: "I'm sorry, can I use the nunchuck now, or should I use it soon?" "Don't ask, just use the nunchuck." "Okay!" Xiang Yu jumped up from the mat with a sound of pressing his sword, and pulled out the sword behind his buttocks from mid-air. A falcon jumped at a chicken, and with the quacking sound of a strange bird, he threw the bronze sword at Yin Tong's body. Cut off the neck. Yin Tong was caught off guard and instinctively raised his hand, his face changed drastically, there was no time. Accompanied by the light knocking sound of Yin Tong's head rolling to the floor, there was a dull sigh as a big bubble burst and extinguished. Yin Tong is also a little bit behind! Next, Xiang Yu fought hand-to-hand with the riot police.After a fight, "Ji Suo killed dozens of people"——Xiang Yu killed dozens of people alone!It can be seen that although he is 1.84 meters tall, his flexibility does not decrease, otherwise it would not be easy to fight and kill dozens of riot police.All the security guards and policemen in the county mansion even joined forces and couldn't resist Xiang Yu's blood-colored copper blade. Many opponents were overwhelmed by his powerful offensive before they could draw out their weapons to fight back. Blood flowed like rivers in the Sheriff's Mansion. Finally, the scene fell silent.Regardless of whether they were alive or dead, all the people in the whole house fell to the ground in fear and trembling, and no one dared to get up. Xiang Liang and Yin Tong have no different political goals, they are just competing for resources.The elite soldiers of the counties in Kuaiji County are the resources they must use for their uprising.Xiang Liang killed Yin Tong and obtained this resource, which is the same as Chen Sheng killed a general and obtained 900 soldiers. And their political goals are the same.It's just that when Chen Sheng said "wait for death, the country can die" [the same death, die for (restoration of) Chu State], his starting point was more difficult than Xiang Liang.Xiang Liang At this time, the situation of perishing Qin and restoring Chu was already in full swing, so it was relatively easy to start an uprising. Xiang Liang has always been influential in Suzhou.He has been undertaking government projects for a long time, which is what Sima Qian called "big corvee", such as the renovation of the Second Ring Road, the construction of a gymnasium, the city wall and so on.Xiang Liang was very successful in organizing these projects. It is said that he used the art of war to manage these projects, so that the local wise men, heroes and officials in Suzhou thought they were not as capable as Xiang Liang.Even Yin Tong, the county guard, wanted to mention him as his COO. Xiang Liang also has a part-time job, that is, he likes to be a host.According to Sima Qian, Xiang Liang presided over the funerals of many local dignitaries in Suzhou.His hosting style is vivid and sensational, whether it is crying or funny, it makes people obsessed and crazy.Many fans followed him everywhere to attend the funeral hosted by him.There was a crowd of spectators at the funeral.Not only is Diao Ke addicted to the life stories of the deceased he tells, but even the deceased in the coffin often sits up laughing and sometimes tears—for example, when he tells the process of the deceased’s unlucky death, he is infected anyway. It's a mess.Until the end of the ceremony, the host drove away under the chase of the admirers. The deceased could not leave because of something, so he reluctantly lay back in the coffin and died happily. Xiang Liang's art of presiding over funerals is often like this. Xiang Liang became more and more popular.He held up Yin Tong's head, hung Yin Tong's official seal on his waist, and summoned the top figures in Suzhou's official circles and localities to discuss matters.Many of these people have been Xiang Liang's admirers for a long time, and they all recommended Xiang Liang as CEO (CEO, similar to general manager and president) with one voice.Xiang Liang raised the huge banner of the people in the southeast against Qin, and appointed himself the governor of Kuaiji County. His nephew Xiang Yu (24 years old at the time) was the deputy general. Other military officials such as school lieutenant, Sima, and Junhou were awarded to Suzhou Local heroes and capable government officials. All these officials and heroes were willing to revolt, and they then conscripted elite soldiers from various counties in Kuaiji County. Is this a peasant uprising?And this situation is not limited to Kuaiji County, we can see similar situations in other regions later. Don't say that those elite soldiers are farmers.As I have already said, civilians in cities are still required to perform military service. These county soldiers cannot represent the peasants. If it is a peasant uprising, these elite soldiers are the "officers and soldiers" who suppress the peasant uprising. Not much to say. However, not everyone is happy.When appointing officials, the son of a food bureau chief (or other officials) complained loudly: "I am also the son of a grain bureau chief, and Xiang Liang didn't even give a team leader an official." Me! Tomorrow I will..." The next day, he sharpened the two kitchen knives at home, tucked one on each chest and back, and decided to have a showdown with Xiang Liang. Seeing him, Xiang Liang said, "Last time when a certain person died, I hosted the funeral. Do you remember that? There were two or three hundred cars for mourning guests (generally, the mourning family is more proud of the guests) .Since you are the son of the head of grain, I asked you to purchase horse feed in advance. As a result, you bought all the millet and soybeans that your father dug from the mouse hole when he was repairing the granary. These horses ate what the mice licked Drooling rice, diarrhea is not counted when running that day, and according to reports, after returning home, these horses grind their teeth like mice at night, their eyes are sly, and they often bite all kinds of household items. Up to now, the guests are still there Complain to me! "You kind of fake power for personal gain, can I let you be the leader of the team? At that time, I must not let my soldiers eat rats!" The man was left speechless by the question, and retreated in embarrassment.Therefore, everyone admired Xiang Liang's ability to appoint people and judge affairs. It is said that when Xiang Liang hosted government projects and funerals in the past, he consciously observed and understood the ability of his subordinates who were appointed to handle affairs, so as to prepare for future major events. Xiang Liang sent another group of strong cadres to the counties under the jurisdiction of Kuaiji County to collect troops. At that time, Kuaiji County had a relatively large area, including the ancient Wu and Yue, which is now most of Jiangsu and Zhejiang.Counties have county soldiers, and counties have county soldiers.County soldiers are mainly used to maintain local order and prevent unrest. The special commissioners walked around the counties, relying on Xiang Liang's county magistrate's big seal as a backing-of course, this big seal was forcibly taken and invalid, but based on their stated interests, many counties accepted their He advocated and announced that he would follow Xiang Liang and open the county barracks to let them go in to select candidates.So they are just like McDonald's buyers picking big potatoes, they chose eight thousand soldiers who are strong and strong, all of them are active soldiers, all of them are great people, and the size is larger than ordinary potatoes (normal potatoes are only suitable for mashed potatoes, they are suitable for making large French fries ). These 8,000 strong men from the land of vengeance and hatred and the country of light death (referring to the country of Yue and the country of Wu respectively), followed Xiang Liang's uncle and nephew, and then fought north and south, Yanzhao in the north, and Sanqin in the west. In less than five or six years, all of these people died, and none of them returned to their hometown alive, together with their leader, the uncle and nephew Xiang.Their flesh and blood were crushed into the soil of a foreign land like mashed potatoes. This is what Xiang Yu lamented before his death: "I crossed the river with eight thousand children from the east of the river to the west, and none of them returned today."——Many years later, their family My wife must be like people say, in the depths of the flowers, there lives an old lover, sewing embroidered shoes, and an old man with a peaceful face is still waiting for the return of the expedition.And that beloved man, as people said, would stand outside the city gate in the cold wind, wearing a rusty iron suit, calling for the city gate to open, with tears in his eyes! One night in Suzhou (one night in Suzhou), if you go back to BC, you must leave a lot of sad feelings. Back in 208 BC, these 8,000 soldiers from Suzhou, wearing brand-new iron suits, were still jumping around and bright-eyed, and they were ready to go! Just before they crossed the river to the west, a big card on a poker card came to them. This person is Heart Q Zhaoping.召平是陈胜的部属。陈胜给了他三五个勤务兵和几十张空白委任状，叫他回他的老家扬州（就是“十年一觉扬州梦”的地方）去发展队伍。召平在扬州上蹿下跳地活动一番，但是扬州人只知道做梦，不愿意跟着他造反。他只好心灰意懒地在扬州城的旅馆里住下。 这一天，他听说陈胜的两支西征大军全部覆灭，陈王本人也从中原败走，各郡县正在清查变民。召平赶紧慌慌张张收拾起小广告，向南买渡过江，去了几十公里以南的苏州。他见到会稽郡守项梁，就发给项梁一份委任状，说：“您的郡守，恐怕是您自封的。您的官印上刻的字——我估计它还是'会稽郡守通印'六个字吧。而且，据我所知，上柱国的官儿，可比郡守大两级。” 项梁一看委任状，上面写着：“兹特委任将军项梁，为楚王上柱国。急引兵而西，击秦军于中原，脱孤于困厄。”落款是“陈王胜，张楚元年六月”。 项梁看罢，回家跟项氏家族弟兄，还有项羽等人认真计议了一番，觉得在东南蜷缩，成方面一霸（简称面霸，今晚我吃的），这个路子是被动挨打的。陈胜也是楚人，我们应当牢记“楚虽三户，亡秦必楚”的民族誓言，同仇敌忾，与子同袍，赴汤蹈火，死无足惜地引兵渡江北上，解救陈王于孤危，邀战章邯于中原，创就一篇东南赤子谋求故国三千里明月复升的激扬史诗。 长江两岸丘陵都不高，连绵不下几百里，接水之处，丘壁危立。草木盛的地方，软茸茸地滚成山团，点点滴滴，墨绿可爱。几百艘战船，整齐地划动着两排船桨，搏浪急进，忽高忽低，像水面上展翅飞翔的鸟儿。战士们伸手，总想把山坡上满眼的碧草拔一拔。 八千子弟县兵，渡过江去。 从长江，再往北行军二百多公里，就是江苏北部的东阳县（今盱眙）。在那里，项梁军被一群“少年”截住了。 现在我们必须按住项梁的大队人马，而改说一说秦汉时期的“少年”。 秦汉时期的年轻人，可以分成两类：一类是阳光男孩，一类是非常凶猛的两腿动物。前一类古人如何称呼他们，我没有研究，大约可以叫“子弟”。后一类则被古人专称为“少年”。这个“少年”不同于现代汉语的少年，而是贬义词，是指年轻人中的坏类。韩信就曾经从这种“少年”的裤裆下面钻过去过。他们一贯在地方为恶，强力斗狠、横行乡党、斗鸡走狗、抢劫勒索、违法犯禁。 这帮少年，是政府打击的对象。 东阳县的父母官大老爷，就是非常“正直”的整人专家，他们秉承了秦二世在修改法令后所形成的酷刑主义。秦二世给他们定的目标是：“让农贸市场变成装犯人的大监狱，让马路上走着的都是赶奔农贸市场的人。”（囹圄成市，赭衣塞道。）于是他们都善于“苛察”（秦二世以“苛察为忠”），抓到一个嫌疑犯，立刻就想证明他有罪。就像拿到一张发票，立刻就要刮刮有没有中奖一样。一旦抓对了，比如抓住了犯事的“少年”，就像中奖一样高兴。而且还想中大奖。那就通过苛察来放大他的罪条，把本来应该挨鞭子的，定成断足削腿儿。 于是，死尸和零碎的手脚，每天都要在农贸市场里堆几堆。 这些“少年”们固然危害社会，是有罪，但父母官大老爷加给他们的刑罚，也确实是超重过当了。 于是，“少年”们恨得眼睛出血，与地方官吏势同冰火（这不是农民与地主的矛盾，而是城市平民与政府的矛盾）。他们都想把长剑刺进地方官长的肚子里边去。但是，慑于政府的威势，“少年”们不敢发作。——这里，我把“少年”两个字都加了引号，因为它是《史记》中的原词，与现代意义上的少年不同。《史记》等古书中的“少年”专指问题少年。 好消息突然传来，陈胜在大泽乡开闹了，“少年”们如蒙大赦，立刻想到利用这个混乱机会复仇。他们壮起胆子，拎着剑戟，手臂套上箭袖，带上各种作案工具，实在没有工具的就抱着斗鸡，蜂拥跑至县令府，红着眼，把他们的父母官——县令，给杀了。 这种情况非常之多，许多郡县的少年和父老，都刑杀了他们的郡守、县令这种一把手长官，然后宣布起事反秦，以响应建立张楚国，宣布大楚兴的陈胜。 东阳县的情况也是如此，“东阳少年”们杀了自己的县令以后，复仇完毕，“少年”们则越聚越多，最后多达数千人。下面要做的事情，就是选一个领袖。县长秘书陈婴，是个讲信用、谨慎的人，是个长者。 于是，“少年”们就拎着刀剑、棒子，骑着摩托车，带着斗鸡，闯进陈秘书的家里。陈秘书正在给领导起草讲话稿呢，题目是《集中警力开展打击“少年犯罪”和“两抢一盗”专项行动》，他刚写道：“计划派出一千人次警力在重点民宅蹲点守候……”没等一千警力派出去，一千以上的坏少年却像乌云一样降落了。 陈秘书整个晕菜了，发出一声鸟叫：“不关我的事啊。我写的东西只是给领导念着玩儿，从来不算数的啊！” “不要怕，我们是来请你做选择题的。” 这时，一个女少年爬到凳子上，说：“准备好了吗？请听题！A.你答应当我们的领袖。B.你不答应当我们的领袖，但我们拧断你的十个手指头。” 陈秘书说：“我要上厕所。” “没有这个选项，只有A和B。”一少年举起铁棒子。 陈秘书哆嗦了半天：“可是，我选什么，我得向领导请示呀。”（这也是职业病来的。） 少年大怒：“你再啰唆！你的领导已经被我们杀了。你快自己拿主意吧。” 经少年们的一番恐吓，陈秘书终于找回了理智。他说：“我选A。” “选A，”女少年沉吟了一下，“你确定吗？”她笑着张开两个大嘴唇看着答题人，笑得很灿烂也很廉价，还貌似特别神秘莫测，搞得好像她很懂这道题似的，其实她可能根本都不明白。 陈秘书沉思很久，终于鼓起勇气，吐了一口大气：“我……我确定。” “确定，你确定是吗？确定是改还是不改了？” 陈秘书狂吐一口鲜血：“我……我……我、我不确定。” “不确定，我可以帮你去掉一个错误答案好吗？” “哦，那最好。” “B是错误答案。好了，现在请你作答，A还是B？” 陈秘书又狂吐一口鲜血：“我……我……我就选A了！” 众人一阵欢呼，纳头便拜：“恭喜你！答对了！” 可是，节外生枝，有个有野心的少年当场站出来，说：“可是我们怎么称呼陈秘书呢？东阳令，级别是不是太低了？我认为，应该让他当王。这样我们也可以被封为侯、柱国什么的，岂不更得意！” 少年们觉得有道理，于是吵着让陈婴重新答题。 女少年赶紧又爬上凳子。陈婴哭丧着脸说：“你不用再请听题了。我知道，我不确定！” 女少年说：“你不确定的话，没有关系，你可以向场外亲友团求助。” 陈秘书吐着血说：“那好。我要求助我妈！” 于是，陈老太太被请出来了。陈秘书说：“妈妈，不好意思，现在是赌命答题时间。他们问我，是当他们的王，还是选择把我手砍了。” 陈老太太深明大意，说：“我认为你应该当他们的领袖，但是不要当王。你知道吗？自从我嫁到你们陈家来，我查询了你们祖宗八代的就业历史，其中没有一个当过贵人的。现在你一夜之间暴发称王，这不祥啊！” 接下来，陈老太太又用少年们所听不懂的娘家话（可能是唐山话）偷着告诫陈婴说：“你脚着这样中不？——我是竟个意儿不让他们听懂捏——我脚着吧，你别（四声）当王，你另个剌儿找个更能耐的人当王，以后轻会儿出了事儿啥跌，也是砍他的脑袋耶。哼是不会砍你地耶。轻会儿要是不出事，一旦整成了啥跌，也有你的好处唯。咋地也封你个猴啥跌。你看中不？”（此为唐山方言，翻译成普通话为：你觉得这样行吗？你别当王，你另找个更能耐的人当王。以后一旦出了事什么的，也是砍他的脑袋呀。也不至于砍你的脑袋啊。如果没有出事，革命成功了，也有你的好处啊。怎么也封你一个侯什么的。你看行不行呢？） 陈婴说：“中！” 少年们一起抗议大喊：“说普通话，说普通话！” 陈老太太高声宣言：“我刚才跟他说的是这意思：你们应该推举在苏州起事的项梁当王。人家项氏，世世代代是楚国的大将。人家名气多大耶！你们依靠着这样的名门望族，干啥大事成不了耶？你们看中不？” 大家咂摸了咂摸老太太的话，觉得陈婴也确实不像王的样，于是齐声大呼：“中！” 于是，陈婴被迫当了众少年的领袖，但不领王号。 陈妈妈的老家话的意思是：咱家祖上的DNA里没有显贵的双螺旋片段；咱家的“种”里边，没有当王的命。所以你不要称王，称王也不会有崇拜者。你应该把这几千人全转手给了贵族项梁，自己甘当经理人。 陈婴率领着这数千少年——这个人数很快膨胀到两万，向城外开拔，去寻找项梁。 刚好项梁正在北上，来至苏北。 陈婴及其两万人队伍，遂投拜在项梁的麾下。不久，项梁出于回报，竟封陈婴为楚上柱国，授封邑五县。后来，项梁战死，而陈婴安然无事，随后“转会”刘邦集团，征战浙江流域。最终西汉建立，皇帝刘邦封陈婴为堂邑侯，食户一千八百户。一切正如陈婴之母所料。陈婴之母，亦女中智者也！看来唐山就是出人才啊。（注：陈婴的子孙袭爵，直到汉景帝年间。陈婴的后代，还出了个大名人，就是他的重孙女，嫁给了汉武帝的金屋藏娇的那位美女陈阿娇。） 这个故事告诉我们： 1.有问题，尽量向老妈请教。 2.尽可能多掌握一门方言，有时候可以救命。 3.很多郡县的起义情况，都类似东阳这样，是城邑平民杀其长吏，宣布反秦，城邑平民是本次运动的重要乃至主要力量。刚刚说的会稽郡其实也是这个情况。 古书中，譬如《史记》中，常有“少年”这个词，它是个贬义词，专指年轻人中的坏蛋。 古人写了很多的诗，揭示出“少年”的日常生活由两部分构成：玩儿和犯罪。 1.我们先说玩乐：其实，古往今来的犯罪分子，生活方式没有什么改变，都是大白天在酒楼、宾馆里玩儿，玩什么呢，赌博、歌唱、打牌、斗鸡什么的。晚上就出去“两抢一盗”，也就是抢劫、抢夺、盗窃。只不过古时候是凭刀剑和骑马，现代是铁棍和摩托车。 曹植有诗：“京洛出少年。斗鸡东郊道，走马长楸间。归来宴平乐，美酒斗十千。”说这些“少年”，大白天过得很舒服，斗鸡、走马，吃喝玩乐。 李廓《长安少年行》：“游市慵骑马，随姬入座车。苍头来去报，饮伴到倡家。”——则指这些少年还要嫖娼。 高适的：“宅中歌笑日纷纷，门外车马常如云。”——是在唱歌，门口还停着豪华车。 高适的：“千场纵博家仍富，几度报仇身不死。”——整天赌博输钱，家里还输不光；到处打架杀人，自己还总不死。为什么如此悠闲还有钱呢？因为靠着“两抢一盗”。 2.下面讲他们怎么犯罪： 王建《羽林行》：“长安恶少出名字，楼下劫商楼上醉。天明下直明光宫，散入五陵松柏中。”这是在抢劫商人，晚上兼营盗墓。 杜甫《少年行三首》：“马上谁家白面郎，临阶下马坐人床。不通姓名粗豪甚，指点银瓶索酒尝。”这是少年在勒索酒店老板了。 李白《结客少年场行》：“托交从剧孟，买醉入新丰。笑尽一杯酒，杀人都市中。”——则指这些“少年”已经开始杀人了，很像是为赏金而杀人。 张华：“雄儿任气侠，声盖少年场。借友行报怨，杀人租市旁。吴刀鸣手中，利剑严秋霜。”这是有偿杀人，替人报仇。 如果你觉得诗人神经都不太正常，说话不可信。那我们看司马迁是怎么描述这些“少年”的。 《史记》中描述了当时“少年”的日常生活方式，司马迁说：“（燕赵间）闾巷少年，攻剽椎埋，劫人作奸，掘冢铸币，借交报仇，不避法禁，走死地如骛者。”他们劫人掘坟，私自铸币，光干违法的事，他们这么做的根本目的，“其实皆为财用耳”——都是为了弄钱。他们不但盗牛盗马盗公物，甚至连皇帝宗庙里的祭器都敢盗，而且当时可盗的东西比现在还多一种，就是盗墓。《西京杂记》：“无赖少年游猎，国内冢藏，一皆发掘。” 总之，“少年”是一个令人叹息的群族啊。他们往往从事一种低级卑贱的正式职业或者干脆没有正式职业，主要兴趣在于违法犯禁，以此养生。 可是为什么诗人们常要作诗歌咏他们呢？ 呵呵，因为这些“少年”重义好勇，性格叛逆，狂放纵逸，这些风格，均带有一定游侠味道，引得李白、杜甫这些不会打架但是羡慕打架的人，忍不住要歌咏他们。特别是太平时期、和谐社会的人，更有可能要追念那种逝去的“力”的东西。故而有了那些诗。吴宇森大哥拍黑社会老大的《英雄本色》，得到持久欢迎，也是如此吧。 纸上读来美好的东西，现实中其实是肮脏和恐怖的。对于这些“少年”，人们实际上又怕又恨，政府也常常“集中警力开展严厉打击”，下面这段文章，是汉朝政府打击“少年”的实录： “永始、元延间，长安闾里少年群辈杀吏，受赇报仇，相与探丸为弹，得赤丸者斫武吏，得黑丸者斫文吏，白者主治丧；城中薄墓尘起，剽劫行者，死伤横道，鼓不绝。 “尹赏至，修治长安狱，穿地方深各数丈，致令辟为郭，以大石覆其口，名为虎穴。乃部户曹掾史，与乡吏、亭长、里正、父老、伍人，杂举长安中轻薄少年恶子，无市籍商贩作务，而鲜衣凶服被铠持刀兵者，悉籍记之，得数百人。赏一朝会长安吏，车数百辆，分行收捕，皆劾以为通行饮食群盗。赏亲阅，见十置一，其余尽以次内虎穴中，百人为辈，覆以大石。数日一发视，皆相枕藉死，亲属号哭，道路皆欷。长安中歌之曰：'安所求子死？桓东少年场。生时谅不谨，枯骨后何葬？'” 如果你不愿看古文，我来给你翻译。先是背景描述：长安的“闾里少年”们杀人抢劫，导致受害的死伤者横于道路，警报（“鼓”）之声连连不断，治安形势非常严峻。 于是，政府受不了了。“警民开始联合出击”，开展“抓捕行动”： 长安县令，名字叫尹赏，发动各级官吏和民众，让大家揭发检举所有穿着奇装异服、携带武器箭甲的“轻薄少年恶子”，并且造了个巨大的虎穴。然后派出数百辆警车，分头抓捕。把捕到的几百名“少年恶子”，每十个里释放一个，其余全塞进虎穴里，用大石头堵住出口。几天以后，打开一看，死者一个挨一个地相枕。亲属前来领取尸体，见此惨状，号哭之声震天。从此，亡命之徒屁滚尿流，不敢偷看长安一眼。 这确实做到了“出手要快，步调要齐，声势要大，打击要准”！ 这些少年，未必是被社会残酷剥削和迫害的穷苦之人。如果你研究一下现在电视上报道的各种犯罪分子的身份背景（譬如行骗的，打劫的，办假证的，黑恶势力），发现他们都并不是赤贫的人，而是不安分守己者，有野心，有一定能力，不想走常规路，想不劳而获者，想少付出而过奢靡生活的。古代的少年也是如此，他们多数不应当是被社会剥削得活不下去的平民或农民。这种人的存在，可以说是由基因决定的，不管社会多么美好，都会或多或少地存在着，如果社会不能给他们提供自我成功的发展机遇的话。 和汉朝一样，秦朝的地方官吏，也是打击“少年”的。《史记》说“山东郡县少年苦秦吏”，意思是，函谷关以东郡县的官吏，都曾经让“少年”们吃了苦头，对“少年”们这些社会不安分的犯禁分子进行打击。 譬如范阳县令就“杀人之父，孤人之子，断人之足，黥人之首，不可胜数”。以至于出现当外面的诸侯徇地到范阳的时候，城中“少年皆争杀君，下武信君”（少年们都争着要刺杀范阳县令，下城投降诸侯武信君）。由此推测，老范肯定曾经把“少年”们整得够戗。 我们知道，秦末的地方官吏都是重刑主义者，秦二世给他们的格言是：“杀人多者为忠臣。”于是，各地父母官大老爷们，一定会把“少年”们整治得够戗。 有打击就有反抗。 当陈胜在大泽乡振臂而起，社会人心动荡，“少年”们趁机向欠有他们血债的地方官吏，发起血腥的复仇行动——纷纷杀死本地“郡守、县令、县尉、县丞”（全是第一二把手）。这种仇杀各地政府高官的行动，是如此普遍，已经到了“不可胜数”的地步！同时也证实了秦帝国的郡守县令们当初对“少年”们的打击曾是多么残酷。 这就是《史记》中所说的：“山东郡县少年苦秦吏，皆杀其守尉令丞反，以应陈涉，不可胜数也。”《史记》中又有：陈胜闹起来的时候，“楚之地，方二千里，莫不响应，家自为怒，人自为斗，各报其怨而攻其雠，县杀其令丞，郡杀其守尉”。说的也是这个意思，也是在讲“少年”或者类似“少年”的平民家族，纷纷向各级地方官复仇。 正是这些“少年”们把各郡各城的“郡守”、“县令”们直接杀了，陈胜的造反星火才能迅速燎原。 “少年”们充当了急先锋，有着不可磨灭的历史功绩。 数千“东阳少年”挟陈婴造反，就是秦末各地少年率先反秦的一个具体实例。 我们有理由相信，秦末大起义并不是全靠农民，城里的“少年”和平民家族、父老也是主流的大“功臣”！由此看来，农民未必是起义力量的主题。比如这些城市少年，此外还有郡县的县兵武装，都被秦末的起义领袖大量收编。其实，我们认为，城镇人民的反秦，更可能是当时反秦的主力。总之，简单地把起义叫做“农民政权”什么的，很片面。 刘邦这人，喜欢搞怪。 我们知道，丑人好搞怪，比如芙蓉姐姐。搞怪，是丑人吸引别人注意力的唯一办法。在古代，出身卑微的人要想求发展，也得搞怪。譬如秦末又一新“泡沫”——刘邦。 刘邦在数年前因犯了渎职罪——私自释放了押赴骊山的刑徒——于是他不