Chapter 14 The later whereabouts of the royal family surnamed Zhu and the recovery movement of the Han people

Most of the hundreds of thousands of members of the huge royal family of the Ming Dynasty, the Zhu family, were massacred by the peasant army in the first catastrophe, and a small part died in the war against the Qing Dynasty to protect the country.Except for these two parts, the members of the royal family who managed to escape in this unprecedented catastrophe started a more difficult life. According to historical records, at the time of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, some members of the royal family, such as the crown prince Zhu Ci and Zhu Cihong, Chongzhen's third son Ding Wang Zhu Cijiong, fourth son Yongwang Zhu Cizhen, Qin Wang Zhu Cunshu, Jin Wang Zhu Qiugui, etc., were first captured by Li Zicheng's peasant army. Captured to Beijing.After the Qing army captured Beijing, this part of the captured royal family disappeared in the turmoil, and their whereabouts were unknown, which has always been a historical mystery.

According to folklore, the third prince of Zhu is Zhu Cihuan, the Ding Wang. He kept his name incognito for a long time and made a living as a private school teacher. It was not until the forty-seventh year of Kangxi (1708) that he was captured by the Qing government in Wenshang County, Shandong, and his family beheaded. In the Meixian area of ​​Guangdong, there is also a legend that the prince Zhu Cihong, whose whereabouts were unknown after the fall of Beijing, actually sneaked back to Li’s hometown Meixian together with Li Qichun, a Jiaying man who edited and lectured in the Eastern Palace of the Imperial Academy.Later, in order to avoid the Qing court, the prince also shaved his hair and became a monk, and built a temple in the inaccessible place in the Yinna half-mountain of Meizhou. deep in the mountains.After his death, he was honored as "Prince Bodhisattva" by the local people.

In order to avoid the persecution of the Qing Dynasty, some members of the royal family, after the country was destroyed and their families were destroyed, hid their identities one after another, or hid in the mountains and forests, or moved from place to place, and began a difficult life of fleeing.For example, the Badashanren from the clan of Ning Fan, after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, voluntarily gave up the Zhu surname, and later became a monk altogether, but secretly signed the date of the Ming Dynasty's demise into monograms in his paintings, as a symbol of ambition. Don't forget that you are a descendant of Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Suzha, king of Anchang County, a branch of Zhou Fan, fled to the east of Zhejiang after the fall of Anchang, and went to Yihai, the country of Lu Jian.Zhoushan was defeated, and he died in battle. His son Zhu, the eldest son of Anchang, was young and escaped with his mother and concubine. Later, to avoid persecution by the Qing court, he came to Hangjing Temple in Hangzhou. He became a monk and became a monk. Go to a wilderness nunnery in Songjiang to steal a living.When the mother and concubine were dying, they handed over the king's seal to their son, but the monks in the nunnery leaked the news. As a result, the eldest son of King Anchang was arrested and executed by the government, and the monks in the nunnery were implicated and hundreds of people died.

"Qing Barnyard Banknotes · Name Class" records that after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, "the nobles of the sky, who went into exile, all changed their surnames to obscure themselves." "Sin Wei Lu Chu Zhaowang Zhen Biography" also records that Zhu, the king of Qiyang, a branch of Chu Fan, fled to Fujian after the fall of Chu Fan in the late Ming Dynasty.After the fall of Fujian, he and a scholar named Yan Wei "changed their names and entered Yaozhong to protect themselves".Therefore, among the Yao people today, there should also be the blood of the Ming royal family.

"Sin Wei Lu" also records that there are some students born in a certain clan who became monks in despair after the fall of the Ming Dynasty. They first became monks in Wuxi Taizi Nunnery, and later became abbots in Jiedeng Temple. , was quite famous at the time, but he never told people old stories. There are also some members of the clan of the Ming Dynasty who were forced to surrender to the Qing Dynasty and accept the rule of the Manchus, so as to save the family from extinction.Among those who surrendered to the Qing Dynasty in the early stage was Lu Wang Zhu Changhao, whose descendants are unknown.The last and largest group to surrender to the Qing Dynasty was the group that fled to Taiwan.After Zheng Chenggong and his sons took back Taiwan, the patriarchal clan was honored, so from 1661 to 1663, a large number of clan members crossed the sea and came to Taiwan.The princes and grandchildren of these clans were treated with courtesy by the Zheng family and stayed in Taiwan for decades.But in the 22nd year of Kangxi (AD 1683), Shi Lang of the Qing Dynasty captured Taiwan, and the Zheng regime fell to the Qing Dynasty. Most of the Ming clan who fled here were captured and forced to surrender and accept the rule of the Qing Dynasty.It is said that when Shi Lang came to Taiwan, he immediately confiscated the genealogy and seals of these royal clans.So far, the Qing Dynasty has unified the whole country and the overall situation is stable, so they pretended to be benevolent and did not kill these Ming Dynasty clan survivors. Instead, they were forced to move to the mainland and resettled in counties and counties such as Shandong and Henan.This part of the clan descendants can therefore be passed down.

When Taiwan fell, Zhu Shugui, king of peace, could not bear to be a subjugated slave, so he hanged himself to die for his country.He had no son, and he named Zhu Yanzhen the son of Zhu Yihao, the king of Yi who was a generation younger than him. He was only seven years old at the time.According to historical records, after Zhu Yanzhen was forced to return to the mainland, she was resettled by the Qing Dynasty in Qi County, Kaifeng Prefecture, Henan Province in 1693, and her descendants lived here. According to data, some descendants of Ning Fan's clan still lived in Jiangxi after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, and they are still an important branch of the Zhu family in Jiangxi until today.In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, this family also continued to compile the "Jiangxi Eight Branches Zhu Family Genealogy", which is still preserved in the Jiangxi Provincial Museum.In addition, in Mianyang, Hubei, there are also descendants of the clan of the Ming Dynasty today.

Whenever a dynasty changes, the new dynasty always eradicates the former royal family.But there is no regime like the Manchu Dynasty. Because they were invaded by foreign races, they had a guilty conscience, and they were terribly afraid of the Ming Dynasty clan. Therefore, the early Qing Dynasty implemented a policy of bloody massacres against Mingzong.This brought a more cruel and terrible disaster to the Zhu family than the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty.It was not until the Kangxi period (1662-1722 AD) that the situation changed slightly. In the seventh year of Kangxi (AD 1668), Emperor Kangxi issued such an imperial decree: "There are many descendants of the old Ming clan, and those who hide in the mountains and forests will be ordered to return to the fields; those who change their surnames and hide their names will all be restored." In the thirteenth year (1684 A.D.) and the thirty-eighth year (1699 A.D.), Emperor Kangxi went to Nanjing twice to pay homage to the Xiaoling Mausoleum where Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was buried during his southern tour, and ordered to visit the descendants of the Ming Dynasty. Envoys to observe Zhu's family sacrifice.However, due to the inability to visit, there was no result.Then in the second year of Yongzheng (AD 1724), Emperor Yongzheng officially visited and found out Zhu Zhilian, a descendant of the Ming clan, and he was granted the title of first-class marquis. One branch joined the Manchus.

So far, the descendants of the Ming clan have ended their fugitive life and resumed their status as ordinary civilians. China's history has turned another page. In the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), eighty-five years since 1644, there was such an edict.He said: "In the past, during the Kangxi period, traitors from all over the place stole their hair, and they used the name of the third prince Zhu, such as the monk Yi Nian and Zhu Yigui, who were invincible. Recently, there is Zhang Yu from Shandong, who falsely named Zhu and entrusted him to descendants of the Ming Dynasty. The man who met the stars calculated that there was an emperor's order, hoping to confuse the foolish people, and now he is captured and questioned by the commander of the infantry. Different surnames have always been successive, and the surnames of the previous dynasty have surrendered to the descendants. Otherwise, they will hide their names and hide in the grass There has never been such a traitorous people in this dynasty who pretended to be Zhu's surname and swayed people's hearts like this. If this spreads continuously, the descendants of Chinese monarchs will meet the successor. Isn't it because of the coercion of the traitors?" This edict was issued because of Zeng Jing's incident.

Zeng Jing is from Hunan. After reading Lu Liuliang's book in Zhejiang, she was very moved. She sent her disciple Zhang Xi to say that Yue Fei's descendant Yue Zhongqi had rebelled against the Qing Dynasty, and Zhong Qi reported it.Lu Liuliang was dead at that time, so he suffered the disaster of dissecting his coffin and killing his body.Zeng Jing and Zhang Xi were temporarily detained without death, but they were also killed later. This incident has always been listed as one of the literary inquisitions of the Qing Dynasty, but it is actually an actual action of the Han people in their attempt to recover, not just a literary inquisition.It can be seen that although the Ming Dynasty has been destroyed for 85 years, some people who embrace nationalism have never surrendered.

The largest associations in the Qing Dynasty, the Gelaohui in the north and the Tiandihui in the south, were all secret organizations that opposed the Qing Dynasty and restored the Ming Dynasty.The predecessor of the triad society, which is still very active in Hong Kong today, is the Tiandihui. Tiandihui was founded in the thirteenth year of Kangxi (1674). It is called Tiandihui because it worships the sky as its father and the earth as its mother, and its members are brothers and sisters.With the purpose of "reversing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty", it is called "Hongmen" internally, implying the meaning of the "Hongwu" reign name of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty.Hong has the same pronunciation as Hong, and Hong has the same color as Zhu, which also means the national surname of the Ming Dynasty. Some people say that the Triad Society is the Three Points Society, and the Qingshui, Dagger, and Shuangdao societies in the south are all its branches.According to their legend: There is a Shaolin Temple in Jiulian Mountain, Putian County, Fujian Province. The monks and disciples all have martial arts skills. They once conquered Xilu Kingdom for the Qing Dynasty.Later, they were slandered by treacherous officials, and the Qing government sent troops to exterminate them. Fires were scattered all around them, and they were set on fire at night, trying to burn them to death.A venerable god of the divine way sent envoys Zhu Kai and Zhu Guang to lead eighteen monks out first.These eighteen monks fought and left, and thirteen died in battle.The remaining five are the so-called former five ancestors.With the help of five warriors and the last five ancestors, he was determined to fight against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty. The events of the Tiandihui continued continuously.The most famous of these is the uprising by Lin Shuangwen of the Tiandihui in Taiwan in the fifty-second year of Qianlong (1787).The anti-Qing rebellion of the White Lotus followers in the north began in the fifty-eighth year of Qianlong (1793), and spread to Sichuan, Hubei, Henan, and Shaanxi. put down.After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Uprising, Tiandihui and its branches all over the world responded one after another.At the same time as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, there was also the Nien Party in the north. These parties and factions all aim to fight against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty, and they belong to the same goal by different routes. (End of the book)