Chapter 12 Chapter 2 The Young Masters of Fushe
Historically, civilizations have always come from where there is water.Not to mention that life itself comes from water. Looking at several ancient civilizations, which one can live without water?Just like the Yellow River is to China, the Ganges River is to India, the Nile is to Egypt...or narrowed down to the city limits, it is like the Jialing River is to Chongqing, the Funan River is to Chengdu, the Songhua River is to Heilongjiang, the Xiangjiang River is to Changsha, The Pearl River in Guangzhou...
The Qinhuai River is such a river for Jinling, and it is the source of Jinling City and Jinling people.
The Qinhuai River is a tributary of the Yangtze River, with a total length of about 110 kilometers. It is the ancient name of the main river in Nanjing - Huaishui, whose real name is "Longzangpu".According to legend, when the first emperor of Qin was touring the east, he looked at the purple air rising above Jinling and thought it was royal air, so he chiseled Fangshan Mountain, cut off the long ridges, and entered the river. .
"Old Qinhuai River Bridge with Lights" (Wu Weiye's "Moling Slogan"), because of the Qinhuai River, Jinling is unique compared to Chang'an, the capital of the Han and Tang Dynasties, and Beijing, the capital of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.It does not have the grandeur of Chang'an, nor the heaviness of Beijing, but it has a certain beauty and half-sorrow, which makes literati and poets regret endlessly.
The Qinhuai River is divided into two branches at Tongjimen, one is called the Outer Qinhuai River and flows westward around the south city wall; Park Qinhuai is close to the restaurant "the prosperous Qinhuai.
The Qinhuai River runs westward for a few miles from Tongjimenren City, and then turns south to Jubaochuan. There is a ferry at the turn, which is Taoyedu.
If the Qinhuai River is the representative of Jinling, the hometown of gentleness and wealth, then Taoyedu is the symbol of the Qinhuai River with rouge and pollen.There is a poem that says: "Taoye Ferry's water is long, and the boats go up and down the shore; the returnees and pedestrians are rushing to cross, and the songs and boats are full of fat." It vividly describes the situation of Taoye Ferry welcoming and sending off.
Taoyedu is the most seductive luxury on the Qinhuai River. Its name is related to an affair with Wang Xianzhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.According to legend, Wang Xianzhi often met his concubine Taoye here, and later generations called this ferry Taoyedu.Some people expressed emotion about this: "I presented the peach leaves as my favorite in the past, and the peach leaves greeted me when I crossed the river. Yunke is incomparable to a beautiful woman's clothes, and the flowers are as beautiful as a beautiful woman's cheeks. The king is now romantic and old, and the thousand-year-old ferry has a good name. Crossing the spring water Every year is green, and the peach leaves and peach blossoms hurt the feelings of guests." There is also a little poem about Taoye Ferry: "Peach leaves come back to peach leaves, crossing the river does not require boats, but crossing is not difficult, I will welcome you."
There are restaurants and brothels one after another, the music is full of music, and the lights and candles are flickering, which attracts pedestrians to linger and wanderers are ecstasy.There are boats weaving on the water, and the lights are shining. Stunning women and first-class luthiers are hired. The tourists who listen to the music are all fascinated by it, and they don't know what year it is.Vendors shouted wine, cooked vegetables and all kinds of snacks, and the boats shuttled along the river bank to sell non-stop.On the other hand, the guests clapped their hands and laughed happily in the restaurant, playing games of fist and wine, and making a lot of noise.People say that Taoye Ferry has "six mores": there are many teahouses on the shore, many restaurants, many wonton burdens, many pedestrians vying for the ferry on the shore, many beauties, and many paintings on the river touting business.In fact, there is more than this "six more"?
"Who whores don't forget to worry about the country, and when you worry about the country, don't forget to be a prostitute."This is how people in the late Ming described the social atmosphere at that time.
The emperors of the Ming Dynasty were famous for their insults and brutal killings of literati and officials, and the "Tingzhang" is the most famous example.The emperors of the Ming Dynasty had such an attitude, and the literati naturally had various extreme reactions. Therefore, the personality of the literati in the Ming Dynasty generally appeared to be more mature than that in the Tang and Song Dynasties. They were pursuing the liberation of individuality more thoroughly than their predecessors.In the late Ming Dynasty, there also appeared Li Zhi, who fought for the liberation of individuality and freedom of thought all his life, and criticized the Confucianism and Mencius and the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties, which had been in a monopoly position.In the process of consciously scorning etiquette and showing off their individuality, some literati took drinking and sex with prostitutes as a way of expressing themselves.It is in this process that they find their soul mate.Fu Shan also said: "Famous prostitutes who lose their way are no different from celebrities who are down and out. They have no teeth."
Later, some people believed that the demise of Ming Chao was related to the habit of literati who were obsessed with reciting the wind and playing the moon instead of paying attention to political affairs.Gu Yanwu wrote: In the past 20 to 30 years, the literati in our area have been keen on entertainment that is practical and empty, without exception.It can be seen that the literati at that time all regarded Fengyue as an elegant thing.
With the literati's romantic entertainment needs, there will naturally be a thriving market.The prosperity of prostitutes in the Ming Dynasty was first promoted in the two capitals of the north and the south (Beijing and Nanjing). "Xindu Meishi" describes the prostitutes in Beijing and said: "The beauty of Yanzhao is as beautiful as jade, and it has been beautiful since ancient times. The county was established in the emperor's dynasty, and it is prosperous today, and the southerners are elegant, and they have been influenced again. It is inappropriate to amaze the world. During the Wanli Dingyou (25th) to Gengzi (28th) years, it was extremely coquettish."
As for Nanjing, there are more records, such as Qian Qianyi's Preface to the Evening Poems of Jinling Society, which says: "Haiyu is peaceful, accompanied by beauties in Beijing, officials and officials praise it as a fairy capital, and chatterers claim it as a paradise." This still refers to It happened in the decades before and after Wanli, and in the reign of Chongzhen, the wind and moon were even more prosperous.
Yu Huai recorded: "In the early years of Hongwu, the sixteenth floor was built to house official prostitutes. Light smoke, lightness, luster, and guests are called a momentary event." He also said: "The city of Jinling is the hometown of Nanqu. A prodigal son, a chic poet, playing games, horses like a dragon, and cars like each other. During the period, the Fengyue Tower, the respected silk pipe, and Luan Tong's acquaintances, famous prostitutes, flattering and competing for beauty, rushed to the scene. Outside the shadow of Yang Yang , In a piece of jade pot, the autumn flute is blowing frequently, and the spring warbler is singing. Although Song Guangping made iron and stone into his intestines, he had to compose plum blossoms."
Yu Huai lived in Nanjing for many years, and tried hard to pursue Gu Mei in "Qinhuai Eight Beauty".There are many deeds of Qinhuai famous prostitutes recorded.What Yu Huai described above is the general situation of Nandu Fangqu in the seventeen years from Jiazong Tianqi to Chongzhen.At that time, famous courtesans such as Zhu Wuxia, Zheng Yuanmei, Ma Xianglan, Zhao Lingyan, Gu Mei, Dong Xiaowan, Liu Rushi, Li Xiangjun, etc. were all leaders of the Baimen.
Since the down-and-out celebrities gathered in Yanshui of the Qinhuai River, together with the prostitutes who lost their way, they also made many new tricks, and the opening of the flower list became a momentary event, similar to the selection of "Miss City" in modern times.
In the first year of the Apocalypse, Pan Zhiheng wrote "Jinling Prostitutes", dividing thirty-two prostitutes into four categories for evaluation: one is quality, typical wins; Yingxiu wins.This is actually a summary of the four styles of prostitutes.During the reign of Chongzhen, Sun Wugong of Tongcheng also "gathered all concubines in Fang Mizhi (that is, Fang Yizhi, the fourth son of Fushe) in Nanjing to live abroad in Shuilu, with virtuous men from all directions, chariots and riders in Yinglu Lane, children of Liyuan, and three classes Parallel performance. The outer ring of the water pavilion, the boat sails like a wall. The algae and flower table is set up, and a stage is set up to sit the champion. Among the more than 20 people, the test of Weiwei (Wang Yuezi) is the first. Play music on the stage, and enter the golden eunuch. All the concubines in Nanqu were dismayed, and gradually faded away. At dawn, they stopped drinking. The next day, each of them wrote a poem to record their events."
The revival of the flower list not only shows the prosperity of prostitutes at that time, but also shows that some intellectuals are dissatisfied with reality.Some literati who preside over the flower list and participate in the test questions, or those who despise fame and have no intention of taking the imperial examination, or those who are frustrated in the imperial examination and official career, they go to the brothel and tavern with the attitude of playing games in life and focusing on their lovers and confidants, to relieve their worries .They use poems to praise these women who are considered the most humble by the society, and use the most honorable titles in the imperial examination and officialdom, such as literary champion and military champion, to dedicate to them. A kind of ridicule and irony.
Therefore, the Qinhuai culture, carved by literati and singers together, has written the most colorful and culturally rich chapter of Chinese prostitute culture, which makes the Qinhuai smoke and water covered with a layer of charming colors, as rich as pink on brocade. Can't melt.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was common for literati to prostitute, and the sons of the Fushe were naturally not exempt from the custom.Fushe was established in the early years of Chongzhen. Its leaders were Zhang Pu and Zhang Cai. Although the purpose of the association was mainly to "make friends through literature" and "rejuvenate ancient learning", it inherited the legacy of the Donglin Party politically and opposed the Eunuch Party. , advocated reform, known as "Little Donglin".
Around 1644, Nanjing gathered a large number of Fushe celebrities who escaped the war, including the famous Fushe Four Princes, namely Hou Fangyu, Fang Yizhi, Mao Xiang and Chen Zhenhui.Celebrities enjoyed the fireworks by the Qinhuai River to their heart's content, where the feasting, singing and dancing were endless, and it was a completely different world from the turmoil in the north.Time seems to have stood still on the Qinhuai River, and that beautiful moment is unforgettable.
Yuyang cockroaches came to the ground with agitation, and the neon clothes and feathers were frightened.This good time of "heroes and heroines have their own merits" soon came to an end because of the fall of Beijing in March 1644.
The basic starting point of writing is not "heroes and heroines have their own merits".
The emperor died in the country, and the generals died in defense of the city.The correct attitude of the unarmed literati at the time should be to "talk with one's heart on weekdays, and repay the king by dying."It means that when the country is broken, as long as the scholar-bureaucrats do not die, they will be considered traitors.Even according to the strict standards of the later Emperor Qianlong, even those who refused to serve in the Qing Dynasty and became monks were no different from the "second ministers" who "served in two dynasties". Only suicide was considered a loyal minister.This method of death is more accurate than saying that it is a death for the country, but it is more accurate to say that it is a death for the name.From the perspective of the conqueror Man Qing, naturally he appreciates this kind of role model the most, and any ruler would like a true loyal minister. " root cause.
But when Li Zicheng conquered Beijing, only 30 people below the bachelor's level committed suicide.When the news reached Nanjing, an aggrieved minister immediately wrote a letter suggesting: It’s really been a waste of supporting these scholar-bureaucrats for more than three hundred years, so just abolish the imperial examinations and forget it!
When the fall of Beijing in 1644 and the fall of Nanjing in 1645 came one after another, during the period of great turmoil and turning point, the performances of various characters were complicated. Without exception, they have to accept severe political and moral tests; and those prostitutes who "do not love the world of mortals, but seem to be misled by their predecessors" will inevitably be involved in the torrent of history.So the Qinhuai River has a chivalrous tenderness, awe-inspiring righteousness, a family of Gouli, life and death, and admiration.Of course, there are more misfortunes and more sorrows, which make people sigh and feel sad.
Five years after the start of tomorrow, Xu Fo, the madam of Shengze Town, Wujiang, bought an eight-year-old girl, Yunjuan.Yunjuan was born beautiful and very well-behaved. Xu Fu predicted that she would become a famous prostitute in the future, so he carefully taught her to read poems, write lyrics, learn piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, and changed her name to Chaoyun.
At the age of thirteen, Chaoyun was already extraordinary.The old lady of Zhou Daodeng, the prime minister of the court, took a good look and bought it back with a lot of money to be her son's maidservant.Zhou Daodeng fell in love with her at the first sight, and changed the name to "Ying Lian" according to Li Yishan's poem "I have pity for the shadow and heard the sound", and personally taught her to compose poems and calligraphy, which made her improve a lot.Later, she was accepted as a concubine, and she was unspeakably loved, so she was envied by all the concubines.In the fifth year of Chongzhen, Zhou Daodeng passed away. Ying Lian was fifteen years old and was kicked out of the Zhou family.
Alone and alone, she began to wander around.Yinglian has a long history of sophistication and is very assertive. Because she admires the name of Chen Zilong, one of the leaders of Fushe, she dresses up as a Confucian scholar who disguises herself as a man, and finds Chen Zilong's house in Songjiang after going through all kinds of hardships.This woman, who is called "brother" instead of "concubine", obviously has the ambition and determination to pursue equality between men and women. She is the famous Liu Rushi in the future.After being kicked out of Zhou's house, Liu Rushi went to live in Songjiang, and took the initiative to visit Chen Zilong, intending to make friends with him, thus starting a confusing and confusing relationship between the two.
Wang Guowei wrote Liu Rushi's "Grass on the Lake" as the next quatrain, and the third poem says: "In the middle of the picture, the moon doctor Bai Quanqi is strange, and brothers call each other without doubt."Don't blame my daughter for being too abrupt, the courtiers of Jimen are so handsome.
In the past, when women wrote letters and compositions, they either called themselves "Nong" or "concubine". Here, the word "brother" was replaced. Three hundred years ago, it was really a big deal. No wonder the scholar-officials were stunned and shocked .
Among the prostitutes in ancient and modern times, Liu Rushi is the only one who is so undaunted that she sits on an equal footing with the scholar-officials and despises everything.
Chen Zilong (1608-1647), courtesy name Renzhong, Gengzi Wozi, nicknamed Yifu, Dazun, later named Yuling Menggong.Born in Huating, Songjiang (now Songjiang, Shanghai).Chen Zilong "was born with extraordinary talents", "the crown is weak in his youth, but his talents are high in the world." He was listed in Fushe, and participated in the establishment of Jishe, and was one of the "six sons of Jishe".Because he sang harmoniously with Li Wen and Song Zhengyu from the same county, he is also known as the "Three Sons in the Cloud".He was good at poetry and was as famous as Qian Qianyi and Wu Weiye at that time.Because of worrying and indignant about state affairs, denouncing the current politics, and being romantic, talent and integrity are valued by scholars.
Some descendants believe that the reason why Chen Zilong became famous is because of the relationship between him and Liu Rushi.But when Liu Rushi visited Chen Zilong rashly, Liu Rushi was not a famous prostitute, and Chen Zilong was already a pivotal figure in Fushe at that time. The court has a great influence.Therefore, many people speculated that what Liu Rushi valued was not only Chen Zilong's talent, but also Chen Zilong's social status among the scholar-bureaucrats at that time.This makes sense.But in any case, from the large number of poems left by Liu Rushi, it can be seen that her feelings for Chen Zilong are sincere, and even unforgettable in her life.
People are not unfamiliar with the story of a famous prostitute choosing a son-in-law in the late Ming Dynasty. For example, "Yang Yunyou marries Dong Qichang for the third time", such programs are still kept in Sichuan Opera.They are probably most inclined to choose objects, generally speaking, nothing more than bureaucrats and celebrities.Liu Rushi once had a relationship with Wang Ranming, a wealthy Huizhou businessman, and wrote a large number of love letters with beautiful words, but she never "committed herself to marrying" in the end, because businessmen did not have the same social status as scholars at that time. several grades.
Chen Zilong once met Ying Lian at Prime Minister Zhou Daodeng's house, and was deeply impressed by her outstanding talent and appearance. Seeing her suddenly come to join him, he was a bit surprised, but also very happy.Talented scholars and beautiful ladies are only speculative when they are in love, so they sing about wine and sing about their ambitions with poems, which is beyond words for a while.
However, Chen Zilong loves his shadows more than his looks, and he loves his talents more. In his communication, he only gave each other poems to express his friendly feelings, and never had the desire or behavior of skin-to-skin relationship.Chen Zilong's behavior made Ying Lian jealous and cynical, thinking that men are not good things, and thus changed a lot. Of course, the love for him has increased over time.
After defecting to Chen Zilong, Ying Lian lived in seclusion in the south building of the south gate of Songjiang City, and changed his name to Liu Yin, and because he read Xin Qiji's poem: "I see how charming Qingshan is, I think Qingshan should be like this when I see it", so I named myself like this; Also known as "Hedong Lord" and "Miwu Lord".
Chen Zilong was ten years older than Liu Rushi. At that time, he already had a wife, a concubine, and two daughters.Chen's wife, Zhang Ruren, was very shrewd, thinking that Chen Zilong's heart was on Liu Rushi, and she was so angry that she always made things difficult for Liu Rushi, which caused disharmony in the family.
At that time, it was commonplace for men to have three wives and four concubines, but it was considered disgraceful for scholars to set up another room to have sex with prostitutes.Chen Zilong's grandmother was very annoyed by this incident, so she ordered her daughters-in-law to rush to the south tower with a group of female relatives, clamoring to drive that wild whore away.This incident made Chen Zilong both heartbroken and embarrassed, and he was in an extremely embarrassing situation.
In the sixth year of Chongzhen, Liu Rushi persuaded Chen Zilong to take the exam in Beijing. Before leaving, Liu Rushi wrote two poems "Farewell" to him.
One: "Thoughts are boundless for a long time, and at the same time, they are separated from thoughts and invasions; if you don't know your worries, how can you expect to lose your heart. The key words are scattered in the face of disagreements, and the body is heavy; from now on, mutual intentions will naturally form deep thoughts. "
The second: "The Dao is solid and beautiful, and the depression is the same; the joy and the occasion are endless, and the other thoughts will not come true. There are so many grasses, so why do the tall trees need to be sleepy. How long are you thinking about, and when will you be a knight-errant."
Chen Zilong couldn't help being overjoyed when he saw this poem expressing his true feelings and pinning expectations. He immediately took off the jade pendant hanging from his waist as a parting gift, and immediately wrote a poem "Farewell", promising "forever a bright future", cherishing Filled with joy, he embarked on a trip to Beijing to strive for fame.
After Chen Zilong left, Zhang Ruren punished Liu Rushi wantonly.Liu Rushi was generous and tolerant, and didn't care about it. He just waited for Chen Zilong's return.I don't want Chen Zilong to be a tycoon of Fushe, and he is facing a party struggle between the court and the central government. Although his articles are world-famous, the court and the central government are not willing to accommodate Chen Zilong, hence the name Luosun Shan.
At the beginning of the eighth year of Chongzhen, Chen Zilong had another son, which made him imagine the reason for marrying a concubine to inherit the family, but was broken by the cry of the child falling to the ground.Liu Rushi had once again tasted what it was like to be a concubine, and this pair of lovers, who were like glue, cast a shadow over each of their hearts.
The sober Liu Rushi once wrote in a poem: "There is no way to keep him, let him go. There is still a lot of time. People are close, and they are worried about going back." It shows that she has no way to restore the crisis of broken love, but also can't bear to part with her lover's complicated mood.But Zhang Ruren pushed her day by day, and soon drove her out of Chen's house with excuses.
In the summer of the same year, the lovers officially broke up.
After Liu Rushi was exiled in Songjiang, although he was praised by many celebrities and had a short relationship with Li Daiwen and Song Zhengyu, he did not find his final destination. This had something to do with the relatively conservative folk customs in Songjiang at that time.Therefore, although Chen Zilong was out in poetry and wine, he did not dare to destroy the family atmosphere of purge.
According to Wang Yun's "Biography of the Three Generations of Suffering", Zhang Ruren was "born sensitive, filial piety and long-lasting", and was "respected as a female teacher by the three parties".With such a serious and shrewd wife at home, Chen Zilong naturally couldn't be unscrupulous.Although Zhang Ruren did not object to Chen Zilong taking a concubine, and even took the initiative to choose a concubine for her husband, she chose "son of a good family" as her selection criterion.Naturally, she couldn't accept a prostitute like Liu.What's more, Zhang Ruren is backed by Chen Zilong's grandmother.Chen Zilong was raised by his grandmother and respects her very much.Although he has a bold and unrestrained personality, and he has a sincere relationship with Liu Rushi, but for a prostitute, destroying the peace of the family, bearing the reputation of being unfilial to his grandmother, and even being condemned by the public opinion, that is what he does not want.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the climax of individual liberation had passed, and the ideological world was bathed in the style of practical learning, coupled with the originally conservative social atmosphere in Songjiang, Chen Zilong was not as shocking as Qian Qianyi, known as the "Donglin prodigal son", when dealing with emotional problems With the courage to get rid of the etiquette, give Liu Rushi the status and full respect of his wife.In the sixth year of Chongzhen, Chen Zilong and Liu Rushi had a close relationship, but at the same time they took Cai as a concubine.And this winter when he went north to go to Li Wei and passed through Yangzhou, he still wanted to choose a woman he liked more, which shows that Chen Zilong is romantic and affectionate.Therefore, although he appreciates and loves Liu Rushi, he will never have the feeling of feeling like he has found a treasure and is very pleasantly surprised when Qian Qianyi, a 160-year-old man with white hair, got the youthful, beautiful, talented and affectionate Liu Rushi.
Another most important reason is that Chen Zilong had a bold and unrestrained personality in his early years, with great ambitions.And Liu Rushi's own personality pursues independence. She likes to disguise herself as a man and socialize with celebrities. At that time, she was dubbed "birthday". .Differences in personality and concepts are important reasons why the two did not get together in the end.However, although Liu Rushi and Chen Zilong parted ways, the two hearts are tied to each other, and they both wrote a lot of poems to express their deep memories of each other.
When Liu left in the early summer of the eighth year of Chongzhen, Chen Zilong fell ill from lovesickness, and wrote the poem "Jiang Chengzi: Sickness Begins and Ends Spring":