Chapter 19 18.insight

The poet Zhu Xiang was admitted to Tsinghua University at the age of 15, and was expelled from the school because he resisted the roll call system during the students' breakfast and recorded three major demerits.In his letter to his classmate Luo Niansheng, who was two grades lower, he said: "If you ask me why I left Tsinghua, I can give you a simple answer. , but Tsinghua is only monotonous, life is hot, and Tsinghua is nowhere near itching. After I joined the society, although I have witnessed and heard many strange phenomena, but these are the real life. As for the most noble life in Tsinghua, there is no escape. Fake, soft." Later he told Luo Niansheng to his face that he hated Tsinghua to death, and if he had an enemy, he would definitely persuade him to send his son to Tsinghua, so as to cause death.

Zhu Xiang never watches movies, thinking that it is not art. In the 1920s, Ding Xilin told Liang Shiqiu that his ideal family has five conditions: one is a confused master, the other is a capable wife, the third is a clean child, the fourth is a kind servant, and the fifth is twenty-four Hours of hot water supply. Feng Zikai said: "Taste is an important nourishment in my life, and its importance is almost as important as bread. Others are sacrificing taste in order to obtain bread, or suppressing taste in order to accumulate legal currency. I am lucky and have not left By doing both, you can save half a loaf of bread for a little fun."

Scholar Qian Mu believes that a fast-paced, utilitarian life is not an advanced way of living.In the 1940s, he once said: "From the Opium War to the present, the country's rural areas have gradually gone bankrupt, and the idle life can no longer be maintained. It is no longer necessary to be serious about utilitarianism. The Chinese are beginning to formally learn to rush. Learn to be nervous and learn to worship utilitarianism. However, being busy and nervous is not the right track in life. Utilitarianism is not the ultimate ideal of life, whether it is worth worshiping or not, and Chinese people actually have many precious things in their long-term idle life. Lovely experiences often make us recall and linger. This is the great suffering of Chinese people, especially Chinese people who know the joys of life today.”

What is Qian Mu's ideal living environment?He said: "Human beings cannot live without culture, without cities, and without various activities in large groups. But what human beings can't live without is not these, but nature, countryside, loneliness and stability. The ideal life of human beings is from the big Create culture out of nature, build cities out of villages, gather crowds out of solitude, and find activities out of stability. If you seek life in mature cultures, bustling cities, bustling crowds, and established activities, that’s just Struggling. Looking for enjoyment, that’s just regressing. Asking about the future, I’m afraid there will only be destruction. If you want to remedy, you can only return to nature, and then return to the countryside, seek another life in the lonely stability, and find a new way out.”

Qian Mu also said: "All material life does not have much depth, so what affects the whole life is not profound. Flying in the air, it is just a little faster, and it is not necessarily true that the person who takes the plane has deep feelings in his heart. , how many changes will be brought about... If people are confined to material life for the rest of their lives, without revealing the inner depths of their love of beauty and seeking knowledge. A bottomless pursuit of moving forward is indeed the biggest flaw in life. It can be compensated. Life can only progress in the mind, not just in the material."

When Wen Yiduo was a professor at Qingdao University, he once said in a letter: "In our Qingdao, everything that belongs to nature is good, and all kinds of interests that belong to human affairs have too many shortcomings." Feng Zikai likes to enjoy the scenery in unknown places where many tourists would not patronize.He said: "I leave the famous places such as Three Pools Reflecting the Moon and Yue Temple to others. People abandon me and take it, and others take it. This is the secret of Fan Li's wealth. It is also suitable for appreciating it." Qian Zhongshu said: "Eating is sometimes like getting married. The most important thing in name is actually an accessory. Eating a fancy meal is actually just eating vegetables, just like a lady who pleases a rich man. The purpose is not for women. This kind of sovereignty Shifting sideways contains a turned and not very simple outlook on life."

When Lin Yutang evaluated the two elements of "freedom" and "independence" proposed by Li Liweng in the Ming Dynasty, he believed that "freedom" was more important than "independence".He said: "Because no matter how spacious and gorgeous a person has a house, there is always a room in it that he likes most, and he often lives in it, and it must be a small, simple, untidy, and warm room." I especially appreciate Li Liweng's opinion: "Ordinary people only love rich and beautiful, but they don't like rich and beautiful; because they can't create new things, they have nothing to do with rich and beautiful, so they have to use this to blame."

On May 31, 1924, Zhou Zuoren wrote to Sun Fuyuan on the train of Jinpu Railway, saying: "It is not that I don't want to eat big vegetables, but even if I want to eat them, it will make people unhappy if they are forced to eat. stand up." In 1924, Zhou Zuoren wrote in an article: "In addition to the things we need for daily use, we must also have some useless games and pleasures, so that life can be interesting. We watch the sunset, the autumn river, the flowers, and the music. Rain, smelling incense, drinking wine that does not quench your thirst, and eating snacks that do not satisfy you, are all necessary in life—although they are useless decorations, and the more refined they are, the better.”

After Xu Zhimo and Zhang Youyi divorced, Zhang Youyi's elder brother Zhang Junmai opposed her sister's remarriage, saying: "A woman can only marry once, otherwise the Chinese customs will be meaningless." In the 1940s, a friend of scholar Jin Xingyao wanted to sell an old-style house in Hangzhou and build another villa by the West Lake.Jin disapproves of living by the lakeside, which involves his understanding of life: "We should keep a little psychological distance when we appreciate all the beauty; if we face the lake and mountains all day long, the lake and mountains may not arouse our deep attachment. If you wander deeply, you will feel bored instead. It is best to stay ten miles away from your residence. If you come here for a month by chance, you can have a pleasant and relaxing adjustment mentally and psychologically. Then I bid farewell to it, leaving an indelible impression. Just like reading Li Du's poems every day, you will gradually get bored. The so-called sneaking in is the real way to appreciate the pleasure of leisure. Otherwise, it will be boring and boring. Nonsense, it has become a "tragedy with almost nothing". When I was young, I read a poem from the Song Dynasty: "Because I met a monk in the bamboo courtyard, I stole half a day of leisure in a floating life." Half a day of leisure is worth ten years of fatigue."

Zhao Jingshen said: "Qian Gechuan has an interest in life, he doesn't live life in a formulaic way." Qian Zhongshu said: "Straight-hearted advice, if it comes to beautiful friends of the opposite sex, they are of course willing to listen to it. Turning around in circles; only women with no curves, who can speak straight to the bottom." "No friend is light, and Weslow's proud words are only for me." Liang Sicheng said: "We have traditional habits and tastes, family organization, living standards, work and rest, as well as cooking, sewing, indoor calligraphy and painting display, and outdoor garden flowers and trees, all are different from Westerners. The total performance of all these performances was once our buildings."

Xie Liuyi wrote to his friends: "Smart people don't want to get married, and they don't even need to have a family." Xie himself is not only married, but also has a group of children and an enviable happy family. Wu Mi said: "Except for academics and love, I don't want to talk about other issues." Liang Shuming once talked about the criteria for choosing a mate: "In terms of age, appearance, family background, and knowledge, I don't care about it at all. I hope to find a lenient and kind person. However, just being lenient and lacking in extraordinary interest, It seems that it is also difficult to be my mate. People who have a supernatural interest but not enough courage will inevitably suffer from it. Therefore, I am looking for someone who is magnanimous and charitable. It is naturally not easy to get, if Talent is roughly similar to this, even if you can't read or write, it doesn't matter." Liang Shiqiu said: "Mr. Qi (Rushan) is open-minded and has no attachments, so he can enjoy life and enjoy life as art, so he is unrestrained and unrestrained, looking like a wild crane in the clouds. For fun, he appreciates all kinds of social life with ease. He has leisure time to study "Three Hundred and Sixty Lines", he does not hesitate to associate with traffickers and pawns, and he is willing to try all kinds of local snacks. Once he invited us a few I personally eat 'tofu nao', and there is a shop specializing in tofu nao outside Chongwenmen in Beiping, and I, a native of Beiping, don't even know there is such a place." Yang Zhensheng said: "Calligraphy and painting only seek the best, why are famous artists?" Someone once mentioned to Lu Xun that Ouyang Yuqian, Tian Han and others wanted to promote the idea of ​​saving the country by improving Peking Opera. Lu Xun said with a smile: "Using Peking Opera to promote national salvation means: 'We can save the country, is this okay?' " Zhang Ailing's dress can't be distinguished from avant-garde or outdated.Once she went to print the proofs of the manuscript she was reading, and when chatting with the female worker, she said: "If you want to make people pay attention to you as the only one among so many people, you have to find your grandmother's clothes to wear." Clothes, aren’t they the same as wearing shrouds?” Zhang said, “It doesn’t matter, just be chic.” One evening in the spring of 1936, the writer Wu Langxi went to a dinner near Yongan Company.After getting off the tram, he went to a lottery shop to buy airline tickets to try his luck.At this time, someone came over and patted him on the shoulder. Wu looked back and saw that it was Lu Xun. He was nervous for a moment and couldn't say anything else, so he asked Lu Xun, "Sir, do you want to buy lottery tickets?" Don’t buy cash receipts.” Lu Xun said: "It is true that from the perspective of economics, under the current system, 'leisure' is indeed a kind of wealth." Shao Xunmei believes that gambling is full of poetry. Jin Yuelin said: "Mr. Shen Congwen used to like to use the four words 'passing the day' to describe life." Jin Yuelin said: "In the early 1930s, Mr. Tang Qinghuang and I started discussing the concept of 'elegance' from eight o'clock in the evening until after two o'clock in the middle of the night. Elegance is something that can’t be obtained more and more.” During Xu Beihong and Jiang Biwei’s stay in Beijing before going to France, Xu socialized around every day, while Jiang Zeku stayed at home. She said: “In the next few decades, although I often heard friends say how ideal a home in Peking is, I never thought about it. I want to live in Peiping. Because in my memory, my one-year life in Peiping was nothing but depression and poverty.” Lin Yutang said: "The easiest way to detect a Chinese's temper is to ask him whether he likes Lin Daiyu or Xue Baochai. If he likes Daiyu, then he is an idealist; if he agrees with Baochai, then he is an idealist." A realist. Some like Qingwen, then he may be a great writer in the future; some like Shi Xiangyun, he should also like Li Bai's poems." Lu Xun once taught at Xiamen University. He had this impression of Xiamen: "Although this place looks interesting at first sight, it is actually very monotonous. There are always such mountains and such seas. Even the weather is always so warm, and the trees are harmonious. Flowers and plants are always open and green like this." Lu Xun also said: "I don't love Jiangnan. Delicacy is delicate, but stingy. Hearing Suzhou dialect makes people feel nauseous. This kind of language must be banned in the future. .” Liang Shiqiu said: "Although my footprints are not extensive, I have traveled through more than a dozen provinces from Liaodong in the north to Baiyue in the south. I think Qingdao should be the place that really makes people want to linger." Xu Zhimo said: "There is a difference between affection and love between a man and a woman. A husband must never interfere with his wife's making friends. Besides, the opium couch seems to be close. They can only talk about love, not love. Therefore, the most regular and innocent relationship between men and women The most ambiguous and noisiest thing is playing cards.” On October 29, 1935, Lu Xun sent a letter to Cao Juren: "Today, I read Mr.'s work and think everyone's attention is on Hu Die's marriage. In fact, this is unavoidable. If there are no butterflies flying on the surface, tabloids will also do it." not go down." Lu Xun said: "While lighting the lights, taking the train, and eating Western food, I criticize science and talk about the quintessence of Chinese culture. This is indeed the disadvantage of the so-called 'literary bureaucrats'. Gandhi in India was anti-British. Not only did he not use British products, he even got sick. Come on, don’t use British medicine, this is ‘words and deeds’. But Chinese scholars often only talk empty words to show themselves that they are extraordinary.” In April 1936, Lu Xun sent a letter to Yan Limin: "I am in favor of you gathering in Peiping for another two years; I have lived in Peiping for 17 years, and I like Peiping very much. Now I have been away for ten years, and I want to see it too." Zhang Jingsheng said: "New males should have huge noses, bushy beards, broad shoulders, and strong muscles; new females should have high nose bridges, rosy cheeks, full breasts, fat buttocks, thick thighs, and well-developed skin. genital organs—all of which are the product of the culmination of sexual interest during intercourse." Zhou Zuoren said: "I think Beijing is the happiest place in China." Yu Dafu said: "Women are inferior animals after all. They only want money and empty honor. I want to cut off communication with the opposite sex in the future." In class, Hu Shi once added a line to the motto "You can't be subdued when you are powerful, you can't be obscene if you are rich, and you can't be moved when you are poor." Lin Yutang once described his life style in the third person: "He advocates leisure time, but he thinks that he is the most toilsome in China except Mr. Jiang and Mrs. Jiang. He just can't calm down. The train never stops. He must stand in the station." Wandering around, going to the store to inspect all kinds of candies and magazines. I would rather walk three flights of stairs than wait for the elevator. Washing dishes is very fast, but always breaks one or two. He said that Edison can stay up for 24 hours, not enough It's strange, it depends on whether you concentrate on your work or not. 'When an American congressman speaks for five minutes, Edison will fall asleep, and I am similar to him.'” Lin Yutang said: "I think a person's room should be somewhat messy, seven points solemn and three points casual, so that it can be comfortable to live in. It must not be like a monk's living room, or like a guest room in a mansion. God Under the baffle, it is best to hang a long-burning lamp from a Buddhist temple. When entering the room, there is a slight smell of oily smoke. In addition, there are smells of smoke, books, and various incomprehensible smells..." "I want a few sets, not celebrities. A long coat that is sent but not very fashionable, and two pairs of old shoes that fit my feet. When I am at home, I want to be able to idle freely... On a hot day with a temperature above 95, I was promised to show my arms in front of the servants and wear A short vest is enough. I want my servants to be as casual as I am. I want a heater in winter and a hot tub in summer." "I want a few bosom friends, don't have to stick to the law, willing Confided their difficulties to me. They talked freely, and Plato was as familiar as "Pin Hua Bao Jian". A few friends who can talk to me deeply, who have hobbies and opinions, can respect my opinion at the same time Hobbies and my claims, though perhaps to the contrary." Pan Guangdan said: "I have an idea in recent years, that is, I feel that both large and small families are not good. The most reasonable is a moderately large family, which eliminates the shortcomings of large and small families. This kind of moderately large family is formed by old and strong Organized by three generations, the elderly have rich experience, the strong have the strength to do things, and the few have ideals and vigor, so that the welfare of the family can be improved. Such a family can use the characteristics of each person to develop outward. It is good for the country and society, and their families." Pan Guangdan believes that it is best for women to take care of their children at home and educate them before the age of 40. When the children grow up, the mothers will participate in social work.But this view was almost unanimously opposed by the female students of Tsinghua University. Chiang Kai-shek said: "The harmony between husband and wife is the only joy in life." In the spring of 1925, Sun Yat-sen was seriously ill and admitted to Union Hospital, and Western medicine had no solution.At this time, Zhang Jingjiang, Hu Shi and others recommended Chinese medicine to Sun Yat-sen."A ship without a compass may reach its destination, but a ship with a compass sometimes fails. But I would rather sail with scientific instruments," Sun said. Lu Xun said: "When people are bored, they are more terrifying than anything else, because it happens from themselves, and there is little cure for it." In 1920, Wu Mi and Chen Yinke met in New York. At that time, they were still young people in their 30s, and they inevitably talked about love and marriage.Wu Mi's diary recorded several passages of Chen Yinke's arguments, such as: "Chen Jun also discussed emotion as a thing... and concluded: (1) The most important thing is that there is no one in the world, and he is willing to do it without imagining it. Death, such as Du Liniang. (2) Those who have a good acquaintance with others, but have never shared a quilt, are next, such as Bao Dai, etc., and Chinese unmarried virgins. (3) Second, once Once on the pillow mat, but never forget forever, such as Shiqi and Pan Youan, and the Chinese widow. (4) The second is the couple, who have never had an affair for life. I want to be a picture, but I don't care about love." Another example: "Chen Junyinke said: 'It is my great shame to learn morality that is inferior to others. What shame is there in marrying a wife who is inferior to others?' And said: 'Marry a wife Just one thing in life, small and small. It’s easy to understate.'” Zhang Boling, the principal of Nankai, said: "People can have bad luck, but they can't have bad looks. The more unlucky they are, the more they should have a clean face, haircut, clothes and shoes, so that people can feel fresh, bright and comfortable at first glance. Bad luck will turn around soon." Liang Shiqiu said: "Clean tea is the most elegant." The example he gave for this conclusion is: "Before the Anti-Japanese War, when visiting the old man Zhitang in the Kucha Temple, the host and guest always had a cup of clear tea, which was light, astringent, and green. " Tang Dingzhi didn't like stir-fried dishes with meat and vegetables, and said: "What is meat is meat, and what is vegetarian is vegetarian. Why make it neither meat nor vegetarian!" Feng Zikai compared life to a three-story building.One is material life, the other is artistic life, and the third is spiritual life.Master Hongyi's renunciation is not satisfied with the artistic life, but climbed to the third floor to explore the truth of the universe and the truth of human beings. Liang Shuming said: "I always put my mood in a flat way, the more flat the better. My life is like this. For example, I drink plain water and don't drink much tea. I think tea is a bit exciting. I don't even want it. Drink tea; boiled water is good. I eat light food, all meat, and I don’t eat anything that people think is delicious, and I eat very little.” Huang Chang said: "In addition to eating, sleeping, and working, a person must have something interesting to do in order to feel that life is interesting." Lin Yutang said: "In life, when I was young, I thought I didn't understand everything. When I was in college, I thought I knew everything. After graduation, I realized I didn't understand anything. When I was middle-aged, I thought I knew everything. Only in my later years did I realize that I didn't understand everything." Lin Yutang said: "There is such a strange group of people in China. They are the bottom class. Their interests are being damaged every day, but they have the consciousness of the ruling class. It is almost impossible to find such mentally retarded things in the animal world." Wu Changshuo said: "Using chopsticks to eat is so elegant. Using knives and forks in Western dishes is still a primitive habit. It is a barbaric habit and it is not suitable." The painter Cheng Yaosheng is not short of money, but he is very frugal.He doesn't smoke, doesn't drink, eats no fish, lives without a car, and most of the furniture in the apartment is bought cheaply from thrift stores. One long table is missing a leg, and it is padded with a kerosene tank.But he takes pleasure in helping others, and once said: "I am blessed by nature, and my fortune should be shared with others." Wu Hufan said to Chen Ju: "Whenever you meet someone you don't know, you must never let them see that you are an Indian and I am a painter. If Ye Gongchuo talked about his railway construction to everyone, Mei Lanfang talked about it to everyone. Its western skin is two yellow, isn't it shallow?" Qian Zhongshu said: "The phrase 'forever happy' is not only too vague to be realized, but also too absurd to be tenable. If it is too fast, it will not be permanent; when we talk about eternal happiness, it is like talking about a square circle and a static movement. It is also contradictory." "Happiness in life is like sugar cubes that lure children to take medicine, and more like electric rabbits that lure dogs to race in dog parks. The happiness of a few minutes or a few days earns us a lifetime. Much pain. We wish it to come, we wish it to stay, we wish it to come again—these three words sum up the entire history of human endeavor." Zhou Zuoren was very disgusted with keeping birds in cages. He said: "If you want to appreciate them, you can watch or listen to them as much as possible when they are flying freely. Why do you need to lock them in a cage and walk with them? I think this is the same as liking footbinding. It is a painful appreciation, a perverted and cruel psychology.” On December 7, 1924, Zhou Zuoren wrote to scholar Jiang Shaoyuan: "What I mean is that the purpose of clothes is to cover the body and show off the body, so we should pay attention to the beauty as well as the practicality. Some places are exposed, and some places are hidden. It’s all about showing off the beauty of the body, if it’s hidden or exposed, but detracts from the beauty, it’s useless. No matter whether one foot or two is exposed under the skirt, it’s always not good-looking, so it should naturally be corrected.” When Huang Chang was young, he was fond of wine. He was a reporter, and he often drank so much that he went to work the night shift, writing reviews as usual.He said: "The memories of drinking are very pleasant. It is precisely because 'teenagers don't know the taste of sorrow', I have never understood why alcohol can relieve worries." Lin Huiyin said: "The mountains of the Summer Palace are too vulgar, and the essence of the Summer Palace is in the back mountains." Gu Hongming advocates taking concubines. His reason is that it is said in "Zi Shuo" that "concubines" are "liu women" for men to lean on when they are tired.Some foreign women argued with her, saying that it might be the other way around. When a woman is tired, she can use a man as a hand, so she can have polyandry.Gu Hongming's reason for rebuttal is: one teapot can be matched with four teacups, and one teacup can be matched with four teapots. Throughout his life, Wu Peifu adhered to the "three noes" principle in life, that is, not going abroad, not living in concessions, and not marrying concubines. In 1925, Li Jinfa was introduced by Zheng Zhenduo to join the Literature Research Society and became the 149th member of the society.Once this young man of literature entered the circle of literature and came into contact with a group of so-called famous figures, he realized that they were "actually poor poor people who were racking their brains in pavilions. To be an editor is to be complacent and to be trusted for the rest of your life. This is the case when a literati has no future." Li Jinfa finally gave up the literary path he had dreamed of. Throughout his life, Cao Juren was a scholar, a writer, and a journalist, and he had a wide range of contacts. It can be said that his articles and friends are all over the world.He once said in an article: "When it comes to getting along with friends, I should mention the words of Pascal (French 17th century thinker, namely Pascal): 'No one speaks our words in front of us, and speaks our words in front of us. The same will be said behind the scenes; the love between people is only based on mutual deception; if everyone knew what his friends said behind his back, there would not be many friendships that could remain unbroken.'Friends get along, They are also like hedgehogs in winter, if they are far apart, they cannot feel warmth; if they are too close, each other's needles will sting each other's flesh again, so they can only keep a certain distance from each other so that they can feel warm and comfortable. Not to hurt each other." Zhu Ziqing, whose ancestral home is Shaoxing, Zhejiang, grew up in Yangzhou. He said: "Many people think that Yangzhou is a place where women come out. But when I grew up, I never saw a good woman on the street. Maybe there were few women back then. Let's go! However, the so-called "out of women" in the past actually refers to aunts and prostitutes. The word "out" is the same as the word "out" for wool and apples. "I remember this kind of thing in one section, but I don't know anything about it. Many people think that Yangzhou is a place to eat well. I guarantee you that you are right. Beijingers usually mention Jiangsu cuisine and always think of it. It is sweet and greasy. Now that I have Huaiyang cuisine, I know that there are also non-sweet dishes in Jiangsu; but I thought that the heavy oil is different from the light Shandong cuisine. In fact, Zhenjiang cuisine is really heavy in oil; Although the chefs of the merchants cook it, although it is not as bland as Shandong cuisine, it is still moist and neat, and never greasy. Not only is the taste delicious, but the color is also clear and pleasing to the eye." Tian Han said: "Marriage is like a rope tied around the neck. If you are not free, it is best not to get married and use the lover system." Tian Han's partner An'e's view of love is also consistent with this. Love does not fight for the body", "heavy content but not form".An Ge said: "Why do women not value the form of marriage? If the union of men and women is based on love, it doesn't matter whether they live together or get married. It is impossible to use marriage as a guarantee of love. of."