Chapter 18 17.interest

In the 1930s, Yao Xueyin was a typical literary youth who had "drifted north" four times.The second time he came to Peking, it was already winter, and he lived in the Penglai apartment near the beach. Because he couldn’t afford a rickshaw, he walked to Wenjinge Beijing Library to read every day, leaving early and returning late.He recalled in his later years: "At that time, after 9 o'clock in the evening, the road from Wenjin Street to the beach was very deserted, and there were few pedestrians. What left the deepest impression in my mind is that several times when I came back, I walked to Jinaoyuyu On the bridge, I stayed for a while leaning against the white marble railings. The cold moon was shining brightly, the lights in Beihai and Zhongnanhai were sparse, and there was an occasional breeze blowing by, and I could see the rustling of dried lotuses near the stone bridge."

In 1923, Zang Kejia was admitted to Shandong Provincial First Normal School.The current freshmen all live in the "North Garden" in the suburbs of Jinan, which is similar to some schools today.There is flowing water everywhere in the North Garden, and rice fields are everywhere.At the end of autumn, when the lotus is dry, let the water go away, it has a wild taste, although there is a sense of desolation, the artistic conception is very vivid.In his spare time, Zang Kejia often invites his classmates Li Guangtian and Deng Guangming to go out. Facing the autumn scenery, he walks on the monorail with both feet on the railway until he reaches Huangtai Station.

After moving to the school headquarters in the second year, Zang Kejia formed a small group with several classmates who liked literature.One evening in early autumn, they brought a bottle of wine to the shore of Daming Lake, jumped into a boat, and let the punters row to a quiet place.Zang Kejia later described the scene and state of mind at that time in this way: "The sky is dark and moonless, the cold stars are shining, the night is deserted, and the boat is in the middle of the lake. At this time, we feel free and comfortable, as if we are in our own world." After Yuanyuantang was destroyed by the war, Feng Zikai wrote several articles to commemorate and commemorate it, revealing the charm of Yuanyuantang in spring, summer, autumn and winter.For example, in summer, "you can see erratic figures outside the curtain, and hear laughter when you are on the swing. Just picked up a load of 'Xinshi Juicy Peach' outside the door, and another load of 'Tongxiang Drunken Plum'. Shout 'open watermelon'." Suddenly, many brothers and sisters came from upstairs and downstairs. When a guest came in the evening, a seat for a drink was immediately set up under the shade of the plantain. This comfortable life is also unforgettable for me.”Another example is winter, "the house is basking in the sun all day long, and the smell of Pu'er tea is always on the charcoal stove." "There is a pile of taro drying on the porch, two urns of new rice wine hidden in the corner, and homemade dried stinky tofu and moldy thousand sheets in the kitchen. On Saturday night, the children sat together until late at night, and everyone baked rice cakes on the stove. Simmer ginkgo nuts until the Big Dipper turns. This comforting taste also makes me unforgettable."

Li Zongren has been in the army for many years, and he doesn't know what it means to "retreat from the summer heat".When he was the commander-in-chief of the fifth war zone, he was stationed in Laohekou, Henan. In the summer of 1942, the heat was unbearable, and the leaves could be curled up during the day.Someone suggested that he go to the seamount sixty miles away from Laohekou to escape the summer heat.Li Chu had no such intentions, but because it was too hot, everyone persuaded him, and the war was relatively stable, so he went to Haishan to live for a few days.There used to be more than ten foreign-style houses built by foreign missionaries on the mountain. At this time, the owners had avoided the war and returned home, and Li Zongren and his party had the right to live in them as tourists.Their car drove to the foot of the sea mountain, and when they went up the mountain on a sliding pole, they felt the breeze. "The mountain is full of trees and gurgling springs. It's really a special world. Only then did I taste the so-called fun of summer vacation."This year, Li Zongren was 52 years old.

On the evening of April 22, 1949, Li Zongren returned to Nanjing after meeting Chiang Kai-shek in Hangzhou.At this time, the outskirts of Nanjing were already rumbling, and the urban area was desolate.The shops in the prosperous areas such as Zhongshan Road and Taiping Road were all closed, and there were no pedestrians on the street.It was Nanjing's last night as the capital of the Republic of China.That night, although Li Zongren "took off his clothes and lay down", he "tossed and turned, unable to fall asleep".The next day, he boarded the plane and left in a hurry.On that day, Nanjing was liberated.

In the autumn of 1934, Shu Xincheng and his wife traveled to Qingyang Port in Suzhou. That night, they rowed on the river, and everything was still. Only the sound of their oars and the occasional passing train broke the silence between heaven and man.Shu wrote: "The sound of oars is like whistling, the sound of cars is like roaring, like the sound of nature, and the reflection of restaurant street lights in the water is like stars. We occupy the whole universe in a small boat, and the youth's mood suddenly grows. Mid-stream, sing loudly." When Zhang Henshui was in Nanjing, he often took the bus out of the city alone in winter and went for a walk by the river.After drinking a gust of northwest wind, find a teahouse by the river to drink tea, brew a pot of Maojian, order a bowl of dried silk, and put two plates of spiced peanuts on it. The wind is blowing the waves, one by one the waves are white-headed, but the vision is very wide."

At the beginning of 1929, Zhong Jingwen traveled to the West Lake with his friends. He was attracted by the "cold fun" and said with emotion: "When we boarded the boat in front of the Yuewang Temple, the snow fell again. In the lake, except for our one Apart from small boats, there are no other boats. Pinghu is deserted, and everything is silent. The boat crosses the Xiling Bridge and slowly floats in Lixi Lake. , standing upright in the wind and snow. On the mountain path, there is no one in sight; on the lake, there are no traces of waterfowl, only slight ripples when the fluttering snowflakes fall. Liu Zongyuan's poem says: "A thousand mountains and birds fly away, Thousands of paths and people disappear. The lone boatman, fishing alone in the cold river and snow.' I think if there is a fisherman fishing at this time, it can be borrowed to explain the scene in front of him."

One night in February 1929, some young teachers from Tsinghua University got together to discuss how to ask the school to resume sending teaching assistants to study in the United States.After the event, Pan Shining, Sun Ruiheng, Pu Jiangqing and others stayed to talk about marriage and other topics, and they left after midnight.It was the thirteenth day of the first lunar month, and the bright moon was in the sky, looking tall and small.The three of them strolled through the campus, and Pu Jiangqing said to Pan Shining: "The ancients said, 'The mountains are high and the moon is small', how can it be true in the flat land today?" Pan replied: "The weather in the north is very clean, and there are no clouds in the sky, so it can be so." The three So he decided not to go back to the house to sleep for the time being, and went out of the gate of the Academic Affairs Office to make a detour around the campus.Pu Jiangqing wrote in his diary that day: "The whole garden seems to have fallen asleep, there is no light, and it is extremely quiet, except for the sound of three people's footsteps. I saw a policeman on the road and looked at Yu and the others. I couldn't see his face in the moonlight. When you feel wronged and surprised. Yu said: "Everything is predestined, friends are worthy of each other, chatting, casual travel, all have predestined relationship." Pan Yun: "There are some friends who agree or disagree, and we can't explain it with reasons. We will do it right away." For a thousand dollars, who is willing to accompany us to chat at two or three o'clock, and then go out to watch the moon in the cold!'"

Scholar Qian Mu is from Wuxi. After coming to the north, he didn't feel uncomfortable, but he was very happy.He wrote in a book: "When Yu first came to the north, it was winter. There was a stove in the dormitory. Put a kettle on the stove and a teacup on the table. Soaking. Sleeping in the middle of the night, the taste of peace and happiness has never been tasted before." He also wrote: "At that time, Yu lived in Tang Xiyu's house in Nanchizi, which was the closest to the Taimiao. There were two hundred towering ancient cypresses on the side of the temple, scattered on a large lawn, with a quiet view Qian. There is a ditch in the north, facing the wall of the Forbidden City. There is a teahouse on the lawn, but there are very few tourists. The waiter of the teahouse and Yu Xiangren chose a good place for Yu, a wicker chair, a small coffee table, and make tea A pot. If I go for a walk, or lie down, thinking about the past, this is the most suitable one. If I go in the afternoon, I will return at dusk."

On July 2, 1921, Hu Shi went to Shichahai to attend a wedding and presided over the marriage for the man. He said in his diary: "Shichahai lotus is blooming, and there are many pergolas by the water for playing various low-level games. There are many tourists in the afternoon, which can be regarded as a kind of Civilian Casino. After I saluted, I also went for a walk. I bought a small painting of Yang Jin and a small Buddha at an antique stall. This was the first time I bought an antique in my life.” More than half a century later, the scholar Deng Yunxiang made great use of this description by Hu Shi. He deduced that the wedding that Hu Shi attended was held at the Huixian Hall by the Shichahai Lake, and further said: "The scenery in front of the Huixian Hall is very beautiful, especially the building, which sits in the northwest. To the southeast, there are eleven tall two-story buildings with polished bricks facing each other. The upper floors are facing Shichahai. There are wide corridors. Inside the large floor-to-ceiling glass doors are all elegant seats. The banquet is not open, or after the banquet , the people in the private seats are leaning on the railing, looking at the scenery of the lotus market. The people below look up, with big braids, ace hair, and hosta flowers and gardenias. When I heard it, I was really like a man among gods."

Zhijiang University is a missionary school, located on the banks of the Qiantang River in the Liuhe Pagoda in Hangzhou, with mountains and rivers, and picturesque scenery.Xia Chengtao, a scholar who taught here in the 1930s, once wrote in his diary: "Ye and Yongru leaned on the lover's bridge to listen to the water, the stars are in the sky, the green is like a dream, and they talked for a long time." Yongru is Gu Yongru, Beijing He graduated from university and is Xia Chengtao's colleague and close friend.Previously in July 1924, Shi Zhecun, who was studying here, wrote what he thought was the "most beautiful" diary in his life: "After dinner, walking before the dormitory, I suddenly saw the Six Harmonies Pagoda covered with lights, and the stars shined brightly. In the middle of the sky, there was a fan chant bell coming out of Lin Bo. Because I remembered that today is the birthday of Dizang, does Yuelun Temple have a celebration ceremony? So I went to Yuelun Temple alone, and the monks were reading the scriptures. People walk in the corridors and verandas, which is very congested. The gate of the pagoda is also open, and many climbers hesitate to go up. Look at the opening of the flames until nine o'clock. Then see the professor's daughter and her weak brother, and they come out from the east of the main hall. , Those who looked at the darkness outside the door also hesitated to know what to do. Yu Hu was brave and wise, and pulled out the candle in front of Mi Buddha to lead his younger brother, illuminate it back to school, and send it to the residence. It's too much to be in a trance." In the 1930s and 1940s, Zhang Zhongxing and his friend Shu Jun often visited the agricultural experiment field (Wansheng Yuan, later the zoo) in the western suburbs of Beiping.He recalled in his later years: "There is a field in the west of the garden, where various crops and fruit trees are planted. I remember one early summer morning, when the wheat field had turned from green to yellow. We used to sit among the wheat ridges and listen to the cuckoo call with our eyes closed. When we think of the world, we feel that it is both vast and narrow. What is more memorable than the countryside is the earth mound sandwiched by the stream, and the jungle on the mound. We often sit there, chat, watch the sun as it approaches noon, and take out Bring food, picnic. In the jungle, the colors of spring, summer and autumn are different, and autumn is the most interesting. The cuckoos have long since disappeared, but there are a lot of crickets in the grass, and their songs are always full of sadness. This reminds us of The world is not vast and narrow, but too short." Deng Yunxiang said: "The happy life in the world does not lie solely in the completeness and ingenuity of the material, but what is more memorable is a clean environment, a quiet atmosphere, a beautiful relationship and artistic interest. For example, in the old days in Beijing In the summer, I live in a small courtyard house in a small alley. There are two or three old houses. The inside is completely white to the ground. It is pasted cleanly with large white paper (a kind of wallpaper). A small pillow wrapped with a pillow mat, and the big locust tree in the courtyard next to it just blocks the sun from the west, so you can take a nap every afternoon on the plank under the cold cloth screen window covered with green shade. When you wake up with a pillow, you are still a little dizzy Sleepiness, at this time, there are two very crisp sounds sent to the eardrums with the breeze from the window, intermittent, long and pleasant, one is the cicadas on the jujube tree in the courtyard, the hotter the more joyful; the other is outside the gate. The sound of the iceman selling ice cups at the entrance of the alley, the hotter it is, the more crisp it is. The poet Wang Yuyang said, "The cherries have passed the fragrance of tea, and the sound of copper bowls calls for selling ice." Such an environment, such an atmosphere, such a harmonious relationship between people and Isn’t such an artistic realm that is not beyond the ordinary, the most comfortable and beautiful in the world? Why bother with the air-conditioned suite on the 16th floor of the Beijing Hotel? It’s too much trouble.” On a Sunday in September 1931, Hu Shi, Xu Zhimo and Luo Ergang visited Jingshan together.Hu Shi said: "The weather in Peiping is best in autumn. It's really rare to have half a day off in life. How can I put down work and enjoy the autumn scenery?" In 1926, Yu Dafu was teaching Sun Yat-Sen University in Guangzhou. He wrote in his diary on November 22: "The same fellow from the same village walked slowly outside the North Gate for a walk, and then ate in the North Garden. The sky was full of clouds, From time to time, the blue sky reveals that the sunlight can't be blocked, and the colorful light shines among the trees. Sitting on the water pavilion and drinking tea, it is very quiet. Looking northwest, the rocks of Baiyun Mountain are yellow, purple, gray, colorless and unprepared. , It was a very leisurely morning." In 1934, Yu Dafu had already settled in Hangzhou.One day at the beginning of the year, he woke up early in the morning feeling "depressed and bored", so he went out for a walk.He said in his diary: "The water potential of the Qiantang River has fallen, and the trestle bridge across the river is clearly identifiable. If the Qiantang River Bridge is completed, the river will have to change again. The surface of the West Lake is like a large lead plate. There are no tourists and boats, and the people are depressed. At the end of the year, it is indeed an urgent scene in the dying years... When you are unhappy, climbing Wushan and looking at the smoke and water can indeed eliminate half of your worries, so I come here once or twice a month on average." In the summer of 1928, Yu Dafu went north from Hangzhou to escape the summer heat and stayed in Peiping for more than a month. Diary entry on August 25th: "Last night was the Ghost Festival, and the lotus lanterns were set off in Beihai. It was extremely prosperous and crowded. When I came back after dinner, the moon was as bright as day on the road. Unexpectedly, after the heavy rain, there was such a good night." Qian Mu has a wild taste.When he was at the Southwest Associated University, he usually lived in a secluded county on the outskirts of Kunming. Except for teaching in Kunming, he lived alone and wrote books. He wrote the 500,000-word "Outline of National History" in one year.Chen Yinke once came here for a visit and said with a smile: "It's a great thing to write here, but if I live here alone, I must be insane." House.He wrote to the students: "I like living in the countryside the most." Qian Mu and Qian Zhongshu have old family history.After Yang Jiang and Qian Zhongshu got engaged, they went north from Wuxi to study at Tsinghua University in the fall of 1933, while Qian Mu was teaching at Yenching University.The two had nothing to say along the way. Yang Jiang recalled: "We bought third-class seats, and we were strangers to each other in the car. At most he asked me to answer, and everyone felt tired and had no interest in talking." After the car passed Bengbu, outside the window It was desolate, "no mountains, no water, no trees, no crops, no houses, just big rolling mounds." Yang Jiang sighed and said, "this section of the road is the most boring." Qian Mu said, "this ancient battlefield is also .” Qian Mu told Yang Jiang, where to camp and where to charge.Yang Jiang said: "Although the bones of the people who died in the battle have withered and the phosphorus and fire have dried up, I can't help feeling nostalgic for the past. I didn't leave this vast area until I saw the 'big but deep and beautiful' Langya Mountain. ancient battlefield." When Wang Zengqi was in junior high school in Gaoyou County, a row of large willow trees were planted along the moat.Wang Zengqi said: "Willows look like smoke from a distance, but they rise and fall like waves when there is wind. For the first time, I realized what 'smoke willow' and 'willow waves' are, and I felt the beauty of Chinese language. It can be said this way: This row of willows taught me how to Use language." From the summer of 1948 to the summer of 1949, Wang Zengqi worked in the History Museum at the Meridian Gate of Beiping for a year.He later recalled: "At night, Tiananmen, Duanmen, and the left and right gates were all closed, so I went to the house to read. The dormitory I lived in was next to the right gate. It is said that it was originally Jinyiwei—a spy who executed the imperial staff. The house on duty. There is no sound outside, very quiet. Sometimes I go out of the room, stand on the stone field in front of the Meridian Gate, look up at the stars, and feel that the whole world is cold, but only here is hot. " Qian Mu is from Wuxi. When he was about 20 years old, for about a year, he traveled between Meicun and Dangkou towns in his hometown by boat every week.In his later years, he recalled: "Yu sat on the bow of the boat and read "Historical Records: Biography of Li Si Lie". It has gone up and down through the ages, as if it is now. When I read it, I have gained a new perspective. I should start reading this chapter by myself." When Cao Juren was in his 20s, he taught at Jinan University.The school is located in Zhenru Town, more than ten kilometers away from Shanghai, where it is still a wilderness with a wild and interesting scenery.Cao Juren said: "At that time, Zhenru could be said to be a full rural life. The villages around Jinan were all one-story houses, which were similar to the countryside in my own hometown. Because of the strong sea wind, there were very few buildings. There are several gardens and several buildings, all of which are the suburban villas of Shanghai's rich and famous people, and they are not rented out for holidays. Later, Zhang Tianfang and I finally found a building near Yangjiaqiao to live together. When we are tired of the dusty life in Shanghai, this is a good new environment." "Living in a western-style building and enjoying the rural scenery is of course elegant. Peach blossoms are in full bloom across the fence, and a gust of wind brings the fragrance of cauliflower. Isn’t it His Majesty Xihuang? I can understand such a poetic life.” In June 1924, Zhou Zuoren went to Shandong to give lectures. On June 1, the car arrived in Jinan. He said in a letter: "After arriving at Jinan Station at ten o'clock, I took a foreign car to enter the city. I saw many shops on the road closed. All of them have "Paimen" on them, which is similar to the east of Zhejiang. I can't be regarded as a person who loves my hometown, but I also like this kind of street market very much. One summer, I went from home to Hangzhou because the river was dry. , the boat can only go to Niushibang, and set off in a sedan chair at three or four o'clock in the morning, passing through Xiaoshan County. Even better, in fact glass doors are much more convenient than row doors. But from the sidelines, I always find the old shop doors more interesting." Huang Chang spent his youth in Tianjin.He said: "In my memory, the city of Tianjin is warm and a place worth nostalgic for." He recalled: "At the corner of the intersection of Lizhan, there is a Tianjin Bookstore, which is only a small one. The facade, but the layout of the window is very distinctive. One winter evening, when there were snowflakes floating in the sky, just when the lights were on, I saw the snow covered with cotton and the New Year’s cards tied with red ribbons in the window. , a small paper house, a 'Forbidden City Calendar'...staggered arrangement on the 'snow ground', and a few new books. Pedestrians hurried past behind, no one stopped to appreciate the beautiful snow scene. I think, this probably Just one particular scene that brings back warm memories for me." During the Anti-Japanese War, Huang Shang went to Chongqing to study at university and lived in a small town on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River for a while.He later recalled: "Living in the countryside was very lonely. It was early spring, and I often went to the small bamboo shed at the riverside ferry with friends, drinking orange spirit wine in small glass bottles, eating dried tofu, and drinking bitter Tuocha. Look at the propaganda On the graveyard boat across the river, listening to the boatman's singing full of loneliness and sorrow, at the same time, I always think about some people and things that I can't forget." Wang Wei's poem goes: "The fruit falls in the rain, and the grass and insects sing under the lamp." Qian Mu said: "Reciting the cross in a Chinese poem is like reading a western philosophy book." , Insects chirping under the lamp, the sound in my ears, it makes my heart and the great life of heaven and earth merge into one...and it also involves natural science and biology. I don’t have many words, but I understand the depth of my heart. This is the life of music It is different from the realm of mathematical life and material life, that is, the difference between the two cultures.” He also thought of his own personal experience as an echo: “During the War of Resistance against Japan, Yu once returned to Suzhou to serve his mother. In the couple garden. There is a small building, surrounded by the river on both sides, named Tingchi Tower. One person lies alone in it, sleeps in a dream, and listening to the sound of the tree in the river is no different from listening to the grass and insects under the fruit lamp in the rain. Knowing that there is a sound in life The world of things, beyond the world of things, has its own realm.”