Chapter 256 255. Japan sent troops to Shandong and Jinan massacres

After the Northern Expedition of the National Revolutionary Army, international obstruction was no less influential than that of the Beiyang Army on the battlefield.At that time Wanxian, Hankow, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Nanjing were all in great trouble, and the most serious was the Japanese dispatch of troops to Shandong. Japan sent troops to Shandong was handled by the Tanaka cabinet, which is a cabinet with extremely aggressive characteristics against China. When the Tanaka cabinet was established in Japan, it was the time when Zhang Zuolin was about to ascend to the top position in the north. Since Zhang Zuolin had close ties with Tanaka, Feng Zhang had high hopes for Tanaka to form a cabinet. It shows that it is a cabinet with a strong intention to invade China.

On May 27, 2016, the Tanaka Cabinet of Japan passed a meeting to send troops to Shandong, China to protect Japanese nationals. At 9:30 on the 27th, Tanaka entered the palace to have an audience with the Emperor of Japan and reported: "About 2,000 people from the 10th Infantry Regiment and the 63rd Regiment, and 530 members from the Wireless Telecommunications Team, set off from Dalian by Hongkong Maru. The commander of the 33rd Infantry Brigade is Major General Goda Kanan. Go to Jinan City, Shandong Province, China protects Japanese nationals.” The Japanese army arrived in Qingdao on the 31st, landed on June 1, and then went to Jinan.

On May 28, the Japanese government issued a statement on dispatching troops, the full text of which is as follows: "This is a reference to the recent turmoil in China, especially the actual results of other places in Nanjing and Hankou. During the military turmoil, because the Chinese official constitution was not adequately protected, the life and property of the imperial subjects living abroad were seriously endangered, and even the empire was damaged. The violence of reputation. Therefore, when the turmoil in North China is imminent, it is difficult to guarantee that such incidents will not happen again. Now that the aforementioned turmoil is about to spread to Jinan, the safety of the lives and property of the imperial subjects living in this area is in danger. Measures. There are as many as 2,000 imperial subjects living in this area, and this area is a hinterland far away from the coast. After all, it cannot be protected by the naval power of various places along the Yangtze River. Therefore, in order to prevent bad things in the imperial government From the point of view of this case, the army had to be used to protect the lives and properties of the overseas Chinese. However, it would take a considerable amount of time to send troops for the aforementioned protection, and considering that the situation in the war was changing every moment, the emergency measures were decided to immediately dispatch some troops from Manchuria. 2,000 soldiers are at Tsingtao. The aforementioned protection based on army strength is nothing more than emergency measures for the safety of the overseas Chinese and self-defense. Not only does it have no non-friendly intentions for China and its people, but it also has no intention of non-friendliness for the northern and southern armies. The army of the other side is not interfering with its operations or hindering its military operations. The imperial government sent troops as a last resort for self-defense, but it had no intention of stationing them for a long time from the beginning, so that the people in the place were not worried about the war. All dispatched troops will retreat immediately."

After Japan sent troops to Shandong, the Chinese government and the public were in an uproar.Wu Chaoshu, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Nanjing Nationalist Government, protested seriously to the Japanese Consul General in Shanghai.The Beijing government also objected. The Nanjing Nationalist Government’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs protested against Japan’s dispatch of troops to Shandong as follows: "Your country sent troops to Shandong this time, and the stated reason is to protect the lives and properties of the Japanese expatriates there. Check whether the lives and properties of the Japanese expatriates in Shandong are in danger, what is suspense. Since the national government moved its capital to Nanjing, it has repeatedly declared that the lives and properties of foreigners should be treated in accordance with International public law is trying to protect it. When our government’s Northern Expedition troops are about to arrive in Shandong, your government’s sudden move to send troops to Shandong has no basis in public law and is harmful to our country’s territorial sovereignty. This government has no choice but to lodge a serious protest. And declare: If accidents happen because of this, the government of your country should bear full responsibility. The feelings between the people of China and Japan have become more and more harmonious over the years. It is a pity if all kinds of doubts arise from this action, which is enough to hinder good feelings. Please. It is very hopeful that your government will withdraw the troops it has dispatched immediately."

In Beijing, at 4:00 pm on May 30, Zhang Zuolin personally visited the Japanese envoy Fangze at the Japanese embassy in China to inquire about the dispatch of troops, and Fangze immediately informed him of the reason for the dispatch.Zhang Yun: "This matter is very difficult to handle. The current situation in the north is not dangerous for foreigners, and there are major troubles in Hankou and Nanjing. Japan has not sent troops, but it is very easy to cause misunderstandings by sending troops in the north under its own influence. It is enough to cause The outside world suspects that Japan's sending troops is a movement of Fengfang, so I solemnly ask the Japanese government to consider it."

At 5:00 p.m. that day, Fangze went to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing to formally notify the "troop dispatch incident".Briefly: China's current situation is uncertain, and the north of Xuzhou may change at any time.In the Ninghan Incident, the overseas Chinese suffered a lot.Today's situation is also possible.According to investigations, there are 20,000 Japanese expatriates in Qingdao, approximately 800 along Jiaoji Road, and approximately 2,000 in Jinan. Under the current tense situation, Japanese expatriates have to engage in defense and take effective measures. Therefore, The Japanese government dispatched troops from Manchuria to Shandong, and the purpose of dispatching troops was purely self-defense, and had nothing to do with the military affairs of the North and the South.If the situation is stable in the future, the Japanese soldiers will certainly retreat immediately. I hope China will understand.Gu Weijun immediately said: Japan's troop dispatch this time is against the norm and could easily cause misunderstandings, and the current situation of Japanese overseas Chinese is safe, so there is no need for additional troops.After Fangze left, Gu Ji ordered people to prepare a protest note. On June 1, the Beijing government sent a protest note to the Japanese embassy. The full text reads:

"According to the report of Zhang's Chargé d'affaires in Japan, the Japanese government decided to send troops to northern China, numbering about 2,000, and ordered Commander-in-Chief of Shandong Zhang to call...etc. Cha Shandong is extremely quiet. Regarding the protection of overseas Chinese businessmen from various countries In the past few years, overseas Chinese merchants in Qingji have not had any incidents that have slightly harmed their lives and properties due to the influence of our country's military. In addition, Qingdao in Jinan is completely different from those in Hankou and other places in Shanghai that have concessions. The Japanese government's sudden dispatch of troops to China will not only violate China's sovereignty, but also easily cause misunderstandings among the people. In addition to sending personnel to negotiate on the spot, please lodge a serious protest with the Japanese envoy to make sure that all languages ​​are completely abolished. The minister said that in order to protect the overseas Chinese, the government sent troops to Qingdao, if necessary, and planned to station in Jinan, and then retreated immediately after the incident. There is no reason for such an extraordinary action. The Chinese government cannot remain silent. In other words, tell your minister to record. After checking Qingdao, it has been completely Chinese territory since it was handed over according to the agreement of the Washington Conference. It should be respected. And since your army retreated, the local officials have spared no effort to maintain law and order. The lives and properties of foreigners , are all under protection. Although there are military forces in various provinces in recent years, the foreigners in Shandong have never been affected in the slightest, and there is no need to send troops to protect them. This time, your government did not first seek the consent of the Chinese government, and suddenly sent troops to Qingdao. If you want to go to Jinan, you have to feel that you have violated the treaty and violated the sovereignty, and you are deeply regretful. Now the local people in Shandong are very angry. If this causes misunderstandings among the people of the whole country, the Chinese government cannot take responsibility for this. To lodge a formal protest, Please send a note to your minister to check the note. Please inform your government to suspend sending troops to Qinghai. Those who have already arrived at the port should be ordered not to land in a hurry and return as soon as possible, so as not to cause disputes and affect the existing friendly relations between the two countries. .I look forward to seeing you again as a lotus, and you need to get a note."

This time the Japanese sent troops to Shandong, and they did not stay for a long time. Since mid-August 2016, they have successively concentrated in Qingdao, preparing to retreat. On August 21st, 300 Japanese troops returned to China by taking the Taichung Maru. According to the message from Zhang Zongchang’s Shandong Supervisory Office to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on September 3rd, the Japanese army’s retreat was described as follows: According to Zhao Qi, the General Office of the Jiaoao Commercial Port Bureau, and Wang Qingtang, the Director of the Police Department, said: On September 7 this year, the No. Security Commander-in-Chief Zhang and Acting Provincial Governor Lin Wei sent internal calls. TEPCO learned that the Japanese army was retreating. According to the announcement from Japan, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the State Council immediately forwarded the telegram to record the record.Afterwards, overseas Chinese businessmen from various countries in Qingdao should be protected at any time by their subordinates. All the retreats of the Japanese army should still be reported, inspected and verified, and the special reply and other reasons.Based on this, He urgently ordered Yang to transfer the department to its subordinates, and all overseas Chinese businessmen in Qingdao must be protected at any time.And report the situation of the Japanese army's retreat in detail, so that it can be forwarded by approval, and the order is strictly followed. According to this, the Japanese army stationed along the Jiaoji Road will move steadily in mid-August, and concentrate on Qingdao for retreat. are reported at any time.

On August 21, more than 300 soldiers from the 10th Division and the 33rd Brigade of the 14th Division of the Japanese Army returned home by taking the Taichung Maru. On August 27, another 73 soldiers from the 10th Regiment of the 33rd Brigade returned to China on the Taichung Maru.On September 6, more than 500 soldiers from the 10th Division were fully armed, carrying eight cannons, 2,000 boxes of bullets, 200 bags of rice, more than 140 horses, 140 carriages, and took Longfeng pills. return home. On September 7, Lieutenant General Tanigawa, commander of the 10th Division of the Japanese Army, with 87 entourages, and Major General Nakajima, commander of the 8th Brigade, with 10 entourages, led a total of 1,009 infantrymen. Fifty-one horses boarded Taizhong Maru from Pier No. 2.

There is also the Japanese transportation commander, General Amano, with all the officers and men of the Tenth Regiment, totaling 1,087 members, five machine guns, one anti-aircraft gun, three radio locomotives, and thirty-two horses. Deng Chunhua Wan at the pier.All supplies were shipped from the Shandong Warehouse on Dagang Road by trucks from the Army's Transportation Department on the 6th of this month, and were packed on the second round of Taichung and Chunhua. More than a thousand pieces were first boarded on the 6th. On September 8th, Major General Goda of the 63rd Regiment of the 33rd Brigade of the Japanese Army led a total of 1,510 infantrymen, railway teams, telecommunications teams, and soldiers, and 38 horses. There are more than 1,000 pieces of grass and bullets in total, and they boarded Harada Maru from Pier No. 2 to return home.

On the same day, Imu Shaozuo, commander of the 69th Regiment of the 33rd Brigade, led 875 infantrymen, 31 horses, and more than 1,000 pieces of horse grass, rice, and bullets. Take the Shenrui pill at Pier No. 2 to return home.When the troops boarded the ship, more than 1,500 people from various military and political agencies in the port and Japanese business and academic circles saw them off at the pier.Now that the retreat has been completed, in addition to ordering the various agencies to carefully protect overseas Chinese businessmen from various countries at any time, so as not to expose the facts of the outside world, all the retreat of the Japanese army should be reported in writing.It is really a matter of public convenience and so on, and according to the Hong Kong Political Bureau, it is the same as the previous situation.Accordingly, in addition to instructing and ordering special negotiators to check the photos, I would be grateful to ask your Ministry to check the photos accordingly. Zhang Zongchang supervised the aftermath of Shandong's military affairs Acting Shandong Governor Lin Xianzu The withdrawal statement of the Japanese government is as follows: "In view of the unstable situation in Shandong, the imperial government temporarily dispatched troops to Qingdao in order to protect its nationals. Sure enough, this place will be a war zone between the north and the south. The danger of disturbance along the Jiaoji Railway is becoming more and more urgent, so we have to Order the dispatched troops to move to Jinan. But despite this disturbance, fortunately, the Japanese have been able to protect the Japanese so far without any ominous incidents. If it is the effect of sending troops from our own country, the situation in Shandong is somewhat stable, and it will not be as good for the time being. For this reason, the imperial government should, according to the original statement, immediately withdraw its troops and return to the country. In the future, in various places in China, not only in Shandong, but also in places where there are many Japanese overseas Chinese, if the public order is not stable, the disaster of war will spread to the Japanese overseas Chinese again. In times of crisis, the imperial government has no choice but to take measures for self-defense, and hereby solemnly declares." Chen Jialin, Shandong Special Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Beijing Government submitted the following text to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs: "In order to report the incident, before the theft, due to the unrest in Lu Province, the Japanese government actually dispatched Japanese troops to Qingdao, Jinan and other counties along the road under the pretext of protecting the overseas Chinese. The situation has been prepared and reported on the record. Although there was a war a few days ago, all Japanese overseas Chinese have been safe and have not suffered any losses through our authorities' efforts to protect them. The current situation in Lu Province has gradually eased. There is no need to garrison troops for protection. After repeated protests to the Japanese leader, urging the troops to withdraw. On September 1st, the official letter from the leader was approved, and the withdrawal was allowed on the same day. From the 3rd to the 6th of this month, all All the Japanese troops previously stationed in Jinan have withdrawn one after another. After careful investigation, the Japanese troops stationed in Qingdao and the counties along the road have all been withdrawn. Except for those who have reported separately, it is reasonable to prepare a document and submit it to the Jun seat. Inspection. It is really a public convenience. Because of the separate investigation, it took time to investigate, so the report was slightly retreated and merged with Chen Ming. I would like to submit it to Wang, the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Specially dispatched Shandong negotiator Chen Jialin" When Sun Chuanfang led troops to attack south, Japan thought that the revolutionary army could no longer attack north, so they announced the withdrawal of troops. Unexpectedly, Sun Chuanfang suffered a disastrous defeat, and Chiang Kai-shek resumed his northern expedition. Only a year later, the revolutionary army approached Jinan again.On the pretext of protecting overseas Chinese, Japan first occupied Jiaoji Road with three squadrons stationed in North China, and then the Japanese cabinet meeting decided to send the Sixth Division to enter Shandong.Futian, the head of the Sixth Division, was an arrogant soldier. He led 5,000 soldiers to land from Qingdao by boat and marched into Shandong on May 1. The important cities of Shandong, Qingdao, Jinan, Longkou, and Yantai, were all stationed by Japanese soldiers. The Japanese army marched into Jinan on May 2, but the revolutionary army captured Jinan a day earlier, forcing the Japanese army and the revolutionary army to confront each other head-on, and the ugliest "May 3rd Incident" occurred, revealing the shameless and vicious crimes of the Japanese warlords. Among the May 3rd massacres, the Japanese army massacred Cai Gongshi, the Chinese diplomatic commissioner stationed in Jinan, which was the most hateful. After Cai Gongshi was martyred, his orderly Zhang Hanru escaped from the ranks of victims. The situation described is as follows: "On the morning of May 3, the Japanese soldiers set up a line of defense around the consulate, and the traffic was cut off. At about 9 o'clock, a team of the national army entered the Christian Hospital opposite the Negotiation Office. When the Japanese soldiers saw it, they shot and killed me. One soldier and one cook each. In order to avoid the fierce flames, the team stopped moving and hid in the upstairs of the hospital. At this time, one day the soldiers were shooting at the hospital at the gate of the department, and at the same time gunshots were heard from all sides. The Japanese soldier was suddenly killed by a stray bullet, and then another Japanese soldier came to rescue the dead Japanese soldier, but he was also shot dead, and the sound of gunshots was loud again everywhere, and the bullets rained down, and all the officers and men in the department fell into ambush The upstairs didn't move, and the gunshots stopped after three or four o'clock in the afternoon. On the street, we found cars similar to those of various consulates, with flags erected in front of the cars, driving to and fro, as if to persuade the Japanese army to cease fighting. The gunshots also fell silent, but I saw Japanese soldiers all over the streets, and there were also Japanese soldiers patrolling in front of the Negotiation Office. My diplomatic commissioner Cai Gongshi, due to an accident, ordered people to go out to investigate, but was blocked by the Japanese army. When he sent personnel to negotiate with him, it was ineffective. , but lived in seclusion upstairs, waiting for the opportunity. At night, the Japanese soldiers still prevented the handover of the office as before. It was so fierce that the Japanese soldiers rushed to the door and asked for instructions on how to do it. Director Cai ordered the door to be opened and extended in. The Japanese soldiers broke through the door before opening the door. There were more than 20 people, with a command knife and a box cannon inside. One of the two officers, one in a suit, commanded to cut the lights and telephones after entering the door, and the whole department was suddenly dark, while the other was carrying a flashlight to search for photos. The bullets came, because the two-day soldiers were shot to death during the day, it must be done by your department, so I came to discuss with your supervisor. When Director Cai heard the words, he immediately gave an explanation, to the effect that the Japanese soldiers killed during the day were indeed accidentally injured by stray bullets. We diplomats never carry bullets to conduct diplomacy. It seems that your troops don't need to search, so as not to cause disturbance. He was arrogant and unreasonable, and insisted on an inspection. At this time, Director Cai was at a loss for defense, so he agreed to the request.Naibi was eager to provoke, and made further coercion, saying that all employees of the department must be bound and searched.Director Cai refused to agree because the state system is at stake, but he was so tyrannical that if he refused to agree, he would be bound and searched by force.Seeing that he was unreasonable, Director Cai reluctantly agreed, and immediately solemnly declared that if no evidence was found after the search, he should still ask to be untied and free, and he pretended to give permission.Therefore, except for Director Cai, all the staff members of the department were tied up, turned over and over again, and searched everywhere, but no bullets were found so far.Director Cai asked him to release the bound servants as promised, but he yelled loudly, saying that we came here under orders, and we could not be released unless we were ordered. After saying that, Xiang led out with official documents, but within half an hour, he came back to the office, Still sticking to the previous statement, it is said that the Japanese soldiers were indeed shot and killed by the police, and it cannot be settled unless the bullets are handed over. Director Cai explained it as before, and the cloud office has been searched, and there is no murder weapon to prove it. There is absolutely no suspicion of shooting your soldiers in our country. Your army should investigate the truth.At the end of the speech, please release the servants as previously agreed, in order to maintain friendship.He completely ignored him and ordered Director Cai to be tied up as well. At this point, Director Cai couldn't bear it anymore, and said in Japanese: "You don't understand the diplomatic procedures, and you are blindly arrogant. This time, your country sent troops to Jinan to protect the overseas Chinese. Why use the opportunity to provoke, act arrogantly, and do all kinds of unreasonable actions. It is really uncivilized." This is what the country should do.As for the dead Japanese soldiers, if our agency was responsible for it, the consul of your country should also ask questions, and our country will have a corresponding answer. Why do you wait and complain endlessly?If you are here under the order of the consul of your country, then you can go to the consulate in person to negotiate. At the end of the speech, the Japanese soldiers shouted loudly, and Xuanfu arranged the bound soldiers in a semicircle. The brutal and inhuman Japanese officers, that is, today's soldiers chopped and stripped the heads of the bound people with bayonets. All the people had broken noses and missing ears, their flesh and blood were mutilated, and their appearance was unbearably miserable.When Director Cai witnessed it, he shouted loudly: "The Japanese shot us, when will this kind of national humiliation be avenged?" After saying that, tears flowed down my face, and my colleagues burst into tears when they heard the words, and the crowd scolded each other. The soldiers became more and more angry, and they fought with each other. After insulting as much as possible, they were divided into three or four groups and dragged out. Outside the house, execute the execution. " The above is what Zhang Hanru witnessed. At that time, Cai Gongshi, Zhang Linshu, Zhou and Yao were in the first group, and were martyred first. Zhang Hanru, an orderly bound in the second group, fell from the case in a hurry, picked up the scissors, and rode in the dark. Cut off the shackles, took the opportunity to escape, climbed bravely, climbed over four walls, and landed in an open space. There was an empty bucket in the area. Zhang was terrified, and he fell into the bucket. Soon after dawn, Zhang Zheng had no plan to escape the line of defense. Hearing the sound of a small car approaching from afar, he stretched out his collar to visit, and was a coolie pushing water, waiting for him to approach. Zhang then briefly described what happened last night to him, asking for help, and the coolie also burst into tears as a way of thinking, Zhang In the pocket of the hand, there are still 50 cents, which are used to teach coolies, change a short shirt, change the bloody clothes, and start to go out of the barrel, pretending to be a water pusher and a coolie pulling a cart, detour to mix out the line of defense, and then rush to the various government offices to report When Cai Gong was in trouble.After hearing the news, the headquarters immediately took photos of Zhang's injuries as evidence for future negotiations. After the Japanese army massacred the Chinese diplomatic commissioner and his entourage, they turned to the office of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and ordered the Chinese army to disarm.At that time, Huang Yu, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Nationalist Government, was also in Jinan. Jiang Zhongzheng asked Huang to negotiate with him nearby, but to no avail. The 26 rifles carried by Huang Yu's accompanying guards were also confiscated.Huang Yu sent an urgent message to Japanese Foreign Minister Tanaka, please stop the atrocities of the Japanese army immediately and withdraw the garrison. On the morning of May 4, the British and American consulates in Jinan came forward to mediate, and the situation eased slightly. However, at night, the Japanese army resumed shooting, and the Fukuda Division reinforced Jinan from Qingdao. The Seventh Regiment of the Third Division of the 40th Army of the Revolutionary Army stationed at the Guangdong Guild Hall on Weiyi Road, Wuda Road, and the First Regiment of the Thirty-seventh Army stationed on Xiaowei Road Fourth Road, and the north of Weiyi Road at Wangdian, the first at Jinpu Road The district police were all disarmed by the Japanese army, and more than 1,000 unarmed officers and soldiers were captured. They were detained in Zhengjin Bank, deprived of food and drink, and not allowed to sit or lie down.On May 7, Fukuda proposed the following conditions to the revolutionary army: 1. The National Revolutionary Army must be 20 miles away from Jinan and along the Jiao and Ji Roads. 2. Under the rule of the Chinese army, all anti-Japanese propaganda and other anti-Japanese activities are strictly prohibited. 3. Serious penalties shall be imposed on senior military officers involved in harassment and brutality. 4. Disarm the troops fighting against the Japanese army in front of the Japanese army. 5. In order to monitor and implement the above conditions, the Xinzhuang and Zhangzhuang barracks will be opened. The Japanese side must reply to the above conditions before 12 o'clock that night, otherwise they will immediately attack the city.Jiang Zhongzheng thought the conditions were too harsh, so on the morning of May 8, Jiang Zuobin, the chairman of the field committee, sent representatives to negotiate with him, stating that the proposed departure from the railway line would affect the actions of the Northern Expedition Army.Negotiations were fruitless, and Xiong Shihui and Luo Jialun Trent were sent to the Japanese Army Command to negotiate again in the morning of the same day, but there was no result.Futian immediately began to attack the wounded and sick officers and soldiers recuperating in the Fang Hospital and other places, robbed the company's store, destroyed the Yellow River Iron Bridge and Xincheng Arsenal, and bombed the Tai'an General Headquarters of the Revolutionary Army. On May 9, Jiang sent He Chengjun, a plenipotentiary representative, to Jinan for negotiations. After several twists and turns, he finally arrived in Jinan. Futian still insisted on the five premise, and expanded the massacre and bombardment of Chinese soldiers and civilians.Therefore, the revolutionary army who stayed in Jinan on guard temporarily withdrew from Jinan at 11:30 p.m. on May 10 under forced conditions.In this tragedy, about 110,062 soldiers and civilians were killed or injured in China. The loss of the Xincheng Arsenal was more than 6 million yuan, and other statistics cannot be counted. (The case was extended until January 23, 2018, when the Japanese envoy Fangze came to China. After five rounds of negotiations, an agreement was formally signed to withdraw the Japanese soldiers.)