Chapter 253 252. Yan Xishan joined the National Revolutionary Army

Among the heroes in the north, Yan Xishan was in a relatively free situation. Although he was in a small situation, he was able to keep a closed door and wait for the time to move. In fact, he became the target of all parties to win and win over during this period.Feng Zhang pulled him, and the revolutionary army in the south also secretly contacted him, especially Feng Yuxiang in the northwest also perfunctory with him.Yan Xishan has been sitting in Taiyuan since the Revolution of 1911, and only wanted to keep Shanxi.He is not without ambition, but he is reserved and reserved.When the Feng army entered Henan and expelled Wu, he invited Wu Peifu to lead elite soldiers to take refuge in Shanxi. Wu Peifu was not someone who depended on others. be considered.

There was a bad feeling between Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang, because Feng had attacked Shanxi during his triumphant period, but Feng had already joined the revolution. If Yan wanted to integrate with the revolutionary trend, he had to be perfunctory to Feng. On March 24, 2016, Yan, Feng, and Jin Yun'e set up a joint office in Zhaocun Town, but this was just a means of Yan, because Yan secretly and Feng Zhang still kept in touch. Yan Xishan is a delicate figure. In the revolutionary party, he was one of the figures who participated in the founding of the country. He sat on the throne of Shanxi Governor in the first year of the Republic of China. He and this throne are like glue, and they are inseparable after sitting on it.In the early years of the Republic of China, the north was ruled by the Beiyang warlords. He also echoed the Beiyang warlords and followed suit.Whether he is a revolutionary or a Beiyang warlord, Yan Laoxi sticks to one principle, he is Shanxi, and he and Shanxi are inseparable.In the north, whether it's the Anhui faction, the direct lineage, or the Feng faction, he pretends to be with them on the surface, but he doesn't sell himself to join him. Therefore, the northern factions come and go, and it doesn't affect him at all.

After the Northern Expedition of the National Revolutionary Army, Yan Xishan became the fourth leader after Zhang Zuolin, Wu Peifu, and Sun Chuanfang. However, he did not go with the northern warlords. In early 2016, he secretly communicated with the Southern Revolutionary Army. As early as June 3, 2016, Shanxi changed to hang the red national flag with blue sky, white sun and ground. Yan Xishan also reorganized his 120,000 Jin army into the Northern National Revolutionary Army, which moved from Datong and Niangziguan. Good relationship, he has a representative stationed in Beijing, and Zhang Zuolin also has a representative stationed in Taiyuan. On the 5th, Yan Xishan telegraphed Zhang Zuolin's statement that the Jin army was dispatched because Feng's army was retreating to the north, and they were worried that it would be difficult to deploy temporarily.Only stationed in Dongtianmen, now stopped in Jingxing, no longer advance.On the same day, the National Assembly was held in Taiyuan, and Yan was appointed as the northern commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army.Yan took up the post of commander-in-chief the next day, and obeyed the Three People's Principles through telegrams. On June 28, Zhang Zuolin sent Xing Shilian to Taiyuan to discuss with Yan the solution to the current situation. The Feng army added two brigades on Jingsui Road to prevent the Shang earthquake.Xing Shilian's task of persuading Yan and Feng Zhang to cooperate was not completed, and Li Qingfang, Yan's representative in Beijing, proposed to Zhang the idea of ​​canceling the Grand Marshal's Mansion.

On July 17, the Jin army occupied Shijiazhuang, the Feng army retreated to Zhengding, and the Jin army pushed south to Shunde. On the 19th, the Xu Yongchang Department of the Jin Army entered Shijiazhuang, and the Feng Army deployed three lines of defense in Zhengding, Dingzhou, and Baoding. On the 22nd, Zhang Zuolin made a strong request to the Shanxi representative that the Jin army withdraw from Shijiazhuang, and the Feng army in Baoding and Dezhou was preparing to attack Feng Yuxiang's army in Henan. On the 25th, Zhang Zuolin and Zhang Zongchang respectively sent representatives to Taiyuan to propose to Yan Xishan, please withdraw the Shijiazhuang garrison so that the Fenglu army could go south to attack Feng Yuxiang's army, but Yan ignored them.

Zhang Zuolin was always unwilling to take a tough attitude towards Yan, and he did not intend to force Yan into Liangshan. It was not until early September that he decided to use troops against Jin. The outbreak of the Feng-Jin war was caused by the detention of Yu Zhen, the inspector of the Feng army, by the Shangzhen troops of the Jin army. This happened on September 27, 2016.On this day, the first bus from Zhangjiakou to Baotou passed Yongjiabao Station, and the rails were suddenly demolished by the Jin army. In this bus, there were special cars such as Fengfang officials Yu Zhen and Zhao Ti. They were going to Suiyuan for inspection. Those from the army were intercepted by Jin vehicles at Yanggao Station and sent to Datong.

Zhangjiakou is the Fengjun defense area. After the first bus lost news, Zhangjiakou Station kept asking Datong Station where the first bus arrived and when the fourth bus from Baotou to Zhangjiakou arrived.There was no reply from Datong Station.After hearing the news, the Ninth Army Headquarters of the Feng Army also called Yanggao Station to inquire about everything, but there was no news.Feng Jun felt that something was wrong, and the news that the Jin army launched an attack on Feng spread throughout Zhangjiakou that afternoon. Gao Weiyue, the commander of the Ninth Army of the Feng Army, learned that the Jin army was attacking the Feng army, so he hurriedly dispatched troops to the front to block it, and the Jin army had already occupied Chaigou Fort.

Yan Xishan called the Nanjing Nationalist Government, announcing an oath to ask for honor.At the same time, the Jin army was organized into three legions, with a total of 12 armies, 17 divisions, 12 cavalry divisions, and 7 independent brigades, with a total of more than 200,000 people.It is compiled as follows: Yan Xishan, Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Revolutionary Army Shang Zhen, Commander-in-Chief of the First Legion Xu Yongchang, Commander-in-Chief of the Second Army Yang Aiyuan, Commander-in-Chief of the Third Army Shang Zhen, commander of the First Army (concurrently) Yang Aiyuan, commander of the Second Army (concurrently)

Yang Xiaoou, Commander of the Third Army (on behalf of) Fu Cunhuai, Commander of the Fourth Army (later promoted to Commander-in-Chief of the Fourth Army) Li Shengda, Commander of the Fifth Army (on behalf of) Feng Yuxi, Commander of the Sixth Army Zhang Yinwu, Commander of the Seventh Army Eighth Army Commander Tan Qinglin (i.e. Cavalry Army) The Ninth Army is also being prepared as a cavalry army Li Weixin, Commander of the Tenth Army Eleventh Army Commander Wang Maogong Xu Yongchang, Commander of the Twelfth Army (concurrently) Zhou Dai, head of the Artillery Group directly under the Central Government

The directly-controlled cavalry group is being prepared Fu Zuoyi, the master of the Fourth Division directly under the Central Government Zhao Daiwen, the guard envoy of northern Shanxi Zhang Peimei, the guardian of Jinnan The organization of the Jin army is slightly closer to that of the Feng army, and its army organization and mobilization are very secretive. Yan Xishan has his own set of control techniques, and he has done a good job of keeping secrets and preventing espionage, so he can keep Shanxi province intact. When the Jin army captured Chaigoubao, Zhang Xueliang and Zhang Zuoxiang were inspecting the troops on the Beijing-Hanzhou line, and returned to Beijing on September 29 after receiving the report.Zhang Zuolin also immediately summoned Yang Yuting, Han Linchun, Zhang Zongchang and others to Beijing for a meeting.In mid-September, Fengfang originally planned to send Ge Guangting, who was closer to Yan, to Jin to approach Jin. After the Jin army was launched, Ge failed to go, so he sent a joint telegram to Yan in Beijing with Yin Fuyi and others, urging to avoid war between Feng and Jin. Yan Fuyan sent a telegram, Still vague tone cloud:

"Brother Yin Zhongya (that is, Fuyi): After receiving the telegram from Jian, he immediately sent another telegram: the plan has been achieved, and the Datong garrison has been severely investigated for the mistake of blocking the advance of Fengfang officers and soldiers. According to the reply, this misunderstanding It is not our initiative, unless otherwise ordered to stop, special news. Shan. Yaner." After Yin et al received the call, he immediately planned to reply: "Yan's first telegram has not been received, and Yan's second telegram is respectful. I pay homage to Zhang Yushuai and Qiao Zi, also known as Feng Jin Li, who share adversity. We must not cause flaws due to a momentary misunderstanding. The love of the country and the people is beyond words, and it is very commendable." Feeling. Commander Yu's inspection of the army this time is actually a predetermined plan, and there are records to check. The overall safety of the north depends on Fengjin and Jin. I am sorry for the unprovoked damage. I still hope to transfer the order to the front, and act cautiously. Waiting for mediation, and hoping for a speedy recovery. Yin Fuyi and Ge Guangting were knocked down."

This telegram could not be sent because the communication between Beijing and Shanxi has been interrupted.Nan Guixin, Bo Yongji, Li Qingfang, Pan Lianru, and Zhang Hanzhang, representatives of Jinsui in Beijing, all secretly left Beijing on the 27th and 28th. Since the victory of the National Revolutionary Army's Northern Expedition, whether Fengjin can cooperate with the northern issue is extremely important. Although there are messengers between Fengjin and Changchuan, Yan Xishan still fears Fengzhong, and Fengzhang also has doubts about Jinyan.When the Jin side learned that Zhang Zuoxiang, Zhang Xueliang, Yu Zhen, Zhao Ti, etc. were inspecting the army separately, they believed that there was an intention to advance to Jin. In addition, the military supplies purchased by the Jin side were detained in Tianjin, and the Beijing-Sui Road payment was stopped. Fu, Fengfang and urgently demanded to return Shijiazhuang, these are the proximate reasons for the Jin side to launch military operations.As for the remote cause, in mid-July, the national government had ordered Feng Yuxiang to attack Shandong and Yan Xishan to attack Hebei. Yan and Feng were ordered not to act, because they each had their own reasons for not being able to fight.If Feng Yuxiang can't control Jin Yun'e and hasn't resolved it yet, if Feng makes a move and Jin launches it later, wouldn't Feng be in a position to advance or retreat, and Feng and Tang Shengzhi's relationship is not good. Since Feng's own foothold is not stable, how can he Have spare energy to go outward.However, there was a deep gap between Yan and Feng. Yan had no confidence in Feng at all. He was afraid of him and hated him at the same time. He believed that Feng's refusal to attack Shandong in Henan was an intentional trick.And Feng Yuxiang also believed that Yan Xishan had always taken advantage of the fishermen and had no determination to fight against the Feng army. When the Feng army retreated from Henan to Hebei, it was a good time for the Jin army to intercept the Feng army. At that time, Yan would not do it. , it proves that Yan has no determination to fight against Feng at all.The two sides are suspicious of each other.By the end of July, there were many rumors of a compromise between Feng and Jin. At that time, Feng's representative was also stationed in Taiyuan. One day, Feng's representative arrived at the Shangzhen defense area in Datong. It happened that Shang Zhen was inspecting the army, and Feng's representative was also given the opportunity to participate. When Shang Zhen reviewed the army, he asked the soldiers: "Who do you obey?" The answer: "Commander Shang." Shang then asked: "Who else do you obey besides me?" Answer: "Commander Yan." Shang then asked: "Who are you? What army?" Answer: "The army of the national government." Shang asked again: "Who is your enemy?" Answer: "Zhang Zuolin." Feng's representative saw it with his own eyes, heard it with his own ears, and was very satisfied, so he reported Feng. As a result, Feng's doubts about Yan were greatly reduced, and the gap between Yan and Feng was greatly eliminated.The two sides successively sent important officials to each other to explain their respective difficulties, so a lot of understanding was increased. Feng supported Yan in attacking Feng, and Yan also dared to attack Feng because of Feng's assistance. Yan Xishan participated in the national revolution, and the telegram of his oath to ask for his honor was announced by Liu Pucheng, the representative of Shanxi in Nanjing, when he attended the Nanjing Special Committee to report on the situation in Shanxi on September 30, 2016. Therefore, newspapers in Nanjing and Shanghai disclosed it on October 1. , the electric cloud: "The revolution was a last resort, so the commander-in-chief, even though the teacher was on the way, still did not hesitate to twist and turn, and deal with Zhang Zuolin. It was originally hoped that he would realize his regrets and hope for a peaceful resolution. Since half a year, he has repeatedly discussed with Zhang Zuolin , and finally see a firm rejection. Recently, he has become more arrogant and entrenched in Beijing. He does not seek cooperation with the people, but only seeks his own honor. He is oppressing the people of the country with force every day. There is no regret for the misfortune, and there is no hope of improvement. I The divisions and brigades have been stuck on the way for a long time and the soldiers are complaining, and the vehicles are often left in the army and the fields are barren. It is unbearable and hopeless. I have no choice but to follow the comrades and swear to the Northern Expedition to remove the obstacles of the Three People's Principles and save the country and the people. The purpose. Today I made an agreement with the generals: wherever the army goes, it must not disturb the people. When encountering the enemy, it must not be afraid of death. Those who are afraid of the dead will not be killed, and those who disturb the people will not be killed. I also made an agreement with the generals: to eliminate territorial thinking and provincial government Let the people of the province solve the affairs of the country and the people of the country to lay the foundation of the country. I especially hope that the people of the country will use fairness in internal affairs and strive for the progress of the whole people. To improve diplomacy and seek international equality. The state affairs are very big, and governance is very difficult. When you worry deeply, think about the future, and proceed with caution. I respect this oath! Yan Xishan, Yan." Yan Xishan is not a person who acts rashly, if he doesn't have a comprehensive plan, he will not be willing to put all his eggs in one basket.He secretly planned in July, and made a promise with Feng Fangxu.His focus is to start with the rectification of the army, and the most important thing in the work of reorganization is to improve the junior officers.Therefore, students from the Whampoa Military Academy were secretly recruited in the south to serve in Shanxi. From July to September, students from Whampoa went to Shanxi one after another. It is rumored that the number has reached two to three thousand. Most of the platoon, company, and battalion commanders in the Jin Army are from Whampoa. student. Feng Fang was most distressed when he knew that Jin and Yan had formally joined the revolutionary army’s campaign against Feng. According to Wu Junsheng’s complaints to others, “Feng Fang tolerated others’ wrongdoings, but he did his best to Yan Xishan. Last year, Feng Yuxiang attacked Shanxi. , Fengfang went to help day and night. After the matter was decided, Suiyuan land was given to Shanxi, and the railway revenue was shared by both parties. When chasing Feng Yuxiang's defeated army, Jin asked Fengfang not to pass Suiyuan, and Fengjun complied. The army should not deploy heavy troops. So far, there are only two Fengjun battalions in Pingdiquan. Yu Zhen went to Pingdiquan to inspect the troops via the Jin army's defense line, but he brought only a staff adjutant with him, which is enough to prove that Fengfang has no combat deployment and preparations for Jin. Important personnel from both sides of Shanxi will meet at any time. Fengfang organizes the internal affairs and checks the army. He has absolutely no intention of fighting against Jin. Does the representative of the Jin side know that in Beijing? Detaining Yu Zhen and others is really not enough friends." Wu Junsheng's thinking can also be said to be the thinking of most people in Fengfang. At the same time, they think that Yan Xishan thought he had abandoned the dark and turned to the bright, but his choice of time was very wrong. He couldn't give Yan strong support. As for Feng Yuxiang, although Jin Yun'e had been eliminated, Yan and Feng couldn't get along with each other.Therefore, at this time, Fengfang can deal with Shanxi with all its strength. If Yan Xishan is solved, the troubles in the north will be eliminated, the problems of Henan and Shaanxi can be solved, and the reunification of the north can be accomplished. This is Fengfang's wishful thinking. On October 2, 2016, Zhang Zuolin published a discussion on Yan Tongdian, Dianyun: "(Previously) Yan Xishan was in the Jin Dynasty for a long time. In the past, he never participated in any coup d'etat. Last year, Feng Ni forced him to besiege Datong, ravaged Yan and Dai, and the north of Jin was lost. Taiyuan was on the verge of death. Yan Xishan's messenger returned, Calling for emergency, begging for mercy, as it is now. The Generalissimo said that the Jin Province is a perfect area, and the people of Jin are mostly simple. If it is deteriorated by the Chitu, the place will be unimaginable. It is used to motivate the army to attack Nankou and help. Weapons and bombs saved them from perishing. Now that the south entrance was down, Datong was rescued. Our army went straight to the north of Sui, and moved thousands of miles. The soldiers had no food and no food, and the horses had no fodder. Fu Ke wiped out the Sui territory. He handed over his hands to Jin without saying anything. The facts of the past year, to the people of Jin Province, and to Yan Xishan himself, can be said to be benevolent and righteous, enough to be known to the world. I don’t care about Yan Xishan’s wolfish ambitions. , recognize the thief as father. For more than a year, he has acted against the law, turned against his face, and colluded with Feng Ni. In the spring of this year, when our army attacked Henan, we sent troops to Shijiazhuang, intending to cut off my way back and cut off my luggage. Fortunately, our army It is still too early to see the opportunity, and the whole army will return. At this time, if our army asks for sins and revives the army, it is reasonable. The Generalissimo intends to be magnanimous, and I have given you Rong, but I still can't bear to use the rescuers of Jin to harm Jin. It is not as true as Yan Xishan I don't know about the injustice. Since I took Shijiazhuang, I have searched and harassed the counties near Zhijing. I have done all kinds of evil. I have sent people to clear up and advise, but I haven't changed it. The intention of harming Jin and the country can be seen by passers-by. On the second day of last month On the 19th, they suddenly robbed the train near Datong, detained our officers and assistants, and dared to enter the territory to inspect the territory, openly hostile. The Generalissimo maintained the overall situation and maintained the painstaking efforts of the Jin Province. So far, it is unbearable. The troops have been divided, Carry out a crusade. However, after the expulsion of Feng Ni last year, the overall situation in the north is far from safe. Today, Yan Xishan was lured by others and willing to be the leader of the army. He is the one who undermines the overall situation in the north. Yan Xishan should be responsible for it alone. This Generalissimo protects the country and saves the people The soldiers and civilians of Jin Province are all one. But Qiqian is the leader of the canal, and he will never be militaristic. If Yan Xishan can repent and stop his troops, or his subordinates can get out of their own way, they should still be one body and do not follow the past. Most of the sacrifices in the past However, it is still possible to return the Sui and Jin lands to the Jin army. Although it is a last resort to use troops against Jin, it must still take into account the real public opinion of the entire Jin province. Tebu, please tell everyone. Generalissimo. Dong. India." After Zhang Dian issued it, he issued another decree on the 4th, which reads in the original text: "According to Chu Yupu, the governor of Zhili, and Gao Weiyue, the governor of Chahar, he telegraphed Chen successively. Yan Xishan, the governor of Shanxi and the governor of Shanxi, was good at mobilizing troops and occupied more than ten counties including Jingxing, Huolu, Lingshou, and Shunde in Zhili. Shijiazhuang blocked the traffic on Jinghan Road.... The Generalissimo of the Superintendent has always taken the policy of protecting the environment and the people as self-sufficiency. The various reckless actions this time may have been instigated by others and were not out of intention. Concession. Therefore, Qu Yurong, on the one hand, preserve the place, and cannot bear to let the people of the three Jin Dynasties suffer miserably. On the other hand, Yan Xishan, if he has the slightest patriotism, hopes that he will finally realize his enlightenment and still follow the right track. Indulging in nuisance in Shenze, Gaocheng, Jinxian, Wuji and other four counties, torturing living beings. Suddenly on September 29, at Yongjiabao and Xiwanbao on the Beijing-Suizhou line of the inspection border, destroying railways, detaining passenger cars, and inspecting by the central government Army personnel. At the same time, in the Shijiazhuang area, troops invaded and attacked the garrisons in various places. It seems that they are planning to use their troops to ravage the place and destroy peace. Strictly investigate and deal with it. If you are lured by others and repent and stop your troops, you should still be lenient in the past and try to cover it up late. If there is resistance, the garrisons from all walks of life will be suppressed together to maintain the overall situation and calm the place. Forced officers are allowed to surrender themselves. Once they are found out, they will be exempted from prosecution and will still be appointed according to their capacity. If they are still unaware and willing to rebel, they will be severely punished and will never be lenient. This order." On October 5, Zhang Xueliang and Han Linchun also sent microelectronics to Yan, and the electricity said: "Hundred Marshal Honors, I got Nanjing's confirmed report, Zhigong and Huanzhang made a pact to conspire with me, I was half-doubtful, and the cost of your army's seizure of cars and demolition of roads came again. Once the opportunity is lost, what can I say. So. What can't be done, the spirit of cooperation between our two parties for several years, and the achievements of driving Feng for thousands of miles, once destroyed and abandoned, it will be embarrassing! Since the Republic of China, the public has been prospering to protect the environment, and our side is also aiming at the peace of the people. Previously, Huanzhang was willing to be unfaithful, practiced cunning tricks, and incited his allies. The public and the family lords shared the righteousness of the world. Therefore, there was a battle of Zhang Sui. The way is the same, and the merits are shared. It’s an exaggeration. Once upon a time, when I changed to this point, my conscience forced me like a gnat in my throat, so I’ll put it in a nutshell. I’ve heard that adults don’t care about small faith, and tyrants don’t care about words. I don’t want to inherit high righteousness personally today. My father holds a long distance However, regardless of feelings, we should consider the interests and interests, and do not care about small details, it must be a long-term plan. Today, the situation in the north is not broken, and the public brazenly pretends to be the leader of the army to destroy it. Li Yuan is hard to bully, and the history is still alive Why do later generations of the world regard the public as a human being? This is something that Xueliang and Linchun have yet to understand. The rivers and mountains of the Three Jin Dynasties were created with great difficulty, and it took ten or six years. Xing Wuming's teacher, who is very successful, will not corrupt his people endlessly, and the mountains and rivers outside and inside will be safe? This is also something that Xueliang and Linchun have not understood. Husband's honor and disgrace depend on what he takes, success or failure depends on what he gives The commentator said that the way of public relations and neighbors is good, but now they are doing everything they can to ask the chaos in the northern land, where is the chaos? Who ordered the chaos? Is it publicly known? , Exterminate morality and morality, scholars and people are still gnashing their teeth, whether the public knows it? The public is as conservative as the cloud, and there is no need to regard friends as enemies. The public has plans, so why admit a thief as a father. People's hearts are unpredictable, and nature will never change. The past proves that, It is clear to be a friend or an enemy. Where do we go? No one can be mistaken! What is the fight today? Who is the fight? Let all our troops go out, and the overall situation in the north can be unified? Huanzhang friendship Can it last forever? When I think about it, I shudder. Xueliang and Linchun have followed the soldiers and horses for a long time, and they are worthy of the sun. Why are they afraid of the public? But I am afraid of the public alone. I asked Zhongya yesterday, but there was no answer. Gu Te Biaogong is sincere, but words and deeds go against each other, and things don’t go against their hearts. They go back and forth and think about it, but they can’t understand it. On the other side, Li Ergong, he created opportunities for his friends... The present and the past are balanced, my friend is safe? The past is over. , since the public has the heart to fight, Xueliang and Linchun have no reason to back down. They whip around, and the matter is not their own. They are waiting for orders, and they dare not ask for labor. (five days)." Ever since Feng and Zhang learned that Jin and Yan had joined the Revolutionary Army to seek envoys, they actively arranged everything and summoned generals from outside Beijing to Beijing. During the two overnight meetings, the general decision on the military policy was made: (1) The Jinpu line was briefly defended by the first front army, and the temporary holders will not violate the principle of "I will not invade". (2) Yan Xishan's rebellion this time was supported by Feng Yuxiang. This route is the most important. The 27th Front Army should follow the original steps and strive to develop towards Bianzheng in order to break the connection between Feng and Yan.The deputy commander-in-chief of this road is still held by Zhang Zongchang and Chu Yupu respectively. (3) Because Yan Xishan believed that the main force was on the Beijing-Han line, he stormed the Jingsui Road in order to disperse his forces.In fact, Yan Zhi's goal is still to focus on the Beijing-Han line. This line is commanded by Zhang Xueliang and Han Linchun, and he will take the defensive first. (4) The Jingsui Road side decided that Zhang Zuoxiang and Tang Yulin would share the positions of the principal and deputy commanders. Everything will be carried out according to the original plan, and they should be on the defensive first. On the morning of October 4th, Zhang Zuoxiang went to Beijing and Sui, Zhang Zongchang returned to Jinan, Zhang Xueliang and Han Linchun led the staff of the Eight Divisions to Baoding, and Wu Jun was promoted to the commander-in-chief of the frontier defense of the three eastern provinces and temporarily stationed in Fengtian. The power of the commander-in-chief of security, all Fengjun entered the customs, and the troops directly under the Wu government served as Fengtian's garrison to consolidate the province's defense.Feng Fang believed that the strength of the Jin Province was not large, and it was difficult to provide aid, so it was beneficial to fight quickly, so he advocated retreating to dangerous locations and holding tight to wait for the Jin army to be exhausted.At the same time, Zhangjiakou is not a place to defend, so it is determined to give up and concentrate its strength in Kangzhuang, Huailai, Juyong, and Nankou.Jinghan is divided into Dingzhou and Gaobeidian to stick to it and attack when the time comes. The strategy of the Jin army's conquest of Feng has changed from the old method of fighting head-on from the north, and has adopted more flanking and intercepting methods. Its most proud plainclothes team frequently appeared along the Beijing-Sui and Beijing-Han lines.The Jin army marched in five routes. The first route was to Zhangjiakou, where they fought fiercely at Chaigoubao.The second route is from Tianzhen to Xuanhua in the southeast.After the third route, Yuxian County attacked Nankou, the intention was to attach the back of Nankou, so that the Jin army in the front of Beijing and Sui could save fewer sacrifices.However, the Fengjun authorities have also detected it, and they are very careful about this road.The fourth road is Shijiazhuang, where there is a fierce battle with the 15th Army of Fengjun in Zhengding.The fifth road is south of Shijiazhuang, along the Beijing-Hanzhou line, and is prepared to contain the famous Zhilu army. The strength of the Jin and Feng armies in Beijing, Sui, and Beijing and Han is at least 100,000. Before the start of the war, the distribution of the Feng and Jin defense forces was roughly as follows: (1) The Fengjun on the Beijing-Suizhou Line, with Gao Weiyue's Ninth Army as the main force, governed three divisions and one cavalry brigade.Guo Xipeng of the 16th Division was stationed in Fengzhen, Sun Dequan of the 19th Division was stationed in Zhangjiakou, Dou Lianfang of the 22nd Division was stationed in Zhangjiakou, and Dong Huaiqing of the Chase Cavalry Brigade was stationed in Jining County.In addition, Tang Yulin's Twelfth Army stationed in the Huailai area of ​​Xuanhua, and Rehe's rear defense consisted of the 1st Division of the Rejun Army and the 8th Division of Yuhuashan.The Jin army took Shang Zhen as the commander-in-chief of the left side of the Jinsui Army. Li Fuying of the 14th Division stationed in Datong, Li Shengda of the Tenth Division, Wu Hanhua of the Ninth Division stationed in Baotou, Wang Jingguo of the Fifth Division, and the First Division stationed in Suiyuan Li Peiji, Yang Shiyuan of the third division stationed in Guihua, and Tan Qinglin's cavalry all belonged to the command.The Feng army had a relatively small number of original defense troops, so about 20,000 Kyrgyz troops from Laishuichang County, Zhuozhou and other places were transferred to Huailai, Xuanhua to strengthen their defense.Sun Xuchang's division in Beijing and Zou Zuohua's artillery unit were also ordered to go to the northwest for reinforcements. (2) Most of the Fengjun Army on the Beijing-Han Line belonged to the Third and Fourth Army Corps, with six armies under its jurisdiction, and the number of each army ranged from three brigades or three divisions.The Fifteenth Army Jijinchun was stationed at the front line in Zhengding. There were three brigades of Yang Desheng, Bai Wenlin, and Bao Yulin.Hu Yukun and Rong Zhen, commanders of the 167th United Army, were stationed in Dingzhou. Xinle area.Wan Fulin of the Eighth Division, under the jurisdiction of Li Zhentang and Zhao You's two divisions, and Ma Zhanshan's cavalry division stationed in Baoding.Wang Shuchang of the Tenth Army, Liu Futing of the Tenth Division, Han Guangdi of the Twenty-fourth Division, and Yang Zhengzhi of the Twenty-sixth Division were all stationed in Baoding.The 29th Army, Ji Yiqiao, with division commanders Fu Zhankui, Huang Shiyue, and He Guiguo, stationed in Gaochen, Hejian, and Renqiu.In addition, the Liu Wei Department of the Eleventh Army, which governs the three divisions of Su Bingwen, Li Wanhu, and Anxigu, was originally stationed in the northern section of Jinpu, and has recently been assigned to open Beijing and Han to help defend.The Jihei Army north of Baoding, with a total of more than 20,000 people, stationed in Gaobeidian.Except one went to Beijing and Sui, the rest stayed in the original defense.When the Jin army was in Shijiazhuang, Xu Yongchang's department was the main force, and Sun Chu's department was the forward. After the Feng and Jin armies opened fire, Zhang Zuolin and Yan Xishan had a final call. Yan Dianyun said: "A lesson from Zhang Yushuai in Beijing: Feng Jin and Su Dun were reconciled, but unfortunately they met each other in arms, which is really contrary to the original intention. In my father's mind, there was a misunderstanding. In Xishan, it was out of necessity. There is nothing to avoid. , I feel guilty. Now we are reforming the past, reforming the old, the whole country is unanimous, the public opinion is trending, and it is appropriate to conform. If there is a solution, we should still be open and honest with each other. Xishan has the heart of endless soldiers, and my father has always had the intention of choosing the good. Tebu Xun Chen, waiting for Mingjiao. Yan Xishan kowtows. Geshen. Seals." Zhang Zuolin also sent a telegram to Yan Xishan: "Yan Baishuai learned from Taiyuan, Geshen Dianxi, Wuyuan defeated the enemy, I let Sui District. Shizhuang blocked the army, I retreated to Zhengding. For the sake of peace and harmony, for the overall situation of the north, retreating from Weiling, more than three homes. Chaigou In the battle, who started the provocation? Our army resisted for a while, and then retreated Zhangyuan. It was not fortified against the Jin Dynasty, and it can be seen in general. This fact of the past can hardly be concealed from the eyes and ears of Chinese and foreign people. Ask yourself if you are frank and honest. What is not to be told is right and wrong. Where does the misunderstanding come from? Now that we meet each other as soldiers, success or failure is blunt, and we can only rely on strength. But the last word must be for the public to give advice. Recognize the enemy as a friend, seek skin from a tiger, and defeat is inevitable. Fortunately, is victory compatible? The chief culprit has its own conclusions. Our generation should be open and aboveboard, fighting for the ages and not for the moment, and fighting for the straight. Yan. Tebu district. Immediately waiting for Mingjiao. Zhang Zuolin. Yang." Since the conflict between the Fengjin and Jin armies at Chaigoubao on September 28, the Fengjun Gao Weiyue army was unprepared and rushed to the battle, which seemed to be quite unfavorable.Fengjun abandoned Zhangjiakou for strategic reasons. Gao Weiyue led his troops back to Xuanhua and Huailai to join Tang Yulin. Zhang Zuoxiang also led reinforcements to guard the fortress below Xuanhua. The second line of defense, Juyong and Nankou are the third line of defense. On October 3, the Ninth and Fifteenth Armies of the Jin Army had pushed to the vicinity of Zhangjiakou, but the Feng army had all retreated on the morning of the 3rd. Therefore, after the Jin Army entered Zhangjiakou, they immediately showed Anmin. From September 27th to October 8th, these ten days were the deployment period of the Fengjun. On October 8th, the Fengjun had fully deployed on the Beijing-Suizhou and Beijing-Han lines, and then ordered a general attack. The original order stated slightly: "This is to check the situation of the enemy army. It is purely an advancing lineup. Our army should attack by itself in order to consolidate the republic. (1) When this order arrives, Zhang Xueliang and Han Linchun should lead the troops under the jurisdiction of the three or four sides, and set up by Baoding Pass. (2) When this order arrives, Zhang Zuoxiang and Tang Yulin should lead all the armies under the jurisdiction of the Fifth Front from Xiahuayuan, pass Xuanhua Zhangjiakou, and march towards Datong. The Wan Fulin troops will still follow the original battle line (3) When this decree arrives, Zhang Zongchang and Chu Yupu should lead the troops from the second and seventh fronts, from Jinan and Xuzhou, pass through Dongming, Caozhou, and Xiayi, and march towards Kaifeng, Zhengzhou, and Yuncheng. The land should be dominated by An Ji Li Shu." After Feng Zhang issued a general attack order against Jin and Yan, Feng's army immediately launched an offensive on the Beijing-Han line. Before October 8, the Jin army's offensive was fierce, and there were wars near Baoding. On the left and right wings, the middle road deliberately led the Jin army deep in order to form an outflanking trend. On the 10th, Ji Yiqiao led the left-wing army to Dingzhou. The return route of the Jin army was cut off, and the overall situation was shaken. Shijiazhuang was also occupied by Sun Dianying of the Zhilu Army and Zhang Shusen of the Fengjun Cavalry Group. The general trend then went. Although Zhuozhou was once occupied by the Jin army on the 11th, it was repelled that night. Zhang Xueliang and Han Linchun sent a victory telegram from Baoding on October 11: "This time Yan Xishan broke his faith and destroyed his righteousness. He was good at launching troops. He took advantage of my unpreparedness and sneaked into the attack. I had no intention of fighting, so I would rather give up and avoid it. It was Yan who repeatedly marched into the army and couldn't bear it. As a defensive strategy, we had to fight around. The army is scattered in various places, and it takes time to concentrate. Day and night, the division traveled more than 200 miles. Because of his attack, he was lured to go deep, and our army's morale was high. We need to know who is fighting against us. Yang Aiyuan of the Second Army of the Jin Army, Xu Yongchang of the Third Army, Fu Cunhuai of the Fourth Army, Feng Yuxi of the Sixth Army, Li Weixin of the Tenth Army, and all of them should be attacked head-on by our army. The Zhang Shusen Department of the group, advancing rapidly, successively occupied Dingxian County, Shijiazhuang, surrounded the flanks, and cut off their return. The enemy's front line retreated and no longer formed an army. The number of the enemy killed was two brigade commanders and six regiment commanders. There are more than 70 members under the battalion commander, nearly 10,000 soldiers, thousands of captured officers and soldiers, thousands of rifles, dozens of cannons, dozens of machine guns, and countless other luggage. Military resources are everywhere, and bones are piled up on mountains. The people of Jin He Gu, you are so heartbroken. It was Yan's single-handed mistake. He speculated on profit and acted in deceitful ways. The sky seized his soul and brought his own defeat. It is enough to make those who betray their faith and repeat themselves a warning. My marshal is sincere and fair, God The sun is shining. Wealth and virtue are widely spread, so the soldiers can use their lives and perform skin skills quickly. Xueliang, Linchun, He De, He Neng, coincides with the National Games, seeks the source, and the morale is high. Those who wiped out the enemy with one drum made great achievements One, the heart of heaven is blessed, and those who are unhappy in a hundred tests will make nine of them. Now divide up the armies, take advantage of the victory to attack, and disarm each other. The details will be continued, and we will publish them first. Zhang Xueliang, Han Linchun. Really not." At that time, military observers in the north believed that the Jin army's strategy was not well thought out, and the analysis of the situation at that time was very insightful, and the copy is as follows: "Ordinary people observe that Jin is the main defense of Beijing and Han, while Beijing and Sui are the main offensive. It is like occupying Nankou. In training, defense is more important than offense. Now that we are taking the offensive, we think that the education is not enough, and the deployment is not suitable. It is also a mistake. There are 60,000 Jin troops on the Jinghan Road, and only three detachments on the Jingsui Road. The Feng army retreated from Zhangjiakou In the next two days, the Jin army advanced, and it seemed that there was no rush to advance. This road was originally the least Fengjun, and Jin did not use the main force to advance. It is a blessing for Fengfang. The Jin army had a serious problem, that is, its strength was too large. Defend, force is easy to unite, the Jin side will attack together, one brigade will be disposed of here, and the regiment will be advanced at the other. Jin even made a miscalculation, that is, it believed that the three or four forces of the Feng army were no longer capable of fighting, so they oppressed the Jinghan Road with heavy troops, and hoped that Feng's army could join. I don't know that the success of the detour plan is still due to the three or four forces. The troops, and those who came to the aid of Feng's army, could no longer be enthusiastic, and eventually failed. It can be seen that it is not easy to use troops to predict the enemy. However, although the Feng army won, according to the cadres, the Feng army was passive in this war, and the main force of Jin has lost a lot Small, since it is difficult to fight again, Feng Fang always regards Feng as an enemy and is willing to be friends with Yan. Yan will stop the war at this moment and make peace. The meaning of benefiting the land. And if it is easy to go alone, it may not be better than Yan. However, Yan is surrounded, and I am afraid that he will not be able to stop, and Feng also only has a friend and a friend." Since Fengjun won the frontal victory on Jinghan Road, Fengjun has controlled the south of Baoding. However, when Zhang Xueliang sent out the victory telegram, the road behind Jinghan suddenly changed. The third regiment of the army occupied the city, and the transportation to Beijing and Bao was interrupted. Yu Zhishan, the commander of Fengjun's 30th army, rushed to command and repelled the Jin army on the 12th. On the 15th, Zhang Xueliang personally led a strong force to surround Zhuocheng with Yu Zhishan and others. Zou Zuohua also sent artillery to bombard Zhuozhou. As a result, he recaptured Zhuozhou Station, and the Jin army still held on to the city. On the 26th, Zhang Xueliang went to Songlindian to inspect the defense, and immediately ordered the third attack on the morning of the 27th. Although the battle was fierce, the Fengjun had nothing to gain. Wan Fulin personally went to the front to supervise the battle. The two sides fought fiercely all day and night. Although Zhuozhou City was blasted twice, it was not conquered. It was Fu Zuoyi who was guarding Zhuozhou by the Jin army, and this battle made Fu Zuoyi stand out.The offensive and defensive battle in Zhuozhou also replaced the importance of the Jing-Han and Jing-Sui lines and became the main battlefield of the Feng and Jin armies.Observers believe that if Zhuozhou is an isolated city, the defenders will be useless, and the attackers will not need to rush, and it will have no military significance.In addition to using heavy artillery as cover, the Feng army also prepared 50,000 bags of sand and thousands of wooden poles for infantry to climb the city.However, the defenders of Zhuocheng dug deep holes at the foot of the city and prepared a large number of sacks filled with sand. When the city wall was bombarded and a gap was opened, the sandbags were immediately blocked. The Feng army suffered more losses than the Jin army defending the city. On November 17, the Feng army stormed Zhuozhou for the fifth time, but it still failed. It is said that the Feng army used poison gas in this attack. Yan Xishan called Zhang Zuolin to question this, and the telegram said: "Xunjian Zhang Yushuai received a telegram from the commander of our army in Zhuo County saying that from the next day to the end of the day, your army used poisonous gas bombs to attack Zhuocheng, and many people died of the poison gas because they didn't know how to protect themselves. Poison gas is banned internationally, how about it to the people of the country? I also know very well that poison gas can kill people, so those who dare not use it also think that their children and grandchildren must be Chinese people for a long time. If you think about it, I will not allow it. Yan Xishan. Seal." Zhang Fu Dian said: "Yan Baishuai learned from the telegram that in the battle of Zhuozhou, Fu Zuoyi was ordered by the deacon to go deep into the army alone, so that the food and aid were exhausted, and he sat there to perish. Crossing the border and invading, if he can't help the city, he will also perish. It is even more difficult to imitate the dead. What is wrong with the Jin army? And make them fight like trapped beasts. What is wrong with the Zhuo people? And make them suffer from the fish pond. All these crimes are caused by the deacon who recognizes the thief as his father. As a result. The use of poisonous gas is used by foreigners to control animals and attack wild animals. The bandits in Zhuozhou are also poor bandits. They cage birds and fish in pots. There is no need for poisonous gas. The people of Zhuozhou are good people, and tigers and wolves enter the house.救之不暇，何忍出毒瓦斯。爱我涿州之民，欲除涿州之寇，一切精兵利器，屏置不用，仅用燃烧弹烟幕弹，以待逆敌之自决而已。若不顾人道，不爱吾民，则以我军数百万健儿，取此弹丸之地，不犹易如反掌，何致经旬不下耶？南北两路，逐数十万晋军如摧枯拉朽此执事所亲历者，何待于涿州之敌，而用此毒瓦斯也。今晋北绥远，已全归中央，平型、龙泉各关，已均收复，执事祸晋祸国，……已将终了，如能翻然悔悟，本大元帅不为已甚，何所不容，尚当量予保全。倘怙恶不悛，则将来攻取太原时，我之坚甲利兵，或当一试，以为背信灭义祸国殃民者戒。祸福之几，惟希自择。大元帅。 漾。 " 奉军久攻涿州不下，使得在京绥、京汉两线的频传捷报为之黯然无光，尽管奉军以绝对的优势向晋军攻击，可是区区一个涿州城在傅作义坚守下，屹立无恙，奉军纵使作任何解释也无法令人满意。 自奉军开始总攻击后，10月14日在京绥路克宣化，15日入张家口，17日占领石家庄。10月18日张作霖下令颇有对阎适可而止，不愿过事逼迫，以拆散阎、冯之合作，令云： “迭据张学良、韩麟春电呈，收复定县，正定、石家庄等处。张作相、汤玉麟、高维岳电呈，收复宣化、张家口等处。其涿州、门头沟一带之逆军，亦据报分别击散情形。查阎锡山附乱称兵，甘为戎首，本大元帅迫不得已，令饬各路将领，分途进讨。所幸旬日间，均告克捷，固由各将领督率有方，各军士夺勇用命，实乃天心仁爱，眷佑国家。……故在我虽仓卒应战，得以迅速奏功，在彼则师出无名，不得逞其凶志。惟此次战事，甚为剧烈，伤亡众多，作战区域，摧毁残破，同是国家土地，同属国家人民，何罪何辜，罹兹惨劫。言念及此，良用痛心。阎锡山首难殃民，罪有攸关，倘有悔祸之诚，本大元帅亦不愿过为已甚。若仍恃其顽强，罔知悛改，为国家大局计，惟有遣军进剿，以救晋民于水火涂炭之中。各该将领务当整厉精神，力加戒惕，毋得乘胜而骄，毋以多杀为贵。军入晋境，尤当严饬所部，毋得扰及闾阎。即逆军之将校军士，但非顽强抗拒，亦不得肆行诛戮。其有输诚来归，均准一体容纳。所有经过战事地方，被灾人民，着饬知各该地方官妥为抚辑，毋任失所。此次出力将领，业已明令分别奖励，其余出力官佐及阵亡将士，一并查明呈候从优奖恤，此令！” 此后京绥路一线进展极为神速，10月30日起迭克柴沟堡、怀安、天镇、阳沟等地。11月3日奉军占领大同，并由大同南攻，续进至山阴县。右翼抵朔州，正面迫攻广武、雁门。张作相率主力移驻浑源，在平型关之奉军于芷山军及龙泉关之王树常军则越过沙河镇及天营镇，攻繁峙县及五台。晋军商震驻代州指挥雁门及繁峙两路。阎锡山坐镇太原调度五台及娘子关军事。 11月9日汤玉麟报告郭希鹏师占领绥远省城，奉军进至包头。14日奉军占领平型关，山西险要渐失。但阎锡山缩短战线后，兵力已可集中使用，奉军进入山西，山西交通不便，运输困难，易守难攻。12月2日奉军于芷山曾有报告军一电云： “第五方面军团司令部，因沙河镇、大营镇先后攻下，特令本军担任进攻繁峙之线，其北部之战线，系命高都统率师由茹越口下广武会合，决对雁门三路并攻，以便早日克复。惟敌军对繁峙、五台两线，联络最紧，攻繁而不防五，敌方必能自为策应，恐有牵掣之虞。现军长已命第二十九师孙师长（旭昌）率领各团，星夜南进，现得报告，距五台仅三十五里，沿途虽有冲突，多系谭庆林溃军，不堪一战，因敌之主力，确在五台也。至于繁峙正面，由军长亲率第八师分途进攻，敌方士兵因天气奇寒，皮衣缺乏，多无斗志，故势如破竹。惟闻敌在繁峙防御之工程，极为坚固，现我军前线距繁甚近，日内定有剧烈战事发生，又军部已于东（一日）日进驻蔡家峪。 附闻。 " 12月7日正午奉军派出正式代表偕同北京的慈善团体代表及山西旅京同乡会代表持白旗进入涿州城，向傅作义接洽和平让出涿州城，傅作义态度颇为倔强，代表们不得要领，因傅作义提出的条件是全师退往山西，做为和平让出涿州的条件，奉方认为这个无可协商，于是和谈代表在涿州住了两天，9日晚出城，毫无结果，10日返北京。 奉方代表在涿州前后三天两夜，对傅作义的倔强态度印象颇深，并探悉城内晋军原有五团，计三团步兵，一团炮兵，一营工兵，一营机关枪。傅入城后即实行粮食管理，计养军民不下8万之众，被困虽已两月，士气民心都未动摇。 阎锡山由太原到五台，因繁峙情况较紧，即到代州指挥。晋军长于取守，奉方亦承认已到大牺牲时期，但谓实逼处此，和平无从说起，只好打向前去。奉方军队在晋东晋北两面为张作相部吉军、汤高之热察军、第三、四方面之第八、九、十、及于芷山之卅军，人数不下7万。晋军实力亦相差不远，惟晋境多山，军事进行不易。奉军又时懔孤军深入之虑，所以虽具猛攻决心，但发展似甚艰难。 自晋方缩短防线，晋军即完全采取依险防守计划。其主旨乃在乘间整顿内部，增加实力，静待宁豫各军发展，然后再会师反攻。而奉军方面，亦以激战之余，需补充休养，且天寒道远，地势生涩，不愿孤军深入。故月来各路战事，均成对峙之局，无任何新发展。龙泉关间，虽有一度激战，然亦只能认为游击性质，并非正式动员。此时晋军战线，纯取包围固守形式，非至迫不得已，绝不轻易攻击。故目前只在防卫方面，多方努力。其目的欲利用天然之险隘，诱敌深入，乘机以图有功。北路方面两军现亦仍在对峙，毫无任何动作。平型关间形势，目前虽亦经一度紧张，但因奉方窥破晋军系诱敌之计，故亦急急后退，局势又归沉寂。该处正降大雪数寸，气候异常寒冷，山岭崎岖，道路泥滑，行军守尚较易为力，攻则极感困难，此亦奉军未急进的一个大原因。京汉南端之正太线，奉军仍驻守石家庄，晋军前线在获鹿井陉间，前锋虽时或有小冲突，但非主力战，无关得失。12月10日张学良、韩麟春自保定归京，韩于13日复由京赴奉，可见京汉军事，已不甚紧张。汲金纯亦曾一度入京，旋又赴石。张、韩等入京任务，是商讨应付战局办法，与涿州问题等。 傅作义坚守涿州城，五次击退奉军的总攻，受到中外的重视。 傅作义是阎锡山所部第四师师长，于16年10月14日进入涿州城，以旅长白某为卫戍司令，团长彭庆曾为城防司令，傅的守城战术很巧妙，不只是以少击众，而且设法使被截留于城外的挺进部队偷夺奉军械弹粮秣由地道运入城中，且在城内设有陷阱，奉军突入即落陷阱中，因此奉军虽先后五次总攻，但终能坚守孤城，击退奉军5万以上兵力。 奉军攻城统帅张学良鉴于傅作义守城顽抗，乃采取长期围困方法，傅作义针对奉方新策略，一方面积极从事于工事补修，一面掘取暗壕以防奉军的坑道攻击，一面于涿城西南角后方百公尺处添筑第二线防御阵地，构成极强固之散兵壕及炮兵掩体，并附以外壕，壕前利用半截树根构成铁丝网，通路上设置拒马，更于城西南角之两侧城墙上构筑极坚固之机关枪掩体，俾以火力封闭缺口。更在城内筑成第二线城墙，以期固守。 10月27日至30日之间，奉军曾以坑道进迫，经守兵察觉，以火药爆炸。奉军乃改以城外构筑工事，掘外壕设地雷铁丝网等，以围困守军。这时隆冬酷寒，守城官兵于冰天雪地中，忍冻守城，困苦特甚。而城内食粮仅能支持三日，军心不无恐慌，傅作义特电阎锡山报告，并与所部团旅长等联名签署，电文如下： 电一：“（衔略）连日敌猛攻甚烈，城墙被炮轰平者数处。室无完璧，弹粮将尽。敌虽伤亡甚夥，我亦损失三分之二，退则无路，势必星散。刻拟设法保全实力，待机谋敌。否则唯有成仁，以报知遇。” 电二：“（衔略）敌以五万之众，及炮工兵全部，未下涿城，已伤亡大半。抑使抽调南下，其气已馁。近则京、汉列车，多载重武器北上，已有退意。我军当此千载一时良机，若能火速反攻，则职等为牵制计，于旬日内当日食一餐，以竟全功。不继则以草根树皮济之，舍此则报国虽切，无能为也。彼时痛惜，曷其有极。” 12月8日，涿州守城部队，奉到阎锡山两电，其文如下： 电一：“（衔略）该师固守涿城，力撑大局，忠勇奋发，喜慰良深。所有全师官佐，着一律进一级待遇，头目则以排长记名，士兵赏洋十万元。其尤特别出力之官佐士兵，着该师长择保，阵亡官兵均着进一级给恤，其死伤最烈者，并着查报，从优恤赏。”电二：“（衔略）顷奉国民政府鱼电开：'阎总司令转汲州傅师长鉴：涿州屏藩三晋，锁九门，形势之雄，兵家所重，傅师长力撑大局，固守斯城，轶淮阴背水之奇，耻南人乞援之举，得道多助，无惭仁义之师。众志成城，何虑金汤不守。敌不得逞，民有所归，弥著功勋，实深喜慰。现西北军克复徐州，此时北伐各军亦大举进击，将见义师云集，与三晋袍泽会定幽、燕也'等语。除代复外，望仍努力固守，以永嘉誉，是所至盼。” 涿州究竟是一个孤城，虽然奉军屡攻不下，可是孤城奋斗终归要弹尽粮绝，开始时城内尚有米面，不久即以杂粮果腹，半月后改以高粱充饥，士兵们做成黑窝头，吃了苦不堪言，12月初城内连黑窝头也没有吃的了。傅作义乃与当地维持会研究以酒糟代替，更是难以下咽。12月14日涿城妇孺数百人拥集傅军司令部外，环跪泣诉，她们多已三日没有吃东西，希望结束战争以救残生。 至12月25日阎锡山电告：“我革命军克复徐州，由津浦路大举北上，山东震动，冯玉祥大部由京汉路会合我军三路进攻，即当直趋京津”等语。傅作义接电后即召集各级干部商量突围，可是守城士兵苦战二月余，食糟一月，头脚已肿，伤病累累，而奉军围城数重，突围根本不可能。在这种情形下继续撑持了一个月，至17年1月底派员向围城的奉军接洽和平条件，2月4日商妥订立条约： （一）涿州战事自即日起一律停战。 （二）涿州人民自战事发生之日起，所有一切负担及损失完全由奉方清偿。 （三）涿州守城军自本日起改称国防军，永不参加任何内战，其枪械服装及饷项由奉方补充发放。 （四）国防军之驻地为军粮城，由涿州开往，日期另定。 （五）国防军离涿州以前，由奉方交付现洋20万元为开拔费。 这五项条款签订后，17年2月7日傅军乃如约开城。自16年10月11日傅作义的第四师进占涿州后，至17年2月7日，先后坚守达100余日，孤军奋战，中外震惊。 清末民初的名士樊增祥曾有诗称许傅作义守涿州，诗曰： “新收涿鹿七千人，百日燕南集大勋，十六年来千百战，英雄我爱傅将军。”