Chapter 251 250. Zhang Zuolin named himself Grand Marshal

In late May of 2016, the forces of the revolutionary army had reached the south of the Yellow River, and the Fengjun decided to abandon Longhai and retreat to Hebei. From May 28th to May 31st, the Feng army in southern Henan was completely withdrawn. The Zhilu army on the Jinpu line also abandoned Xuzhou and defended Lincheng and Hanzhuang. . Feng Jun shortened the battle line in order to consolidate the northwest, seeking to gain a firm foothold first.It turned out that Yan Xishan in Shanxi had news of instability. Since the Zhilu army occupied Xuzhou and Sun Chuanfang retreated to Jiangpu in the Qing Dynasty, all northern Anhui was owned by the revolutionary army. There was only Longhai line between Henan and Jiangsu. Luo is on the verge of danger, and Zhengzhou is surrounded by enemies on three fronts. The only one who relies on it is the Jinghan Road. At this time, Yan Xishan suddenly complained of illness and refused to see visitors. In fact, there have been concrete contacts with the South.Since the Feng army has penetrated deep into southern Henan, if there is a simultaneous change in the Longhai and Beijing-Han lines, it will be in a situation where you can't advance and you can't retreat. Therefore, the plan to withdraw troops has long been arranged. The sudden retreat at the right time caught the revolutionary army by surprise.

Starting from May 28th, Zhang Xueliang led the reserve team and the Army Corps to retreat from Zhengzhou to Weihui, Hebei Province, leaving Han Linchun to dispatch in Zhengzhou. The whole army exited safely. At the same time that the Anguo Army headquarters withdrew its troops from Yu Province, it also sent a telegram to Zhang Zongchang to abandon Subaolu. When the Feng army retreated to Hebei, the Zhilu army would also withdraw to Shandong. Since the Feng army withdrew its troops due to concerns about the defense of the northwest, the Beijing-Han and Beijing-Sui lines became the center of gravity in the north. Zhang Zuolin appointed Zhang Zuoxiang as the commander of the fifth army, and led the Ji and Hei divisions to station in Baoding.Commissioned Wu Jun was promoted to the commander-in-chief of Jingyu's rear defense, and the Feng army continued to enter from outside the pass.

On June 1, Yan Xishan’s representative in Beijing visited Zhang Zuolin at Prince Shuncheng’s mansion. It is said that the representative Yan advised Zhang to cooperate with the revolutionary army, implement the Three People’s Principles, and jointly oppose the Communist Party in order to resist the northward advance of leftists such as Feng Yuxiang and Tang Shengzhi. After the Feng army returned to Hebei, the situation in the north was undergoing a major change, which was the last struggle of the Beiyang warlords. Since Wu Peifu fell into a slump, Zhang Zuolin has become the number one among the Beiyang warlords. In the past six months, the central government in Beijing has been delayed again and again. Settled, the truth came to light.

Although Fengjun's expulsion of Wu Peifu in Henan went smoothly, the Red Gun Society, a local gang in Henan, troubled Fengjun greatly. Yan Xishan in Shanxi secretly changed his flag to join the revolution. disadvantage.However, Fengfang has repeatedly advertised the use of troops to fight against the Red Army. In fact, the National Revolutionary Army headed by Chiang Kai-shek has declared anti-communism. Therefore, Fengfang's younger generation advocates changing the flag and calling it the National Revolutionary Army.But the older generation disagrees. On June 9th, an important meeting was held in Beijing's Shuncheng Palace. Zhang Xueliang and Han Linchun both emphasized that they should follow the trend, and Zhang Zuoxiang and Wu Junsheng, who represented the older generation of Fengjun generals, could also understand. Fengfang roughly decided:

(1) In addition to agreeing with the Three People's Principles, Fengfang intends to add a considerable amount of additions, adding the People's Moral Principles to show respect for the old morality, and renamed it the Four People's Principles. (2) Cooperate with Shanxi Yan Xishan and the revolutionary army, and declare an armistice first. (3) If it is necessary to fight against Feng Yuxiang and Tang Shengzhi, we should discuss it in detail and share the tasks together. (4) National political and legal issues should be resolved by the National Assembly, and it is opposed to a single party. Before the National Assembly is held, the governments of the north and the south will handle government affairs within their respective powers, but diplomacy will be handled jointly and externally.

(5) After the armistice and cooperation, the merger of the North and South governments will proceed. (6) The committee system of the central government, such as the national government, can be discussed. (7) The Beijing government should be reorganized as soon as possible. After Feng Fang formulated these strategies, there were changes in the middle, mainly because of misunderstandings between Feng and Jin, and the issue of cooperation with the National Revolutionary Army. It is said that the Revolutionary Army requested that Sun Chuanfang's remaining forces be resolved. On June 11, Zhang Zongchang and Sun Chuanfang went to Beijing together. Sun Chuanfang was unwilling to participate in the revolution, while Zhang Zongchang believed that if Feng Fang participated in the revolution, it would be detrimental to the Lu army and his own strength. He opposed the merging of Fengfang and the revolutionary army, and of course he also opposed the peace talks. At the same time, he strongly advocated the reorganization of the Beijing government and recommended Pan Fu to form a cabinet.But who will issue the command to reshuffle the cabinet, because the Beijing government no longer has a head of state, both Zhang Zongchang and Sun Chuanfang strongly advocated that the old marshal Zhang Zuolin be appointed as the generalissimo of the army and navy, and then the generalissimo would send Pan Fu to form a cabinet by order, so as to avoid any confusion. Gu Weijun was appointed by the cabinet and was suspected of recognizing Cao Kun's constitution.

Due to the entry of Zhang Zongchang and Sun Chuanfang to Beijing, the older generation of Fengfang figures all agreed to make a big effort, so the political situation in Beijing changed suddenly. At 3:00 pm on June 16, 2016, Beijing Shuncheng Palace made a decision on the highest issue in Beijing. At that time, there were three ways: (1) Zhang Zuolin became the generalissimo, (2) sent someone to form a cabinet, and stood in the background by himself, (3) ) leave the customs without asking about the internal affairs of the customs, and restore the independent situation of "king outside the customs".

During the meeting, Zhang Zongchang once said impassionedly: the enemy in the future is not the Beiyang faction, and he must fight, and if he does not fight, he will die.After being promoted, even if the situation is not good and he withdraws from the customs, with the title of Generalissimo, he can still imitate Sun Yat-sen's situation in Guangdong, and it is easy to call.Zhang Zuolin was greatly moved by his frank words, so the important issues that could not be decided in a few days were fully resolved in this meeting.At the same time, after the meeting, Zhang Zuolin sent a sharp telegram, the telegram is as follows:

"All ministries and institutes in Beijing, Wu Yushuai in Nanyang, Deputy Commander Yan in Taiyuan, Deputy Commander Sun in Xin'an Township, Deputy Commander Zhang in Jinan, Zhang in Xinxiang, Head of the Han Army, and passed on to all generals, military and civilian chiefs of all provinces, legal organizations, and newspapers. The revolution of 1911 was completed, the national system was restructured, the sovereignty rests with the people, the old tyranny was eliminated, the five races were equal, and there was no distinction between classes. Everything that eliminated human thieves and increased the happiness of the people's livelihood was created by our revolutionary martyrs with great difficulty. Therefore, anyone who endangers the foundation of the country, ruins the livelihood of the people, colludes with foreign aid, and shakes the state system is a public enemy of the whole country, and everyone can punish him. Compared with the communists who surrendered to the Soviet Union, their propaganda is also transformed, and they are willing to betray the country and bring disaster to the world. , Zuolin is not martial, Painful gods are equal to deer and hogs, and the great China has fallen to barbarians. In order to drive out floods and beasts, we must fight. For the survival of human beings in the world, we must fight. It is used to unite the commanders and rebels. For more than a year, Although the outside was devastated, the inside was quiet and the gods were treacherous. In the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Gyeonggi, Suibei and Shuofang provinces were able to be well-off. It was Chifuping in the north, the rise of Chifu in the south, Yanling fell again, and Jiangzuo was invaded. Zuolin The righteousness of Lin’s responsibility for the rise and fall, the sincerity of sharing the emergency, getting out of the car with his arms, wearing a crown to rescue, talking about his duty, and not daring to ask for labor. Although Chen Bing, Anhui and Henan, did not make any contribution to the settlement, but swept away the adversity, and it was already cold The courage of the captives. However, the title of communism is aimed at the world revolution, and the abolition of communism is indeed a common cause of the world and a common cause of mankind. It cannot be accomplished by Zuolin alone. All my fellow countrymen, Both shoulder the responsibility of protecting the country and defending the people, and they all share the same hatred against the enemy. They must work together and do not need to succeed on their own. After that, the generals at home and abroad, regardless of the party or affiliation, but with the title of "challenging the red", they are comrades who save the nation. No Especially the former enemy has become a friend at this time. The current enemy can also be a friend in the future. Only with regard to Chi Ni, he will always be consistent with the enemy and will never be compatible. There is still a breath left, and this ambition will not change. If there is a healthy person, Chi Ni Zuolin is willing to stay away from all the barbarians. As for other things, all doctrines, but not in conflict with the interests of the country and the people, can be carried out together. The power is exercised by the whole people, and politics follows the usual track. It is still necessary to discuss the referendum with the sages in the country. .For Lin Weixian’s political affairs, apart from completing the cause of seeking redness, Gu Yuan has no prejudices at all. This is also the dispute between snipe and clam. Respect Bu’s heart, and Zhu Xi’s observation. Zhang Zuolin. Mill (16 days)”

In the middle of the night of June 16, Sun Chuanfang and Zhang Zongchang led a telegram to support Zhang Zuolin's appointment as Grand Marshal of the Navy and Army. The telegram said: "Urgently, Beijing Commander-in-Chief Zhang Jian: The military and civilian chiefs of all provinces, all legal groups, and all newspapers have learned: God is a disaster for the Republic of China, and the political platform is broken. The country has no government, the people have no head of state, and there are many turmoil. It is here. Now the red atmosphere Diffuse, the sky is dark, poisoning the whole country, and it is omnipresent. The expectations of the people and the blame of the friends all regard redemption as the only major plan for the country. However, it is not a unified military power and a purge of political platforms. Since his inauguration last year, Commander-in-Chief Weir has set his sights on calming the chaos. Xinxi is overwhelmed, and the red disaster in the north is cleared up. The red party in the south is rampant. The emperors of the whole country do not know where they are. It's the day when our generation is fighting to serve the country. Chuanfang and others have repeatedly discussed, saying that to save the country from the red, we must gather strength and consolidate the interior, so that we can attack aggressively and stop the cruelty. Yuanyuan is in trouble. My commander-in-chief is as big as a duke, and heaven and earth are clear. Comrade Fu, friends and enemies are like one. Only the commander-in-chief is urged to take the country as the premise to save lives from the catastrophe. Encourage the general of the navy and army. Invigorate the military will, inspire the hearts of the soldiers, insist on the power of the central government to issue orders, and unite the whole country with the same hatred. The generals can quickly sweep away the red atmosphere. , and do our best to eliminate the responsibility of riots. Don’t lose people’s hearts because of small details. Don’t be humble and lead to great changes. In short, the people of the whole country will die, but my commander-in-chief will live. The people of the world will die, but I The commander-in-chief saves it. The situation is forced, there is no time, and the dignity is too great. Sun Chuanfang, Zhang Zongchang, Wu Junsheng, Zhang Zuoxiang, Chu Yupu, Zhang Xueliang, Han Linchun, Tang Yulin. Milling (16th). Printed. "

When Zhang Zuolin decided to take the post of Grand Admiral of the Army and Navy, he invited five political advisers, including Liang Shiyi, Ye Gongchuo, Cao Rulin, Zeng Yujun, and Liang Hongzhi, to Shuncheng Palace to seek their opinions. Of course, Liang and others had no objection. As for the surviving Prime Minister Gu Weijun, he had long hoped to leave the post of prime minister and had originally intended to retain the Minister of Foreign Affairs. However, the development of the situation has made him feel that there is no need for the foreign minister to continue, because Wang Chonghui has gone south, and Tang Erhe and Luo Wengan have decided not to do so. When Tang left, he left a letter of resignation and left without warning. As for the meeting in the Shuncheng Palace, it was decided that Pan Fu would form the cabinet regardless of whether Zhang Zuolin or Zhang Zuolin were appointed. Therefore, on June 16, Gu Nai wrote a letter to A letter from the cabinet members said: "Xinwu (Hu Weide) Xuwu (Zhang Jinghui) Junren (Luo Wenqian) Zhiqing (Ren Kecheng) Puhang (Pan Fu) Brothers and Chiefs Gongjian: Dear Sir, Wei Jun served the country with Philippine talents. Empty, the regime has no ownership, the value of the international treaty is restored, and the revision period is due. The country is on the verge of extinction, and there will be a risk of interruption. Fortunately, the princes are responsible for maintaining it. Within a few months of the original intention, the overall situation will be resolved. As a result, Ermian served as a diplomat and served as the seat of power at the same time. I had already taken care of two jobs, but my body was weak and I was overwhelmed by the drama, which caused stomach pains to recur. I have repeatedly begged and retired, but failed to do so. Follow the procrastination , to this day. Internal and external troubles have followed one after another. Wei Jun has no plan to worry about troubles, and lacks the skills to resolve disputes. The gods are guilty, and the worries are deep. In recent days, the old diseases have been exacerbated. Chinese and Western doctors all call it the root cause It is very deep. If you have to refuse all kinds of tasks and rest quietly, medicine bait will not be easy to work. When the country is in trouble, when it comes to the responsibility of every man, how dare Wei Jun cherish his heels and take refuge in peace. Nothing like a weak and sick body, Can't manage affairs. Vegetarian meals and corpses will cause trouble to the country. Here is a petition to resign from this position and hold various positions, hoping to have a little rest and recuperation, so as not to become chronic waste. In the regency period, all government orders depend on the national conference. The advance and retreat of Weijun alone is not the most important thing. Except for the three chiefs Tang Du and Yang who are not in Beijing, in case of important events, before the successor cabinet is established, the chief minister Xinwu can still call the cabinet members in Beijing with the chief qualification for the time being. The central government affairs are not suspended. As for external relations, it is particularly important at this time. The court has ordered Yintai, the deputy minister of foreign affairs, to temporarily act as the ministerial affairs, so that the affairs can continue as usual. On the one hand, I still hope that the public will continue to negotiate with Yushuai , Quickly determine the method of reorganizing the cabinet. Wei Jun has also sent a letter to Chen Yushuai, asking him to preside over it. In general, the hearts of the people are attached to each other, but the country will not be shaken. We have been in the same boat for half a year, thanks to Kuangxiang. . Linying is terrified, and the beggars will not announce it. Gu Weijun said. (June 16th)." In fact, major developments are brewing in the political situation, and no one pays attention to Gu Weijun, the caretaker cabinet.Since the Republic of China, there is no worse cabinet than this one. Zhang Zuolin finally ascended to the position of head of state of the Beijing government and took office as Grand Marshal of the Navy and Army in Huairentang on June 18, 16th year of the Republic of China. The day before, the Beijing police went door-to-door to notify businesses to hang flags, and ordered all Chinese newspapers to print red characters in big characters. The newspapers used the excuse that they could not buy red ink, so they only published red characters for one day. At dawn on the 18th, Chang'an Avenue in Beijing stretched from east to west to Shuncheng Palace, with three steps and one post, and the security was heavily guarded.From 2:00 p.m. onwards, except for cars with Anguojun yellow cards, all traffic is prohibited, trams are also suspended, and small alleys are blocked and crowded. Zhang Zuolin wore the uniform of an army general, senior generals of the Anguo Army Zhang Zuoxiang, Wu Junsheng, Yang Yuting, Zhang Xueliang, Han Linchun, etc. all wore military uniforms, while Sun Chuanfang wore black gauze jackets and light blue gauze gowns, and talked the most before and after the salute.The inauguration ceremony was held in Huairen Hall, and Zhang Xueliang and Han Linchun were the last to arrive.Zhang Laoshuai insisted on waiting for the two men to arrive before taking office. At 2:00 p.m. on the 18th, Chang Yinchang, the military attaché of the Presidential Palace, and Huang Kaiwen, the chief ceremonial officer, went to the Shuncheng Palace to welcome them in a limousine car. They arrived at Huairen Hall at 2:50 p.m. and saluted at 3:30 p.m. , Zhang Zuolin read the declaration aloud: "Zuolin is honored to be appointed as the Grand Admiral of the Army and Navy of the Republic of China, and vows to consolidate the republic, give full play to the rule of the people, refresh the internal affairs, and establish diplomatic relations. I hereby declare." After the declaration, he was congratulated. Return to Shuncheng Palace at 3:50, and issue two orders on the same day as follows: (1) The Organizational Decree of the Military Government of the Republic of China is hereby promulgated, this Decree. Military Government Organization of the Republic of China Article 1 The Grand Marshal of the Army and Navy shall command the Army and Navy of the Republic of China. Article 2 During the military administration period, the Generalissimo shall exercise the ruling power on behalf of the Republic of China and protect the legal rights of the people throughout the country. Article 3 The military government appoints state servants to assist the generalissimo in carrying out government affairs. Article 4 The number of state servants is as follows: the Prime Minister, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Chief of the Military, the Chief of the Interior, the Chief of Finance, the Chief of Justice, the Chief of Education, the Chief of Industry, the Chief of Agriculture and Industry, and the Chief of Communications. Article 5 The Prime Minister shall counter-sign the orders of the Generalissimo, and the heads of all ministries shall jointly and severally sign the orders concerning the departments in charge.However, this is not the case for the appointment and dismissal of state servants. Article 6 The official system of the State Council and its ministries shall be determined separately. Article 7 Any legal order before June 18, 16th year of the Republic of China, which does not conflict with this Order, shall apply. (2) This decree specially appoints Pan Fu as Prime Minister. In addition, Zhang issued an inauguration declaration and a telegram as follows: "In the past few years, the four directions have been troubled, and the country is a coward. There is no responsible person in the central government, and heresy is taking advantage of the emptiness. Zuolin sees that the red atmosphere is blazing, and he can't bear to make the five-thousand-year-old god's clothes and hats be regarded as aliens. Three. The prosperity of agriculture and commerce in the Wanlicheng community was razed to ruins, and he took up the post of Grand Admiral of the Army and Navy on the eighteenth of this month. It is difficult for the time being. The establishment of the Myanmar-Uyghur Republic, the sovereignty of the people, should be based on the spirit of the republic, and seek the welfare of the five ethnic groups. Anyone who is so-called honest and respectful of the people's livelihood and respect for the people's morals should be determined to do so in order to seek happiness in Datong. The morality is never to fall. Cleaning up the internal governance and harmonious diplomacy are the most urgent tasks. For this reason, I would like to tell my fathers and brothers that all my colleagues and all facilities must be based on public opinion, and we will save the sinking of the hearts of the people. Use your time to turn the tide and quickly Eliminate huge troubles. In short, if Chini is not clear for a day, the responsibilities of Zuolin and the officials in charge have not been fulfilled for a day. If the current situation is even, you should respect the virtuous and give up the ability, so I am the first to accept it. Political reform, listen to everyone People of the country, this is the one who looks forward to praying in the evening. May we encourage each other!" Since June 16, 2016, after Gu Weijun handed over the post of Prime Minister of the Cabinet to Hu Weide as an agent, the cabinet has become more in name only. Fortunately, Zhang Zuolin is actively preparing to be the Grand Marshal of the Army and Navy at this time, so no one will pay attention to the problems of the cabinet, and the cabinet There is nothing wrong with that. On June 18, Zhang Zuolin appointed Pan Fu to form a cabinet in the name of Generalissimo. This was the 32nd and last cabinet of the Beijing government. The list of Pan Fu is as follows: Premier Pan Fu Shen Ruilin Yan Zepu Wang Yintai He Fenglin Yao Zhen Liu Zhe Zhang Jinghui Minister of Agriculture and Industry Liu Shangqing Pan Fu, Director of Transportation (concurrently) This is an all-Feng family cabinet. Zhang Zuolin merged the land and sea ministries, renamed the Ministry of Military Affairs, and set up a military chief.A new Ministry of Industry was added, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce was changed to the Ministry of Agriculture and Industry.Although Pan Fu is the director of transportation, the real power is in the hands of the deputy director, Chang Yinhuai, who is often Yang Yuting's celebrity. Pan Fu, a native of Jining, Shandong Province, was a Juren in the late Qing Dynasty. He used the title of donating Nafu to distribute Jiangsu candidates, and then followed Lu Zhongqi to Shanxi.In the Shanxi Civilian Army Uprising in 1911, Lu Zhongqi's family was martyred. Affected by this great change, Pan Fu returned to his hometown and jointly founded Lufeng Flour Company with Jin Yunpeng.In the early years of the Republic of China, he joined the Progressive Party, served as a secretary in the Ministry of Finance in Beijing, and then went to work outside the customs to follow Zhang Zuolin. In November 8, Jin Yunpeng formed a cabinet, with Li Sihao as the chief financial officer, and Pan Fu was appointed as the deputy chief because of his relationship with Jin. In the 9-year Zhiwan War, the Anhui faction was defeated, and the Anfu faction lost power. Jin formed a cabinet again, and Zhou Ziqi succeeded as the finance minister. Instead, the deputy chief temporarily acted as the minister's affairs until Gao Lingyu became the finance minister. After the collapse of Jin Ge, Pan went to work in Tianjin. He was good at dancing with long sleeves. Lin Baishui, the president of "Society Daily", once scolded Pan by name for not receiving subsidies. Pan sued Zhang Zongchang for this. Lin Baishui was arrested and bound to Tianqiao for execution that day. In January 2016, Pan served as the Chief of Communications, and the military government led by Zhang Zuolin served as the Prime Minister.