Chapter 223 222. Sun Yat-sen went north and passed away
In the 13th year of the Republic of China, before the Zhifeng war in the north, Sun Yat-sen led the Kuomintang to arrange the Northern Expedition in the south. Unfortunately, the Guangzhou business group incident occurred in the middle. The business group incident was settled on October 15, 2013. At this time, the Zhifeng war was already raging. However, after the failure of the direct lineage, the city of Beijing changed its owner, and the so-called triangle alliance of Sun, Duan and Zhang naturally came into play.
After the coup, Feng Yuxiang Group, an emerging force in the north, jointly sent a telegram asking Sun Yat-sen to go north. The telegram said:
"Mr. Sun Yat-sen's Great Lesson: The Revolution of 1911 was not fully accomplished, which made it impossible for Mr. to implement his policies. Today, I am fortunate to be together with our allies to survey the capital. I still hope that Mr. will give you instructions on all future construction plans. I hope that you will drive north quickly. It is prayer for your relatives to teach you." .Feng Yuxiang, Hu Jingyi, Sun Yue, Xu Tongxi, Liu Shouzhong, Kuai Dingyu, Ling Yi, Li Shizeng, Li Hanfang, Yue Weijun, Zhang Zhijiang, Li Mingzhong, Lu Zhonglin, Deng Baoshan... Knock."
On October 27, Sun Yat-sen sent a telegram to Feng Yuxiang and others in Shaoguan, agreeing to go north, and another identical telegram to Duan Qirui, the telegram said:
"The flag of righteousness is raised, and the great evil is eliminated. The brothers have contributed to the country, and we are deeply grateful. The construction plan should be decided urgently. We plan to go north today to meet with the brothers..."
On October 30, Sun Yat-sen returned to Guangzhou, convened a meeting at the Grand Marshal's Mansion to discuss specific ways to deal with the current situation in the north, and decided to go north in person.The Executive Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee issued a secret circular No. 86, instructing comrades:
"To inform you: this time Feng Yuxiang, Hu Jingyi, and Sun Yue will join forces to overthrow Cao and Wu and remove obstacles to the revolution. The relationship is very close. Hu and Sun are party members, and Feng's department also includes many party members. The Prime Minister went north this time, In response to the request of comrades in the north, it is expected that the party affairs in the north will be carried out and developed, and it is not a compromise with various factions. Regarding the Northern Expedition for the founding of the country, the government has both orders and declarations, and the promulgation of the 20-point outline of the founding of the country. Again, the purpose of the Northern Expedition has been announced, the policy has been set, and we will never waver, but we must do our best to implement it. But at present, our party is not yet strong enough, and we still have to wait to take power and implement the party program. Comrades, I should work hard in time Propaganda organizations, in the hope that the group will be strengthened and the power will be strengthened. It is absolutely impossible to make small changes in the current situation and shake the ambitions. In particular, you should always pay attention to the words and actions of the Prime Minister, learn from others, and follow the party's orders at any time, and strive for doctrine. It is of the utmost importance to practice the practice of divergence and disorder."
On November 4, 2013, Sun Yat-sen ordered Hu Hanmin to stay in Guangzhou and act as the generalissimo; he ordered Tan Yankai to handle the affairs of the base camp, presided over the Northern Expedition, and telegraphed Zhang Zuolin to inform him that he would go north today.
On November 10, Sun Yat-sen issued the Northward Declaration as follows:
"...Thus, after the 1911 Revolution, even though we were able to overthrow the Manchurian government, the imperialists colluded with the warlords to make the national revolution their enemy. It must be done to prevent the progress of the national revolution. In the past thirteen years, the warlords themselves have undergone a transformation. , and its nature and function are exactly the same from Yuan Shikai to Cao Kun and Wu Peifu. Therefore, the purpose of the Northern Expedition is not only to destroy Cao and Wu, but especially after the destruction of Cao and Wu, there will never be anyone who continues the same. In other words, the purpose of the Northern Expedition , not only to overthrow the warlords, but especially to overthrow the imperialism on which the warlords depend for their survival...
The force held hostage by the warlords is augmented by the aid of imperialism.This has been the case since Yuan Shikai.However, when it was in its heyday, although it had the wings of imperialism, and when it was defeated, imperialism could not save it. What is the reason for this?In the battle of the southeast in the second year, Yuan Shikai used troops without any disadvantage.In the past three or four years, the rebellion gradually increased, and the hearts of the people gradually disappeared.And the army against the imperial system rose up, and finally the people betrayed their relatives and left, and fell into a slump.In the past seven years, Wu Peifu has used troops without any disadvantages; he was in arrogance, thinking that he could conquer and manage the world with all his strength... and the hearts of the people were gone, and he was defeated in the end.Still in defeat, he called the Beijing Mission to ask for assistance.It has always been willing to be a puppet of imperialism, but cannot understand the lessons of history.From this point of view, the assistance of imperialism will eventually lose to the consciousness of the people. ... Here we can get a proof: Anyone who combines force with imperialism is invincible.On the contrary, those who unite with the people to speed up the progress of the national revolution are invincible. ...will never disappear in the country.The phenomenon of its replacement, the first step is to combine force with the people. ... Today, the military power of the people is still beyond words, but the combination of military power and the people is already visible.Here we have to work hard, hoping that this combination will be sure and make progress...
Based on the above theories, our party advocates the convening of a National Assembly for the current situation in order to seek the unification and construction of China.Before the National Assembly is convened, it is advocated to convene a preliminary meeting to determine the basic conditions of the National Assembly, the date of convening, and the method of election.The preparatory meeting shall be organized by representatives of the following groups: 1. Modern industrial groups.2. Chamber of Commerce.3. Education meeting.4. Universities.5. Provincial student federations.6. Labor unions.7. Peasant associations.8. Jointly oppose the armies of Cao and Wu.9. Political parties. ..."
At 10:20 on November 13, Sun Yat-sen and more than 20 people including Soong Ching Ling, Li Liejun, Shao Yuanchong, Huang Changgu, Zhu Hezhong, and Ma Chaojun set off on the Yongfeng ship. Wang Zhaoming went to Hong Kong one day earlier and waited there.Hu Hanmin, Xu Chongzhi, Yang Ximin, Liu Zhenhuan and others were sent to Huangpu by Jianggu ship. Due to the shallow water of the Pearl River hindering navigation, they arrived in Huangpu at 3 pm. The teachers and students of the Whampoa Military Academy bid farewell. At this time, the students of the first and second phases of Whampoa were conducting tactical exercises and building the city near the Yuzhu Fort on the opposite bank. Jiang Zhongzheng was accompanying Sun Yat-sen to review.
Sun Yat-sen met with the teachers and students of the military academy in Whampoa, and praised the outstanding achievements of the Whampoa military academy. I don’t know whether he had a premonition or subconsciously at this time. Before leaving, he sadly said to the principal Jiang Zhongzheng: “I went to Beijing this time, knowing that it is very dangerous. , Misfortunes and fortunes are hard to predict, whether I will come back in the future, I really dare not predict, but I went to the north for the revolution, to save the country and the people, even if there are dangers, why not be afraid? Besides, I am fifty-nine years old, and I can die in peace." Jiang Zhongzheng was very surprised when he heard Sun Yat-sen's words, because Sun Yat-sen was usually the most optimistic, but now he said this, and he was deeply puzzled, so he asked: "Why do you say that today?" If I died at the right time, I would not have been able to die two or three years ago, but now that I have so many good students and can complete the revolutionary work, I will die without regret." He said with great sadness.Afterwards, Chiang Kai-shek held a farewell party for Sun Yat-sen in the school, and at 5:50 p.m. Sun Yat-sen boarded the ship again and sailed to Hong Kong.
Sun Yat-sen arrived in Hong Kong at 2 o'clock in the morning on the 14th, boarded the NYK ship Chunyang Maru at 6 o'clock in the morning, and departed for Shanghai at 12 o'clock in the morning. More than 300 people saw off at Chunyang Maru with loud firecrackers. Arrived at Sanlaishui at Wusongkou at midnight on the 16th, and landed at the French Concession Company Wharf at 9:25 a.m. on the 17th. Yu Youren, Shi Qingyang, Dai Chuanxian, Yang Shukan, Juzheng, Song Ziwen On behalf of Guang Yunjin, Qi Xieyuan, Jiang Zuobin, Ye Chulan and Duan Qirui, and Qi Xieyuan on behalf of Ling Tie'an, more than 20 people took a small steamer to Wusongkou to welcome them. More than 10,000 people from all walks of life and citizens of Shanghai welcomed them at the pier.After Sun Yat-sen landed, he took a car to rest at his residence at No. 29 Morley Road, and filmed a newsreel on the lawn by Newland Film Company.
At 3 o'clock in the afternoon on the 19th, Sun Yat-sen held a tea party in his residence, entertaining Shanghai journalists Chen Bulei, Pan Gengsheng, Ge Gongzhen, etc., and 30 people including Shinji Shinji, a special correspondent of the "Mainichi Shimbun" in Osaka, Japan.Wang Zhaoming, Shao Yuanchong, Ye Chulan and Dai Chuanxian were the hosts.Sun made a speech for an hour and a half, announcing the current situation, explaining the purpose of going north, and looking forward to China's future, to the effect that:
The root of China's current troubles lies in the warlords and the imperialists who aid them.I went north this time for two purposes: one was to convene the National Assembly, which was to deal with the warlords; the other was to abolish unequal treaties, which was to deal with the imperialists.Only by overthrowing these two scourges can China achieve peaceful reunification and long-term stability.I am fighting for these two ends. Although the situation is very dangerous, I will never be afraid.I hope that the people of the whole country can fully understand it.You are journalists, that is, leaders who speak for the people. I hope you will lead the public opinion, think of sponsorship, and take the responsibility of guiding and awakening the people.
At this time, the traffic between Shanghai and Beijing was extremely difficult due to military influence. The Jinpu Railway had been blocked for a long time, and the steamship from Shanghai to Tianjin was crowded with passengers. All the first-class ships were booked within two weeks. It was decided to take a detour from Japan to Tianjin, only Song Qingling, Dai Chuanxian, and Huang Changgu were accompanied, and the rest of the entourage took Tianjin as their meeting point by boat. On November 22, Sun Yat-sen went to Japan with his entourage on the Japanese ship Shanghai Maru, and was interviewed by a Japanese reporter before leaving Shanghai. Sun Yat-sen said to the Japanese reporter:
"China and Japan, as far as the current world trend is concerned, must fundamentally cooperate, and the people of the two countries should especially join hands in goodwill to resist other aggression policies. In recent years, the Chinese people have been suspicious of Japan. After that, Japan should earnestly express its friendly policy towards China. . . . .
Yu Chunran went to the aftermath meeting in Tianjin as a national. "
Arrived in Nagasaki on the 23rd, received journalists, politicians and Chinese students on board, arrived in Kobe on the afternoon of the 24th, welcomed 5,000 people, landed and stayed at the Kobe Oriental Hotel, attracted many people from all walks of life, gave more than ten speeches before and after. Leaving Kobe on the 30th, boarded Beiling Maru for Tianjin.
On December 4, Sun Yat-sen arrived at Dagukou by taking the sun wheel Beiling Maru, and the weather was very cold.Sun Yat-sen's entourage went northward from Shanghai. Wang Zhaoming and others had arrived in Tianjin first. At this moment, they took a small steamer to meet them at Dagukou, and boarded the Beiling Maru to report the northern political situation to Sun Yat-sen.At 12 o'clock in the afternoon, the ship arrived at Tianjin Wharf. About 20,000 people were welcomed at the wharf. Duan Qirui, representatives of the First, Second, and Third Armies of the National Army, and representatives of various organizations boarded the ship to welcome them.After disembarking, he took a carriage to the Zhangyuan Residence in the Japanese Concession and stayed there. This Zhangyuan is a well-known residence in Tianjin. Its owner was Zhang Biao, the admiral of Wuchang in the late Qing Dynasty.
That afternoon, Zhang Zuolin sent representatives to Zhang Garden to greet Sun Yat-sen. At 3 o'clock, Sun Yat-sen drove his troops to Cao's Garden in Hebei to visit Zhang Zuolin, and the two talked for more than an hour.Afterwards, Zhang Zuolin once said to Wang Zhaoming: "I used to think that Mr. Sun was a hard-to-talk person. I just met him today and realized that he is a gentle gentleman. It is a pity that the ministers of various countries in Beijing opposed him, probably because of Mr. Sun's alliance with Russia. Can you ask Mr. Sun to give up the idea of allying with Russia, and I, Zhang Zuolin, will definitely make friends with the ministers of various countries and Mr. Sun."
Zhang Zuolin was originally an old man who did not know much about Western affairs. Due to the special status of the three northeastern provinces, he also knew how to use international relations. However, he was wrong in criticizing Sun Yat-sen in terms of diplomacy. Sun Yat-sen certainly knew much more about the international environment and diplomacy than the Beiyang warlords. It is also true that foreign ministers do not like Sun Yat-sen, because Sun Yat-sen repeatedly emphasized his opposition to imperialism and canceled unequal treaties before he went north.These words are not pleasant to all foreigners.Therefore, when Sun Yat-sen went north, he expressed an unpleasant attitude in the diplomatic corps at that time.At this time, Duan Qirui, Zhang Zuolin and others were expecting the diplomatic corps to recognize the provisional ruling government in Beijing, while the diplomatic corps wanted the ruling government to publicly express respect for all past treaties.These treaties were the unequal treaties that Sun Yat-sen opposed. Under this situation, the diplomatic corps was of course unfriendly to Sun Yat-sen.
Sun Yat-sen grew up in the south and was not used to the severe cold weather in the north. When he arrived in Tianjin, he took off his hat and stood for too long on the boat. After arriving in Zhangyuan, he took pictures outside the door. After Zhang Zuolin returned to Zhangyuan, he felt cold and hot, he had a severe cold, and his liver also felt pain, which was very severe.Therefore, the welcome party held in Zhangyuan by all walks of life that night was canceled temporarily, and at the same time, German doctor Schmidt was postponed for diagnosis and treatment. At that time, the doctor was not paying attention to the cancer that everyone is paying attention to today, so he only treated colds and did not check for liver problems. After Sun Yat-sen took the medicine, after a few days of recuperation, the fever gradually subsided. The doctor told him not to work and take more rest, but Sun Yat-sen felt that his liver was aching. Since the 6th, when his condition has improved, Sun Yat-sen intends to force himself to go to various places to give lectures, but he was dissuaded by doctors before giving up.Those who came to see Sun Yat-sen in those few days were represented by Sun Ke, Wang Zhaoming and Dai Chuanxian respectively.On the 8th, Sun Yat-sen was sick to see the guest.
The northern newspapers highly praised this great man who created the Republic of China, and placed great hopes on him.
When Sun Yat-sen was in Tianjin, he paid close attention to the development of the political situation. Because he firmly advocated the supremacy of the country and the nation, the big powers were quite dissatisfied with him.When he arrived in Tianjin, the French consul did not allow him to pass through the concession, and also opposed him living in the French concession.In the past, Sun Yat-sen fought hard for Guanyu when he was Generalissimo of Guangzhou, so the big powers were already dissatisfied. Now he has repeatedly emphasized the abolition of unequal treaties on the way to the north, and of course he is even more jealous.The Northern ruling government is eager to gain international recognition, while the diplomatic corps threatens the new Beijing government to respect all treaties and not change them arbitrarily.Duan Qirui bowed his head to reality, willing to respect the vested interests of the great powers in exchange for the recognition of the new Chinese government by the great powers.
Sun Yat-sen advocated the abolition of unequal treaties, while Duan Qirui's government recognized all unequal treaties.Sun Yat-sen advocated the convening of a national assembly, while Duan Qirui announced that an aftermath meeting would be convened within one month after the establishment of the executive government, and a national representative meeting would be convened within three months.The political views of the two giants have grown farther and farther apart.
On December 18, Duan Qirui sent Xu Shiying and Ye Gongchuo to Tianjin to welcome Sun Yat-sen to Beijing, and to visit Sun Yat-sen's condition. The two saw the greetings from Sun Yat-sen's ancestor Duan, and reported the political situation in Beijing before the sick bed. When Sun Yat-sen asked about diplomacy, Ye Gongchuo said: "Duan Zhizheng has formally promised to the diplomatic corps that the interim administration will respect the faith of the country." The treaties between them are all unequal treaties, and the diplomatic corps demanded respect for these treaties. I heard that the Consulate Government has agreed with the note, is there anything wrong?" Ye and Xu replied that it was true, but the note has not been sent yet.Sun was furious and said sharply: "I want to abolish unequal treaties outside, but you want to respect those unequal treaties in Beijing. It is simply wrong. You want to get promoted and get rich. You are afraid of foreigners and respect those who oppress us and exploit us." Why did you come to welcome me again?" Ye Gongchuo and Xu Shiying were speechless after being scolded by Sun, not knowing what to do, so they withdrew in embarrassment.Sun Yat-sen, who was ill, suffered from severe liver disease, severe swelling and pain after this anger, and his pulse increased to over 120, and Dr. Shi Mide was helpless.
At this time, the regulations for the aftermath meeting were announced. This is a clear proof of Duan Qirui's determination not to cooperate with Sun Yat-sen. Sun Beishang's ambition of saving the country was frustrated because of this, and he was ill again. It was really a dilemma.As Sun's condition became more and more serious day by day, the Kuomintang comrades thought that it would be better to go to Beijing to recuperate than to live in Tianjin, which was neither suitable for recuperation nor helpful to state affairs. Arranged in Beijing, it was decided to use the Beijing Hotel as the destination and prepare a special car to go from Tianjin to Beijing on December 31.The train arrived at Beijing Qianmen Station at 4:00 p.m. that day.
When Sun Yat-sen arrived at Qianmen Station in Beijing, about 300,000 Beijing citizens gathered to welcome him. There were huge crowds of people in front of the station, vying to see the great man of the Republic of China.Although Sun Yat-sen was seriously ill, facing this touching scene, he felt refreshed. All cabinet members of the Beijing government, principals of colleges and universities, representatives of various organizations, and heads of various agencies welcomed him at the station. The elected general representative boarded the car to welcome one person.
After Sun Yat-sen got off the special car, he took the car out of the station and went straight to the Beijing Hotel. Reporters from various newspapers gathered at the Beijing Hotel again. Sun was represented by Wang Zhaoming to meet with the reporters and distribute a copy of the written conversation. The internal statement said:
"Masters of the Republic of China: Brothers, you are welcome here. I am really grateful. Brothers are not here to fight for status or power. They are here to save the country with you. Thirteen years ago, brothers and you overthrew The Manchurian government seeks the freedom and equality of the Chinese people. However, the freedom and equality of the Chinese people have been sold by the Manchurian government to other countries through unequal treaties, so that we are still in the status of a colony, so we need to save the country. The truth about saving the country It's very long, there are many ways, and success is easy. Brother wanted to explain it to you in detail. Now because of illness, I have to wait until the illness recovers. Now thank you for your kindness. December 30, the thirteenth year of the Republic of China One day. Sun Wen."
After January 20, 2014, he became seriously ill. On the 24th and 25th, Sun Yat-sen could not eat or drink, and he would vomit whenever he ate. The higher the body temperature, the faster the pulse.After consultation with the doctors, it was deemed necessary to move to the hospital for surgery immediately, so after consulting with family members and important comrades, Soong Ching Ling persuaded him to be admitted to the hospital for surgery, Sun Yunuo.At 3:00 p.m., he was moved to Xiehe Hospital on a stretcher. The doctor decided to operate immediately based on his past illness and current critical situation.At 6:00 p.m., an operation was performed. The pus from the liver was sucked out through an incision on the waist. The entire liver was checked and found to be hard as wood. It was confirmed that it was liver cancer. The cancer cells had spread everywhere and could not be cured.That night, doctors from Germany, the United States, and Russia performed biopsy examinations, which also proved that the cancer was in the terminal stage. Considering the medical conditions at that time, there was no cure. It's too late. On the 29th, the doctor reported that Sun Yat-sen's body temperature was normal and his pulse was gentle, which proved that the surgery was going well, but the cancer itself was still difficult to cure.
Radium ingots were still used for treatment in early February, but the effect was not great.
On February 12, Zhang Jingjiang suggested to take traditional Chinese medicine instead. Traditional Chinese medicine sometimes has incredible effects on many strange symptoms. When people are desperate, they put their hope in case.Song Qingling, Sun Ke and Comrade Shiji all asked Sun Yat-sen for permission to switch to traditional Chinese medicine.Sun believes that it is not allowed to take traditional Chinese medicine in Xiehe Hospital. If Chinese medicine must be used, the only option is to move out of the hospital. On the 18th, Sun Zixiehe Hospital moved to Tie Shi Hu Xingyuan, and was examined by Lu Zhongan, a famous Chinese medicine doctor.
On February 20th, Sun Yat-sen was dying, and the doctor thought that there was little hope of saving him, so it was better to ask for his last words while he was still awake, so the comrades who accompanied Sun pushed Wang Zhaoming, Sun Ke, Song Ziwen, and Kong Xiangxi to beg Sun Yat-sen in person.At this time, although Sun was dying, his mind was very clear. Seeing Wang and other four comrades hesitating to speak beside the sick bed, he asked: "If you have anything to say to me, you might as well say it!" Wang Zhaoming said tactfully: " When Mr. was admitted to Xiehe Hospital on January 26th, comrades blamed us. Why didn’t you ask Mr. to leave some teachings to follow. If Mr. recovers soon, these teachings will also be our model. Although Mr. has strength To resist the serious illness, we are also willing to share your worries for Mr. He is in good spirits today, and it is time to leave some teachings for comrades to benefit from.” Sun Yat-sen closed his eyes after hearing this, and was silent for a while, then opened them and said solemnly: “If I have recovered from my illness, and I have a lot to say, I will go to the hot spring to recuperate first, think about it quietly, and then I will tell you later, in case I die, I will let you do it.” The four comrades replied, He also emphasized that the Kuomintang is facing a changing situation. If the party leader does not have a guiding principle, it will be difficult for everyone to make a choice.Sun Yat-sen listened silently for a long time and said: "I have a lot to say now. Our party is surrounded by enemies. After I die, these enemies will not let you go. They may use other methods to soften you. The future is indeed dangerous. It’s better if you don’t say anything, because it will be easier for you to cope with the future environment.” After saying this, it seemed very difficult, at this time Wang Zhaoming approached Sun Bingta and said: “We have followed Mr. Sun Bingta for decades, never afraid of danger, and never Let the enemy soften. All revolutionary comrades can follow the teacher's teachings, and will not escape danger or death. The teacher has taught us for so many years, and he will trust us." Sun Yat-sen closed his eyes and listened, and said: "I have written many books, don't I? Comrades can read it carefully." Wang replied: "We still ask Mr. to leave a few words down." Sun Yat-sen asked: "What do you want me to say? Have you thought about it for me?" Wang said: "We have already prepared A manuscript, sir, please approve it, and now I will read it to him, if it doesn’t suit you, please indicate the words, and I can write it down.” Sun opened his eyes and said, “Okay, just read it to me.”
Wang Zhaoming read out the manuscript that had been drafted. This is the will of Sun Yat-sen that we are all familiar with, and Sun Yat-sen was very satisfied after hearing it.Wang et al. took out the second draft, which was left to the family members. Song Ziwen reported to Sun, and Wang Zhaoming read:
"Because I was exhausted in state affairs, I died of family property. All the books, clothes, houses, etc. left behind by him are given to my wife as a memorial to her birthday. I have grown up children and can stand on their own. I hope that they will love each other and continue my ambition. This Ask."
Sun Yat-sen was also satisfied. Wang Zhaoming wanted to open the door to get pens and ink for Sun to sign. At this time, Soong Ching Ling was crying outside the room. Sun heard the crying and said to Wang: "You put it away first, and I won't die soon." , sign another day!"
While taking the traditional Chinese medicine, Sun Yat-sen was quite conscious, but his symptoms did not ease. On March 1, he asked Wang Lun, a doctor studying in Japan, to inject it every other day with the latest Japanese medicine for treating pulmonary carbuncle.
When Sun Yat-sen was dying, his mind was not blurred, and his body temperature was still the same. Every time he woke up, he would inquire about the progress of Dongjiang's rebellion. Cooperate with the Guangdong army to march towards Chaoshan.Sun Wenzhi was overjoyed and ordered to call for an award. On March 10th, he stopped injecting medicine and was in critical condition on March 11th.At noon, Sun suddenly opened his eyes and looked at the family members and comrades in front of the bed, and said: "I am going to say goodbye to you now. Bring the two manuscripts I prepared last time. I want to sign them." And the ink pen was presented, and Sun stretched out his sickly arm, and took the pen to sign the draft of the will one by one.Then the family members and comrades of Shiji: Song Qingling, Sun Ke, Zhang Renjie, Wu Jingheng, Wang Zhaoming, Song Ziwen, Kong Xiangxi, Dai Ensai, Shao Yuanchong, Dai Chuanxian, Zou Lu, Chen Youren, He Xiangning signed as witnesses in turn, and Wang Zhaoming signed the notes .
The air in the ward was solemn and quiet. Although Sun Yat-sen was weak, he still had spirit in his eyes, and made his last words in a quiet and warm tone. Sun Yat-sen said:
"I gave up Guangdong and Guangxi this time and went straight to Beijing to seek the peaceful reunification of the whole country. The method of reunification is to convene a national assembly, implement the Three People's Principles and the Five Powers Constitution, and build a new country. Now I can’t get sick, and I will die with you forever. No regrets, but it is a pity that the goals and principles of the revolution cannot be fully realized after decades of dedication to the national revolution. I hope that all comrades will work hard so that the National Assembly can be held as soon as possible, and the goals of the Three People's Principles and the Five Powers Constitution can be realized as soon as possible , then I can rest in peace under the Nine Springs."
At this point in Sun's speech, he was emotionally excited, but his breathing became more and more difficult. Because he talked too much and lost energy, he couldn't speak the following words clearly. Only a weak voice could be heard: "Peace, struggle, and save China."
The doctor thought that the patient was too hard to spend any more energy, so he asked the sick to withdraw and let Sun Yat-sen sleep quietly. At 6:30 in the evening, Sun Yat-sen woke up again. His hands and feet had become cold and he could no longer speak.After feeling the pulse, the doctor thinks that the pulse has dissipated, and he is about to die, so he must pay attention to it.At this time, Sun seemed to be wanting to speak again. Soong Ching Ling heard that she was calling Wang Zhaoming, and called Wang to the bed. Wang approached Sun's sick bed, and found that Sun's pulse was like a gossamer, his mouth was moving, and he could not speak.
At 3 a.m. the next morning, Sun Yat-sen woke up again, still unable to speak. Dr. Xu Keli made a clinical examination at 8 a.m. and thought it was the last moment. He postponed it to 9:30 a.m. and died.A great man of his generation, Sun Yat-sen, who founded the Republic of China, finally passed away at 9:30 am on March 12, 2014, leaving a chaotic China waiting for reunification.
The Beijing government issued an order on March 12:
"Sun Wen, the former interim president, advocated the republic and revived the Zhongxia. The campaign of 1911 was not successful. He was still working on the national economy and the people's livelihood. In urgent need of funds, at the beginning of his inauguration, he was urged to enter the capital. Fang Qi enjoyed his age, and worked together to raise the country's affairs. Tian Hu did not agree, and he seized the heroes! I mourned the hardships and mourned deeply. All the final ceremonies were devoted to internal affairs. The Ministry has made detailed proposals, and the work is extremely excellent, and it is in line with the country's utmost intention of advocating virtue and repaying merit. This order."
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the ruling government also decided to grant a state funeral. All government agencies across the country lowered their flags at half-mast for three memorials.
In Sun Yat-sen’s palace in Iron Lion Hutong in Beijing, comrades of the KMT who stayed in Beijing held a meeting to discuss funeral matters. Sun’s family followed the will, put antiseptic on the body, and preserved it with scientific methods.
At 12:30 on the 12th, Sun Yat-sen's body was moved to Union Hospital for embalming surgery.The Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang held a meeting in Beijing and decided to use the national system for funerals to show equality, and rejected the interim government's state funeral order.On the 15th, the embalming operation was completed, and a large coffin was held. His family members and comrades who had followed him for many years all watched Han coffin.The crying inside and outside the mourning hall was loud.
On March 19th, Sun Yat-sen's coffin was moved to the Sheji Altar in Central Park. In the early morning of that day, the crowd had already gathered outside the Xiehe Hospital. At 10 o'clock, the coffin set off. The coffins were 24 comrades who followed Sun Rijiu. They were divided into three groups of eight people in each group. Around 120,000 people along the way and young spirit guardians paid their respects. They all walked to the Sheji Altar in the Central Park to place the coffin and hang it on a certain day.
On the morning of April 2, Sun Yat-sen's coffin was placed in Biyun Temple, Xishan, Beijing.
For Sun Yat-sen's funeral, there were so many elegiac couplets sent home and abroad that it was too late to record them. However, Sun's traitor Chen Jiongming had a couplet, which is quite readable. The couplet reads:
Only a hero can live and kill, and the chief culprit will be left in history;
I have fought with my old friends once, and my public and private friendships are all known with my heart.
Chen Jiongming died of enteritis in Hong Kong on August 22, the 22nd year of the Republic of China. He was 55 years old.Before Sun Yat-sen died of illness, Chen had repented of rebelling against Sun Yat-sen. He asked Wu Zhihui to write a letter of repentance on his behalf, but Sun passed away before it was delivered.After Chen's death, Wu Zhihui had an elegiac couplet recounting his events:
There is nothing long in the body, and the history is passed down, which shows that heroes are valuable;
The letter of repentance requested ten years ago was delivered by Huang Quan, and he decided to invite his juniors as before.