Chapter 220 219. Duan Qirui entered Beijing as Regent

After the coup in Beijing, Huang Yu formed the Regency Cabinet, which was established on October 31, 2013 in less than a month, and resigned on November 23 due to the establishment of the Provisional Executive Government.The Cabinet of Regents is as follows: Prime Minister: Huang Yu Chief of Internal Affairs: Wang Yongjiang Chief Financial Officer: Huang Yu (concurrently) Minister of Foreign Affairs: Wang Zhengting Chief of the Army: Li Shucheng Chief of the Navy: Du Xigui Attorney General: Zhang Yaozeng Minister of Education: Yi Peiji Chief of Traffic: Huang Yu (concurrently) General Manager of Agriculture and Commerce: Wang Naibin

Due to the short time of the Regent Cabinet, and it is an extraordinary period, many cabinet members were reorganized before they took office after the announcement. This regency cabinet is supported by Feng Yuxiang, and there are people who are pro-KMT and the Feng faction, which is equivalent to the alliance of Sun, Zhang and Feng.But this was Feng Yuxiang's wishful thinking. Feng wanted to control the Beijing government through Huang Yu, contact the Kuomintang in the south, and contact Zhang Zuolin outside the customs. Of course, Feng Zhang would not acquiesce in Feng single-handedly controlling the regent cabinet.He tried hard, worked hard, and for the shame of Xue's defeat, now that he has made a comeback, the Zhili has collapsed, how could he give up the overall situation of the center to Feng!

Feng Zhang is a traditional soldier of old China. He is a hero of the green forest. He despises "rebellion". Therefore, he looks down on Feng Yuxiang at all, so he will not ignore the Beijing government.In addition, Duan Qirui of the Anhui Clique was not willing to give in. He was forced to step down by the Zhili Clan, and the anti-Zhili triangular alliance (Sun Yat-sen, Duan and Zhang) centered on Duan.Now that the direct line has collapsed, Beiyang's center of gravity is still Duan. Without Duan Qirui, Beijing's power cannot be balanced.Feng didn't want to invite this old grand teacher here because he didn't want to have a mother-in-law. However, the situation is stronger than others, and Feng's wishful thinking will not work.

Wang Yongjiang, Chief of Internal Affairs of the Regency Cabinet, is an important figure under Fengzhang. He is a native of Dalian and a wise financier. easy.After the first Zhifeng war, the Feng faction was defeated and withdrew from the customs, and Wang Yongjiang was able to devote himself to training troops.Around the 10th year of the Republic of China, Wang Yongjiang was able to set up Northeastern University in the Northeast, select students of science and engineering to study abroad (one from each county), and set up a Fengtian Textile Factory with more than 200,000 spindles, and also built a Shenyang-Hailong Railway (and South full railway parallel), this is a remarkable achievement.Wang did not go to Beijing to take office because the regent cabinet was short-lived.

The anti-zhi triangular alliance did not have any achievements in this Zhifeng war. Instead, the triangular alliance of Duan, Zhang, and Feng had an effect.It is said that during the secret contact, the three factions made an appointment with each other, and the division of power in the future was straightened out: (1) Fengjun was not allowed to enter the customs. (2) Duan Qirui is not allowed to appoint an old member of the Anfu Department. (3) The National Army sponsored various factions to convene a meeting in Tianjin to resolve the current situation. However, this secret agreement may be a legend, because after the collapse of the Zhili lineage, Feng Junchang drove into the pass, and galloped to Beijing and Tianjin, and glared at the National Army (a force newly formed by Feng Yuxiang) in the outskirts of Zhilu.As for Duan Qirui in Tianjin, he was surrounded by the remnants of the Anfu faction.

Huang Yu's regency cabinet appointed Hu Jingyi as the governor of Henan, and Sun Yue as the governor of Henan. The two armies of Hu and Sun would go south along the Beijing-Han Railway to monitor the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.Faced with the new situation in the north, the provinces on the Yangtze River had to make their own plans. On November 10, 2013, important figures from the eight provinces of Jiangsu, Hubei, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Anhui, and Henan and the navy convened a meeting in Nanjing to decide Qi Xieyuan, Xiao Yaonan, and Sun Chuanfang led a joint call to invite Duan Qirui to come out.

Zhang Zuolin arrived in Tianjin on November 17, and immediately invited Feng Yuxiang to Tianjin to meet with Duan Qirui. The meeting between Duan, Zhang, and Feng was the famous Tianjin meeting after the defeat of the Zhili Clique. The first decision of the Tianjin meeting was to invite Duan Qirui to Beijing to preside over government affairs. Duan Qirui said that he would only come out of the mountain if he had power, and both Zhang and Feng said they would never obey orders.In fact, although Duan insisted on full power, in fact he had to accommodate the Feng Faction and the National Army.In order to perfunctory Zhang Zuolin, he advocated the selection of Lu Yongxiang to lead the Fengjun Zhang Zongchang and Wu Guangxin to go south along the Jinpu Railway and capture Nanjing.At the same time, it is recognized that the national army will develop from the south of Jinghan Road to Henan and Hubei.

The eight provinces of Soviet Union, Hubei, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Anhui, and Henan opposed the southward movement of the northern forces in a joint defense posture, as if confronting the Feng faction and the national army. Since Duan Qirui was supported by Zhang and Feng, he also To be recommended by the eight southeastern provinces is of course the only suitable person.Therefore, Duan emphasized peace to Zhang and Feng at the Tianjin meeting, not to use troops against the southeast, and at the same time to send personnel to the south to dredge the provinces of the Yangtze River, please do not act rashly.

On November 17, Wu Peifu issued a report in Hankou, organizing the so-called military government in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the provinces of the Yangtze River. This also prompted the Tianjin Conference to actively seek a coordinated action, and prompted Duan Qirui to enter Beijing as soon as possible. Since Duan Qirui retired from the political arena in Beijing after the defeat of Zhiwan in the 9th year of the Republic of China, he has been reclusive in Tianjin.He was originally the orthodox heir of the Beiyang warlords after Yuan Shikai's death, but because he was obsessed with unifying China by force, he used troops against Hunan, which led to the separation of the Zhi and Anhui clans.Now that it is making a comeback, it no longer has the ambition and spirit it used to have.

Duan Qirui accepted the provisional ruling of the Republic of China at the Tianjin Conference, and issued a telegram on November 21, 2013, announcing the major policies after taking office: "(Title abbreviated) The republic was founded for ten or three years. Fighting with each other, until the age of no peace. Taming to the head of a country, election with bribes, moral decline, law and order abolished, never tired of seeking, households are fresh and hidden, water Droughts prevail, the wilderness is full of hunger, the country's veins are extremely withered, and the people's hardships are deep. The legal system has been corrupted and cannot be followed, but it is advisable to change it when the poor are changing. It is appropriate to look at the general situation from the outside, and to observe the people's hearts from the inside. Reform is enough to fix the chaos of the moment and start a century-old career. Qirui has been in charge of the great government, and there is no help for the hardships and dangers. The horns are entwined and straight to the north. If you want to levy a boat, you will throw it all away, and if you are detained, you will be empty. The soldiers who have been trained for a long time are used to fry each other. The people are so innocent. Fortunately, all parties are in the robes and advocate peace. , Refuse to bribe members, justice is achieved. The revolution is over, a thousand things are waiting to be done, the center is lacking, and it is declining. Entered the capital on November 24th to take up the post of interim ruling of the Republic of China, organize an interim government, and temporarily maintain order. The unity of the country has long been hoped, and public opinion tends to be innovative. I am willing to meet with the people of the world with sincerity and determine the state of the country together. For example, the formulation of a national constitution, the promotion of a provincial constitution, the revision of the military system, the reclamation of the frontier, the consolidation of finances, the development of education, the revitalization of industries, the development of transportation, and the relief of people's livelihood must be done with the minds and talents of the people of the whole country. Two kinds of conferences are planned to be organized. One is the aftermath conference, which aims to solve the current situation disputes and prepare the construction plan. It is a precedent for the meeting to solve all fundamental problems and to gather within three months. The rules of the meeting will be announced after the aftermath meeting is agreed. The day when the meeting is completed is the time for Qi Rui to relinquish responsibility. I want to advocate the principle of conscience, I hope it will be a thorough reform, and I would like to declare the liver and heart, and hope to express my innocence. Gentlemen of the state, I am fortunate to teach you. Duan Qirui. Ma. "

Duan Qirui took a special train from Tianjin to Beijing on November 23, 2013, and was greeted by Feng Yuxiang and Huang Yu at the station.The next day, Duan was sworn in as the interim ruling government of the Republic of China in the auditorium of the Ministry of War, and announced the six provisions of the provisional ruling government system of the Republic of China: Article 1: The provisional government of the Republic of China shall be in charge of the military and civilian affairs, and command the navy and army. Article 2: The provisional power shall be the representative of the Republic of China to foreign countries. Article 3: The interim government appoints state servants to assist in the interim governance and handling of state affairs. Orders of the Provisional Government and documents related to state affairs shall be counter-signed by state officials. Article 4: Temporary government officials are assigned to the ministries of foreign affairs, internal affairs, finance, army, navy, justice, education, agriculture and commerce, and transportation. Article 5: Temporary ruling convenes state affairs ministers to hold a state affairs meeting. Article 6: This system will come into effect on the date of promulgation, and will be abolished once the official government is established. After Duan Qirui took office, he announced the cabinet list as follows: Interim ruling: Duan Qirui Chief of Internal Affairs: Gong Xinzhan Chief Financial Officer: Li Sihao Minister of Foreign Affairs: Tang Shaoyi Chief of Army: Wu Guangxin Chief of the Navy: Lin Jianzhang Attorney General: Zhang Shizhao Director of Education: Wang Jiuling Chief of Traffic: Ye Gongchuo General Manager of Agriculture and Commerce: Yang Shukan The executive government is located in the Ministry of War, and the secretary office of the executive government is located in the adjacent navy department. The secretary-general is Liang Hongzhi. The Provisional Executive Government is a transitional organization that governs military and civilian affairs and commands the army and navy.There is no cabinet prime minister and a democratic centralization system is implemented. Cooperating with the provisional executive government, the National Congress established an extraordinary meeting, which was composed of members of Congress who did not participate in the election of Cao Kun. It was announced on November 25 through the organizational outline, a total of 11 items are as follows: Article 1: This meeting is organized by members of the National Assembly who did not participate in the illegal presidential election on October 5, 12. Article 2: This meeting formulates all temporary regulations and resolves important political events. Article 3: This meeting shall not be held unless members from more than 14 provinces are present. The electoral districts of Mongolia, Tibet, Qinghai, and Overseas Chinese are divided into provinces. Article 4: Deliberations of this meeting shall be decided by more than half of the non-voting members. Article 5: The conference shall have an administrative committee member, who shall perform all affairs, and shall be filled by one person elected from among the provincial councilors. Article 6: The chairman of the meeting shall be served by the administrative committee member in turn. Article 7: The conference may set up various committees. Article 8: The conference shall set up a secretarial office to handle affairs under the order of the administrative committee. Article 9: This meeting shall end when the official representatives of public opinion are fully established. Article 10: This Outline has more than 10 joint signatures of councilors to propose amendments, which shall be resolved by more than two-thirds of the non-voting delegates. Article 11: This Outline shall come into force on the date of announcement of the resolution. After taking office, Duan Qirui ignored the opposition of the majority of Chinese people, especially the Kuomintang, and decided to hold an aftermath meeting. According to Article 2 of the Organizational Regulations for the Aftermath Meeting, he invited them respectively. Those who were qualified to serve the country in terms of the first item were Sun Yat-sen and Sun Yat-sen. Li Yuanhong and Duan called Sun and Li respectively on January 1, 2014, and the telegram said: "Mr. Sun Yat-sen in Beijing and Mr. Li Songqing in Tianjin: It has been thirteen years since the founding of the Republic of China. It is the beginning of the founding of the Republic of China. They have shared the responsibility of hardship. Since its inception until now, the country is poor and the people are poor, and the army is too many. I live alone and think deeply, and it is difficult to rest in bed. Therefore, I don’t hesitate to work hard, don’t avoid hardships and dangers, and take on important tasks temporarily, hoping to do my best. It is an urgent matter now, to treat the symptoms first, and to solve the Dafa first. To treat the symptoms, the National Representatives Conference is to cure the root. The aftermath meeting regulations have been announced before, and we plan to invite inspections! Now we plan to hold a meeting in Beijing before February 1 this year. Please come and discuss the big plan. If I can't attend because of something, so I beg Xun to send a plenipotentiary representative to attend the meeting. The people's livelihood is haggard, and the country's situation depends on the mausoleum. The organization of the public will of the people, in order to conform to the will of the people. Merge the attached documents, hope for the restoration, and pray for nothing. Qirui." On the same day, they also telegraphed the Shanghai branch to Tang Shaoyi, Zhang Binglin, and Cen Chunxuan. The telegram said: "Mr. Tang Shaochuan, Zhang Taiyan, and Cen Yunjie from Shanghai: The aftermath meeting regulations have been announced before, and we plan to invite inspections. This meeting is specially set up for sorting out military, financial and construction plans, and it is for the promotion of the national representative meeting. In essence. , that is to communicate the intentions of all parties, and the provinces and the whole country will jointly seek a peaceful reunification, and plan to hold a meeting in Beijing before February 1 this year. I always admire my father who loves the Republic of China, shares weal and woe, is academically profound, rich in experience, and upright It has been popular for a long time. Please Huiran is willing to come and discuss the big plan together. As far as the fundamental law of the country is concerned, the national representative conference should be organized according to the horse electric power, and it should be resolved by the public opinion of the people of the whole country, so as to conform to the will of the people. The special telegram issued Conjecture, that is, hope to reply. Qi Ruidong" Another call to Wang Shizhen and others, Dian Yun: "Beijing Wang Pinqing, Wang Jingwei, Huang Yingbai, Xiong Bingsan, Zhao Cishan, Hu Shizhi, Li Yinquan, Pan Lishan, Wu Zesheng, Liu Weizhai, Yang Changqing, Shao Cigong, Peng Linjiu, Li Boxhen, Tang Feiyu, Lin Zongmeng, Tianjin Zhang Jingyu, Yan Fansun , Liang Zhuoru, Zhu Guishen, Yang Linge, Rao Miseng, Shanghai Wang Zhucun, Yang Cangbai, Chu Huiseng, Yu Qiaqing, Hong Kong Liang Yansun, Mr. Zhu Jian: The aftermath conference regulations have been announced before, and we invite inspections. This meeting is dedicated to sorting out military and financial affairs It is set up to discuss and discuss construction plans, and to promote the National Representative Conference. In essence, it is to communicate the ideas of all parties, and the provinces and the whole country will work together to seek peaceful reunification. It is planned to hold the meeting in Beijing before February 1 this year. Su Yang, my father has profound academic knowledge, rich experience, integrity and integrity, and has been popular for a long time. Please be willing to come and discuss major plans. It is the fundamental law of the country. It should be organized according to the national representative meeting of the horse electrician. It is resolved in accordance with the will of the people. The special telegram is issued, and the reply is hoped. Qi Ruidong." Duan Bing sent a telegram to the corporation cloud in each province and region: "Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Hankou General Chambers of Commerce, as well as the Provincial Councils, Provincial Education Associations, Provincial General Chambers of Commerce, and Provincial Farmers' Associations of all provinces, districts, and districts have learned from the provisions of Article 6 of the Regulations on the Aftermath Conference. A special committee should be established to review the proposals submitted by the conference. , and can attend the report and state their opinions. It is hereby decided to hire members of the following organizations as members: (1) one chairman of the provincial council. (two) one chairman of the provincial education association. (three) one chairman of the provincial general chamber of commerce. (four ) One chairman of the Provincial Farmers Association. (5) One chairman of the General Chamber of Commerce in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Hankou. (6) Each special zone is the same as the province. I look forward to going to Beijing to attend the meeting as soon as possible, and I look forward to calling the names and travel dates of those who will go to Beijing in advance. Duan Qiruiyan." Sun Yat-sen has always opposed the holding of the aftermath conference, believing that the aftermath conference cannot represent all parties and strata in the country, so it is not an institution to solve state affairs. Therefore, when Duan Qirui decided to hold the aftermath conference, the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang issued a declaration stating that The convening of the aftermath meeting cannot be agreed. The Kuomintang manifesto reads as follows: "On November 13th last year, the Prime Minister of our party issued a declaration on the current situation, advocating the holding of a national assembly to resolve the current situation, and a preparatory meeting first to agree on the basic conditions of the national assembly, the date of convening, and the method of election. etc. The constituents of the preparatory meeting are modern industrial groups, chambers of commerce, education associations, universities, student federations in various provinces, peasant associations, and labor unions, all of which jointly oppose Cao Wu's armies and political parties. The constituents of the National Assembly are the same as it. However, the election method and number of people are more complicated and dense than the preparatory meeting, in order to obtain real public opinion. Since the announcement of the declaration, various public groups at home and abroad have responded in groups, with letters and telegrams, and the disclosure of newspapers, which is widely seen by the people of the country. The promotion meeting of the conference was more vigorous and active. The declaration advocated that the people’s psychology is the same, which can be proved. The aftermath conference and the National Representative Conference convened by the Provisional Government, the organization method of the National Representative Conference is unknown? As for As for the conditions for the aftermath meeting, its organizational method is not based on people's organizations. Therefore, the prime minister of our party replied to the provisional government on January 17 and proposed two conditions: First, the aftermath meeting should join modern industrial groups, chambers of commerce, and education associations , universities, provincial student federations, peasant associations, trade unions and other representatives. Second, although the aftermath meeting can discuss military financial issues, the final decision should rest with the National Assembly. It also stated that if the provisional executive government can accommodate These two conditions should be agreed to the aftermath meeting. This is the maximum concession made by the prime minister of our party to the interim government. On the 29th, the interim government's reply telegram failed to accommodate these two conditions, and this The party's prime minister was ill and unable to make decisions on general affairs in person. Therefore, the Central Executive Committee took the party's prime minister's will into account and decided not to agree with the aftermath conference. Read the party's prime minister's declaration on November 13 and January 17 Those who reply should know that this resolution is the inevitable result of our party. However, there are still people in our party who should solemnly inform the interim government and the people: the prime minister of our party replied on January 17, and one side expresses a firm attitude of respecting public opinion , one party expressed the spirit of making considerable concessions to the provisional government. Our party still adheres to this firm and concessional purpose, and strives to fully express the true public opinion, and regard it as the highest organ to solve the current situation. This party should do its best to , to make it happen by watching Jue."