Chapter 216 215. The Second Battle of Zhifeng

An earth-shattering event happened in the second Zhifeng War, that is, Feng Yuxiang defected, causing the Zhijun to be defeated.To talk about Feng's defection in detail, we have to go back to the first Zhifeng War. In the first Zhifeng War, Feng Yuxiang made a lot of contributions, because he led the army to rush from Shaanxi to Henan, which helped to solve Zhao Ti, and he was rewarded for his merits, and he sat on the throne of Henan Governor.However, as soon as he entered Kaifeng, he solved Bao Dequan.Bao Dequan is the teacher under Zhao Ti, secretly accepting Wu Peifu's order to maintain the law and order in Kaifeng.Wu Lingbao assisted in Henan military affairs.When Wu Peifu heard the news of Bao's killing, he was extremely shocked and dissatisfied with Feng Da, so he withdrew Feng from his position as the governor of Henan.When Feng heard the news, he asked Zhang Shaozeng and Zhang Tinge to find a way. The two had a good impression of Feng at the time.He really wanted to take care of Feng's cheeks, but he knew that it was extremely difficult for Wu to turn around in his rage, so he jointly sent a telegram to Cao to express his feelings, and Cao Nai sent a telegram to Wu and Feng Yuxiang to Jinjing.After Feng entered Beijing, Cao Sui announced that Feng was the reviewer of the army and still served as the commander of the 11th Division. Although Feng lost the Henan Governor, he changed to a reviewer, which was not bad at all.

Before Cao Kun bribed the election, he had to force Li Yuanhong to step down.Among the activists of the Cao Cao faction, Feng Yuxiang took the lead and demanded military pay from Li Yuanhong. Army officers surrounded the presidential palace and the State Council every day. So some people say that Cao Kun bribed the three major heroes, one is Feng Yuxiang, the other is Wang Chengbin, and the third is Wu Jinglian. After Cao Kun took office as president, Feng Yigong gradually showed a disrespectful attitude.At that time, the Prime Minister had not yet been produced, and the Secretary-General of the State Council, Zhang Tinge, served as the liaison between the government and the court.There was no Lantern Festival after the Lunar New Year, one day Feng Yuxiang found Zhang Ting'e, and he said: "Brother Zhiqing (Zhang Ting's word), please accompany me to see the president." Zhang Ting'e thought he was a courtesy caller, so he accompanied him to see Cao .After seeing Cao, Feng said solemnly: "On the first day of the new year, the guards of the Presidential Palace beat up the soldiers. Does the President know? If the President knows but does not act, it is the President's protection; if the President does not know , I was deceived by others." When Feng said this, Zhang Tinge was taken aback, how could this be a soldier's attitude towards the president's speech.Although Cao Kun was born as a cloth dealer, he has held many important positions after all, and he has seen a lot of the world, not to mention that he is now the president. He was amiable and amiable when Feng reported. He opened his eyes, sat upright and said to Feng: "Huanzhang, the presidential guard beat up the soldiers on the first day of junior high school. As senior officials, why don't you thoroughly investigate and punish the bad elements who caused the trouble? I am the president, and I need to do this kind of trivial matter." Deal with it? When did I intercede with you and protect the guards of the Presidential Palace?" Feng touched a big nail and was speechless, so Zhang Tinge had to smooth things over and said: "We will follow the president's instructions immediately. Huanzhang belongs to the president. The subordinates treat the president like a father, and may speak too aggressively, please forgive me." From this we can see that Feng's attitude is quite unruly.

After Sizhaotang appointed generals, Feng Yuxiang had other intentions.He asked to be paid first before he could start. Wu was furious when he heard this. Wu said: "Soldiers are approaching the city. Can't we fight without paying? Pay!" Feng Bu also asked for more vehicles, and Wu Yun allocated 40 vehicles.Feng Yuxiang adopted a step-by-step strategy, stretching from Beijing to the front line to form a long tower-shaped line. There were only a few scouts scattered in the front, and the troops were thicker as they went to the rear. In fact, Feng Yuxiang had secretly established a secret relationship with Feng Zhang. Because Feng Jun had secretly hooked up with Feng Yuxiang, he was not very active in the military.After responding to the Zhejiang-Luzhou telegram "leading troops into the customs" on September 4th, it began to advance towards Chaoyang on September 15th. The direct army guarding Chaoyang is Wang Huaiqing's department, and Mi Zhenbiao's department of Yijun As a supplement.After the Feng army invaded Chaoyang, they did not advance quickly.

As for the direct army, the first ones to go out of Shanhaiguan are the main force of the direct army. Peng Shouxin, Dong Zhengguo, and Wang Weicheng are all generals under Wu Peifu.The Wang Huaiqing Department of the second road is the weakest link in the three roads.The third route out of Gubeikou is headed by Feng Bu Zhang Zhijiang, Li Mingzhong, Lu Zhonglin and others.Sun Yue acted as the commander-in-chief of the Gyeonggi garrison, and Cao Rui was the director of military supplies. In the second Zhifeng War, although both sides dispatched more than 200,000 troops each, the battle on the battlefield was not fierce, because Feng Zhang had secretly communicated with Feng Yuxiang, while Feng Yuxiang delayed the military plane and waited for time.When Wu Peifu was stationed in Beijing, Feng Yuxiang naturally did not dare to do anything. He only sent Liu Ruming and others to secretly investigate the exact number of Wu troops going to the front line, waiting for all Wu troops to be transferred to the front line.

After the fall of Chaoyang, Wu Peifu replaced the former enemy commander-in-chief Liu Fu and deputy commander-in-chief Gong Hanzhi of the Second Route Army. The Feng army has always been on the offensive, sending planes to drop bombs on Shanhaiguan, while the Zhi army was ordered to take a defensive position.Wu Peifu's trick is to secretly adjust the Bohai Fleet to concentrate on Qinhuangdao, use the navy to attack Huludao, and use surprise troops to go around the sea and land from Yingkou to attack Shenyang.So he sat quietly in the city of Beijing, taking his time in Sizhao Hall, drinking wine and composing poems.

However, the military situation in the front was not conducive to the direct army, and Cao Kun felt lucky that Wu Peifu was in Beijing, so he urged Cao Kun to urge Wu to go to the front to command the military.Cao's left and right said: "If you are the commander-in-chief in Beijing, who will do it!" Of course, it was not the anti-Wu faction under Cao Kun who forced Wu Peifu to go to the front line, but the unfavorable battle situation on the front line, and the naval raid plan was hindered. What Wu did not expect was that Bohai Commander Wen Shude did not work hard for Wu. .So Wang Chengbin, the deputy commander-in-chief of the Wu sent against the rebel army, led the rear reinforcements to Gubeikou on October 3, acting as the commander-in-chief to fight against the attacking Fengjun Li Jinglin.However, Wu was wrong again this time, because Wang Chengbin had already secretly connected with Feng Yuxiang, and he had already joined the anti-Wu faction, so naturally he would not fight tough battles on the front line.

The first direct army to defect was Feng Yurong, commander of the 13th Mixed Brigade guarding the Ninth Gate, and his troops retreated without a fight.At 9:00 p.m. on October 11, Wu Peifu took the special car of the Commander-in-Chief of the Rebel Army, and set off from Zhengyangmen, Beijing, and went straight to Shanhaiguan.Personnel from the headquarters of the rebellious army accompanied the car, as well as more than 100 foreign attachés and journalists who watched the battle. When Wu Peifu went to the front line, it was also when rumors were flying in the sky in Beijing. The front battle reports were not conducive to the direct army. There were rumors that the commander of the First Army Peng Shouxin was killed in battle, and there were rumors that a certain army mutinied, but these were all unreliable news.

At 4:30 a.m. on October 12, 2013, Wu Peifu's special car arrived at Shanhaiguan and stopped near the Great Wall. Wu Peifu led his staff and guards to the front line to inspect the battle on the Great Wall.At this time, the two armies of Zhi and Feng fought fiercely, rumbling cannons shook the earth, and gunpowder smoke rose slowly. The news of Wu Peifu's going to the front spread throughout the direct army, which greatly encouraged the morale of the army. Feng Yurong, who was informed, heard that Wu had arrived at the front, so he committed suicide in fear of crime.Wu Sui directly dispatched the Thirteenth Mixed Brigade, and built another position to stabilize his position.

After Wu personally went to the front, the headquarters of the rebel army was set up in Wu's special car.The troops directly under the Wu headquarters set up tents in the station.Wu got up early every day and went out for inspections with his staff members down to the chief of staff. Sometimes he cruised on the flagship led by the commander of the Bohai Fleet, Wen Shude, and commanded the navy to bombard Huludao.It's just that the navy is not cooperating enough, so it can't receive the effect of a surprise attack.Therefore, the battle plan was changed, and all efforts were made to deal with the right wing of the Feng army, and Zhang Fulai, the commander-in-chief of the reinforcement army, was ordered to lead heavy troops to restore the narrow Jiumenkou.

The Feng army launched an air strike over Qinhuangdao. The formation of four or seven Feng army planes continued to circle and bomb, but the damage was not serious.The reason why the Feng army attacked Qinhuangdao was because Qinhuangdao was the center of Zhifang's navy. At that time, many fleets were moored in the waters of Qinhuangdao. There are more than 20 foreign warships, the rudders face each other, and there are many masts.On the shore, there are many troops gathered, and the exchanges are tense. When Wu was supervising the battle at the front, he paid close attention to Feng Yuxiang's actions.Feng himself stood still in Huairou, tending to sit back and watch the success or failure. Wu ordered Zhang Fangyan, the chief of staff, to send a telegram to urge the troops to rush to the front line. "This sentence was originally an ordinary sentence with a strong accent, but when it was subtle, there was a problem with this sentence.Although Feng Yuxiang had secretly communicated with Feng Zhang, he did intend to sit back and watch the success or failure, he would only dare to act when the Zhijun had a sign of defeat.After Wu went to the front line, Feng was hesitant. He was afraid that Wu would win the battle at the front line. Once he started, Wu led his troops back to Beijing to quell the chaos, and he would be finished.So he was waiting for the opportunity to move, and the information he got came from the headquarters of the Zhijun, which meant that victory was in sight; from the Japanese side, it was said that the Zhijun was at a disadvantage and the front line was in danger.When he received a call from Wu's chief of staff to urge the army to advance, he believed that the possibility of the direct army's failure had increased, so he made up his mind to "turn over."Moved back to the front to return to Beijing, and set a fire behind Wu Peifu.

On the evening of October 23, 2013, Feng Yuxiang led his army to withdraw from the front and returned to Beijing. The situation on the Zhifeng battlefield changed greatly. On the morning of the 24th, Wu Peifu was still unaware of the sudden change in the rear. He took the time to lead his staff to Jiumenkou to supervise the battle. The morale of the direct army's front line improved.At noon, Wu Peifu's Japanese advisor Masujiro Okano received the most urgent telegrams from Beijing and Tianjin. The contents were similar, saying that "Feng Yuxiang, the commander of the Third Army of the Rebel Army, will withdraw from the battlefield at 6:00 p.m. on the 23rd." , invaded Beijing without a gun battle, launched a coup, President Cao Kun has lost his freedom, the situation in Beijing is unknown, and great changes are brewing." The people who participated in the coup listed in the telegram are all directly related tycoons, including Feng Yuxiang, Wang Chengbin, Wang Huaiqing, Hu Jingyi, Sun Yue Wait. Okano Zenjiro received these telegrams, and immediately went to see Wu's favorite, Bai Jianwu, the head of the political affairs department of the headquarters, and showed the telegrams to Bai.At that time, the information was very confusing and rumors were flying everywhere, so Bai Jianwu was quite skeptical when he saw these telegrams.He believed that Feng Yuxiang's rebellion was possible, but the rebellion team was so large, and these people each had their own backgrounds and plans, it seemed impossible to combine them together, so it was judged that the information was unreliable.Bai Jianwu's political vigilance is really not high enough, and Okano sees that Bai insists on his own opinion, so he doesn't argue with Bai. When Wu Peifu returned to Qinhuangdao headquarters from the front line, Okano submitted these telegrams to Wu for review, and at the same time indicated that a certain telegram was sent by the Japanese embassy, ​​a certain telegram was sent by the Japanese garrison in Beijing, and a certain telegram was sent by the Japanese garrison commander in Tianjin. The communiqué of the Ministry, so the reliability is very reliable. At that time, most of the Beiyang warlords had Japanese advisors, that is to say, in terms of the Zhifeng Second Line, Zhang Zuolin had Japanese advisors, and Wu Peifu also had Japanese advisors. Although the Zhifeng Army fought, there were connections between advisors and advisors. There are connections, and the Japanese legation has connections with embassies in various places. In this way, the Japanese are well aware of all parts of China and the dynamics of the great warlords.They are betting that they are not on one side, and that both sides are in contact.In fact, both Zhang Zuolin and Wu Peifu have strong national values ​​and are not completely held hostage by the Japanese. However, for their vested interests, the Japanese must collude with the powerful faction in China. When Wu Peifu saw Okano's telegram, he immediately believed it was possible because he didn't trust Feng Yuxiang.He is said to have said to Okano and his staff at the time: "This incident can also be said to be within my expectations, because before the dispatch of troops this time, Old Feng asked me to send him as a patrol envoy to the three eastern provinces after the Feng family was settled down. I told him: The Northeast has a special relationship with Japan, and our diplomacy with Japan is delicate, so the appointment of the patrol envoys of the three provinces in the Northeast cannot ignore Japan's movements. You have always been considered a pro-American faction, and the Japanese are the most taboo, so it is very inappropriate to go to the Northeast , but to reward your military exploits, the country has a lot of fame and status, I will definitely consider other positions, and you will be satisfied. What I said is also from the bottom of my heart. Maybe because Feng failed to achieve his goal, he secretly informed the enemy. In fact He asked me for military expenses, and I already paid 100,000 yuan, which was later increased to 150,000 yuan. He reluctantly accepted the order and led his troops to Gubeikou. Many people suggested to me that Feng’s commander of the Third Route Army should be relieved of future troubles. The president interceded for Feng, but the plan to exempt Feng was not carried out. When Feng went to the front line in Gubeikou, he used the advantage of the enemy and asked for a million rounds of rifle ammunition. I was even more worried about Feng, so I did not send him. I was in the headquarters, unable to sleep at night, tossing and turning, turning right to think about how to dispose of Zhang Zuolin, and turning left to think about Feng Yuxiang’s possible betrayal. Now unfortunately, as expected, thinking of allocating Feng’s war fee of 150,000 yuan that day, It’s really not worth it.” Wu sighed and threw Okano's three-way telegram on the public case. He was still calm at the time and asked everyone to keep this incident a secret so as not to shake the hearts of the frontline troops. At this time, Wu was in a situation where the house was leaking and it was raining overnight. A day earlier, the commander of the Japanese Garrison in Tianjin, Akira Yoshioka, had issued a notice that the direct army was not allowed to use the Qinhuangdao Wharf when it retreated. This notice also reached Wu at the same time. It was the only available pier for the Wu army to retreat, and the Japanese made it worse. At the same time, the forward of Zhang Zongchang of the Fengjun Army was the Heilongjiang Cavalry Brigade led by the Japanese Yongcavalry Shao Zuo, who had gone south to the Luan River Basin, cutting off the rear of the Zhijun Army.Wu Jun was attacked by the enemy, and he could not use the only pier by sea. The situation was extremely critical. On the morning of the 25th, Wu Peifu led senior staff officers to the front line of Jiumenkou to supervise the battle. After returning to the headquarters at noon, he immediately convened an emergency military meeting in the commander's room. plan. At 6:00 p.m. that day, 3,000 troops were transported to the south, and the train of the general headquarters left Qinhuangdao at 8:00 p.m.The frontline military is divided into three major defense lines. Zhang Fulai is in charge of the front line of Qinhuangdao, Peng Shouxin is in charge of the front line of Changli, and Jin Yune is in charge of the front line of Luanzhou.Wu himself took a special car from the headquarters with a regiment of guards, and galloped back south in the starry night.With a heavy heart and tired body, I stayed up all night. At 11 am on October 26, the train arrived in Tianjin. The Zhijun's fortifications on the front line are not bad. There are five solid trenches covered with steel plates that cannot be attacked by cannons.However, Fengfang seized the opportunity to launch psychological warfare and dispatched a large number of planes to airdrop leaflets on the direct army positions. The leaflets contained news of the coup in Beijing, including telegrams from Feng Yuxiang, Sun Yue, and Hu Jingyi, demanding a truce and punishment of the leaders of the war.The other part is the news of Fengjun's persuasion to surrender, emphasizing that the direct army's way back has been cut off, the commander has fled, and the only way to survive is to surrender. Fengfang's leaflets are everywhere in the trenches of the Zhijun Army. The Zhijun Army is dubious, and the morale of the army is shaken. Zhang Zongchang, whom Wu Peifu looked down upon, became the "arrogant" on the battlefield at this time. If the troops he led were very fashionable today, they could be called "foreign legions", including Belarusian soldiers who had changed their nationality to Chinese. Army, as well as Japanese, Korean, and French soldiers. It is said that these "foreign soldiers" have participated in the European War, are proficient in new tactics, and are good at fighting without military discipline.Zhang Zuolin put Zhang Zongchang at the forefront. He was supposed to be cannon fodder, but unexpectedly, he was fulfilled.He led this wandering army of 16,000 people to break through the defense line of the Zhijun. Zhang Jun entered Jianchang camp, contacted Hu Jingyi, the defected direct army, and pursued Dong Zhengguo in Luanzhou. On October 27th, Zhang Zongchang and Hu Jingyi occupied Luanzhou and cut the Zhijun into two sections. On the one hand, they went south and Yuguan Fengjun surrounded the Zhijun in Qinhuangdao and Shanhaiguan.Cutting off the traffic between Yu and Tianjin, Zhang Fulai was defeated. At the same time, Wu Guangxin of the Feng army occupied Haiyang and bombarded Qinhuangdao. Zhang Xueliang rushed in from the lower part of the Great Wall. On October 30, Fengjun captured Qinhuangdao and Shanhaiguan on three routes.A part of the Zhijun took reincarnation to Tanggu, and more than 20,000 troops were disarmed.The direct army outside the pass fled the front line one after another and gathered at the station. At this time, the trains could no longer start, and the stragglers fled to Qinhuangdao. Qinhuangdao had fallen, and armaments and food were piled up everywhere. On October 31, the direct army from Shanhaiguan to Tangshan had completely lost its ability to resist. The Feng Yuxiang and Hu Jingyi armies on the Beijing side echoed each other, and the Zhi army was almost completely surrounded by the Feng army and the Feng and Hu armies. On November 4, the Feng army occupied Tanggu, and Wu Peifu had led the remnant troops to leave Tanggu by ship the day before. At this time, the direct army's resistance had all been suspended. On the 5th, Zhang Zongchang and Wu Guangxin entered Tianjin first, and Fengjun brigades also arrived one after another, and all the remaining troops of the Zhijun Army in Tianjin were disarmed.The second Zhifeng war came to an end. The second Zhifeng war, from the brewing to the battle to the end, two months before and after, the Zhijun suffered a terrible defeat, which Wu Peifu could not have dreamed of. In the second Zhifeng War, the Zhijun completely collapsed. Of course, the fatal factor was that Feng Yuxiang, Hu Jingyi and Sun Yue turned back and returned to the division.However, the Zhijun also has many disadvantages compared to the Fengjun. According to the comprehensive opinions of foreign military officers who visited the Shanhaiguan front, it is believed that: (1) Fengzhang adopted a purely new style of warfare, while Wu Peifu still used the old style of warfare. (2) In terms of logistics, the Feng army had already prepared for it, with sufficient supplies and equipment; (3) There are a lot of mortars in the Feng army, and they use the high-arc aiming method to form a triangle and go straight into the trenches of the straight army. (4) The planes used by Fengjun to soar in the sky are all new models, and the machine guns and cannons are newly purchased from Russia and Germany. (5) When the Zhijun army retreated, the young army recruited by Wu Peifu actually dug small trenches behind the formation and bombarded the retreating Zhijun army, so the Zhijun army suffered heavy casualties. (6) The soldiers of Fengjun are cold-resistant and have a complete set of cotton clothes and quilts. The Zhijun army lacks equipment and cannot endure the cold. These are of course analyzed from a military point of view, but Wu Peifu himself has his own shortcomings: First, although Wu is interested in politics, he does not understand politics.In fact, with his prestige, reputation and power at that time, he could join hands with all parties and at the same time divide other forces. Why did he force these forces to gather together.Within the direct lineage, although he represented integrity, he was too domineering, which contributed to the alienation of senior cadres.He often compares himself to Guan Yu, but he does resemble Guan Yu in his lack of political skill.Second, he also made mistakes in strategy when using troops against Feng this time.Wu's specialty is blitzkrieg, and the defense is empty. If he wins, he will chase north, and if he loses, he will retreat without grounds.When Cao sent a telegram that arrived immediately within the time limit and ordered Wu to return to his teacher to calm down, Wu couldn't bear to let his efforts fall short because the battle ahead was intense and the victory or defeat depended on Russia.He thought that although Feng turned against him, other people would not agree with Feng, and he wanted Sun Yue and other troops to fight the battle first. At the same time, he sent an urgent call to Lu Du Zheng Shiqi to send troops to fight. Who knows that Zheng Zao and the Anhui Department made money, and Shandong only had a mixed brigade commander Pan Hongjun voluntarily went to help. Pan was a fellow of Wu, so he was obliged to do so, but this power was of no help, and they were all surrounded and disarmed by Feng's troops. At that time, there was a slogan that you should overthrow Wu but not Cao, and Wu had heard a little bit about it. He thought that Cao Kun was a good old man, and probably others would not do evil to Cao.So when Cao counted the electricity for a day and summoned him hoarsely, he thought that Cao could order to stop Feng Jun's abnormal movements.But when he confirmed that Feng, Hu Jingyi, Sun Yue, Wang Chengbin and others had joined forces, he returned to the army in a hurry. The train drove seven hundred miles overnight and rushed back to Tianjin.Leave the front military to the brave Zhang Fulai.However, it was too late, and there was no determination for a strong man to break his wrist. When the Zhijun collapsed, many military and political veterans in Beijing and Tianjin rushed for peace, hoping that the place would not be corrupted.For example, Zhang Shaozeng, the former Prime Minister of the State, was one. He was kind to Feng Yuxiang, and he was Wu Peifu's in-laws.Wang Shizhen, a veteran of the Beiyang School, and Wu Luguan, a governor of Zhili Province, advocated diplomatic mediation. On October 31, they visited Shigeru Yoshida, the Japanese Consul General in Tianjin, and asked the Japanese government to negotiate an armistice with Fengtian.According to Yoshida: "The current battle situation is very tense. Feng and Hu's troops are about to go south. I don't know whether General Wu Peifu has a defense strategy against this crisis. This is what I am most concerned about. As for mediating the war between the two sides, there is a problem with the time factor, because the telegram is used. First, I have to send a telegram to Beijing, and transfer it from the embassy to Tokyo. Tokyo agrees and then calls back. Duan Qirui came out of the mountain to support with strength to rescue the current situation." Wang Shizhen and Wu Luguan felt that Yoshida's opinion could be considered, so they made an appointment to meet again at Shikishima Pavilion in the Japanese Concession in Tianjin at noon the next day. Yoshida said that he would distribute electricity to Beijing, Mukden and Tokyo for mediation and armistice, and agreed to visit at 5:00 p.m. on November 2 Wu Peifu's headquarters in the train at Tianjin Station.The questions and answers of Ji and Wu are as follows: Yoshida said: "Today's current situation is so important and urgent that there is no room for further development. It is not easy to ask Duan Qirui for assistance in the way of mediation. China's affairs should be handled by the Chinese themselves, and foreign forces should not be allowed to participate. Based on this belief, At present, Wang Kai and Tang personally visited the Duan family, and said that the cooperation between Duan and the king is the most stable and beneficial way to deal with the current situation. I think that the Duan family and General Wu have a teacher-student friendship, and General Wu should be swept away for the future of the country. Feelings that have always been estranged have been thrown into the arms of Mrs. Duan to find a point of compromise between the two, please think carefully about it, general." Wu replied: "Your Consul General's words really express the feeling of saving China in difficult times. I am deeply grateful. However, the history and national character of each country are different, so the concept of the country is also different from each other. The construction of European and American countries generally does not exceed the In two hundred years, it is very rare that it can last for a thousand years. China alone has an old state with a history of more than four thousand years, and there is a written charter that has never been worn down through the ages, that is, the eight virtues of filial piety, loyalty, propriety, righteousness, integrity and shame. Eight virtues Zhang Zeguo is constitutional and the country is prosperous. If one of them is destroyed, there will be no yardstick to deal with people's hearts, just like your country unites the people with the emperor of the eternal line as the center. The country survives if the Dao is not dead, and the country perishes when the Dao is mourned. This is not an easy reason. If Yu follows the words of your Consul General, it is a temporary expedient measure, and the conclusion is to betray Cao, what is the name of righteousness? And if the minister's festival is broken by this, why should he be entrusted with the country's important position? ?The world often sees the establishment of the Chinese republic and thinks that the righteousness of the monarch and the ministers has disappeared. However, the rest of the world sees it differently. If you keep these eight virtues, you can still correct the Yilun and replace it with the order of seniority and youth. What is wrong with the righteousness of the monarch and his ministers? Furthermore, if the Duan family is now responsible for cleaning up the current situation, people outside the knowledge of China's situation may not blame them, but they do not know that they are slandering the Duan family for ten years of bitterness. He is a human being with a noble character and upright thinking. He has entered and exited Confucianism and Buddhism, and he can understand the eight virtues. If he was once favored by Feng Zhi and thrown into the vortex of the political circle, it is not because he is loyal to the country. It is because of the prosperity of China. I am tied to the ups and downs of the Dao, and I am facing the edge of the country's rise and fall, and I only want to describe the Tao without looking back. It is equivalent to personal success or failure, and I don't think about it. Therefore, it is better to see broken pieces of jade than to hope for complete tiles."