Chapter 183 182. Sun Yat-sen presided over the Northern Expedition in Guilin

When the Guangxi faction withdrew from Guangdong, Zhao Hengti served as a mediator, persuading Lu Rongting to declare Guangxi autonomy, and would like to persuade Chen Jiongming not to attack Guangxi, advocating that the disputes between Guangdong and Guangxi should be settled forever because of "like-mindedness". On March 13, 2010, Chen Jiongming sent a telegram to agree with Zhao's opinion, and promised that "Guangdong and Guangxi belong to one family, and there will be no war". On March 19, in the name of the military governor (at this time, all provinces in the southwest were changed to the military governor as the commander-in-chief), Chen called Tan Haoming, the Guangxi military governor, and expressed his willingness to "guard the border and not invade each other" with the Guangxi army.

When Chen Jiongming expressed his friendly attitude to the warlords of the Guangxi faction, it was the time when Sun Yat-sen advocated the crusade against the "Guangxi thieves".When Sun saw Chen Jiongming's "friendly" telegrams, he was so annoyed that he dropped a teacup in anger. He planned to ignore Chen Jiongming and dispatched Tang Jiyao as the "commander-in-chief of the Guangxi Aid Army" to attack Guangxi from Yunnan and Guizhou with the Yunnan Army as the backbone. At that time, he personally led a part of the loyal Cantonese army to attack Wuzhou, and joined forces with the Yunnan army in Guilin.

The Guangxi faction itself also had great contradictions. When the Guangxi faction occupied Guangdong in the past, there was no trouble in Guangxi.Because the capable figures of the Guangxi family all develop outward, each has its own situation, and each has its own advantages.Now everyone has retreated to Guangxi, a barren and backward hometown, how can it accommodate so many big players.So problems abound: military pay is the first problem, the defense zone is the second problem, and power is the third problem, which is also the biggest problem.Because the problem of power is solved, other problems can be solved easily.In the Gui family, Lu Rongting is the top figure. Chen Bingkun, Mo Rongxin, and Tan Haoming have all served as military governors. Shen Hongying also has the ambition to be a military governor. Now that there are so many big tigers hidden in a mountain, how to arrange them?

Due to the needs of the situation, the Guangxi faction was divided into two factions, one was the Wuming faction headed by Lu Rongting; the other was the Liuzhou faction headed by Chen Bingkun.The two factions said that in this great change, if they cooperate, they will survive, and if they divide, they will perish. The way to unite is that the Wuming faction is willing to help the Liuzhou faction to develop outward.On the one hand, he recommended Chen Bingkun to the Beijing government as the Guangxi Army Protector; on the other hand, he concentrated 15,000 people in Wuzhou, preparing to counterattack Guangdong, and hand over the Guangdong territory to them after capturing Guangdong.

This is of course wishful thinking. To be honest, if they could counterattack Guangdong, the Guangxi faction would not have withdrawn from Guangdong at that time.Lu Rongting's plan at this time was to rely on Beijing's assistance, just like Long Jiguang who lost Guangzhou before, and urged Beiyang to send troops to "aid Guangdong" in three ways.These three routes are: Chen Guangyuan sent troops from Jiangxi, Li Houji sent troops from Fujian, and another navy went south. The most interesting term in this era is "aid ×". For example, if Guangdong wants to crusade against Guangxi, it will organize an army to aid Guangxi, and if Guangxi wants to attack Guangdong, it will also organize an army to aid Guangdong. significance.

In addition to urging Beijing to aid Guangdong in three ways, the Guangxi Clan also asked for military salaries.On the Beijing side, it was impossible to send troops in three directions, so they had to support a batch of munitions so that the Guangxi army would have enough ammunition to regroup.Unfortunately, when this batch of arms was exported by the Japanese freighter Koyama Maru, the ship was detained by Lu Yongxiang, He Fenglin and others before it left Wusong Port in Shanghai. It turned out that the Anhui faction was secretly connected with the Guangzhou military government at this time, and this was a concrete action of cooperation.

After Chen Bingkun was encouraged by Lu Rongting, he actively prepared to counterattack Guangdong and concentrated his troops in Wuzhou. This kind of action stimulated Chen Jiongming. against me."However, he dreamed of establishing a "Guangdong-Guangxi Reconciliation Treaty" with Chen Bingkun.Unexpectedly, Chen Bingkun declared Wuzhou as a military martial law zone, which was obviously for the purpose of invading Guangdong. Therefore, Chen Jiongming also declared Xijiang as a military martial law zone from Zhaoqing onwards. However, Chen Jiongming still had illusions about the Guangxi faction, and hoped that Lu Rongting would support his idea of ​​"peaceful coexistence of Guangdong and Guangxi", but Lu Rongting declared: "The day Chen Jingcun (Chen Jiongming) drives Sun Wen out of Guangdong, I will abandon him on that day." Resentment repaired."

Now, Shen Hongying is the most powerful in the Guangxi faction. He has 42 battalions. He is from Luorong County, Guangxi (now Luzhai County, Guangxi). Ji Ji is incompatible, Ma Ji is a master of the Wuming sect and Mo Rongxin's adopted son. Chen Jiongming was unwilling to use troops against Guangxi, so he sent Weng Shiliang as a secret envoy to Pingle, Guangxi to meet Shen Hongying, persuade Shen to expel Lu Rongting, seize military and political power in Guangxi, declare Guangxi autonomy, and is willing to help with military expenses and arms.Sure enough, Shen Hongying was persuaded, so she agreed to Chen Jiongming's conditions.

In early June, the remnants of the Gui army, which had been incorporated by the Guangdong army, turned against Guangdong in the Gaolei Qinlian area, and then the militiamen in Suixi and Lianjiang also rose up. It should develop towards Guangdong. On June 13, Shen Hongying sent troops from He County to invade Lianshan, Lianxian and Yangshan.Li Liejun's former subordinates Lai Shihuang, Li Mingyang and other troops in the Beijiang defense army all retreated to Shaoguan.When news of Beijiang's defeat spread to Guangzhou one after another, Chen Jiongming took urgent action. He sent Deng Keng, the commander of the First Division, as the commander-in-chief of Beijiang, led the army to resist Shen's army, and transferred back to Hong Zhaolin, the commander of the Second Division, to defend Guangzhou.

The war between Guangdong and Guangxi was rekindled, so Chen Jiongming requested the Hunan Army to send troops to attack Guilin in accordance with the Hunan-Guangdong Joint Defense Treaty, so as to attack the Guilin army's retreat.Lu Rongting also sent Lin Hu to Hunan based on the relationship of the Hunan-Guangxi Alliance for many years, and asked the Hunan Army to send troops to Beijiang to help.This made Zhao Hengti, who had not yet recovered his vitality, in a dilemma. He did not want the southwestern side to face each other and start another war.So he initiated an invitation to Sichuan, Hunan, Yunnan, and Guizhou to jointly mediate the Guangdong-Guangxi War, and asked Guangxi to declare autonomy and adopt a consistent attitude with the southwestern provinces.

Zhao Hengti’s suggestion was only agreed by Liu Xiang in Sichuan, but neither Yunnan nor Guizhou responded. It turned out that Gu Pinzhen in Yunnan had entered the border of Guangxi from the south because of Tang Jiyao’s two brigades, Hu Ruoyu and Li Youxun. secret alliance.Lu Tao of Guizhou, because Lu Rongting took in Wang Huayi, the "fleeing general" of Guizhou, has sent two brigades of Gu Zhenglun and Hu Ying of the Guizhou Army to the border of Guizhou and Guangxi, and is in a hostile position with Lu Rongting.Therefore, Zhao Hengti's plan of the four provinces to jointly mediate the Guangdong-Guangxi War could not be realized. Wang Huayi fled to Xiangxi after Liu Xianshi's failure, and was driven away by the Dian army who falsely passed through Xiangxi, and fled to northern Guangxi. Chen Jiongming was forced to fight again. When he was stationed in the Guangdong-Fujian border area, Sun Yat-sen repeatedly asked him to lead his army back to Guangdong, but he refused.It wasn't until the Guangxi faction in Guangdong wanted to send troops to fight him that he made up his mind to return to Guangdong to expel the Guangxi faction.Now he has no intention of attacking Guangxi, no matter how Sun Yat-sen urged him, he always pushed back three times and blocked four times.It wasn't until the Gui army was about to attack Guangdong that he was forced to obey Sun's will and determined to attack the Gui faction. On June 18, Sun Yat-sen ordered a general attack on Guangxi. On June 20, Chen Jiongming set off for Zhaoqing. On June 26, Sun issued an order to send Chen Jiongming as the commander-in-chief of the Guangxi aid army.On the same day, Chen Bingkun's general Liu Zhenhuan responded to the Guangdong army and declared independence. This made Chen Bingkun, Mo Rongxin, Wei Rongchang, etc. at a loss, and fled to Xunzhou in a hurry, and the Guangdong army defeated Wuzhou without a fight.Sun announced that Liu Zhenhuan was the commander of the First Division of the Gui Army. Lu Rongting didn't pay much attention to the fall of Wuzhou. He ordered Shen Hongying to attack Mode and Sanshui, and Lin Junting and others to quickly advance northward from the Gaolei area.This is a two-pronged military plan, which can not only directly threaten Guangzhou, but also cut off the retreat of the Cantonese army in Wuzhou.However, Shen Hongying saw that the situation was unfavorable, so he refused to accept Lu's order. He secretly asked Zhao Hengti to convey Chen Jiongming's willingness to declare self-government and fulfill the previous treaty.Chen Jiongming couldn't believe him at this time, and the Cantonese army went deep into Guangxi without stopping.Beijiang Yuejun routed Xindu and Hexian to outflank Shen Jun's rear route.Along the way, Yingde and Shaoguan attacked westward.From July 3rd to 8th, Xindu, Yangshan, Lianxian, and Lianshan were all recovered by the Guangdong army. Generals Huang Zigao and Shen Rongguang of the Shen Army who retreated to He Fushan on the 9th jointly elected Shen Hongying as "Commander-in-Chief of the Guizhou Rescue Army", announcing Guangxi's autonomy, breaking away from Lu Rongting's relationship, and adopting the same attitude as Guangdong. On July 1, Sun Yat-sen officially ordered the crusade against Lu Rongting. On the 16th, the Cantonese army took advantage of the victory and went up the Xijiang River, conquered Xunzhou, and occupied Tengxian, Rongxian, Beiliu, Pingnan, and Guixian counties. At this time, both northern and western Guangxi underwent changes: the two brigades of Gu Zhenglun and Hu Ying of the Guizhou Army moved down the south of the basin; They are all concentrated in the northwest of Guangxi.In order to unify the command, Tang Jiyao and Lu Tao assigned their troops to Li Liejun's command, so Li Liejun was called "Commander-in-Chief of the Yunnan, Guizhou, Jiangxi and Army Allied Forces", and planned to attack Guilin and Liuzhou on both sides. On June 27, Deng Keng and Wei Bangping, commanders of the Cantonese Army, jointly sent a telegram asking Hunan to send troops to Guilin, and Chen Jiongming also directly sent a telegram asking Zhao Hengti to send troops. On July 5, Zhao sent Xie Guoguang as the commander-in-chief of the Guilin Army. Zhao advocated a peaceful settlement of the Guangxi issue. Therefore, he telegraphed Lu Rongting to voluntarily cede Guilin to the Hunan Army, and the Hunan Army would not take any hostile actions against the Guilin Army.Faced with enemies on all sides, Lu Rongting reluctantly accepted Zhao's proposition, so the two brigades of Xie Guoguang and Luo Xiankai of the Hunan Army "occupied Guilin peacefully". When the general situation of the Gui army was over, the generals all sent telegrams to disassociate themselves from Lu Rongting. After Shen Hongying's army declared autonomy, Gui troops from all over the country responded one after another. On July 12, Ben Kezhao, the brigade commander of the Gui army, claimed to be the commander-in-chief of Liu Qing's rescue of Gui army in Liuzhou. On the 14th, Qin Buqu, the commander of the Gui army, expelled Chen Bingkun and Li Xianglu, the guardian envoy of Guilin.Claiming to be the commander-in-chief of the Guilin Rescue Gui Army.Wei Rongchang, Liu Daqing, and Han Caifeng also declared "self-government" after the fall of Guixian. Lu Rongting went to the field on July 16, exactly half a month after Sun Yat-sen ordered the crusade.After he left the field, he handed over the power to Shen Hongying, and ordered Huang Peigui, the guardian of Longzhou, to move to Nanning to act as an acting governor and governor. He himself and Tan Haoming fled from Nanning to Longzhou. The Cantonese army on the North Road believed that Shen Hongying's declaration of self-government was a fraudulent surrender, and it was a tactic to drag the knife. Because Shen Jun declared that he would break away from Lu Rongting and asked the Cantonese army not to advance, and Lu handed over all power to Shen, so he did not accept Shen's request. Go on the offensive. On July 24, Shen Jun withdrew from He County and Fuchuan.At this time, it was the Hunan Army that entered Guilin.At the same time, Li Liejun of the Dian Army was also ordered by Sun Yat-sen to command the Dian Army, the Guizhou Army, and the Jiangxi Army under unified command.Yang Yiqian and Zhu Peide of the Yunnan Army, Gu Zhenglun of the Guizhou Army, and Peng Chengwan of the Jiangxi Army all attacked on the way. Hu Ruoyu, the advance commander of the Yunnan Army under Tang Jiyao, led his troops from the Hongjiang River in Hunan to Guilin and Liuzhou through the Sanjiangkou, and Li Youxun, the brigade commander of the Yunnan Army. The Ministry passed through Dushan from Guizhou and attacked Qingyuan, Guangxi.Gui Jun Wei Rongchang, Lin Junting, Liu Daqing, Liu Jiongyu, Li Xianglu and others all retreated to Liuzhou. On August 3, the Hunan Army withdrew from Guilin, and the Shen Army took over Guilin.Hu Ruoyu, together with Wu Zhongxin, brigade commander of the Second Army of the Guangdong Army, and Peng Chengwan of the Jiangxi Army, besieged the Gui Army.Hu Ruoyu went forward bravely, regardless of his own safety, and his troops succeeded one after another, defeating the crowd with the few, and finally defeated the Shen army. On August 13, Hu Ruoyu captured Guilin, and Shen Hongying retreated to Yongfu. Li Youxun, another member of the Yunnan Army, diverted to Liuzhou.The Liuzhou Guijun expressed their willingness to stop fighting, accept the adaptation, and retreat to Nanning.Chen Jiongming sent Wei Rongchang and Huang Peigui of the Gui Army to be responsible for adapting the Gui Army. On August 5, Wei Rongchang and others welcomed the Cantonese army to march peacefully into Nanning, but Lu Rongting was still gathering the remnants of the defeated generals in Longzhou to prepare for a trapped beast, imagining that the Northern Zhili would send troops from Hunan to the south to assist him. On August 11, Sun Yat-sen appointed Ma Junwu as the governor of Guangxi and Chen Jiongming as the aftermath supervisor of Guangxi. On September 30, the Cantonese army captured Longzhou, the last stronghold of the Gui army. The first to enter the city was Wei Bangping's troops. The remaining troops of the Gui army either surrendered or collapsed. Part of the armies fighting against Guangxi withdrew back to Guangzhou to prepare for the Northern Expedition. Sun Yat-sen summoned the generals of the Cantonese Army, the Inland River Fleet and the aircraft team to give lectures and expressed his comfort.Sun said: "The Cantonese army attacked Guangxi this time and leveled the Guangxi family in less than a month. , can only be safe, not long-term peace, I hope that the soldiers will use their lives and fight the Northern Expedition with all their strength." On October 8, Sun Yat-sen proposed the Northern Expedition to the Guangzhou Congress, which was approved. On the 18th, the Northern Expedition Swearing-in Ceremony was held in Guangzhou. After Sun Yat-sen quelled Guangxi with the joint forces of the Guangdong Army and the Yunnan Army, he decided to take the Northern Expedition from Guilin via Hunan Province, and together with Hu Hanmin, Xu Chongzhi and others left Guangzhou and entered Guangxi along the Xijiang River.Tour along the way in Guangxi, passing through Sanshui to Wuzhou.When he was in Wuzhou, he gave a speech to the Kuomintang members. Sun said: "The Revolutionary Party Headquarters in Wuzhou has just been established. Today, the number of people attending the inaugural meeting is only about 200, but there are not many people in the revolution. If Guangxi is to become the base of the Revolutionary Party forever, machine guns and mountain cannons are impossible. Only revolutionism is the source of strength. We must spread the truth of the revolution, and this responsibility rests with you. If we succeed, the Republic of China will be saved and prosperous. If we fail, future Lu, Tan, and The Ma and Mo Zhu robbers will make a comeback, and millions of people in Guangxi will become slaves again." At this time, Chen Jiongming led his troops to garrison Nanning, but he still opposed the Northern Expedition.Sun Yat-sen once urged Chen to send troops by telegram, but Chen ignored him and refused to station troops. He threatened that at least half a year would be the time for recuperation and training.Sun had no choice but to ask for advice. Before going to Guilin, he went to Nanning to defend Chen and advised him. Sun said: "You should support my Northern Expedition. From the point of view of interests, after my Northern Expedition, if it succeeds and China is unified, I will of course I will not come back to Guangdong again. If unfortunately I fail, how can I return to Guangdong and Guangxi. So after my Northern Expedition, you will be in charge of everything in Guangdong and Guangxi, but please don’t stop me from the Northern Expedition, and please earnestly provide money.” Chen Verbal only, but not in the heart.Not long after Sun Yat-sen ordered him to return to Guangzhou to prepare for the Northern Expedition, but his selfishness was more important than anything else. After returning to Guangdong, he actively promoted the conspiracy to control Guangdong and Guangxi. First, he firmly controlled the financial power of Guangdong Province. But the attitude towards the Northern Expedition was very indifferent. When Sun Yat-sen was in Nanning, he gave a speech on the "Guangxi Aftermath Policy" to the mass meeting: "It's my first time to Guangxi, so it's also my first time to Nanning. Everyone knows that Guangxi is a barren province, but this time when I went to Jiangxi, I saw fertile plains on both sides of the river, and even mountains and valleys. So blue, so I found that the so-called barrenness is not really barren, but just lack of human resources." So Sun Yat-sen played a big role in exploiting sources of profit to build places, borrowing foreign debts, building railways, opening mines, tree farms, building factories, etc., which refreshed the audience, thinking it was unheard of. Sun Yat-sen then returned to Wuzhou from Nanning, and then from Wuzhou to Zhaoping along the Li River. Along the way, he went up the river by sailboat. From Zhaoping to Yangshuo, the road was more steep. Although the distance between Wuzhou and Yangshuo was only 450 miles, it took 16 days.Sun delivered a speech in Yangshuo: "Yangshuo is a good place, surrounded by thousands of mountains, and the land is fertile. People without knowledge think that it is barren and poor, but they don't know that the mountains with strange peaks are all limestone accumulations, which can be used to burn lime and make cement. So others think that Yangshuo is a barren land, but I think that Yangshuo is full of gold, so we should draw up a plan to exploit the coal, iron, gold, silver, lead, and mercury deposits in the limestone layer in large quantities. come out." Sun Yat-sen did not stay in Yangshuo, that is to say, he went to Guilin from Yangshuo. For the Northern Expedition, Sun Yat-sen actively organized the army and organized the base camp.The troops in Guilin at that time included Xu Chongzhi's Department of the Second Army of the Guangdong Army and Li Fulin's Department of the Fujian Army. At the same time, Zhu Peide was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Yunnan Army, Peng Chengwan was the commander-in-chief of the Jiangxi Army, Gu Zhenglun was the commander-in-chief of the Guizhou Army, and Li Liejun was the chief of staff of the base camp. , Hu Hanmin is the civil servant. At 5 a.m. on December 4, Sun Yat-sen, Xu Chongzhi, Hu Hanmin and others landed from Tuobenyu, and arrived at Jiangjun Bridge (five miles away from Guilin City) at 11:55.People from all government agencies and organizations in Guilin stood by the roadside to welcome them.When they arrived at the welcome venue, the artillery team of the ceremony team fired 101 salutes on the opposite side of Guojiashan. Sun entered the welcome booth. Long live the President!" and sang a welcome song. On December 7, 76 Guilin military, political, and academic groups held a grand welcome meeting to welcome Sun Yat-sen. Sun delivered a special speech on the topic of "The Three Principles of the People as a Tool to Create a New World".Sun said: "The president of my country took the oath of the Northern Expedition and passed through Guilin. I took this opportunity to meet you. It can be regarded as a great fate. You are here to welcome the president today. The president of the university hopes that you will welcome the doctrine and revolution of the Republic of China. That is the Three People's Principles advocated by the Revolutionary Party. The President of the People's Republic of China is the initiator of the Three People's Principles. If the Three People's Principles can be implemented, the Republic of China can be built well." Then Sun made a detailed analysis of the content and value of the Three Principles of the People. On December 9th, the academic circles in Guilin held a welcome meeting. Sun Yat-sen attended the meeting and gave a speech on "Knowing Difficulties and Doing Easier", repeating the principle of "Knowing is difficult, but doing is not difficult". At 1:00 p.m. on the 10th, more than 1,000 officers from the three armies of Guangdong, Yunnan, and Jiangxi held a meeting at the President's Xingyuan to welcome Sun Yat-sen. Gentlemen and people from all walks of life attended with admission tickets.Zhongshan came to the scene, and Peng Chengwan, commander-in-chief of the Gan army, announced the opening of the meeting. The chief of staff of the Gan army read out the eulogy, and Sun Dengtai talked about "spiritual education for soldiers" which lasted for an hour and a half.Li Liejun, Hu Hanmin, Xu Chongzhi and former Sichuan commander-in-chief Lu Chao made speeches one after another. Sun Yat-sen ordered Ma Junwu, governor of Guangxi, to pay attention to local security, rectify the administration of officials, eliminate bandits, and restrain soldiers. On the 13th, Gu Pinzhen, commander-in-chief of Yunnan, comforted him. On December 15, 2010, Sun sent a telegram in Guilin, announcing that Xu Shichang had betrayed the country. The telegram said: "Shandong issue, Xu Shichang wanted to negotiate directly with Japan for a long time, only because the people monitored Qi strictly and did not dare to do what they wanted. Now he sent representatives to the United States by taking advantage of the Washington Conference, and blatantly negotiated directly with Japan with the advice of the United Kingdom and the United States. , and fearless, it is a crime that cannot be punished! The president of this country takes saving the country and punishing thieves as his own duty. In addition to vigorously advocating the unconditional recovery of all rights in Shandong and the abolition of Article 21, he hereby declares that Xu Shichang and his followers are treacherous and treacherous. All citizens of our country , together they will punish them.” Jiang Zhongzheng went to Guilin on December 22 at the call of Sun Yat-sen. He first arrived in Guangzhou, where he drafted a plan for the Northern Expedition in a hotel and boat. When Jiang arrived in Guangzhou, Xu Shuzheng, a legendary figure in the north, also arrived in Guangzhou. Xiao Xu went south, expressing that the Anhui faction would cooperate with the Kuomintang to overthrow the Zhili faction.When Xiao Xu arrived in Guangzhou, Sun Yat-sen ordered Liao Zhongkai, Wang Zhaoming, and Jiang Zhongzheng as representatives from Guizhou to join forces with Xiao Xu's secret merchants to attack Zhili's military plan. The telegram said: "I would like to ask my two brothers and Jieshi to be my representatives, and to carry out military operations with the merchants. Now our army is determined to use troops after the old calendar. I hope that the Anhui Clan will support it, so that the Zhili Clan will have no way back. Our strategy is based on political strategy, and our political strategy Since they are the same, this is the unification of the north and the south, so as to determine China, and its common people." On the 23rd, Xie Chi, Secretary-General of the Presidential Palace in Guangzhou, urged Jiang Ji and Dai Chuanxian to come to Guilin. Jiang Sui left Guangzhou on January 3, 2011, passed through Sanshui, Wuzhou, Zhaoping, and Yangshuo together with Wu Zhongxin, and arrived in Guilin on the 18th. On the 30th, Jiang Yuewen's official Hu Hanmin went to the base camp to meet with Sun Yat-sen, and decided on the date of the Northern Expedition, and decided to move the base camp to Shaozhou. On February 3, Sun Yat-sen ordered the Northern Expedition in the name of the President, ordering Li Liejun to attack Jiangxi and Xu Chongzhi to leave Hunan. On the 12th, Zhang Zuolin sent his representative Li Shaolin to visit Sun Jin in Guilin to discuss a cooperation plan so that the north and the south could attack Cao and Wu. On the 20th, Duan Qirui also sent his representative, Zhou Shanpei, to Guangdong. This is the beginning of the so-called Sun, Duan and Zhang triangle alliance.