Chapter 152 151. Student unrest combined with political unrest

May 7th is the national humiliation commemoration. Since Japan issued an ultimatum to Yuan Shikai on this day in the 4th year of the Republic of China, the people of the whole country will hold commemoration on this day every year (May 9th is the day when Yuan Shikai’s government accepted the 21st. Therefore, some people commemorate this day as a national humiliation), before and after the Paris Peace Conference, Beijing students originally planned to commemorate it on May 7th. Later, due to the news of the failure of China at the Paris Peace Conference, they demonstrated in advance on May 4th. Now that there was a big commotion, May 7th, 2008 became a national day to support the Beijing Student Movement.

In view of the expansion and seriousness of the situation, the Beijing government sent the arrested students back to their schools by police cars on May 7. The Beijing students originally planned to hold a national assembly in Central Park with citizens on May 7. The Beijing government did not dare to suppress it head-on. In addition to releasing the students, it notified the various units participating in the National Assembly under false names in the evening of June, saying: "The assembly is suspended, please do not go back and forth empty-handed." The Central Park area was surrounded by military police, and the park was closed, so the conference could not be held.

The colleges and universities that went on strike in Beijing have terminated the strike because the arrested students have been released. Shanghai held a grand National Assembly on May 7th at the public stadium outside Ximenwai, Shanghai County, at 2:00 p.m.In less than a short time, people who participated in the conference came from all directions. There were more than 30 groups participating. The venue can accommodate 10,000 people. Officer Yu held a white cloth flag in each hand, and wrote a letter: "Fight for the return of Qingdao", "Restore the country's power", "Swear to the death", "Shout the traitors" and other words.Qian Hanzhu, a 19-year-old undergraduate student of Jiangsu Provincial Second Normal School, also imitated Xie Shaomin, a student of Peking University. He bit his finger and wrote a book with blood, writing "return me Qingdao" on the white cloth banner.There was also an unknown student with a white cloth hanging from his neck to his heels, with the words "I am Chinese" written on it, holding a white cloth with the words "National Humiliation" written on it.

At the meeting, Wang Hongshi, the director-general of the National Salvation Corps of Students Studying in Japan, reported the purpose of the meeting, followed by Ye Gangjiu, Wang Yuezhang, Zhu Yinqing, Guangmingfu, etc., who made impassioned speeches.Guangmingfu emphasized that the current purpose is to punish traitors, and the audience applauded enthusiastically.Originally, there were 27 people who signed up to give speeches, but due to time constraints, some of them were not able to speak in time.Four points were decided on the spot: (1) my country's special envoy to the European Peace Conference on Dianda, regarding the Qingdao issue, no matter what, we must strive hard, and we will never sign.

(2) Telegram the representatives of the four countries of Britain, the United States, France, and Italy, stating the reasons why Qingdao cannot be a day. The purpose of our country's declaration of war against Germany is to eliminate militarism. Germany.It is not only China that suffers from this disaster, but also countries in the world will suffer from it, and there is no time for it. (3) Telephone calls to the provincial capitals, education associations, and chambers of commerce, asking them to call Beijing together to resolve diplomatic issues and rescue the arrested students. (4) Today, the National Assembly sent representatives to the North-South Peace Conference, and asked the representatives of the two general congresses to telegraph the Beijing, please severely punish the traitors as soon as possible, and release the students.

Immediately it was presumed that Guangmingfu, Peng Jieshi, Huang Jiemin, and Zheng Haoran were going to pay a visit to the general representative of the North-South Peace Conference. Tang and Zhu immediately extended the meeting, and showed Guangmingfu and others the telegram that had been photographed in Beijing.Guang waited to report back, and Xian expressed satisfaction.At the same time, it was decided to establish the National Assembly Office as a permanent public organization. The anti-Japanese patriotic sentiment of the students studying in Japan was particularly high. As mentioned earlier, when Zhang Zongxiang returned from Japan, he was surrounded by students studying in Japan at Tokyo East Station and was insulted. The student demonstration in Beijing on May 4 immediately resonated with students studying in Japan in Tokyo.

It turns out that in Tokyo, since the 21st Treaty, the national humiliation commemoration meeting is also held on May 7 every year. Of course, the Japanese government uses various methods to prevent it. It is very difficult for students to rent a venue.As early as May 7, 2010, because they couldn’t find a suitable meeting place, the international students made an appointment to pretend to be diners, went to a Chinese restaurant to have a dinner, borrowed the restaurant for a meeting, and were tracked down by the Japanese police, so the students were unarmed In the battle with the police who were like tigers and wolves, many students were beaten and bruised.In the end, all 34 students who participated in the meeting were detained in the police station, where they were subjected to all kinds of insults and abuses. Therefore, all the students studying in Japan were aroused to go on strike and return home to carry out anti-Japanese movements.

May 7, 2008 was even a big day, but the Japanese police tried their best to stop it, and the students studying in Japan could not find the venue, so they sent a representative to meet the Chinese Acting Minister Zhuang Jingke, and wanted to use the embassy to hold a commemorative ceremony , Guarantee that order will be strictly observed and that no accidents will occur.Zhuang did not refuse in person, but on the evening of the 6th, the Chinese legation was surrounded by Japanese patrols and military police, densely packed, as if facing an enemy, and the embassy was brightly lit and melodious. It turned out that Mei Lanfang, a famous Peking opera performer in Tsing Yi, sang Tiannv Sanhua in the embassy.Seeing this situation, the students knew that the embassy would not lend out the venue, so they decided that night to gather on the morning of the 7th and divide into two groups. One group got off at Kuiqiao, and the other group got off at Miyakezaka. The embassies of various countries in Japan delivered the submissions, and then assembled and dispersed in Hibiya Park.Each group assumed that the pickets were responsible for maintaining order.At the same time, it is presumed that the negotiator is responsible for explaining when a failure occurs.

The first group of parades encountered three attacks in succession at 2:00 p.m., 4:00 p.m. and after 4:00 p.m., in the side alleys of the German Legation, near Otemachi and Hibiya Park.The Japanese police rushed over with the cavalry and threatened to disband. The students explained that this was a peaceful parade and would not hinder law and order, but the Japanese police were dissatisfied with the white cloth slogans held by the students: "Break militarism", "Maintain permanent peace", "Directly take back "Qingdao", "May 7 National Humiliation Commemoration" and other words, the Japanese police wanted to step forward to capture the flag, but the students of course refused, so the Japanese police raised their swords and slashed head-on, and the horse team also charged forward to the parade. , More than half of the students in this group were cut and trampled, their flags were taken away, and many people were arrested.But the students still marched desperately. When they arrived at the British embassy, ​​there were only a hundred students left. They asked to see the British envoy, and the British envoy received him. Our government, but if you want to go to embassies of other countries, you'd better send representatives to go, so as not to have too many people and violate Japanese laws and regulations." The foreign student is about to hand over the statement and transfer it to the French embassy. The situation is similar to that of the British embassy.At 4:00 p.m., the students turned to Hibiya Park to wait for another group. Unexpectedly, a large number of Japanese military and police arrived, and all the white cloth flags of the international students were taken away.A student surnamed Gong was snatched by the Japanese police while holding the national flag. Another student, Wu Ying, who came to defend the national flag was severely beaten by the Japanese police and tied up with a rope and dragged away.The other students were so angry that they fought desperately to rescue Wu Ying before taking Wu Ying back. The rest of the students rushed to the China Youth Association, exhausted.

Another group of students who got off at Kuiqiao went to the US embassy to see the US envoy. Because the US envoy was sick, the special clerk was asked to see him. The students delivered the statement, and the representative of the US embassy agreed to call the US government and the Paris Peace Conference immediately. U.S. representative.After the students resigned, they went to the Swiss embassy, ​​but were blocked by the Japanese police and were not allowed to enter. They immediately elected representatives to enter the embassy to deliver the statement.Then I went to the Russian embassy. The Russian envoy met the students and said: "Our country didn't even send a representative to the Paris Peace Conference. Although the ambassador is very sympathetic to your actions, it is a pity that he is unable to do what he wants, and it is difficult to help."

This group of students successfully completed petitions at the three embassies in the United States, Switzerland, and Russia. Everyone said excitedly: "Foreign embassies still want us to petition. Why is it that the Chinese embassy shuts their doors and ignores them? It is abominable." It is too early for us to meet up in Hibiya, so it is better to go to the Chinese legation to petition.As soon as this proposal came out, everyone agreed, so everyone was very emotional, and the whole team went straight to the Chinese legation. Unexpectedly, not far from the Chinese embassy, ​​suddenly came a brigade of Japanese military police, walking on horseback, in a forest of swords and swords, without asking why, they rushed to the front team of students to ask for the national flag.The leader holding the flag was Du Zhong, a student from Shandong, who was alone and weak. He was knocked down.Primary school student Li Jingan, who was only 10 years old, was also knocked down. The Japanese police even ran over and trampled on his abdomen. This team was also dispersed, and was covered with scars. The students fought and retreated, so they had to flee in all directions, and fled to the China Youth Association to join another group.However, the ferocious Japanese police came after them, broke into the YMCA, and forced the students to disband immediately. Afterwards, it was found that a total of 36 students from the two groups were arrested by the Japanese police.Ma Boyuan, the director of the Youth Association, held a temporary aftermath meeting to discuss ways, and at the same time negotiated with Zhuang Jingke, the Chinese acting minister in Japan, and Jiang Yong, the supervisor of overseas students, asking them to immediately negotiate with the Japanese government to release the arrested students.Zhuang and Jiang ignored it, and the students became more angry. Fortunately, Ma Boyuan was willing to run, and went to the Japanese police station to inquire in person. It was found that 23 students were arrested at the Koji-machi District Police Station, and 23 students were arrested at the Hibiya Police Station. There were 11 people, including two at the town police station.After Ma’s efforts, 23 students arrested at the Koji-machi Police Station were released on May 8. As for the students detained at the Hibiya Police Station, because Japanese newspapers reported that Hu Jun had hacked Japanese police with a knife, They should not be released, and Hu Jun was in the Hibiya Police Station and should be transferred to the Tokyo Prison for punishment, so the release was delayed until May 14. The Tokyo incident shocked the world, and it is especially an encouragement to the domestic patriotic movement. Please think that the patriotic movement is an anti-Japanese movement, and the anti-Japanese movement was launched by students studying in Japan in Japan. The incident strengthened the national anti-Japanese patriotic movement. The Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce also launched a campaign not to buy Japanese goods, and Guangzhou organized a National Diplomatic Support Association. The situation of the Beijing government is really desperate, and the Paris Peace Conference is unable to cope.Japan has no possibility of letting go of the Shandong issue, and the resulting student movement has spread throughout the country. Coupled with the North-South issue, the peace talks in Shanghai have reached an impasse.Even in Beijing, although the Anhui and Anfu cliques became one, and one became two, Xu Shichang and the old communication clique became one, drawing in the direct clique and even the south.All of this shows that China at that time was fragmented and full of difficulties. For Duan Qirui, the student unrest in Beijing was very outraged. He instigated members of the Anfu faction, Yao Zhen, president of the Dali Academy, to propose that the student who led the disturbance must be identified and punished according to law.At the same time, the cabinet members of the Anfu Department were instructed to rectify the style of study, first of all, the president of Peking University, Cai Yuanpei, should be replaced.In fact, Cai has already proposed to resign, but the Minister of Education, Fu Zengxiang, has already refused. Now that Duan wants the government to remove Cai, Fu naturally opposes it.He said angrily that if the government had to do this, he would deal with it by not countersigning the dismissal order.Fu Zengxiang was from Jiang'an County, Sichuan, and he was from a scholarly family. He was relatively aloof in the Beijing government, and Duan originally regarded him very highly. Since the handling of the student riot case made him and the Anfu Department extremely unhappy, he also wanted to ask for leave, while the Anfu Department He was also planning to dismiss Fu and reorganize colleges and universities, and send people from the Anfu Department to serve as principals of colleges and universities to strengthen control over students. On May 9, Cai left his resignation again and left.Peking University students decided to "suspend classes and punish them for punishment" to express their determination to retain the principal. The principals of all colleges and universities in Beijing resigned after Cai Yuanpei to show the same attitude. Duan Qirui angrily accused Qian's cabinet of being incompetent and too weak to deal with the student unrest, and Fu Zengxiang shielded the academic tycoon, who was Cai Yuanpei.His accusation started the movement to overthrow the Anfu Congress. Although Qian Nengxun was almost incompetent, the situation was so complicated and delicate that he was powerless. He went to see Xu Shichang for instructions, and Xu asked him to find Duan. On May 9, Qian Nengxun went to see Duan Qirui, expressed his willingness to step down, and asked Duan to recommend a successor. Duan really wanted Wang Yitang, the leader of the Anfu Clan, to form a cabinet, but he was embarrassed to formally propose it. At this time, the Beijing government was completely in a vacuum, because the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Lu Zhengxiang, was in Paris. The Minister of Transportation, Cao Rulin, was terrified by the student demonstrations, and hid in Dongjiaomin Lane with Lu Zongyu, the President of the Currency Bureau. Fu Zengxiang was also about to resign, and the Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs, Chen Lu They dared not go to work at the Ministry. On May 9, when the ministers from various countries went to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to inquire about the situation in China, no one received them. The student unrest spread across the country, and the student unrest mixed with the political unrest, making the political crisis more and more intensified. On the 9th, student associations were established for middle-level and above students in Beijing, and soon Tianjin, Shanghai, Wuhan, and major cities across the country also established associations, and the National Association of Students Association was established in Shanghai.Business people across the country launched a boycott of Japanese goods and organized savings for saving the country.Shanghai also established numerous "National Salvation Groups of Ten", and then concentrated the establishment of the "China Federation of National Salvation Groups of Ten".Students in Beijing organized a number of speech teams to carry out the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement with publicity speeches. May 13th was the day when the Shanghai Peace Conference broke down. Xu Shichang had no intention of dealing with the student unrest, so he sent telegrams to the warlords in the northern provinces in a panic, describing the crisis situation. Please express your opinions.He had hoped that everyone could share the difficulties, bear with each other, and support his desire to achieve smooth peace talks.Unexpectedly, Duan Qirui proposed to resolutely reject the eight conditions of the southern representative, withdraw the northern representative, and terminate the peace negotiations. On the 14th, Xu invited Duan, all the cabinet members, and the chairpersons of the two chambers of the Anfu Association to hold an emergency meeting in the presidential palace to discuss issues such as diplomacy, the peace conference, and the student movement.These problems have a huge gap between Xu Shichang and Duan Qirui.So Xu Shichang used his old method, the method of being bright on both sides and round on both sides.Regarding the student unrest, an order was issued that day to retain Principal Cai Yuanpei to reassure the students.Also retain Cao Rulin, Lu Zongyu, and Zhang Zongxiang to calm Duan's heart.At the same time, it was ordered that students should not correct the crowd and cause trouble. If they refused to accept the persecution, they should "find out, reprimand, and arrest and punish according to law."Regarding the Shanghai Peace Conference, it was decided to reject the eight conditions of the South, but it did not withdraw the representatives from the North either. Duan Xi was very dissatisfied with Xu Shichang's approach, so he put pressure on Xu Da.So the next day, on the 15th, the Beijing government approved the resignation of the representatives from the north who attended the Shanghai Peace Conference, and dismissed Fu Zengxiang as the head of education, and Yuan Xitao, the deputy education minister, acted as the acting minister.At the same time, regarding the breakdown of the Shanghai peace talks, an order was issued: "The country is in a difficult situation, the people's livelihood is the most important thing, and peaceful reunification is the key to saving the country today. Since the President took office, he has negotiated many times, and the Shanghai meeting was the first thing to happen. During the period, there were mixed opinions, but the government persisted. , Yu Yiyi sincerely, the expected completion as soon as possible, a little comfort to the hope of the domestic market. Recently, according to the general representative Zhu Qiqian and other telegrams: "Tang Shaoyi put forward eight conditions on the 10th, and after a formal meeting, he denied it on grounds. Tang Shaoyi and others immediately declared Resign, Qiqian forcefully stated the country's critical situation, urged them to negotiate calmly, failed to accommodate, the meeting has come to a standstill, and there is no way to deal with it, I am truly responsible for the appointment, I would like to take the blame and resign' and other words. The conditions mentioned, in addition, involve diplomatic relations, Internally, the foundation of the country is shaken. Since there are many conflicts in legal principles, the facts will only benefit disputes. It is obvious that the sympathy of the people for reunification is lost, which is not the original purpose of promoting peace. In addition to the government cutting off e-commerce, withdrawing the agreement, and continuing the meeting, because of At the beginning of the establishment of Sihuyi, after several setbacks, the sound of the voice was silent, and the past was never forgotten. Since it came from difficult planning, each has the responsibility to maintain it. It is a one-sided theory, and I don’t care about the world. But the government is determined and sincere, consistent, and never wants to see the dawn of peace. It is hereby cut off, especially not to make the army fight violently. Goodbye to the country. It is used to show the meaning of sincerity and sympathy to our people, and it must be known that it belongs to China. There are no borders at all, we share weal and woe, we share weal and woe. If there is no peace for a day, politics will not be implemented, and the people will be happy and exhausted. Even if there is no end to the flow, sitting and summoning the poor, the responsibility will return, and the regret will be ridiculed? Hope Zhou Xingqunyan, work together to promote peace and promote reunification. If one party holds prejudices and ends up arbitrarily doing things, then public opinion is fair and cannot be accommodated by the authorities. If both parties regard the country as the most important thing, all considerations should be made in the future. If the legal principles are consistent and the facts are feasible, then the government must be sincere and strive to help Fangqiu, and it will be extremely difficult to help Fangqiu! All the people of our country will share this purpose and encourage it to succeed! This order." Because Fu Zengxiang, the head of education who was sympathetic to the student movement, was dismissed, and Yuan Xitao, the deputy minister, was appointed as the acting minister. The students in Beijing started a student movement again. On May 19, the Beijing Students' Federation announced that all secondary schools and above were on strike in protest.At the same time, a strike declaration was issued, listing three disappointments and six wishes.The three disappointments are: (1) After the Shanghai peace talks broke down, the Beijing government prepared to sign the Paris Peace Treaty; (2) The Beijing government actually deposed Fu Zengxiang and retained Cao, Zhang, and Lu; He was beaten and arrested and ignored.The six wishes are: (1) Refusal to sign the peace treaty; (2) Punish the traitors; (3) Resume the peace talks in Shanghai; (4) Retain Fu Zengxiang and Cai Yuanpei; Demand the release of Chinese students and punish the Japanese police who committed the crime. In addition to the school strike, it was decided to take positive actions during the school strike: (1) Organize the volunteer team of students to save Shandong, sign up on a voluntary basis, and then conduct concentrated military training to prepare for the rescue of Shandong; (2) Promote civilian education lecture groups in each school (3) Each school is divided into groups of ten to maintain order; (4) Students from each school spend a certain amount of time studying economic issues. The wave of class strikes spread to Shanghai. On May 26, Shanghai secondary schools responded to the class strike.Subsequently, students in Hangzhou, Taiyuan and other places were also involved in the upsurge of strikes.So Shanghai dock workers first refused to load and unload Japanese goods, Shanghai newspapers refused to publish the advertisements of Japanese companies, and major department stores such as Xianshi and Yongan refused to sell Japanese goods. The Beijing government felt that the situation was serious, so the State Council distributed telegrams to the provinces regarding the Paris Peace Conference: "(Previously omitted)...Since the Japanese have repeatedly protested, in terms of negotiations, they tried their best to mediate. It was first decided that the five countries would take over temporarily, and then it was changed to Japan with full sovereignty and returned to China, but part of the economic rights and special residency rights were allowed to continue. Land. The government is hesitant to deliberate because the original purpose has not been achieved. Recently, the Lu envoy called and said: "The United States is fighting against the Japanese, and the British are looking forward to it. They are afraid that the peace will be broken because of it. They persuaded me to investigate and return it to China, but they failed to join. Articles, but the text of the peace treaty has not been read by the envoy Lu, and the telegram has yet to be renewed. The people of the country attach great importance to this matter. Since the original purpose has not been achieved, there is no provision for returning it to China. Our country will definitely find it difficult to recognize it. But if it is not signed Therefore, it is difficult to decide whether to sign or not. Members of the two chambers of the House of Representatives are called today to hold a talk meeting, and they will weigh the interests and decide that it will be difficult to sign. ... The result of the discussion , All opinions are unanimous, and now I intend to formally submit this issue to the Congress, and at the same time, I will send a telegram to the Lu envoy to suspend the signature....The people of the country should also agree with each other, and stop being agitated under the excuse of diplomacy...." The Japanese government also felt the enthusiasm of the anti-Japanese people in China, so the Ministry of Foreign Affairs notified Zhuang Jingke, the Chinese acting minister in Japan, to explain Japan's position on the Shandong issue, hoping to use this pretended kindness to ease the anti-Japanese atmosphere. This document briefly states: "Looking at the relationship between Japan and China, Chinese officials and people often have deep doubts about Japan's true intentions, and they mistakenly believe that Japan's established policy of returning the German leased land in Jiaozhou Bay to China will have a plan to change. I heard that It was quite unexpected and deeply regrettable. Just like Baron Makino, in order to explain the status of Japan on the Shandong issue, he once published his statement on the news paper. I hereby confirm this statement, that is, Japan’s oral agreement is strictly Properly guarding Shandong and Qingdao together with China's sovereignty must be returned to China. All agreements concluded by China and Japan to promote mutual interests must of course be followed honestly. As a result of China's participation in the war, the United Nations negotiated the compensation for bandits Cessation of payment, increase of tariffs at a rate of five to one hundred percent,... Japan is all happy to maintain China's legitimate hopes in these matters...." The student unrest and political unrest angered Duan Qirui, the real master of Beijing.He mobilized his potential and forced the Beijing government to replace Li Changtai, the infantry commander who had moderated the suppression of the student movement, and replaced him with Wang Huaiqing, known as the "butcher".Duan Dang originally planned to reorganize the Gyeonggi Garrison General Headquarters into the Governor's Office of the Jingshi Garrison, expand its powers, control the Beijing military and police, and implement long-term martial law, but he gave up because the diplomatic corps was not convinced. In fact, Beijing has long been under military control. Newspapers, postal services and telecommunications have been strictly inspected, and students’ activities have been closely monitored. The telegrams from the Beijing Students’ Federation could not be sent out, so they had to be sent to Tianjin for distribution. On May 24, Beijing's "Yishi Bao" was shut down, "Morning Post" and "National Gazette" were monitored, and two "skylights" were opened on the news page of "National Gazette".Correspondents of Shanghai newspapers stationed in Beijing sent special telegrams to Shanghai about the current situation, which were also deleted and suppressed by the censors. As a result, the Beijing news published by Shanghai newspapers was fragmented and incomplete.The "May 7th" magazine run by Beijing students was banned, the editor was arrested, and the Wenyi Printing Bureau, which was in charge of printing, was ordered to stop. On the 25th, when Peking University held a business-student meeting, more than 200 military and police officers suddenly rushed in, forced them to disband, and arrested six students.Therefore, although martial law was not enforced in Beijing at this time, the actual situation was no different from martial law. Because military police and horse teams often patrol the streets of Beijing, the student speech team was stopped from time to time, and the flags and leaflets they carried were also taken away. Therefore, the students of the speech team disguised themselves as sellers of domestic products and set off secretly in twos and threes. Anti-Japanese propaganda was carried out where the military and police were not paying attention. On May 25, the Beijing government ordered the prohibition of people's gatherings, demonstrations and distributing leaflets: "Recently, in the capital and other provinces, there have been gatherings of people to parade, give speeches, and spread leaflets. At first, because of the Qingdao issue, they made passionate speeches, and then the rumors flooded, and there were many anecdotes. Confusing people's hearts has a great relationship with local public security. At this time of difficult times, the country is the most important, and the government's responsibility lies. Internally, it should be carefully guarded in order to maintain public peace; externally, it is especially necessary to prevent disturbances in advance to prevent disturbances. .It is ordered that the civil and military officials outside the capital should be in charge of the civil and military affairs, and that they should be strictly inspected. If there are any more incidents in the preceding paragraph, they should be stopped with all their strength. Those who refuse to stop should be arrested in accordance with the law to curb the chaos. The capital is the first good district In particular, it should be noted that the chief executive in charge has been ordered to take precautions seriously, and he will strictly abide by it. If the implementation is not effective, or there is a risk of negligence, the responsibility belongs to you, and it cannot be called leniency. This order!" The student unrest continued to expand and spread throughout the country. The provincial authorities were deeply disturbed by the students' disturbance of the law. The Zhejiang authorities whimsically asked all schools to close early on May 28. As for the start date, the principals of each school decided on their own discretion.The Beijing government also imitated Zhejiang's approach, but was rejected by the students. Japan was hit hard by the nationwide boycott of Japanese goods. The Japanese envoy to China lodged a serious protest on May 22. The Japanese government sent several warships to demonstrate in Qinhuangdao and Fuzhou.The Beijing government felt under pressure, and in order to deal with Japan, it once again ordered all provinces to ban the rejection of Japanese goods. It said: "China and Japan have a good relationship and friendship, and all localities must not discriminate against Japanese businessmen. If anyone is willing to disturb, they should Severe punishment is to strengthen diplomatic relations." However, the order of the Beijing government only received the opposite result. In order to avoid causing Japan to make excuses, the Beijing Federation of Students issued a notice on the 25th that students should not hate the Japanese when giving speeches, and must protect the lives and property of the Japanese. The Japanese pretended to set fire on purpose and conspired to set the blame on them as an excuse to invade China. In late May, Duan Qirui openly telegraphed his proposal to sign the Paris Peace Treaty. On June 1, the Beijing government formally ordered the announcement of the Qingdao issue and defended the three pro-Japanese factions of Cao Zhanglu.Ling Yun: "The country is in a difficult situation, and diplomacy is the most important thing. All international treatment should be governed by public law. In places outside Beijing, leaflets were spread and crowds were given speeches. They were banned by the previous order. These actions all originated from the Qingdao issue, and the public opinion Passionate, but there is a declaration of envy of the Japanese and a boycott of Japanese goods. It damages diplomatic relations externally and loses prestige internally. It is extremely lamentable. I know that the Qingdao issue began in the Guangxu period of the former Qing Dynasty. , followed by a contract lease. At the beginning of the European War, the British and Japanese troops captured Qingdao. At that time, our country had not yet joined the battle group. Thanks to many consultations, the theater was able to be reduced and the payment was declared. In the fourth year of the Republic of China, Sino-Japanese negotiations occurred , Our government insisted on it with all our strength, until the ultimatum, we began to sign a new contract with Qingdao, so there was an exchange of letters to return Jiaoao. To the Jishun Gaoxu loan contract, to negotiate with Qingdao, there are two completely different things. The contract stipulates that the route can be changed by agreement. , and the withdrawal of the Japanese army and the abolition of the terms of exchange for the abolition of the Civil Affairs Administration. It is obvious that it does not recognize the continuation of German rights. Cao Rulin successively served as foreign ministers, Lu Zongyu, Zhang Zongxiang, etc. successively served as ministers stationed in Japan, each doing his best to maintain The power of remediation is in the documents, and it is not difficult to follow. People in the country do not know the truth, causing misunderstandings, and there is no deep responsibility. However, when people's hearts are fluctuating, and those who do not succeed are easy to incite, they should declare it clearly to relieve the doubts of the crowd. All Chinese should know that diplomacy is a heavy burden, and the responsibility lies with the authorities. The government has interests in it, carefully considers how to deal with it, and regards Chinese people as the most important. People in the country should remain calm and not be surprised. If the behavior is a little reserved, it may cause trouble. The country, obey the original purpose, all matters related to the protection of law and order, the officials outside Beijing should follow the repeated orders, and handle them earnestly, and still keep them informed at any time, so that everyone knows! This order."