Chapter 124 123. Sun Yat-sen protects the Dharma in Guangdong

When Zhang Xun was restored and Li Yuanhong fled to the Japanese embassy for refuge, Cheng Biguang, the chief of the navy (a member of the Kuomintang), was in Shanghai. He sent two warships to Qinhuangdao to welcome Li to the south, and at the same time issued a telegram in the name of the chief of the navy to suppress the rebellion.At this time Feng Guozhang was still in Nanjing, quite dissatisfied with Cheng Biguang's actions.The Beiyang warlords believed that when Li Jingxi formed the cabinet on June 24, 6, he had announced that Sa Zhenbing was the chief of the navy and Cheng Biguang was transferred to be the chief of the navy. Cheng should not act freely in the name of the chief of the navy.However, the Kuomintang believed that since Zhang Xun arrived in Beijing on June 14, Li Yuanhong had lost his freedom. Shanghai claimed to be ordered by the President to seek rebellion.

Sun Yat-sen once sent a solemn telegram of advice to Duan Qirui in Shanghai, which was sent on July 19. The telegram said: "Unfortunately in the Republic of China, the pseudo-Qing Dynasty ruled, and everyone thought that Machang was partial to teachers, restored the republic, and rebuilt the capital. Three times. Therefore, the cause of impermanence is uncertain, and the punishment and reward are not clear. Husband Hong Xian Zuo ordered the disciple, the assistant of Xuantong restoration, and he was a criminal of the imperial system. Since those who are ordered to be lenient, those who are restored are of course free. The second meeting of Xuzhou and Zhangde (Zhang Xun initiated the Xuzhou meeting, and the participating provinces once held a meeting in Zhangde.) At the time when I was the first chief, I handed it over , can't eradicate governance, but restore the power of honor, and inspire its arrogance, so that it is possible to conquer the country today. And the people are clear, and it is also said that the disaster of restoration is the forerunner of the rebellion. The demand for the declaration of war is endless, and even the beating Councilors; the endless beating of councilors leads to the dissolution of the Congress; the endless dissolution of the Congress leads to the restoration of the puppet Qing Dynasty. It was originally for one person to preserve power and position, so as to bring about a catastrophe. How can one not be held accountable for this disaster. A few months ago, I offered loyal advice, but it was not accepted. When Huangpi had no choice but to issue a dismissal order, I still did not change it. I resentfully said that it caused disasters and was irresponsible. Today, defeat is victory, and merits and demerits will be compensated. In view of the future, the hearts of the people agree. It is the post of Prime Minister. There is neither consent nor countersignature. , so as not to promote the precepts, but to reinstate the self-esteem, the fox buried the fox, all in one person, is it the so-called one who forgets his body for the country. Zhang Xun boldly restored the restoration with the capital of tyranny, and the soldiers under his command were untrained. Its power is easy to grasp; Zhang Shaozeng and others advocated against rebellion, the generals in Kinki, and many Jingxian people; Duan Zhigui is the commander-in-chief of the East Road, Ni Sichong is the commander-in-chief of the three provinces, Duan Ben Hongxian is the culprit, and Ni Ze rebelled against the leader of the governor. Compared with Xiong Wencan of the Ming Dynasty, it also restrains the armies and does not allow divisions to discuss. If you want to hand over easy achievements to those who advocate chaos, you are selfish and narrow. It is not too much. It is also suitable for self-examination. Wen Yuan, with one step, fears the people's rocks, and thinks about making amends. Ren Liang will use his righteousness to fight the rebellion of the group to stop the source of chaos, punish Hong Xianzuo's order to show his sincerity, and kill the false lord Puyi to punish him for failing to promise , To protect the country and redeem sins, Dun is good at this. If you are small and easy to lose, occupying it is a great achievement, taking advantage of the situation, citing the imperial party, arbitrarily occupying the tripod bell, and distributing minions, then the eight kings of the Western Jin Dynasty will be expelled. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Zhu and Li The conquest of the prime minister is recorded in the annals of history, and there is no distinction between right and wrong. I am afraid that the achievements will be easy, and disasters and failures will follow. All the people of our country cannot help. The nature of the foot is strong and resolute. I am not a coquettish person, so I would like to tell you with all my loyalty , right and wrong, in the ears of self-judgment."

During the Restoration, Guangdong Governor Zhu Qinglan sent someone to Shanghai to contact Sun Yat-sen and agreed to use Guangzhou as the base for protecting the law. On July 10, Sun Yat-sen led the two ships Ying Rui and Ying Chen to Shantou, and on July 13 he sent Zhang Binglin to Guangzhou to make contact.Although the interior of Guangdong is complicated, it still welcomes Sun Yat-sen.Therefore, Sun Yi went to Guangzhou on July 17. Chen Bingkun, the governor of Guangdong, and Zhu Qinglan, the governor of Guangdong Province, all went to Jiang'an to welcome him.And a welcome meeting was held in Huangpu Park.

Sun Yat-sen delivered a speech at the welcome meeting, exposing the restoration as a political trap arranged by the Beiyang warlords. He said: "Duan Qirui quoted Duan Zhigui and Ni Sichong as the commanders of the rebellious army. China in China is not a struggle between restoration and republic, but a struggle between true republic and false republic. Today, there are few true restorers and many false republics.” This really hit the nail on the head. On July 22, Cheng Biguang and Lin Baoyi, Commander of the First Fleet of the Navy, led their ships from Wusong to Guangdong, accompanied by Tang Shaoyi, Wang Zhaoming, Wu Tingfang and others.On this day, they issued a declaration from the navy fleet, and they were autonomous by electricity. They proposed to protect the "Convention Law", restore the Congress, and punish the culprits.He also stated that from the day when the "Contract" expires and the Congress is dissolved, all orders are groundless and should be deemed invalid, and the Beijing government that issued the order will not be recognized.

Sun Yat-sen and the navy stationed in Shanghai had made an appointment in advance, and the Navy's First Fleet went south to protect the Dharma, which shocked Duan Qirui in Beijing.In order to respond urgently, the Duan cabinet immediately promoted Rao Huaiwen, the commander of the Second Fleet, as the commander-in-chief of the navy, Lin Songqing as the commander of the First Fleet, and Du Xigui as the commander of the Second Fleet. On July 25, the Duan Cabinet also announced that Zhu Qinglan, Governor of Guangdong Province, and Liu Chengen, Governor of Guangxi Province, had switched.Zhu Qinglan refused to accept this order on the grounds that Guangdong was independent.

Guangdong was the political and military center in the southwest at that time, but the internal situation in Guangdong was very unstable. Although it was not as superficial as Sichuan, it was still extremely complicated.Duan Qirui adopted pressure from the outside on the one hand, and created divisions on the other hand, using the xenophobia of local soldiers to try to create chaos between the host and guest armies in Guangdong, so that the Beiyang Army could take advantage of the gap.At that time, the Beiyang faction had already occupied Fujian and Jiangxi. These two provinces were adjacent to Guangdong. Duan planned to use these two provinces as a springboard to attack Guangdong, and at the same time transport troops from the sea to the coastal areas of Guangdong.Duan's plan was blocked in Jiangxi, because Chen Guangyuan, the governor of Jiangxi, belonged to the Zhili lineage, and the Zhili and Anhui lines disagreed on the use of troops to the south, so Duan Nai later sent troops to Hunan to open another route to take Guangdong.

The interior of Guangdong has always been unstable, and several forces are fighting openly and secretly.Chen Bingkun, a Guangxi soldier, is the governor of Guangdong and claims to be the ruler. However, Zhu Qinglan, the governor of the province, also has military power. He commands the guard army and local soldiers.They are opposed to each other, the warlord is opposed to the governor, and the Guangxi soldiers are opposed to the Guangdong local soldiers.In addition, there are two divisions of the Yunnan Army stationed in Beijiang, led by Li Liejun, which are the basic force of the Kuomintang.The Guangdong local soldiers sometimes united with the Kuomintang to fight against the Guangxi faction, and sometimes vacillated between the south and the north, between the Kuomintang and the Guangxi faction.

Guangdong and Guangxi declared "independence" when the Warlords rebelled and the National Assembly was dissolved.When Beijing was restored, the Guangxi faction chanted to send troops, but in fact they did not act. The main reason was to take advantage of the opportunity to unify the military power in Guangdong.The Yunnan Army stationed in Guangdong and Zhu Qinglan's garrison also wanted to make a northern expedition, but the Guangxi clique refused to provide them with military equipment.Li Liejun accused Lu Rongting afterwards, saying that he deliberately hid in his hometown Wuming and pretended to be sick, so he missed the opportunity of the Northern Expedition and let Duan Qirui return to the political arena to play with everything.

Since the Guangxi faction in Guangdong is the ruler, they are stingy with military expenditures for the Yunnan army and local forces, forcing the local troops stationed in various counties to raise salaries on the spot.Zhu Qinglan issued national salvation bonds in the name of the governor, while the Yunnan army raised stamp duties and even withheld opium from Hong'an Company for military expenses.The Guangxi faction used this as a reason to attack the Dian army and Zhu Qinglan. The self-government practiced by the Guangxi faction is entirely a speculative method. They believe that self-reliance is semi-independent.Because it is semi-independent, it decides how to deal with the orders of the Beijing government according to its own interests.Chen Bingkun rushed to Wuzhou shortly after Sun Yat-sen arrived in Guangzhou to ask Lu Rongting how to deal with it. Lu believed that resisting Sun would cause great resentment, and he should first reject Zhu Qinglan and take the local force over.After returning to Sui, Chen followed Lu's will and instigated Li Yaohan, the guardian of Luoyang in Zhaoyang, to expel Zhu and bait Li with the position of governor.Under the pressure of Li Yaohan, Zhu resigned from the Provincial Council and asked for permission to hand over the 20th Battalion of the Governor's Pro-Army to Chen Jiongming. This batch of pro-army Zhu was received from Long Jiguang. It was compiled as a local security force directly under the governor's control, and was later divided into 20 battalions by Chen Bingkun, and the rest were compiled as "provincial governor's pro-army", with Chen Jiongming as the commander.When Zhu resigned, he planned to reorganize this group of pro-military forces into the Marine Corps. Chen Jiongming was still the commander, and in name he belonged to Cheng Biguang's naval restraint so as not to fall into the hands of the Guangxi faction.

On August 26, Zhu Qinglan handed over the governor's seal to the provincial council, ignored Chen Bingkun and went to Hong Kong.Chen Dawei was resentful, and said in the announcement that day that he "run away privately and deliberately disturbed the public order." On August 28, the Guangdong Provincial Council elected Hu Hanmin as the governor. This election was illegal, but Guangdong was already independent and had only subordinate power.The reason why the provincial council elected Hu was because Hu was the first governor of Guangdong.But of course the Guangxi faction was opposed, so Chen Bingkun sent people to the provincial council to snatch the governor's seal, and took over the governor's pro-army with the order of the governor.On the other hand, Chen Bingkun has already recommended Li Yaohan to the Beijing government as the governor of Guangdong.Cabinet Duan was overjoyed that this independent province recognized the Beijing government's power to appoint personnel. He hoped that the conflict between the Guangxi faction and the Kuomintang would expand, so the Beijing government formally ordered Li Yaohan to be the governor of Guangdong and the guardian of Luoyang in Zhaoyang on August 31. .For the Kuomintang, the most important job at that time was to convene an extraordinary congress, so it was unwilling to fall out with the Guangxi faction on the issue of the governor, and would rather exchange the governor for the Guangxi faction not to interfere in the formation of the government.So Hu Hanmin resigned from the provincial council to thank the governor and replaced him with Li Yaohan, and the provincial council elected Li as the governor.

During this period, at the invitation of Sun Yat-sen, members of the National Assembly went south one after another. In mid-August, more than 130 members of the National Assembly went to Guangdong. On August 18, Sun Yat-sen entertained them in Huangpu Park. During the meeting, everyone decided to implement the law-protecting proposition and organize a law-protecting government. On the 19th, members of Congress issued a telegram cloud: "The Republic of China is unfortunate, disasters are frequent. Ni Ni called the army. The National Assembly was destroyed. The Zhang thief was restored, and the national system was shaken. The rebels took the opportunity to steal the government. With the rope, the crimes are equal, and the cunning schemes are repeated, encircling Hunan to spy on Shu, sending troops to the south, their momentum is overwhelming, relying on the Beiyang, suppressing the whole country, and filling the whole country to the utmost, our people would rather have the existence of the same kind. Fortunately, you all uphold justice alone, set up teachers to hunt down thieves, and swear to others to save Qianli and fix the country’s disasters. The responsibility of justice is the hope of our people! The same people may be entrusted by the people, and their duties have not yet ended; today Driven by the country's thieves, the responsibility is hard to give up; according to the "Contract Law", I gathered myself in Guangdong. The number of people is not enough, so it is difficult to hold a meeting in a hurry. But the crisis of the current situation does not allow time. , Duan declared war, how will I deal with Germany and Austria? Internally, Huangpi will be isolated, how will I set up a government? Fanzi is important and needs to be discussed urgently. Deciphering the principle of sovereignty in the people, learning from the example of national changes, this decision is hereby An extraordinary meeting was held in Guangzhou on the 25th of the month to seek unification and respond to changes. The meaning is nothing more than that." The "Outline of the Organization of the Extraordinary Session of the National Congress" was announced in Guangzhou on August 29, 6: Article 1: Extraordinary meetings of the National Assembly shall be organized by current state councilors. Article 2: The deliberations of the extraordinary session of the Congress shall be carried out by members of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Article 3: The extraordinary meeting of the National Assembly shall last until the civil strife is settled and the effectiveness of the Provisional Constitution is fully restored. Article 4: Extraordinary meetings of the National Assembly shall not be held unless members of more than 14 provinces are present.The constituencies of Mongolia, Tibet, Qinghai, and Overseas Chinese are divided into provinces. Article 5: Proceedings of extraordinary meetings of the National Assembly shall be decided by more than half of the representatives present. Article 6: The chairperson and deputy speaker of the extraordinary session of the National Assembly may elect a provisional speaker if both the chairperson and the deputy speaker have accidents. Article 7: Extraordinary sessions of the National Assembly may set up various committees. Article 8: The organizational outline of the military government shall be formulated and announced by the extraordinary session of the National Assembly. Article 9: The extraordinary meeting of the National Assembly may be convened at any time to decide when there is a matter to be discussed by the military government, or when it is jointly proposed by members of more than six provinces.After the people's petition has been reviewed by the committee, it may be put forward for resolution. Article 10: This Outline is jointly signed by more than 40 members of parliament, and amendments may be proposed for resolution by more than two-thirds of the members present. Article 11: This Outline shall come into effect on the date of promulgation. On August 31, the Extraordinary Congress passed the "Organizational Outline of the Military Government of the Republic of China" and announced the following: Article 1: The Republic of China specially organizes the military government of the Republic of China to put an end to the rebellion and restore the "Interim Constitution". Article 2: The military government shall have one Generalissimo and three Generalissimos, who shall be elected by the Extraordinary Session of the National Assembly. Article 3: Before the effectiveness of the "Provisional Constitution" is fully restored, the administrative power of the Republic of China.It is done by the Generalissimo. Article 4: The Grand Marshal represents the Republic of China to the outside world. Article 5: When the Grand Marshal has an accident and cannot take charge of the matter, the Marshal elected for the first time shall act on his behalf. Article 6: The Marshal assists the Grand Marshal in discussing government affairs. The marshal has to hold other duties concurrently. Article 7: The military government shall set up ministries as follows: 1. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs.2. Ministry of the Interior.3. Ministry of Finance.4. The Ministry of War.5. The Admiralty.6. The Ministry of Communications. Article 8: Each ministry shall have a chief, who shall be elected by the extraordinary meeting of the National Assembly and appointed as the Generalissimo. For the election mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the person who has obtained half of the total number of votes cast shall be elected, but in case of the vacancy of the Chief, the Grand Marshal may be appointed as the deputy before the election. Article 9: The heads of all ministries assist the generalissimo in performing his duties. Article 10: The organization of the Marshal's Mansion and its ministries shall be determined by regulations. Article 11: The military government shall set up a number of governors, who will be appointed by the provincial governors who sponsor the military government. Whoever declares to sever ties with the illegal government by mobilizing the entire province's military force shall follow the provisions of the preceding paragraph. Article 12: This outline shall be abolished until the effectiveness of the "Provisional Constitution" is fully restored, and the functions and powers of the National Assembly and the President are fully exercised. Article 13: This Outline shall come into force on the date of promulgation. On September 1, the Extraordinary National Assembly elected the Grand Marshal according to the military government outline. Sun Yat-sen was elected with 84 votes out of 91 votes. On September 10, the military government was proclaimed, and Sun Yat-sen took the post of Generalissimo.The Extraordinary Congress also elected Tang Shaoyi as the Chief of Finance, Wu Tingfang as the Chief of Foreign Affairs, Sun Hongyi as the Chief of the Interior, Zhang Kairu as the Chief of the Army, and Hu Hanmin as the Chief of Transportation.Sun Yat-sen also appointed Li Liejun as the chief of staff, Lin Baoyi as the commander in chief of the navy, Fang Shengtao as the commander in chief of the garrison, Li Fulin as the commander in chief of the pro-army, Zhang Binglin as the secretary general, Xu Chongzhi as the chief of the army, and Li Yaohan as the chief of staff. The law-protecting government did not receive the support of the Southwest soldiers. Tang Jiyao of Yunnan ignored it, and Lu Rongting of the Guangxi faction was even more indifferent. After Congress elected Tang Jiyao as Marshal, Tang called on September 8 to accept the Marshal. Both Congress and Marshal Sun sent calls to persuade him. Not long after, Sun Yat-sen announced that Tang Jiyao was the commander-in-chief of the Yasukuni Army in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou provinces. Tang was still uncooperative. On the day when the Extraordinary Congress elected Lu Rongting as Marshal, Lu called the Extraordinary Congress to express his political views, opposed the formation of a new government, and advocated the reinstatement of President Li Yuanhong.The National Congress did not dare to condemn Lu's attitude, and made a supplementary decision on September 3 to welcome Li Yuan Hongnan to continue to perform his duties. Sun Yat-sen also sent a telegram to express his attitude of welcoming Li. Chen Bingkun, the Guangdong governor of the Guangxi faction, expressed another attitude. He entertained the Guangzhou press on September 8 and explained his position. So we oppose Duan and not Feng." As for the formation of a military government in Guangzhou, he said, "I cannot express my approval, nor do I want to take an attitude of interference, but the people of Guangdong cannot afford the military government and the extraordinary congressional expenditure. " The military government that protects the law is located in Huangpu Park in Guangzhou.At that time, members of Congress coming from the south could be divided into three major departments, namely (1) the Department of Political Science, (2) the Department of Good Friends, and (3) the Department of People’s Friendship.The Department of Political Science claims to be a moderate faction of the old Kuomintang Department. Its leader, Li Gengen, supports Cen Chunxuan. Cen and Lu Rongting have a subordinate relationship. Because of this relationship, there are ties, so the Department of Political Science has the advantage of harmony in Yunnan and Guangxi.The Department of Political Science is divided into two factions. One is Nanguan No. 50, funded and organized by Yang Yongtai. It is a part of the Department of Democratic Political Science. It has about 30 members. Cen Chunxuan is the leader. Important figures include Zhang Shizhao, Leng Yu, Zhang Yaozeng, Gu Zhongxiu, Yang Yongtai, Xu Fulin, Li Zhaofu, Wen Qun, Sun Guangting, etc.One faction is the Shixing Guild Hall, which was formed by Li Gengen's efforts, accounting for more than 70 seats, and using the indifferent Mo Rongxin as a puppet.The two factions have completely consistent views. In the south, they are called the Zhuhe faction, which opposes the main war party of Minyoushe. The Yiyou Department is the Yiyou Society. It is a moderate faction among the old Kuomintang factions. Its organization was originally "Chu Yu". The majority party in Congress, nearly 300 seats.With Wu Jinglian, Chu Fucheng, and Wang Zhengting as leaders, among the three, Wu is the speaker of the House of Representatives, Chu is the deputy speaker, and Wang is the vice speaker of the Senate. The Minyou Department is the Minyou Society, a radical faction in the old Kuomintang, and the hardest faction in the Congress, so it is called the main combat faction.Its agency department was originally Zhaoxia Building, which was the only radical faction in the old Congress.Its members include (1) the direct faction of the Tongmenghui, with Lin Sen, Xie Chi, Ma Junwu, Ding Xiangqian, Juzheng, Tian Tong, etc. as the backbone, (2) the Taoyuan Club headed by Sun Hongyi, and (3) the republican faction. In the Extraordinary Congress, although the number of political science departments is not large, they are the most capable of turning clouds and rain. Others include the Xinxin Club Department, which is a group that recruits members of the two houses. There are nearly 200 seats in the Extraordinary Congress. Although their political views vary with individuals Their history and status vary, but most of them are closer to the Yiyou society. Its party program adopts a collegiate system. Famous figures include Zhang Zhiben, He Tao, Yin Chengfu, Liu Yunzhao, Zhao Zhonghu, and Kong Zhaocheng. Among them, there are 60 people who prefer Chuyu, about 50 people who prefer Zhaoxialou, and about 60 people who prefer Political Science and Society.In addition, there are five small political groups such as the Mongolian Members Club, the Wenshe, the Guangdong Members Club, the Guangxi Members Club, and the Yunnan Members Club. It turned out that there were only more than 100 congressmen who came from the south to protect the law, and there was not enough quorum to convene a formal congress. This was borrowed from Article 7 of the House of Representatives Act in the Republic of China 2 years. The members of the Senate and House of Representatives who did not come from the south were dismissed, and then replaced by alternate members to make up the quorum. After the establishment of the Dharma-protecting military government, Duan Qirui wanted to issue an order to arrest Sun Yat-sen and Wu Jinglian, the extraordinary speaker of the National Assembly, but Feng Guozhang refused to issue an order. Therefore, the Beijing Procuratorate filed a public prosecution for the crime of "betrayal of the Republic of China", and the judiciary issued a nationwide arrest warrant for Sun Yat-sen.Duan was not satisfied, and on September 29, Feng was finally forced to issue a wanted warrant. The French military government also ordered Duan Qirui, Liang Qichao, Tang Hualong, and Ni Sichong to be wanted for revenge.