Chapter 95 94. Independence of Hunan and Shaanxi

On the same day that Yuan published "The Beginning and End of the Imperial System", Hunan Jingwu General Tang Xiangming declared independence. Tang Xiangming and Chen Huan were both Yuan's favorite ministers. He killed people like hemp in Hunan, but his elder brother Tang Hualong was against Yuan. During this period of time, he was in a very difficult situation. If he betrayed Yuan, he would be disloyal, and if he betrayed his brother, he would be unrighteous. Loyalty cannot be both.And what was the situation in Hunan at that time?Hunan was originally a channel for using troops from all directions. Western Hunan could march into Sichuan and Guizhou, and southern Hunan could march into Guangdong and Guangxi. After the failure of the second revolution of the Kuomintang, the Hunan Army was disbanded by Yuan, and there were only five garrison teams in the nature of local teams, each with three troops. The five battalions ranged in size, and their equipment and combat effectiveness were weak. The Beiyang Army directly commanded by Tang Xiangming had only Che Zhen, a mixed brigade, stationed in Changsha and Baoqing.Cao Kun's Third Division of the Beiyang Army was stationed in Yuezhou and was not under Tang's command. It was an effective force Yuan used to strangle Hunan's throat.After the Huguo Uprising, the 3rd Division was transferred to Sichuan. Yuan sent the 6th and 20th Divisions to Xiangxi to attack Guizhou, and transferred Ni Yufen, Ni Sichong's brother, to lead the 15th Battalion of the Anwu Army to Yuezhou, preparing to march to Hunan to attack Guangxi.

The Hunan People's Army revolted one after another, and there was a lot of turmoil in the provincial capital. In mid-April, the Guangxi National Defense Army set out to Hunan. Yongzhou Township Envoy Wang Yunting declared independence on the 27th. The Guangxi Army moved from Yongzhou to Hengzhou. Lu Rongting advised Tang to be independent and asked him to rest assured , the National Defense Army will support his status as the governor of Hunan, and Hunan anti-Yuan people Zhao Hengti, Chen Fuchu, Zeng Jiwu, etc. all came to Hunan to help Tang incorporate various armies to form the Hunan Army. Under Tang's restraint, Tang's attitude towards Yuan Then he turned from support to neutrality, and called Yuan to retreat the Beiyang Army in Hunan, so as to prevent Hunan from turning into a north-south battlefield.Yuan said it was acceptable, but secretly ordered Ni Yufen in Yuezhou to monitor Tang's actions nearby.

At the end of April and early May, Tang’s attitude changed from vague to clear. After Feng Guozhang and Zhang Xun’s April Qiaodian and Feng’s May Dongdian were published, Tang sent a telegram to refute on May 4. Tang said: “It cannot Due to the personal actions of the President, deleting the entire history of the four years of the Republic of China and handing over the original case according to the Qing Dynasty is theoretically unreasonable. Therefore, it is more upright to suggest that the President announce his resignation and replace him with the Vice President. "From this telegram, it shows that Tang advocated Yuan's abdication and Li Yuanhong's successor as president. This attitude is similar to the anti-Yuan's position of protecting the country.In terms of Tang's selfishness, since he is from Hubei and is from the same hometown as Li Yuanhong, it is beneficial for Tang to succeed Li as president. In this regard, he and Duan Qirui and Feng Guozhang, who are directly descended from Beiyang, have different ambitions. They are not happy with Lai's succession as president.

In late May, the Beiyang faction became more and more disorganized, and Yuan's regime was in dire straits. The pressure of the Guangxi National Defense Army on Hunan was increasing. The anti-Yuan militia in Hunan became stronger and stronger. Tian Yingzhao declared independence, and these new situations forced Tang to declare independence on May 29.In Tang's independent power-on, he also referred to Yuan as "my father" and said "perceive the privateness of encountering", Dianyun: "Jun Jian, former President of Beijing Yuan: I received a telegram from General Feng, appealing to my father-in-law to show my honor. I sincerely see that my father-in-law has made a declaration of sacrifice for the country. I believe in my father-in-law deeply and love my father-in-law so sincerely. Electricity, repeated three times, thumping heartbeat. State affairs are thorny, disasters and opportunities are lurking, like a thousand arrows in the string, they are ready to be triggered, and they must be fought by force. The power of force can be resisted by force. This is hereby Efforts start from the hearts of people without the slightest force. Since the rise of the army, there have been people all over the country, direct, indirect, positive and negative, and almost all of them are obstructed by our father. Xiangming Wuren, who did not know the power of human hearts at the beginning, even went to this point. Even my father may not know how quickly his power has come to this point. Now that this is the end, there is no other way to calm people's hearts and doom. There is no other way than my honor. My father's so-called sacrifice for the country is still as good as it is today. If we don’t plan it now, we will sacrifice our ears with the country! The commentators said that our government is using the aftermath as a plan to delay. Sincerely, it is unavoidable to speculate on the depths. Guessing that if my father does not retreat, the overall situation will be disturbed every day. The status quo can no longer be maintained, let alone the aftermath. The morale of the military and civilians in Hunan Province has been high for a long time. Up to the Nanjing Conference, there has been no result, and the hope of peace is far away. At the request of the army and the people, declare independence, and take consistent actions with the provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Sichuan, and Shaanxi, so as to promote my determination to retire and to quickly resolve the overall situation. Xiangming embodies our patriotic principles Plan, feel the selfishness of encounters, pay tribute with sincerity, look forward to resolutely and decisively, retire immediately, to lay the foundation of the country, and to honor the reputation forever. Don't take any risks, say everything here. Tang Xiangming knocks. Yan."

Tang Dian caused dissatisfaction among the National Defense Army, especially Lu Rongyan, and Guangxi poses a serious threat to Hunan. Tang Nai sent another telegram: "Yuan Gongjun, the former president of Beijing: Self-preparation will happen. The chief bureaucrats of the shufu are secretly giving orders with acts of treason. The e-books are sent twice, and they are both tempting and tempting. Puppet border officials, slaves, people, just say it, passers-by See you all. Xiang Ming bears dirt, and he cracks the crown and rushes. Hanging on the pebbles, he breathes every time he wanders! Huxiang, left and right, there is no limit. Now I can't bear it, and today I pledge to the congregation to take the same action with the provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, and Sichuan. You must know that the monarchy will be abolished, and you can't A criminal who is exempted from the law of the country. Although Xiang Ming has an affair with someone else, he must not forget the righteousness of the country. I have given my advice before, please abdicate and settle the dispute by telegram. Is this a violation? Soldiers and soldiers in the same robes have no hesitation. But even if there is a hopeless way to repent, it is not to fry the Osmanthus beans. If the whole country must be sacrificed, the only way to meet each other is to fight with each other. Compelled by affection, speak out in strict battle, Fu Wei thinks carefully It's a blessing for the trial! Tang Xiang Ming knocked. Yan. Sealed."

Tang Youzhi independently saves electricity: "Commander Cendu of Zhaoqing, all governors, civil affairs chiefs, commanders, divisions, brigades, and regiment leaders of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Sichuan, and Shaanxi learned: Xiangcheng treason, the law is invalid, resort to force, know all The ambition of the public is also bitter. Xiangming is rough and righteous, and has long expressed sympathy. Toxicism, humiliation and tolerance, in order to achieve peace. Shixiang City abolished the imperial system, declared peace, and still hoped that he would repent and resign on his own, in order to thank the people of our country. Because of the meeting in Nanjing, he sent representatives. Da stretched out and worked together to persuade the people to see the light of day again. After receiving calls from Xuzhou and Bengbu, the representatives of Lu, Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi provinces were not hijacked by the other party, and advocated that Xiangcheng should abdicate as soon as possible. Attack. Like this situation, there is no hope of a peaceful solution. Today, the congregation swears to sever ties with the Yuan government, and encourages the princes to join forces to attack. All are of the same mind, the soldiers will use their lives, and swear to eliminate the poison. Returning to the republic. Look at the tin pointer, but you are ignorant, respectfully hold the whip, and obey! Tang Xiangming, the governor of Hunan, is beautiful."

In the north, Shaanxi is the only independent province in northern China, but it was a scandal in the anti-Yuan movement, and independence became a means for local warlords to fight for power and profit. On May 9, Chen Shufan, the guard envoy of Shaanxi, declared independence in Sanyuan, claiming to be the commander-in-chief of the Shaanxi National Defense Army.Speaking of Chen Shufan, he is not an unknown person. When Bai Lang entered Shaanxi, Shaanxi General Lu Jianzhang relied on Chen Shufan to defend Xi'an.When the Shaanxi militiamen rebelled against Yuan one after another, Chen Shufan's troops had been in contact with various militias for a long time, which aroused Lu Jianzhang's suspicion, and Chen was transferred from northern Shaanxi to southern Shaanxi. The brigade commander of the first brigade) volunteered and led his troops to attack Chen. Unexpectedly, in the battle of Fuping, this young master Lu was captured alive by Hu Jingyi, the battalion commander of Chen Shufan's troops. Chen took Lu Chengwu as a hostage and threatened Lu Jianzhang to declare independence. He expressed his willingness to leave Shaanxi voluntarily.So Chen Shufan issued an independent telegram: "Shufan has exhausted its people's strength since the Xinhai Revolution, and can't bear to have a war. It has trapped our people and kept calm for several months. It was a negotiation between the North and the South, which had no effect for a long time, and the Shaanxi people's greed for the Lu Governor Violent behavior, grievances have been accumulated for a long time, and there is no way to stop it. It leads to the collapse of the counties and towns, and the disturbance is far and near. With the arrival of the land department, the disturbance is even worse. On the 9th of the month, in Pucheng, northern Shaanxi, officially declared independence in the name of the commander-in-chief of the Shaanxi National Defense Army, hoping to promote the progress of the peace talks, and to ensure the security of our Shaanxi. If the wind blows, all the volunteers will return. Now the army has been stationed in Sanyuan, and the army has worked hard Negotiate and order the troops to disarm and withdraw from Shaanxi. Lu has admitted that Shufan will be stationed in Xi'an tomorrow to accept the surrender and prepare to build everything."

On May 15, Chen Shufan led his troops into Xi'an. On May 18th, Lu Jianzhang, in the name of a mighty general, and Chen Shufan, in the name of the governor of the Shaanxi National Defense Army, issued a telegram: "Because of wanting to shorten the war disaster in the Central Plains and reduce the destruction of Shaanxi, Shufan declared independence in the name of the Shaanxi National Defense Army on the 9th. On the one hand, he asked Jianzhang to change his name to the governor and break away from the central government. Jianzhang recalled the elegance of Xiangcheng for 20 years. Then I dare not agree, thinking that the eight million souls in Shaanxi are locked up, but I can't bear to oppose it, so I plan to go my own way, let Shufan take charge of the province's security in the name of the governor and chief of civil affairs, and return to the capital after the establishment of the chapter, and deal with crimes .”

After Chen Shufan took office as the commander-in-chief of the Shaanxi National Defense Army, he gave Lu Chengwu what he called the commander-in-chief of the Shaanxi National Defense Army. When Lu Jianzhang left Xi'an on May 20, he took away dozens of boxes of belongings that he had collected during his three-year tenure as a general in Shaanxi. Before he left Xi'an, he was robbed by Chen Shufan's troops. Some of them were recovered, and troops were sent to escort Lu out of the country. Juzheng, one of the leaders of the Kuomintang, and Wu Dazhou organized armed forces in the Weixian, Gaomi, and Zhoucun areas of Shandong. Juzheng was called the Northeast Commander of the Chinese Revolutionary Army. Soon Wu Dazhou was renamed the Shandong National Defense Army.The anti-Yuan forces in Shandong were greatly expanded. In early May, the militiamen advanced near Jinan and urged Shandong General Jin Yunpeng to declare independence. If Jin Yunpeng refused, military action would be taken.Seeing the strength of the civilian army, Jin did not dare to refuse, so he used the strategy of slowing down the army. He falsely claimed that he was in favor of overthrowing Yuan. Yuan did not reply, and the military and political circles in Shandong Province dealt with Yuan with the resignation of the general.At present, for the sake of local stability, the militiamen should defend their original defenses. If they invade the government's defense line, the government will be forced to fight each other.At this time, the Yuan army and the civilian army in Shandong were evenly matched, and the two sides had been in a stalemate.Jin Yunpeng had close relations with Feng Guozhang and Duan Qirui in the Beiyang Army. After the Hongxian Monarchy, they were all alienated from Yuan. When the Shandong People's Army gradually became stronger, they took this opportunity to call and persuade Yuan to resign. , had to declare independence. On May 29, Yuan called Jin to Beijing to discuss the issue of abdication. Jin was ordered to go immediately. Halfway there, Yuan ordered Jin to be removed from the post of supervisor of Shandong military affairs, and Zhang Huaizhi, the commander of the Fifth Division, was reassigned to succeed him.As a result, Shandong's independence was aborted.

During the uprising of the Chinese Revolutionary Army led by Ju Zheng, the telegram was as follows: "Mr. Sun Yat-sen, Mr. Tang Shaochuan, Mr. Zhaoqing Cen Yunjie, Dudu Tang in Yunnan, Dudu Liu in Guizhou, Dudu Lu in Guangxi, Dudu Lu in Zhejiang, Commander-in-Chief Cai in Sichuan, and Commander-in-Chief Li in Baise: The military affairs have just begun, the southern service has been roughly determined, and the attack has not yet begun. Zhang, who is rebellious and unharmed, peace talks have been repeated, the sun and the moon sit in the desert, the hope of the elders in the Central Plains, the heart of the strong men in the sea, even if it is resolved peacefully, things will be done hastily, although the wolves are gone, the fox will still exist, the reality of the republic will not be carried out, the revolution There are endless disasters, internal strife occurs repeatedly, vitality is healed, temporary appeasement, eternal catastrophe is irreversible, I am so sad that I can not weep. Now my teacher is rising up Qingqi, approaching Jingguo, staying in Weiyi for a while, visiting famous cities repeatedly, scholars There is a will to give up, people have no ambition to live, reward and lead the three armies, wait for Mingjiao, work together to fight against each other, and have two hearts. Mere enthusiasm, you should check it out. The commander-in-chief of the Northeast Army stationed in Wei is at the front."

Wu Dazhou, the governor of the Shandong National Defense Army stationed in Zhoucun, also issued a telegram of the National Defense Army's uprising against Yuan: "Yuan thief is raging, harming our country, destroying civil rights, stealing artifacts, the whole world is indignant, and everyone is at heart. Zhang, Daxun has not gathered. Fortunately, the evil is full, and the emperor regrets the misfortune. Millions of trillions are at the same time, killing the thieves and protecting the country. We are afraid of the ancestral homeland, and the times are difficult. We will reward the three armies, clear up the evildoers, and swear to make the heroes of the sea. Bang, see the sun again. East Asian sanctuary, reappear civilization. Report the country's grace, and do your duty. It is not a last resort, but a good soldier. All my compatriots, I promise to forgive each other. I would like to reveal this. The governor of the Shandong National Defense Army Wu Dazhou, Commander-in-Chief Bo Tianming. Song. Seal."