Chapter 56 55. Official President of the Republic of China

The "Provisional Constitution" in the early years of the Republic of China stipulated the procedure for organizing the government as follows: According to the "Convention Law", only a provisional president and a provisional government can be produced, and then the provisional president will be based on the parliamentary election law and organizational law formulated by the provisional Senate. The election and convening of the official Congress will be completed within ten months, and then the Congress will formulate the constitution; according to the constitution, a formal president and a formal government will be produced.

But Yuan couldn't wait to change the interim president to the official president. Although the official Congress had been established at this time, the election of the president must be based on the presidential election law, and the presidential election law is a part of the constitution, so the constitution must be formulated and promulgated first.According to this procedure, it will take quite some time, and Yuan is eager to be the president. China will be recognized. If the Republic of China is not recognized by other countries, China may be partitioned; therefore, electing the president first is the key to supporting the Republic and consolidating the Republic of China.

At the same time, the military chiefs of 19 provinces and autonomous regions across the country jointly issued a telegram advocating the election of the president first and then the formulation of the constitution. This telegram was led by Li Yuanhong. The compromise plan was formulated under Yuan's planning, which was to propose the law on electing the president from the constitution, formulate it in advance by the Constitution Drafting Committee in the Congress, and submit it to the joint meeting of the Senate and the House of Representatives for publication, so that the president can be elected in advance.

At this time, in the Congress, although the Kuomintang still had the majority, the Kuomintang members were Yuan's political prisoners. As for the Progressive Party, it was even more pro-Yuan and opposed the Kuomintang.But Yuan was still worried, and Yuan's confidant, Liang Shiyi, Secretary-General of the Presidential Palace, organized a Civic Party.The task of this party is entirely to elect the president in advance. It was established on September 18, 2001. It includes three small political groups: (1) Members Comrade Association, which was organized by Li Qingfang, a member of the old Democratic Party in Shanxi; (2) ) Qianshe, organized by Cantonese people; (3) Jiyishe, also a group united by Cantonese.The party program of the Civic Party is: "Use the power of the state to implement political unity and improve the happiness of the people." The policy of the Civic Party is: "The first priority is to elect the official president in advance."

At this time, since it was inevitable to elect the president first, some Kuomintang members wanted to formulate and promulgate a constitution quickly after electing Yuan as the official president, so as to guide Yuan on the road of rule of law.This is to reverse the constitution-making issue, electing the president first, and then formulating the constitution. This has not only exceeded legal procedures, but also proved Yuan's selfishness.In front of the national law, Yuan can do whatever he wants and regards the government as his private property. How can the constitution restrict Yuan?

In the Presidential Law, it is stipulated that the term of office of the President shall be six years, non-renewable.Yuan said that the three-year term of the president is better, but if it is clearly stated that he cannot stay in office, the army will be uncontrolled.The fact that Yuan attaches so much importance to this provision shows that he has a selfish desire to permanently occupy the position of president.Yuan eagerly hopes that the presidential election can be completed early so that he can officially take office on the Double Tenth Day in the second year of the Republic of China. In the 2nd year of the Republic of China, the Senate and the House of Representatives passed the election of the president first. On October 4, the Constitutional Conference announced the hastily made presidential election law. At the same time, it was decided to hold the presidential election on October 6.According to the situation at the time, except for Yuan, no one in the whole country participated in the presidential election; the Civic Party was fully promoted, the Progressive Party followed suit, the Kuomintang was powerless to oppose it, and other small parties were insignificant.How did he know that Yuan was a thief with a guilty conscience and was afraid of accidents, so he ordered the military police and plainclothes detectives to disguise themselves as "citizens" and surrounded the Congress from Xuanwumen to the House of Representatives. And miscarriage.These citizens, who call themselves the Citizens Group, shouted loudly outside the Congress: "If we don't elect our favorite president today, you can never imagine it." This actually angered the congressmen.According to the Presidential Election Law, the elected president must obtain three-quarters of the voters, and the number of voters must exceed two-thirds of the members of the two chambers. Secret ballots are used for elections.

The official voting began. A total of 759 members attended the two houses. For the first time, Yuan got 471 votes, Li Yuanhong got 154 votes, and Sun Wen and Wu Tingfang each got a few votes.The miscarriage was due to insufficient votes; in the second counting of ballots, Yuan got 497 votes and Li got 161 votes, still not enough for the required number of votes; in the third counting of ballots, Yuan got 507 votes before he was barely elected.This election was held under the threat of force to the Congress and without a candidate for election. However, Yuan Shikai was barely elected after three votes. Compared with the situation of respecting Yuan as Washington, China, the difference cannot be counted.

When the Congress announced Yuan Shikai's election as the President of the Republic of China, the "citizens" gathered outside the Congress were directed by someone to shout "Long live the President!"Poor members of Congress entered the assembly hall to vote at 8:00 am, and did not release me until 10:00 pm. They were hungry, tired, and exhausted. The vice president was elected the next day. There were no citizens who "petitioned" outside the Congress, and the venue was extremely calm. Li Yuanhong won 610 votes among the 719 members present.Li is exactly 50 years old this year, and his birthday is October 18th.

On October 10, 2nd year of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai officially became the first official president of the Republic of China as he wished. The inauguration ceremony was held in the Hall of Supreme Harmony where the emperor of the Qing Dynasty was enthroned. Among them, Shixu, the head of the Qing Dynasty, Xu Shichang, and Zhao Bingjun, the old friends of Songshan, won the first honor.On the day Yuan took office, the governments of Russia, France, Britain, Germany, Austria, Italy, Japan, Belgium, Denmark, Portugal, Netherlands, Switzerland, and Norway all issued notes recognizing the Republic of China.The Xunqing royal family also sent representatives to congratulate Yuan.

October 10, 2nd year of the Republic of China was the second anniversary of the Wuchang Uprising of 1911 and the day when Yuan Shikai, the first official president of the Republic of China, took office.On this day, the distinguished guests attending the presidential inauguration ceremony must wear a dress and a top hat.The day before, it was raining heavily in the city of Beijing, and the mud in the streets was three feet deep. Due to the inauguration ceremony of the president, there were many guests attending, and all the horse-drawn carriages in the city were rented out.All the guests watching the ceremony get off at Xihua Gate. After entering, there are lounges for guests on both sides, including administrative officers, judicial officials, congressmen, Chinese and foreign journalists, Mongolian and Tibetan representatives, bank groups, representatives of the Qing Dynasty, and diplomatic envoys from various countries. .

The grand ceremony began at 10:10 on October 10. Yuan Shikai took an eight-person sedan chair, led by 240 guards in gold crowns and blue uniforms holding halberds in front, and four small sedan chairs behind. Chief Military Officer Yin Chang and Deputy Chief Tang Zaili. The guests file into the auditorium - the Hall of Supreme Harmony, where civil and military officials stand on the east side, guests stand on the west side, and members of Congress stand in the middle.There is one in the hall, and the word auditorium hangs on the stage, and then the national flag is crossed.In the originally arranged order, the senators also stood on the west side. On behalf of the senators, Wang Jiaxiang protested to Zhu Qiqian, the head of the ceremony preparation department and the chief of internal affairs. Listen to the President's oath, otherwise it will be a constitutional issue.The Ceremony Preparatory Office accepted this opinion, and the members were changed to the middle; but the newspapers criticized it as inappropriate, thinking that a member is not a parliament, a member is just a person, and should not perform his duties outside the parliament. The president should only swear an oath to the national flag. Sworn to MPs. When all the people watching the ceremony stood upright, the guards with golden crowns and blue uniforms and holding halberds led Yuan Shikai, the first president of the Republic of China, to the stage.Cheng Ke, the ceremonial official, and Yuan Shikai read out the oath: "I swear to abide by the constitution with sincerity and perform the duties of the President." After the completion of the ceremony, Yuan Shikai returned to the side hall to receive the diplomatic corps and Pu Lun, the representative of the Xunqing royal family. After the inauguration ceremony, a tea party was held in the Hall of Martial Arts to entertain all the guests who watched the ceremony. On the Hall of Martial Arts, there were layers of top hats and dresses. Nine out of ten people were wearing foreign dresses for the first time. I don't know where to put it, and I don't know how to use the handkerchief. Some pants are so long that they drag the floor, and some are so short that they look like shorts. At 4:00 p.m. that day, the Second Republic Memorial Meeting was held at Xiannongtan. Due to the rain, the scene was extremely deserted.There are portraits of revolutionary martyrs hanging in the sacrificial room of Xiannongtan. At this time, the photos of Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing have been removed and abandoned in a room.There are many couplets in the room, and one couplet reads: "The painted tiger is only made of skin, I hope you will not forget it in Ju. I laughed when I fell into the donkey. I am happy to see Chonghua today." At 9:30 p.m. is the reception of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The guest house in Shidaren Hutong is the new site of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It is signed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs Sun Baoqi, and entertains ministers and their wives from various countries, bank groups, business circles, and newspaper circles. Leaders and their wives, Chinese state servants and chief executives.Sun Baoqi and his vice minister Cao Rulin received him in person.After the reception, there was a dance party. Among the noble ladies in China, Mrs. Gu Weijun was the most prominent. She was the daughter of former Prime Minister Tang Shaoyi and was the flower of the social circle at that time. Yuan became the president of the Republic of China and issued a manifesto. The full text is very long. This is a policy declaration, which shows Yuan's ambition at that time.Transcribed hereafter: Yu Bucai, who has lived in the political circle for decades, has always maintained conservatism, thinking that the foundation of the country is to establish laws and regulations, and to straighten out disciplines, and then adapt to the current situation and evolve with the crowd.Therefore, in the reformation of various policies in the past, all those who are enough to open up the atmosphere must be drawn one by one.However, it is better to adopt gradual rather than rapid progress. Taking the importance of the country and the people, it cannot be put all the eggs in one basket, and the teachings of the ancestors of the four thousand years should not be left without room for mourning!After Wushen, he returned to the fields to study farming, and no longer heard about political affairs. His ambition to save the country in his life has passed away.The incident in Wuhan started, and was forced by the current situation, and I was at the brunt of it. I was afraid that our country and people would not survive, and wanted to reduce their pain.Later, the Qing emperor abdicated, and the republic was completed. With the persistence of the five major clans, he was promoted as the interim president.This kind of government has been in its infancy in our country four thousand years ago, and it is basically the same; it is restricted by power and cannot be carried out.However, I endure it and endure it, hoping for peace.But in July of this year, a small number of mobs undermined the unity and overthrew the country. This newly born Republic of China in East Asia is worried that it will not be guaranteed.In order to save the country and the people, I had to use soldiers as a last resort. Fortunately, people were tired of chaos, and the soldiers used their lives. In less than two months, the civil strife was put to rest.I really want to be dismissed and return to the land, and enjoy the happiness of the republic for a long time. However, the National Assembly elects each other, and the allies use the date of election as the date of recognition. !Gai Yu is also a member of the people, and he has a serious heart, but he knows how to save the country and the people, but he dare not know the success or failure, and he dare not calculate the reputation of work and rest, so he is eager to do his job.Today, with Yu Ji’s sincerity and love, I would like to say this to the people of our country: Western Confucianism has always said that a constitutional state emphasizes law, and a republic emphasizes morality. Morality is the essence, and the law is the function.Today, our people will leap forward to become the people of the republic, and we have to use the law to supplement morality.Yu Li visited scholars in France and the United States, and obtained the definition of republic.A republic adopts the will of the masses, formulates complete laws, and the masses strictly abide by them; if there is freedom outside the law, they will be ashamed of it.This kind of law-abiding habit must be cultivated over a long period of time, such as having time in daily life and eating in moderation, and then rule the country by law.Our people's nature is the most docile, but it is weaker than the habit of abiding by the law.I hope that the people will abide by the laws of their own country. If they practice for a long time, their morality will become higher and higher, but they don't know it. And the republic takes the people as the main body, and the general will of the majority of the people is to live and work in peace and contentment.After the reform, the people were stimulated by all kinds of stimuli, and they spoke horribly. Yu day hoped that the people would recover, and dared not carry out a government that harassed the people.I wish to try my best to make the people really enjoy the common happiness, so as to achieve the goal of philanthropy.The livelihood of the people is dying, and they are forced by hunger and cold. The mob, especially the cunning, uses these poor people to drive them to death, which is extremely sympathetic.If you want the long-term peace and stability of the country, everyone must have a livelihood.And to achieve this goal, it must tend to focus on agriculture, industry and commerce.I heard that the top figures in civilized countries are often willing to be industrialists.Our country has the right time and place, and we don’t let the powers of the country just focus on cultivation and animal husbandry, poor workmanship, mines, forests and fisheries, abandoned goods on the ground, no trade, and exports are decreasing.I hope that the people of the whole country will pay attention to industry in order to make use of their livelihoods and strengthen themselves fundamentally. Although, there are two reasons for the underdevelopment of industry: one is the childish education; the other is the lack of capital.No matter what industry, it is all related to science. I don’t know physics and chemistry, and I don’t talk about steam and electricity. People fight with learning and business, but I stick to the old law and superstitiously talk.I hope that the citizens will import foreign civilization education, that is, politics, law and other studies, which also have practicality and no empty words.This is the case with Yu's concept of education. If we don't do business without capital, how can we call it poor given our country's rich geology and abundant material resources?What a stranger needs is nothing but clothing, food and shelter, and money is his bargaining chip.But there is not enough money to be exchanged for, and the lack of money is also a lack of bargaining chips. Therefore, in order to prepare for the start of all industries, the capital has to rely on the neighbors who are rich in bargaining chips.Since the land has been opened up, there is no open land, no vagrants, and the borrowed capital mother and child live together, in addition to repaying the principal and interest, there is still a surplus. How is it compared to those who worry about poverty?Therefore, I hope that our country will import foreign capital to revitalize its industry. The importation of foreign civilizations and their capital is nationalism, not cosmopolitanism.The culmination of world civilization is nothing more than using one's surplus to help others' deficiencies, so that each society can find its own place, and there are almost no national boundaries to speak of.Confucius liked to say that there is great harmony in our country. The current republic of our country must be swept away from the old ideas of the closed-door era.All citizens of our country should abide by the laws of their own country, especially the laws common to all nations.When interacting with other countries, treat everything in a civilized manner. There must be no opinions that discriminate against outsiders, which will cause obstacles and violate justice.Recently, the policies of various countries towards us are all based on peace and justice, and they have helped us a lot in times of trouble. We have solidified the civilization of the world, and we especially feel the friendship of all countries.All citizens of our country should understand this meaning clearly, and focus on being open and honest and consolidating diplomatic relations.The president of this university declares that all treaties and conventions signed by the former Qing government and the provisional government of the Republic of China and foreign governments must be strictly abided by, and the legitimate contracts signed by the former government and foreign companies and people must also be strictly abided by.In addition, the foreign peoples also earnestly recognize the rights and privileges and immunity they have enjoyed in China in accordance with international contracts and domestic laws and various established cases, so as to maintain peace through friendship.Every citizen of our country should know that this is a matter of course in the world; since I have evidence of sincere reconciliation, I can communicate with courtesy. The reason why I told the people was that it was roughly the same, and what I repeated to affirm it was still nothing more than the word morality.The scope of morality is vast, and the sages and sages have thousands of words but cannot fully describe them.If I can understand it, if I make an appointment, it is nothing more than loyalty and respect. The original meaning of loyalty is to be loyal to a country, not to be loyal to a person.Everyone takes the country as the standard, don't take the family as the standard, but can subdue the small self to benefit the large group. It should be light on rights and heavy on obligations, and not use one's own rights to hinder the overall situation of the country, but the responsibility is out of mind!It means loyalty. Confucius said: "The people cannot be established without trust." In civilized countries, there are those who use fraud to mock others, and they are humiliated as if they were tarnished by the government.When Washington was young, he was taught by his father not to lie.My country has always been devoted to trustworthiness. Recently, the people's hearts are not old, and they are accustomed to gossip. It is difficult to establish a body, let alone establish a country?In the former Qing Dynasty, Zeng Guofan said: "To establish oneself is based on not lying", so no matter internally or externally, one must believe in it. What is Benevolence?Civilized countries preserve the quintessence of their country, even though they have one name and one thing, if they are afraid of losing it, it will not affect the speed of their evolution.Our country has always used famous teachings as its great defense, and after four thousand years of embryonic changes, it has its own indelible existence; or it is biased towards ideals, destroying everything, not doing practical things, and only talking big words. Throw away everything in the country, the nature is thin, and the infection becomes common. If the original does not survive, how will the leaves be attached?So save it with sincerity. What is respect?If you have perseverance, you will have constant karma. If you don’t have perseverance, you will commit random words when you have something to do, and steal words when you have nothing to do. The job depends on laziness. Everything is ruined by carelessness, and no one is responsible. Watching the sarcasm from the sidelines, but turning indifferent to the internal affairs of oneself, the word "respect for things" by the ancients outside the world is almost ignorant!Therefore, to get rid of arrogance and laziness, we must respect. The above four words of loyalty, faithfulness and respect, Yu Shi and the people encourage them together!Recite daily in your heart, not out of your mouth.Covering right and wrong is the general policy of establishing a country. Although the likes and dislikes of the people are different, there must be standards for what is not good and evil.Yu Yuan people are discerning.People also have a saying that as civilization advances day by day, one should move from frugality to extravagance. If a poor and weak country does not learn from other people's civilization, but only learns from their luxury, it is a struggle between a sick man and a strong man!In recent years, the standard of living of the people has been increasing day by day, while R&F has declined.The country's extravagance shows frugality, as the ancients said, I hope that the people will pay more attention to frugality in their morals. All in all, the law and morality go hand in hand, and the country of the republic is stable and unshakable.As for the issue of national defense, our country is resting and recuperating, and it is not yet a time for armed competition; but what is more important to the heart, the navy and army are obedient to obey orders, and protect the people as their bounden duty. Who doesn't know the generals?However, these two are quite agitated by the recent turmoil, and they have not been fully effective. This is the responsibility of Yu's leadership, and there is something to be done.From then on, we should pay great attention to spiritual education, so as to treat the people. Therefore, Yu declares to the people with the most sincere and dear meaning: As long as Yu is in office, he will be responsible every day!For those who care about the Republic of China, the Republic of China is also a country with 400 million people. If brothers are harmonious, the family will be harmonious;In this way, I wish the Republic of China Yan!