Chapter 52 51. The Second Revolution

After the outbreak of the second revolution, Yuan sent troops to the south on a large scale, and issued two circulars (July, 2nd year of the Republic of China). The first was a telegram to the provinces announcing their intentions: "Yi Yi was sick and sick for the rest of his life. He had been lying down for a long time. He had a little pastoral joy and thought he had nothing to do. This time he came out of the mountain because of the crisis. He couldn't bear to see the people trapped in the domain of cattle and horses. This is difficult. Since the incident, it has always been based on respecting humanitarianism and adapting to the general trend of the world. If peace can be maintained, it will never be broken up lightly. It is not because of insufficient military strength. The difficulty of making room for the past year should be shared by the people. Now that the finances and diplomacy are in thorns, the fate of the country is at stake. All flesh and blood should help each other in the same boat as the way to spread their crowns. , I will never talk about sabotage again, and bring about my own destruction. If there is one, I will be two or three unsuccessful people. Both are the culprits of the subjugation of the country, not only to live up to the expectations of the people, but also to contradict the original intention, but to sacrifice one's life, to preserve the overall situation, to exhaust our strength, and to kill this devil. All the kings have the same heart, and we are willing to encourage each other."

The second is the general order for "Gan chaos": "The Republic of the Republic takes the people as the main body, and the people's representatives use the Congress as the organ. If the politics is not good, the Congress has the responsibility of supervision, and the government is bad, and the Congress has an example of impeachment. The president is elected by the Congress, and it is the career of the descendants of the emperor in the age of the monarch. , are quite different. Today, the National Assembly is held early, and the representatives of the people are gathered together. The Constitution is still undecided, and the laws still exist. Without the approval of the National Assembly, there is no right to self-supervise, and there is no reason to make laws without authorization. How can a few people be free to act How can the struggle for the rights of a few people cover up the eyes and ears of the people's representatives all over the world. The president and vice president of this time have repeatedly announced the dispatch of troops to Xun. It is a tool. Now reading Ouyang Wu’s telegram, he actually pointed out that the national army is Yuan Jun, who has no national concept at all, and is purely tribal. It is also called rape and slaughter, and the tomb is a market, etc. Jiujiang is a place where Chinese and foreign people live together. The envoys of inspection kept flocking to and fro, so nothing was heard or seen. When Chen Tingxun was in a hurry, Li Jiandu sent troops to perform their duties in an upright manner. What is a conspiracy? Rescue by a lone army is what is called a three-way attack. There are sayings such as "Li Liejun went to Hukou, and Wu sent two regiments to attack" and other words, there are traitors who have entered the fortress, and the central government should take care of the reason why the governor withdraws troops to take advantage of the bandits? It is not enough for Chen Tingxun and Liu Shijun to be near Jiujiang. Is Ouyang Wuyuan's telegram in Nanchang enough to believe? How can the 30 million lives and properties in Jiangxi Province not be the people of the Republic of China? The two regiments led by Li Chun are not the Jiangxi defense army that is also in charge? Ouyang Wu used the guards If you are not enough, you will be the governor, and you will be appointed by the provincial capital. There is a contract, but there is no such clear rule, it seems so ridiculous, to deceive the three-foot boy, and to deceive the people of the world, who will believe it! The purpose of Anmin is completely inconsistent with the repeated orders. The excuses are slandered, the soldiers are guilty, the government is regarded as an enemy, and the Congress is regarded as a land. Overthrow the Republic, destroy the Republic of China, the public enemy of the whole country, and the sinner of all generations. I am an innocent good citizen. , then ran around and wandered, not knowing where to go. The president of this country is really sad. The president of this country is over 50 years old, and the disease has invaded. With the entrustment of 400 trillion people, he has endured hardships for more than a year. Cattle and horse slaves. This kind of sabotage, the president of this country will sacrifice everything to save the country and the people on any day. Now that the official election is about to be held, although it is very unworthy, it is absolutely unworthy to use military force to fight for power. The situation is hard and difficult, especially without power. It can be said that the vice president is also responsible for the heavy responsibility, entrusted by the president to fight against rebellion, and the responsibility is at stake. It may be regarded as the dispute between Hubei and Jiangxi, especially if it is not true. The governors and others, help together, don't regard the Republic of China as a matter for one person and one family, and don't regard the people's representatives as dispensable people. The lives of our five major clans may not be ruined by the hands of the rioters. Check Ouyang Wu's telegram from the day before yesterday , The meaning of the words is sincere, and if there are two people sentenced by telegram, it is difficult to guarantee that they are not held hostage by Jin Ren under the guise of a name. After sending personnel to find out, we will verify and handle it. This order".

On the 21st, the following order was issued: "The thugs in Hukou, Xuzhou and other places initiated chaos. In order to clean up the discipline and maintain the country's foundation, the government had to use military force to suppress it. It has been announced successively. The president of this country has honored the people's entrustment. Civil strife, duty-bound, and serious heart, should be shared by our people and known by all friendly countries. I am afraid that if the rumors are different, or the policy is not determined, the nationals will blame them for appeasement and raising traitors, and foreign businessmen will worry about their lives and property. If you don’t understand Announcement, so that the people of our country know the place of obedience and disobedience, and all foreign businessmen know that there is a way to suppress chaos and calm violence. Inciting soldiers, usurping land, arbitrarily declaring independence, undermining the unity of the Republic of China, and disturbing local law and order, these actions are really rebellious parties, and the government has to use soldiers to guard against them in accordance with national laws. The government of the Republic of China is of course responsible for the ruling power in the treaty. 2. The business and missionary work of the merchants and people of various countries is contained in the treaty. Wherever there is a disorderly police, the commander of the place should protect it according to the strength of the contract, so as to save the lives of all foreigners. Property should not be in any danger due to the chaos. Afterwards, the lives and properties of foreigners in the localities, if they directly suffer losses due to the suppression of the chaos, the government of the Republic of China will be fully responsible for it. The government of the Republic of China will never recognize any contracts with people that can affect the country or a place, no matter what method or name it uses. The commander-in-chief issued an announcement. Still, the Minister of Foreign Affairs wrote a letter to the ministers of various countries stationed in Beijing to check the photos, and to show the sincerity of the president's sincerity in the support of the deputy allies. This order."

When Yuan sent troops to the south in a big way, although he had torn his face on the Kuomintang and was full of traitors, he was still very polite to Mr. Sun Yat-sen alone.However, Sun Yat-sen could not but express a solemn attitude, so he sent a telegram to Yuan. The original telegram said: "Learning from President Yuan Da of Beijing: Wen Yu went north last year, shook hands with the public, and heard that the public is dedicated to the people's country, and he thinks it is hard to be in office for a day. Wen said that the people belong to the public, not only in the provisional government, but within ten years. , the president is none other than the public. This statement is not only to the public, but also to the people. Since then, although passionate people have made reproaches when they are public, the original intention of the article is not changed. Why did the Tusong case happen? Since then, the evidence has been announced, and there have been many surprises. Unexpectedly, public words and deeds are contrary to this, both angry and resentful; and the public even borrowed money illegally, using combat expenses, deploying troops for no reason, and speeding up the disaster of war. As a result, the southeast militia rose up, and everyone spoke a word, gathered in one body. At this time, Yigong must use the words of calming chaos, so no matter the southeast army or civilians, they did not rebel against the country, did not disturb the order, and there should be no chaos; Even if there is chaos, who is causing the chaos? The public will not be able to explain themselves to the future generations. The public is trapped in the injustice of the public, and it is today. At this time, we must persuade the public to take advantage of this, and build up their prestige and anger. This But it is self-made, not for the people, but for the public. The Qing emperor resigned, and the public raised his plan. The Qing emperor couldn't bear the people's misery, and the public would rather bear it? Gongguo wants to achieve success in one battle, and it is appropriate to use it for loyalty to the Qing emperor. It is not appropriate to use it at this time. The speaker said that although the public wanted to retire, but the subordinates held him back, he could not make a decision. However, everyone has their own difficulties. Wen resigned on the same day and recommended it to the people. Obedient to the intention of the Northern Army, but not aware of the entrustment of the people of the Seventeen Provinces. At that time, the text did not move. There is more than enough room for people to advance and retreat. If you are incompetent, you must not be a public servant. As a public servant, if you are opposed by the people, you should retire, let alone fight to the death with the people! Killing an innocent to gain the world is still unacceptable, let alone shed the blood of the world to follow your own desires! Today, the public has no choice but to resign; he came here in the past to take charge of the world, but today he leaves to relieve the world's disasters. The origin is bright, so what a pity for the public! If the public can do this, Wen Bi will urge the southeast army and people to do their best. The evil feeling is good intentions, and does not make the public worry about riding a tiger; if the public must want to destroy the people in order to succeed, and good words will not enter, Wen can't bear the southeast people's long-term poverty and military revolution, so he must use his previous determination to oppose the autocratic monarchy. . This is my last advice, and I can only learn from it!"

At the same time, Sun Yat-sen issued a power-on call, saying slightly: "The Beijing Senate, the House of Representatives, the State Council, the governors of all provinces, the chiefs of civil affairs, the commanders of the armies, divisions, and brigades learned from each other: the Jiangxi incident occurred, and Nanjing responded in response, unanimously calling for Yuan as a banner... The general trend is now, and the bloodshed of the whole country is tied to Yuan As a person of the family, I heard that the Yuan family decided to treat it with military force. Regardless of victory or defeat, it is inevitable that the people will live in misery.... The Yuan family came out of this, not only bringing disaster to the Republic of China, but also making the countries laugh. ...Yuan should not use the excuse of the support of his subordinates to reject the request of the people in the southeast. It can be affirmed. The maintenance of the Republic of China is dependent on the people. , and persuade Yuan to resign as soon as possible to end the war! If Yuan refuses to listen, he will sacrifice the people of the country to achieve his own career. I think you will not tolerate this culprit! At this time, only After being a citizen, I will never look back."

The second revolution started in Jiangxi. Although the Jiangxi army won a beautiful victory at the beginning, after the reinforcements of the Beiyang army, they made great strides. The stalemate lasted for more than ten days. , On the evening of July 24, the artillery counterattacked the Jiangxi army.The Jiangxi army was unprepared and encountered enemies one after another, so they had to abandon Hukou as a last resort. On the 25th, the Northern Army entered and occupied Hukou County. Although Li Liejun tried his best to resist, the fortress was lost and the door was wide open. Jiangxi was no longer in danger. On August 18, Nanchang fell.Yuan Shikai appointed Li Chun as the Jiangxi army guard, Li Tingyu assisted in Jiangxi military affairs, and Ma Jizeng, the brigade commander, was promoted to the sixth division commander.

After Yuan Jun invaded Nanchang, the bad military discipline was similar to the looting of Nanjing. The wealthy families in Nanchang were all accused of being the Kuomintang, plundered their property, and raped their children, especially Zhang Jingyao, the commander of the 11th Brigade of the Sixth Division and the commander of the Nanchang Garrison. , just like Zhang Xun's subordinate of the Braided Army, more than 1,000 corpses were laid on the first day of entering Nanchang, and the tragedy can be imagined.When Nanchang was in crisis, Ouyang Wu, the governor of Jiangxi Province, claimed to be a sinner, and went to Qingyuan Mountain in Ji'an to become a monk under the name Zhige monk. After the Beiyang Army completely occupied Jiangxi in mid-September, Ni Zhankui, the director of the Jiangxi Water Patrol, escorted him from the mountains to Nanchang.He wrote to the Nanchang Chamber of Commerce, saying: "My grandmother is ninety years old, and my father is seventy years old. They are unworthy of martial arts. They cry together day and night. They can't ask for death. They are sad." The Chamber of Commerce interceded on their behalf. Released from Beijing on September 27, sentenced to second-class imprisonment for eight years, and was pardoned on October 30.

When Anhui declared independence, Hu Wantai, who had been the commander-in-chief of the Anhui Army in Minyuan and disappeared before the battle, climbed up to the seat of the governor again, and invited Sun Duosen, the acting governor, to the original civil affairs chair.Soon after the two campaigns against Yuan Jun failed, Hu Nai canceled his independence, and fled with his grandson Duosen on July 22. The remaining vacant seat of the governor was given to the military police battalion commander Qi Genghuan for a few days, and then to Liu Guodong. On July 27, Bai Wenwei returned to Anqing, and Liu Nai returned to his original position as a small staff officer. On August 6, Hu Wantai, who had escaped, suddenly reappeared and was charged with the five major crimes against Bai. However, Bai had already left Anhui at this time. Ni Sichong came to Anqing on August 28, and Ni was appointed by Yuan Shikai as the governor of Anhui as early as July 27. Since then, Anhui has become a major nest of the Beiyang warlords.

Now that the Beiyang Army was victorious, Yuan's promotion plan appeared in the south. Duan Zhigui was still the commander of the First Army, and he was promoted to general, and he was actually appointed Jiangxi Xuanfu envoy; Zhang Xun was also promoted to general, and Duan Zhigui's right commander, Wang Zhanyuan Hunan Army Envoy. In Shanghai, due to the failure of the Nanjing Revolutionary Army, Yuan also appointed Yang Shande, the commander of the Fourth Division, as the guardian of Songjiang, Zheng Ru as the guardian of Shanghai, and Liu Guanxiong, the chief of the navy, as the governor of Fujian.

Guangdong and Sichuan were the fastest and easy to solve. On July 27, Yuan sent Long Jiguang and his brother Jinguang as the chief and deputy guards of Guangdong. On August 3, Long Jiguang was promoted to be the governor of Guangdong. Chen Jiongming left.Although Xiong Kewu in Sichuan declared independence on August 9, he was dismissed after only one month. The situation of Hunan's independence was mainly affected by the oppression of Hubei and the failure of Guangdong's independence, so the governor of Hunan Tan Yankai and the commander of the Hunan Army Zhao Hengti fell short. On August 12, Hunan was forced to cancel its independence due to environmental conditions. On September 17, Yuan ordered Tang Xiangming to lead four shallow water ships including Chu You into Yuezhou, and sent the third division Cao Kun to station in Yuezhou. Wu Xiangzhen, the brigade commander of the mixed brigade, was the guard envoy of Yuezhou.In this way, Hunan was completely under Yuan's control.Yuan still used a knife to kill people, and ordered Li Yuanhong to be the governor of Hunan. Of course, Li would not fall for the trick, so he respectfully resigned; Yuan asked Li to recommend someone to replace him.Naturally, Li would not recommend someone who had nothing to do with Yuan. He felt that Tang Xiangming was Yuan's best friend and a native of Hubei. On October 7, Tang Xiangming went to Changsha to meet with Tan Yankai. On October 24, Yuan issued a personnel order to dismiss Tan.He also ordered Tan to enter Beijing immediately, and at the same time ordered Zhao Hengti, the commander of the division, to be sent to Beijing to await punishment.Yuan's army entered Changsha on November 15th.

Among the people in Hunan, Li treated Tan and Zhao best. After Tan stepped down, Li telegraphed to Yuan, saying: "Tan's independence was not voluntary, but forced. He used medicine to seek relief. Yuan Hong dared to protect There is nothing else." Tan is a scholar, and when he saw Li's telegram for his relief, he immediately denied it, and he sent a telegram to the effect that: Vice President Li loves him and does his best to save him. I am not grateful, but I didn't rely on drugs, nor was I forced. I was the governor, and I gave orders to myself, and I was willing to punish crimes.After the Second Revolution, the provinces abolished independence, and there was a lot of scolding of Sun and Huang, but Tan never scolded; the governors often blamed that independence was forced or had a false name, and Tan was solely responsible. The Ministry of the Army in Beijing sentenced Tan Si and others to fixed-term imprisonment. Li Zai stepped forward to speak out, but ordered an amnesty on December 12, and only the rank of general of the army was confiscated "to show a small punishment."At the same time, Li interceded on Zhao's behalf.Because of this, Zhao Yi was spared, and he was sentenced to a third-class fixed-term imprisonment of four years and deprived of the title of major general.This happened on April 22, 3rd year of the Republic of China.Later, Zhao was protected by Cai E, and he was also pardoned on September 13, 3 years. Li is special to Tan and Zhao, but he is not good to other ordinary Hunanese. This can be seen from Tan Renfeng's letter to Li: "Recently, Wen Gong has dedicated himself to murdering people from Hunan, but the people who were killed will not be tried for crimes, and will not be asked about their names. In public servants, the majority ordered to withdraw their missions. How can they be caught without distinction?...The public puppets are stupid and listen to people's teasing. Sometimes they say the second revolution, the third revolution, the fourth, fifth, sixth, or seventh revolution, It scares people, as the saying goes, nothing happens in the world, and mediocre people disturb themselves. The public is domineering and ravaging me in Hunan. How can the Hunan people lose to Hubei? What can they do to the public? In the battle of Yangxia, it was not Hunan who saved Hubei. Huh?" Yuan Shikai issued an order on July 23 to revoke Sun Yat-sen's full authority to organize the national railway.On September 9th, the first year of the Republic of China, Sun Shi was appointed to organize the national railways and advocated the construction of 200,000 miles of railways. Unfortunately, people at that time had no foresight and thought that the construction of 200,000 miles of railways was simply a myth, so everyone laughed at Sun Yat-sen as "Sun Dapao".In fact, there were more than 1 million miles of railways in the United States at that time, and China was bigger than the United States. Even if 200,000 miles were built, it would not be a big deal.Sun Yat-sen unanimously planned the national railway plan. The first step is to build three major routes: the first is from Guangzhou to Guangxi and Yunnan to the Myanmar Railway; the second is from Guangzhou to Hunan and Sichuan to Tibet; the third is from the mouth of the Yangtze River. It passes through Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Xinjiang to Yili.Fundraising methods advocate borrowing, such as the Jingfeng, Jinghan, and Shanghai-Nanjing roads. The conditions are within the scope of not hindering China's sovereignty, the capital is set at 6 billion yuan, the mileage is 200,000 miles, and the term is 10 years.The plan was just drawn up, but due to the Second Revolution and Yuan's abolition of Sun Yat-sen's full power to organize the railway, this great plan was aborted with Sun's departure. On July 23, an order was issued at the same time, calling Huang Xing, Chen Qimei, and Bai Wenwei "traitors" and instructing Feng Guozhang and Zhang Xun to arrest Huang Xing and bring him to justice. Chen Qimei's reward is 50,000. After successive failures in Shanghai and Nanjing to challenge Yuan Jun, Sun Yat-sen left Shanghai on the Delun York on August 2, intending to go to Guangdong. Unexpectedly, the military attache of the Japanese Consulate in Fuzhou, Kyoyuki Taga, came to inform him that he was stationed in Mawei the next day. Cantonese generals Zhang Yiquan and Su Shenchu ​​had colluded with Long Jiguang and accepted Yuan Shikai's rebellious orders. Fearing that it would be unsafe, Sun Yat-sen decided to go to Taiwan instead.Before the trip, he summoned the accompanying comrades Mei Guangpei and Li Langru, ordered Mei and Li to go to Hong Kong first, and went to Taiwan with Hu Hanmin himself, and handed over all the money he brought with him, 600 yuan, to Mei and Li for backup.Mei and Li refused to accept, Hu Hanmin persuaded them to accept, everyone said goodbye sadly, and parted ways. After Sun Yat-sen and Hu Hanmin arrived in Taiwan, Zhang Ji and Ma Junwu also rushed there.At this time, all the campaigns to challenge Yuan in various places failed one after another, and Sun Nai turned to Japan. Unexpectedly, Yuan had asked Japan to refuse Sun to go ashore. With the help of Changzhi, he had to land secretly in Kobe.At that time, Hu Hanmin and Liao Zhongkai accompanied Sun in Kobe, while Ding Huaijin traveled between Tokyo and Kobe to communicate with the outside world. On September 6, the Beijing General Prosecutor's Office issued an order from Yuan Shikai to arrest the leaders of the second revolution. Huang Xing, Chen Qimei, Niu Yongjian, He Haiming, and Cen Chunxuan were the leaders of the Ninghu riots. The rest were Sun Zhongshan, Zhang Ji, Li Liejun, Bai Wenwei, and Tan Renfeng. , Chen Jiongming is also wanted list.Soon, Huang Xing, Chen Qimei, Ju Zheng, Dai Chuanxian, Shao Yuanchong, Deng Keng, Tian Tong, etc. also fled to Japan. The battle against Yuan in the second year of the Republic of China (also known as the Battle of Kuichou, the Battle of Ganning, the Battle of Hukou and the Second Revolution) was unfortunately short-lived. It was the first Civil War after the founding of the Republic of China.As a result of this war, the Beiyang army entered the southern provinces one after another. Except for Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Sichuan provinces, all other southern provinces became the conquest areas of the Beiyang army and its affiliated armies. Nine.As for why the four provinces of Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Sichuan were not invaded by the Beiyang Army, firstly, none of the governors in these four provinces belonged to the Kuomintang faction.Due to the expansion of the territory, the Beiyang Army not only wanted to conquer the north, but also occupied the newly captured southern provinces. In the process of deploying troops to the south, Yuan fully demonstrated that there was no system and no standard in employing personnel. As the investigation envoy of the Yangtze River; not only Feng Guozhang was appointed as the Jianghuai Xuanfu envoy, Zhang Xun was also appointed as the Jiangbei Zhenfu envoy, but also a Jiangbei review envoy Jiang Yanxing; Duan Zhigui was appointed as the Jiangxi Xuanfu envoy, and another company with the same title As for Hunan, three investigation envoys were sent: Cao Kun, Tang Xiangming, and Guo Renzhang, and two more inspection envoys: Zhang Xueji and Zhu Shufan.It is said that even Yuan himself can't remember how many official positions he has published in this colorful picture of official promotion.There are really all kinds of things, stacking beds and building houses. For Yuan, it is a means of restraining the heroes of the world and recruiting talents. Don't say that there are officials but no titles, even if there are officials and positions, it is also a mess. Some provinces have both a governor and an army guard, some provinces have an army guard or guard envoy but no governor, and some provinces have Literati are used as governors, but military officials are used as civil affairs chiefs. In some provinces, military officials are also appointed as both military and civilian chiefs. However, the main arrangements were not ambiguous. From July to December of the 2nd year of the Republic of China, Yuan successively appointed Ni Sichong as the governor of Anhui, Zheng Ru as the governor of Shanghai, Long Jiguang as the governor of Guangdong, Li Chun as the governor of Jiangxi, and Zhang Xun as the governor of Jiangxi. He was the governor of Jiangsu, Tang Xiangming was the governor of Hunan, Duan Qirui was the governor of Hubei, and Liu Guanxiong was the governor of Fujian.In addition, Yang Shande, the commander of the 4th Division of the Beiyang Army, was stationed in Songjiang to strangle the throat of Zhejiang, Wu Zhenxiang, the commander of the 39th Mixed Brigade, was stationed in Changsha, and Cao Jin, the commander of the 3rd Division, was stationed in Yuezhou to strangle the throat of Hunan. The failure of the Kuomintang's second revolution had a great impact on the Republic of China, because Yuan Shikai's victory encouraged his ambition to become a dictator and proclaim himself emperor, and dealt a fatal blow to the cause of democracy in the Republic of China.