Chapter 12 11. The New Deal is on the brink of failure

After Rong Lu went to Tianjin to serve as Beiyang Minister, he actively arranged to hold a grand military parade in September to welcome Emperor Guangxu and Feng Cixi to the military parade.It is said that after Cixi arrived in Ronglu's barracks, he immediately announced the depose of Emperor Guangxu, so when Emperor Guangxu heard the rumors from the outside world at the beginning of July, he was very excited and said to Prince Qing Yikuang: "I swear that I will not go to Tianjin if I die."So it was rumored that the Tianjin military parade proposal was cancelled.However, around July 20th, seven old-school sects, including Huaitabu and Lishan, went to Tianjin to see Ronglu. Lu talked about something, but Rong Lu suddenly transferred Nie Shicheng's army of 5,000 troops to Tianjin, and ordered Dong Fuxiang's army to move to Changxindian (40 miles away from Zhangdemen, Beijing).All these actions were not simple, which greatly stimulated Guangxu in the deep palace.

For the old party, since Huaitabu and other six officials were dismissed, Li Hongzhang was also removed as Prime Minister and Minister of State Affairs on July 22. Therefore, the ministers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs knelt in front of the Queen Mother and cried unanimously. The emperor changed the ancestral law arbitrarily, oppressed the old ministers of Manchu nationality, and demanded that Cixi return to the imperial court to train the government.Censor Yang Chongyi also drew up a memorial requesting the Empress Dowager to train the government and showed it to Rong Lu. Rong Lu agreed with it very much and showed it to Prince Qing Yikuang.Cixi did not agree immediately at the time, but the brewing of the coup was ripe.

Another thing is that Cixi and Guangxu fought hand in hand.In June, Kang Youwei asked Kai Maoqin Hall (in the west corridor of Qianqing Palace, very close to the South Study Room) to set up an advisor, and Wang Zhao also made this request.Guangxu ordered Tan Sitong to draw up an edict based on the precedents of the Kangxi, Qianlong, and Xianfeng dynasties. On July 28, he sent this edict to the Summer Palace to ask Cixi for approval.Unexpectedly, Cixi not only disagreed, but also looked very ugly, and threw the imperial edict beside the throne.Guangxu knew that his situation was very bad, and the conservatives surrounded Cixi very tightly. The already indifferent relationship between their mother and son had reached the stage of breaking down.Under this situation, Guangxu was really caught in a dilemma.

Since the promulgation of the New Deal, Guangxu, the young emperor, has been working hard day and night, because the emperor wants to read the memorials in person, and no matter who the memorials are, they can be sent directly to the emperor's case.Guangxu read the memorials early in the morning, and couldn't finish reading them until dark. Later, the emperor only read the important ones, and distributed the others to Si Jingqing, but he still couldn't finish reading them.The format of the memorials is not uniform, and some of them have been written on two feet long paper.Some of them criticized the emperor. For example, a Juren in Hunan Province wrote a letter to criticize Guangxu, saying:

"The method of changing the ancestors claims to be the creation, where is the ancestors placed?" On the one hand, Guangxu implemented the New Deal so diligently, and on the other hand, he had to deal with the opposition of the conservatives, which was really very difficult. On July 28th in the twenty-fourth year of Guangxu (1898), Guangxu suddenly gave Yang Rui a secret order: "Zhu Yu: Recently, I've looked up to the Empress Dowager's will, and I don't want to completely change the law. I don't want to depose this generation of old, absurd and stupid ministers. I think that I am afraid of losing people's hearts. There have been many decrees issued for rectification, and there are occasional remonstrances, but the firm will may eventually be of no avail. Just like Zhu Yu on the 19th, the empress dowager thought it was too serious, so she had to keep it. This is a really embarrassing situation recently. I also don't know that China is weak and sluggish. As for the danger, it is all the mistakes of this generation. But if I want to make a decree, change the old law, and depose this generation of stupid people, then my power is real. Not enough. If this is the case, my position will not be guaranteed, let alone other things? Now I ask you, what good strategy can you have to make the old law gradually change, dismiss the old, absurd and fatuous ministers, and enter the heroic and wise people, so that Its discussion of government affairs has turned China from danger to safety, from weakness to strength, but without any sacrificing intentions. You and Lin Xu, Tan Sitong, Liu Guangdi and other comrades discussed and negotiated promptly, sealed and sealed, and delivered by the Minister of Military Affairs, Wait for me to think carefully about the trial office before proceeding. I am really looking forward to it urgently. Special order."

At the same time, another secret edict was handed over to Yang Rui to Kang Youwei: "Zhu Yu: The current situation is difficult. Reform is not enough to save China. It is necessary to keep the old and absurd ministers, but it is impossible to reform with wise and brave men. The empress dowager does not think so. I repeatedly admonished the empress and made her even more angry. Few positions are guaranteed. Rukang Youwei, Yang Rui, Lin Xu, Tan Sitong, and Liu Guangdi can arrange for each other quickly and try to save each other. I am very anxious and beyond my expectations. Special orders."

In all honesty, Kang Youwei and his New Deal cadres were a group of scholars who lacked experience and no deep consideration to deal with an extraordinary situation. Therefore, when Kang Youwei received Guangxu’s invitation from Yang Rui, Lin Xu, Tan Sitong, and Liu Guangdi in the Nanhai Guild Hall, At the time of Zhu Yu, everyone was a little at a loss.Guangxu asked them for help, but they had no real good plan.After exchanging ideas several times, they came up with four countermeasures, but none of them were practical.That is: First: Set up a staff headquarters in the same way as Japan, so that the emperor can directly control the army and become the de facto general of the navy and army.

Second: Simply reform thoroughly and announce the change of Yuan as "the first year of the Restoration". Third: Move the capital to Shanghai to escape the persecution of the Queen Mother and the old party. Fourth: Summon Yuan Shikai, who was training in Xiaozhan, because he had participated in the Strong Academy and is now training for the new army. It should be said that he is a member of the New Deal School. When the emperor summoned Yuan, he should comfort him and ask him to be the emperor. Effectiveness, protect the emperor. Why did Kang Youwei and others take a fancy to Yuan Shikai?It was because Yuan had participated in the Strong Society and was considered by the New Party members to be a fellow traveler. At this time, Yuan was training for the New Army and had military power in his hands.From this point of view, it can be proved that the techniques of the reformers are not clever enough, and their understanding of Yuan Shikai is not deep enough.As for the above four strategies, the first strategy is completely empty, because the military command near Beijing is completely in the hands of the Beiyang minister Ronglu, and the emperor is useless as a general of the navy and army, and has no control over the army at all.As for the second policy of reforming the Yuan Dynasty, it is useless to the current situation.The third strategy to move the capital to Shanghai is even more difficult.

Guangxu chose the fourth strategy among these four strategies, which was to summon Yuan Shikai. After Yuan Shikai was ordered to train the new army at Xiaozhan in October of the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), he had trained the army for more than two years when the Guangxu Restoration reform took place.During this period, he trained the new army, joined the Strong Society, and was favored by Li Hongzhang and Rong Lu. He was a popular figure both old and new.At that time, the Beiyang Minister was in charge of three armies, one was Dong Fuxiang's Gan Army, the other was Nie Shicheng's Wu Yi Army, and the other was Yuan Shikai's new army. Among these three armies, Yuan Shikai's new army was the most orderly and well-trained soldiers. , with strict military discipline, seemed to be the main force in the north during that period.

Because of Yuan's half-new and half-old political attitude, the reformers believed that Yuan could be recruited to take up the task of King Qin. Emperor Guangxu knew very well that his throne was in shambles, so he had to have a good plan to rescue him.After he received the four secret strategies presented by Kang Youwei and others, he immediately adopted the strategy of winning over Yuan Shikai for his own use, summoned Yuan Shikai in the Summer Palace on August 1, and expressed his warm words of comfort.After Yuan left, he issued an order to commend him, and ordered him to take care of military training affairs with the title of minister.The next day (the second day of August), Yuan was summoned again and encouraged Yuan to work hard.

It was public that Yuan was summoned by Guangxu. The old school didn't know Yuan's attitude. Seeing that Yuan was rewarded and added the title of servant, of course they were afraid that Yuan had already joined the new school, so they immediately asked Ronglu to deal with possible new changes.Rong Lu transferred Nie Shicheng to guard Tianjin to block Yuan's way to transfer troops from Xiaozhan to Beijing; he transferred Dong Fuxiang's army to Changxindian to prevent accidents. During the days between the end of July and the beginning of August, there were rumors everywhere in Beijing and Tianjin. One said that the reformers were going to murder Cixi; Guangxu.Guangxu was troubled by these rumors and worried about his throne. On August 2, he wrote a secret edict and handed it to Lin Xu to bring to Kang Youwei: "Zhu Yu: I am ordering you to supervise the official newspaper. I really have a last resort. It is impossible for Chu Mo to run out. You can go out quickly, and you can't delay. You are loyal, courageous, and I know it well. I hope you will cherish your body and be kind." Self-adjustment and photography, in the future, we will drive more efficiently and build a great cause together. I have high hopes. Special order" When the New Deal was promulgated, Guangxu once changed Shanghai's "Current Affairs News" into an official newspaper, and sent Kang Youwei to supervise its affairs. This was just one of a series of New Deal implementations.However, by this time, the situation was very urgent. Guangxu himself was not sure how the situation would change at that time. He hoped that Kang Youwei could leave Beijing, because he was the head of the reform movement, and he was a person who was hated by Cixi and the conservatives. If Kang Youwei did not fall into the hands of the old school, then Kang would be active outside, which should make the old school scruples, and Kang can not only keep his life, but also wait to move from time to time to respond.Guangxu's painstaking efforts are really touching. When Kang Youwei received a secret edict from Guangxu on the morning of the third day of August, asking him to go to Shanghai as soon as possible, people in the New Party knew that it was a red warning sign, indicating that Emperor Guangxu was in danger.Therefore, Kang Youwei immediately wrote a memorial to thank him, claiming that he would leave Beijing for Shanghai on the fourth day of the lunar new year, and at the same time vowed to save the emperor with all his might.This memorial was given to Lin Xu to take back to the palace.Then Kang discussed with Tan Sitong, Liang Qichao, and Kang Guangren (Kang Youwei's brother) how to rescue the emperor and deal with the current situation.After weeping, several urgent steps were decided: first, Tan Sitong went to Yuan Shikai for a showdown, asking Yuan to stand on Guangxu's side and defend the emperor with military force; second, Liang Qichao went to Jinding Temple Rong Chunfu to spy .Kang Youwei, on the other hand, wrote farewell letters to all parties, checked the luggage, and was busy until dawn.At nine o'clock in the morning on the fourth day of the lunar new year, Kang visited his British friend Timothy Li and wanted to see the British envoy, who had gone to Beidaihe to escape the summer heat.I went to see Ito Hirobumi again, hoping that Ito could go to see Cixi and persuade the Queen Mother not to be unfavorable to Guangxu. Tan Sitong met Yuan from Nanhai Guild Hall to Yuan's apartment in Fahua Temple on the evening of the third day of junior high school.Yuan Shikai was summoned by Guangxu on the first and second day of junior high school. On the evening of the third junior high school, he suddenly saw Tan Sitong, a close friend of Guangxu's, visiting. Of course he knew that there must be a major event.He pretended to be calm to greet the unexpected guest.After they sat down and exchanged pleasantries, Tan asked Yuan straightforwardly: "What kind of person is the emperor?" Yuan replied: "Of course he is the emperor of Kuang Dynasty." Tan said: "The military parade in Tianjin will abolish the establishment, and I know it with one step." Is it?" Yuan said, "I have heard about it." So Tan took out Guangxu's edict and showed it to Yuan, and then said to Yuan: "The only one who can save the emperor now is this one, who is loyal to the world and is specially appointed by the emperor. If you can save your step, you can save it, if you don’t want to," Tan Sitong touched his head: "You can report to the Queen Mother, Tan Sitong's head can be exchanged for the high position of your step." Yuan changed color after hearing this. Said: "What kind of person do you think Yuan is? The Holy Lord is supported by my generation. I have met the Holy Lord Teda with me, and the responsibility of rescue is also the same. What's your opinion? I would like to hear The details." Tan said to Yuan in a low and serious tone: "It is said that Rong Lu received a secret edict from the Empress Dowager to take advantage of the opportunity of the military parade in Tianjin to coerce the emperor to abdicate and establish a new monarch. Rong Lu relies on his feet and Dong and Nie There are three armies, he must rely on these three forces if he wants to abolish and establish a major event. If the Dong and Nie armies confront the new army with one step, they will not be enemies. Using the new army to suppress the Dong and Nie armies, protect the emperor, expel the old party, and purge the court is a great cause for thousands of years and an immortal achievement." Yuan Ye replied in a serious tone: "If there is any change in the military parade in Tianjin, the emperor can move it to In the Shikai camp, it is ordered to kill the thieves, and the new army will be able to complete the deed." Seeing that he has entered Hong Kong, Tan asked: "Rong Lu has treated me well, how can I deal with him?" Yuan looked loyal. Se replied: "Saving the king and father is public, and the love of honor and salary is private. Public and private can't be both. Only serving the public and forgetting the private." Tan felt that Yuan could indeed be entrusted with a heavy responsibility, so he discussed various details with Yuan in detail.Finally, Yuan said to Tan: "Rong Lu has all the bullets and gunpowder in the camp now. Since the matter is so urgent, I must go back to Tianjin to make some arrangements." bid farewell. Tan Sitong's visit to Yuan at midnight was originally a big political adventure, but at a critical political juncture, any action is always risky. At that time, there was really no other way to go, so he had no choice but to make the move knowing that it was a risky move.It is said that Lin Xu disapproved of Tan looking for Yuan, so he wrote a poem to Tan: "Fu Pu weeping blood knows it's useless, how generous has he ever repayed the Lord's favor, and is willing to sing for the public to sing thousands of miles of grass, and those who are originally healthy should not speak lightly." The first little poem is a warning to Tan based on the story of He Jin calling Dong Zhuobing into Beijing to punish eunuchs at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty.Qianlicao refers to Dong Zhuo, and originally refers to Yuan Shao, all alluding to Yuan Shikai. It is really hard to say what state of mind Yuan Shikai was in at the time. He later wrote an article describing the whole incident, which was full of explanations to cleanse himself. It is the opposite statement.However, any decision made by Yuan is of course a very important decision he made on his own personality, morality and history.Yuan is a smart and alert person with sharp political tentacles. Naturally, his decisions have been carefully considered, and he has also weighed the severity of success and failure.We must know that Yuan at that time was a figure on the fence between the old and the new factions, and he was still a conservative among the new factions.If he succeeds in supporting Guangxu, his great achievements will only be inferior to those of Kang, Liang, and Tan, not to mention working with reformers, he will be inferior to Kang, Liang, and Tan in terms of knowledge and political opinions; but if he betrays Guangxu and the reformers, then He is the number one meritorious service. Among the conservatives, except for Li Hongzhang, he is the first-class figure.He doesn't take old school people seriously.In the choice between the old and the new, it is beneficial for him to defect to the conservative party. After Tan Sitong had a secret talk with Yuan Shikai on the evening of the third day, Guangxu was very happy to hear that, so he called Yuan Shikai again on the fifth day to give him encouragement. After Yuan Shikai was summoned by Guangxu for the third time on the fifth day of August, he immediately returned to Tianjin by train.Arriving in Tianjin in the evening, after getting off the car, he went to see Zhili Governor Ronglu and told Tan Sitong's plan.It lasted until midnight that night, a second secret meeting the next morning, a third secret meeting the next night, and dinner.At this time, Cixi's telegram to train the government behind the curtain had arrived.Because after Yuan reported to Ronglu for the first time on the night of the fifth day, Ronglu personally went to Beijing to report everything to Cixi, and on the morning of the sixth day, Cixi took action with lightning speed. In fact, in the past month, all Cixi heard was the news that the new party was going to cause chaos, and it was Yang Chongyi, the supervisory censor of Guangxi Province, who directly asked Cixi to re-execute political training.On the third day of August, that is, three days before the coup d'etat, he sent a memorial to ask the reformation to be inappropriate, and asked the queen mother to re-train the government behind the curtain to turn the crisis into safety. To confuse the minds of the people, to confuse the court situation, to quote people from the East, for fear of causing harm to the clan, and to implore the Empress Dowager to give political training immediately to curb the chaos. More than 20 years since Dongying launched an attack, the revolutionary Wen Tingshi and others pretended to use the army, and they were forced to cede the land for payment. The military calamity was over, and Wen Tingshi pretended to be indignant, and Kang Youwei, the head of the Ministry of Industry, called for frivolity and established the North-South Strong Society. It was banned and expelled according to the decree, but no harm was seen. It was Wen Ting's style without regret, and he created the University Student Association. Outside, Sun Wen, a rebel from Guangdong, was mainly worshiped, and Kang Youwei was mainly worshiped inside. In the capital of Hunan Province, Chen Baozhen, the governor of Hunan Province, expressed his faith and devoted himself to slandering the imperial court. The people of Hunan all hated it. This spring there will be a public examination, and Kang Youwei, his younger brothers Kang Guangren and Liang Qichao will come to Beijing to give lectures. Scholars' heart. Fortunately, scholars are well-educated, and they can tell their treachery once or twice. The Beijing officials also know what they need. In the past month, the law has been changed, the old ones have been reprimanded, and the pretext of opening up the way of words is used to position the party members. It is rumored that the former prime minister of the East, Ito Hirobumi, will come to Beijing soon and will take the dictatorship. Although the minister got it from the rumors, the recent rumors echoed like echoes Ito Kayong, that is, the world passed down by the ancestors, is nothing more than handing over to others. I can't bear to be silent because of the grace of the country. I can only look up to the empress dowager to trace the difficulties created by the ancestors, and pay attention to the appeals of the ministers. Immediate training In politics, the ministers were summoned, Zhou Zibo visited, and the members of the Mina Datong were strictly dealt with separately to correct people's hearts. The Emperor Shu followed Yi's instructions, and the world could turn the crisis into peace. The minister's ignorant opinion, write down the secret report, and beg the empress dowager for the holy lesson. I would like to play .” The history of Yang Chongyi’s performance was recorded in detail in the essays of (Xu) Ling Xiao, who said: “Yang Chongyi, the censor, used threatening words to listen to the government. , Chongyi said: "The king of Zhe has already seen it. If there is a big disturbance in the future, the prince can't blame it for not knowing it. Yiqian is a promise. After seeing him in the Summer Palace, he will play Chongyi in person. There is something wrong. Later still I made a gesture of leisure and said: I am idle, I am idle, take it over and have a look. After reading it, my face changed, and I summoned all the ministers." Yang Chongyi, styled Xin Bo, was born in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, and was a Gengchen Jinshi in the sixth year of Guangxu. It was compiled and edited by Shu Chang.In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), he was awarded the censor. After taking office, the first Shu was the first to impeach the Qiang Society founded by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao in Beijing in November of that year.As a result, it was ordered to ban it.In the 22nd year of Guangxu (1896), Wen Tingshi, a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy, was expelled from his hometown.Wen Tingshi is the teacher of Concubine Jin and Concubine Zhen, whom Guangxu favored.Normally speaking, Yang Chongyi was the first to make troubles and report changes. He can figure out Cixi's psychology and seize the opportunity.Unexpectedly, after Cixi came to power, he did not become rich and powerful.This is compared with Yuan Shikai, the two have their own lives. Not only did Yang fail to achieve success, but he was in dire straits. In August of the 34th year of Guangxu (1908), he returned to Yangzhou as a follow-up Daoist Dingyou in Zhejiang Province, and lived in Yangzhou. , deported back to his hometown in Changshu, and handed over to the local dialect under strict control. On the morning of the sixth day of August, Empress Dowager Cixi went straight into Guangxu's bedroom in Luanyu and took away all the documents.Guangxu panicked and knelt down in front of the queen mother tremblingly. The queen mother pointed to Guangxu and said bitterly: "I have raised you for more than 20 years, but today you listen to the villain's words and want to murder me. Do you still have a conscience?" , whispered: "Son, how dare you!" Cixi said: "Bah! Idiot, without me today, will you be there tomorrow!" On this day, Empress Dowager Cixi delivered a decree to return to the imperial court to train the government, the reason being that the emperor was sick and needed to recuperate.As for Emperor Guangxu, he was placed in Yingtai surrounded by water on three sides to "recover his illness". After Empress Dowager Cixi regained power, she immediately ordered the infantry commander Chongli to lead troops to the Nanhai Guild Hall outside Xuanwu Gate to arrest Kang Youwei.Kang had already left Beijing on the morning of the fifth day of the lunar new year. Chongli only arrested Kang Guangren and Kang's disciples Cheng Shiyi and Qian Weiji.They went to search Zhang Yinhuan's apartment again and arrested Zhang.When Kang Youwei was arrested, Liang Qichao was at Tan Sitong's apartment. Hearing the news of the coup, the two were relatively sad.Tan was very calm at this time, and he said to Liang generously: "Before this, we were all trying to save the emperor, but now we can't even save Mr. Kang. Now I have to wait for death. You should go to the Japanese legation to find Hirobumi Ito. Please inform the Japanese Consulate in Shanghai to try to rescue Mr. Kang.” After Liang arrived at the Japanese embassy, ​​the situation outside became worse, so he asked the Japanese embassy to grant him political asylum.Tan was fine at home, and Chu Qi went to the Japanese embassy to see Liang.Liang and several Japanese friends persuaded Tan to flee to Japan. Tan said: "The reform is a great cause, and blood should be shed. The Chinese have not shed blood for the reform. I am willing to die to repay the Lord." After being arrested, he wrote a desperate poem on the wall in the prison: "Wangmen went to Zhizhi to think of Zhang Jian, and I endured death to wait for Dugan. I laughed to the sky with my sword, and I will keep my heart and gall in Kunlun." Yushi After the coup, Yang Shenxiu asked why the emperor was abolished, and opposed Cixi's political training, so he was arrested.On the morning of the ninth day of the ninth day, Yang Rui was arrested in bed.Lin Xu was detained at the military plane.Liu Guangdi and Xu Zhijing surrendered themselves. At 2:00 p.m. on August 13th, Empress Dowager Cixi issued a decree: "Decree to ministers of military affairs, such as Kang Guangren, Yang Shenxiu, Yang Rui, Lin Xu, Tan Sitong, Liu Guangdi, etc., who are rebellious, and they will be executed immediately." At 4:00 p.m., Kang and others were detained. He went to Caishikou outside Xuanwumen to execute his sentence.Kang Guangren was the first to be punished.Before Tan Sitong was executed, he resolutely said to the beheading officer, "Come here, I have something to say." Gangyi blushed and walked away.Lin Xu asked sharply, "What crime did we commit without a trial?"Zhang Yinhuan was sent to Xinjiang.Xu Zhijing was sentenced to permanent imprisonment.Li Duanfen, Weng Tongfen, Huang Zunxian, Zhang Yuanji, Song Bolu, Chen Baozhen, Chen Sanli, and more than 20 others were implicated and convicted. They were either dismissed, dismissed from office, imprisoned, or placed under strict control by local officials. The resumes of the Six Gentlemen are as follows: Kang Guangren: Kang Youwei's younger brother, who studied Western medicine, went to Beijing to take care of his brother's illness. After the Restoration, he stayed in Beijing to assist Kang Youwei's documents. Yang Shenxiu: A native of Shanxi, he once served as the censor of Shandong, praised the New Deal, and impeached Xu Ying, a conservative. Yang Rui: Born in Sichuan, he used to be a minister of the cabinet. He was Zhang Zhidong's favorite student. Lin Xu: A native of Fujian, he used to be a secretary in the cabinet, a minister of honor and wealth, and a disciple of Kang. Tan Sitong: a native of Hunan, an alternate magistrate of Jiangsu, talented and knowledgeable, once advocated the New Deal in Hunan, which was very effective.He is Kang's private disciple. Liu Guangdi: A native of Sichuan, head of the Ministry of Punishment, once participated in the National Security Council. Kang Youwei appealed to the six gentlemen and said: Yin Qian tortured, Song Yue humiliated, the minister has no hatred, what is the king like?If the soul is alive, he should follow the example of Mr. Zhengxue and ask, where is Wang Cheng? The party of the Han Dynasty, the clear talk of the Jin Dynasty, revived the past like this, and it is still a strong one today.The situation of the country is so difficult, just like Zixu Xiangguo, hanging his eyes to see the Yue bandits flying. After Empress Dowager Cixi re-trained the government, she immediately overturned all the new policies. The eliminated yamen and redundant staff were restored together.The only achievement of the Reform Movement left to future generations is the Imperial University Hall, the predecessor of Peking University. There were many reasons for the failure of the Restoration Movement, and the empress dowager's lack of support was the biggest reason.In fact, the Empress Dowager represents the old school, and the old school is not just a few people. On the contrary, the old school is very powerful. Not only in the court, but also many scholars in the opposition are also stubbornly opposing the reform.Chinese scholars all claim to follow the laws of the ancestors, so advocating reforms is a big rebellion, and those who reform are always relying on the ancients to reform the system. When Kang Youwei advocated political reforms, defenders of Daoism would attack in groups. For example, Ye Dehui from Hunan wrote to Pilumen: "It is better to let Wei Zhongxian enjoy the Confucian court so that traitors know how valuable it is to escape than Kang Youwei. Hearing the uneasiness of chickens and dogs in the four surroundings; his words can be used, but his people must not be used." He also described Kang Youwei to others: "His appearance is like a hole, but his heart is barren." What directly aroused the entire opposition in the officialdom was because if the New Deal was carried out, many people's jobs would be broken.After the promulgation of the edicts of the six idle yamen, including Cai Zhanshifu, Tongzhengsi, Guanglu Temple, Honglu Temple, Taipu Temple, and Dali Temple, the officials in Beijing were in an uproar.Then the three governors of Hubei, Guangdong, and Yunnan, the governor of Donghe, and many grain roads that do not handle transportation, and the salt road yamen without saltworks will be abolished.The last edict also said: "The rest of the capital should be cut for civil and military vacancies, and order the bachelors, the six ministries, the generals of the provinces, and the governors to discuss in detail separately to hear about it." Shougong asks the Empress Dowager to keep it safe and take it back." There is also the "Abolition of Stereotyped Examination Posts and Kaifa Examination Method" on the surface, although it did not harm anyone on the surface, it actually had a great impact, because at that time the entire educational content was for the stereotyped examination. With a bolt from the blue, stereotyped writing was abolished, and all the hard work and time of the scholars were wasted, and all previous efforts were wasted.There is still time for young people to start from scratch, but the old people have no hope of fame and wealth. They are naturally heartbroken by the New Deal. Liang Qichao analyzed these phenomena and said: "...The opposition of the old-fashioned party to reform is not true because the new law is harmful to the country and the people. What I coerce to win worship is stereotyped writing. If I change now and study pragmatically, my advancement will be ruined. Also. What I rely on to get a high position is called qualifications. If I change now and appoint talents, my pride will be poor. What I use to fill my pockets is called fraud. The plan will be cut off.... The reason why I have the title of the second minister today, and those who support the frontiers outside, I don't know how many years of salary, and how many generations of competition. Now I don't do anything, calmly Wealthy, poor, happy, and lustful, you can already be born with great worship, die with a posthumous title of Wenduan, and your family wealth will exceed millions of gold, and your children and grandchildren will all have the shade of one rank. If the law is reformed, all officials will have to do things; I will do things according to orders? If you have neither learning nor talent, how can you do it; if you don’t do it, then Anken will give up my salary for decades and earn it through hard work, and I will resign to avoid the path of a sage.” "Zhang Zhidong tasted and said to me that the abolition of stereotyped writing is the first thing to do in the reform. Those who don't hear about the abolition may touch hundreds of Hanlin, thousands of Jinshi, tens of thousands of candidates, hundreds of thousands of scholars, hundreds of thousands of scholars, etc. Wan Tongsheng's taboo is that he is afraid that he will join forces to slander himself and squeeze him out." In a society, the conservative forces are always huge. Talking about reform means how to eliminate ignorance and reaction, and eliminate the conservative forces that hinder it. If the conservative forces cannot be eliminated, there will be no innovation.Seeking change and innovation is the need of the times, and a society must constantly seek change and innovation if it wants to progress.