Chapter 9 8. Small station training

Before Yuan Shikai's military training in the Qing Dynasty, there were three kinds of military systems: the earliest were "banner soldiers" and "green battalions". After Zeng Guofan organized the township regiments, the so-called Hunan Army and Huai Army were officially called "Yongying". Banner soldiers are the original military system of the Qing Dynasty.At first, there were only four flags, which were divided into yellow flag, white flag, red flag, and blue flag according to the color of the flag; later, four flags were added, which were bordered yellow flag, bordered white flag, bordered red flag, and bordered blue flag.Instead, the original yellow, white, red, and blue flags were called the Zhenghuang Banner, Zhengbai Banner, Zhenghong Banner, and Zhenglan Banner as the left wing, and the four banners including the Bordered Yellow Banner were compiled as the right wing. Two Wings and Eight Banners".Later, due to the annexation of Mongolia, the "Mongolian Eight Banners" was shortened, and the original one was called "Manzhou Eight Banners".After entering the customs, the Ming army surrendered and reorganized.There is also the "Eight Banners of the Han Army".The twenty-four banners have a total of 280,000 troops.

After the Qing Dynasty unified China, the most basic unit of the Banner Army was compiled as the "Forbidden Banner". The Forbidden Banner was all soldiers who fought under Changbai Mountain. They were responsible for the security and national defense of Beijing, which was equivalent to the Central Army.The remaining 200,000 people from the Han, Mongolian, and Manchu Banners were stationed in various provinces and important cities and towns. They were called the "Eight Banners Garrisoned" as a force to subdue the Han people. The defense area garrisoned by the Banner soldiers was very cautious at the beginning, it was to suppress the Han people, so the officers and soldiers of the Eight Banners brought their family members and were stationed in various provinces in China. There were 8 defense areas in total. Some set up city guards.There are 25 defense areas in important national defense areas and outside the customs, with capitals and deputy capitals, such as the deputy capital of Miyun and the capital of Rehe.

The officers and soldiers of the Qiying are hereditary, and they are born with food. After passing it on, they have become extremely corrupt.In the middle of Guangxu period, foreign aggression became more and more urgent, and the far-sighted princes and ministers of the Manchus proposed to rectify the banner camps and sent the children of the Eight Banners to study abroad, such as Yinchang and Liangbi.At the same time, actively sort out the garrison flag soldiers in various provinces, select elites and organize them into the "Eight Banners Training Battalion"; New style of training.But the children of the Eight Banners are used to being pampered, and the Manchu people's spirit of bravery and vigorousness in the past has been completely lost, so after rectification and rectification, the corruption of the banner camp has reached an incurable level.

The Qing army formed later than the "Qiying" was the "Green Camp". The system of the green battalion is completely imitated in the Ming Dynasty. The officers and soldiers are all Han nationality. Because the color of the flag used is green, it is called the green battalion.The most primitive organization is all the surrendered troops and the incorporated teams of the Ming Dynasty, and they are also very decent after reorganization.Because the Qing court was familiar with the geography and human conditions in the interior, it was very effective in suppressing the Han people. The ordinary people in the market had to use the green battalion to achieve the purpose of riding on the people, because as long as they passed the martial arts exam, they could be the officials of the green battalion. , It doesn't matter if you don't know it.

The green camp is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of War, and the national military camps can be divided into two types: "in Beijing" and "outside". The "Green Battalion in Beijing" is under the command of the infantry commander (i.e., the nine admirals); the lower part is divided into left and right wings, each with a general army, and under the general army is the city defense battalion, with deputy generals, generals, guerrillas, capital divisions, and garrison officers.Another part is in the Green Camp in Beijing, which belongs to the Governor of Water Transport and is responsible for protecting the water, and its position is equivalent to that of the road guard police.As for the "outside green battalions", they are directly under the provinces and dispatched by the governor or governor. Therefore, the official title of the governor of each province has the item "temperance of military affairs and management of food and payment", which refers to the green battalion.The officers in charge of the green battalion include the admiral, the general, the deputy general, the general, the guerrilla, the chief, the garrison, the general of the thousand, the general of the hundred, and the foreign committee.The formation of the army is based on the battalion, with one person in charge and 500 people in each battalion.The total number of green camps across the country is about 500,000.At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the green battalion was paid too little, which was too much. During the inspection, they hired market thugs to make up the number. was eliminated.

The banner battalion and the green battalion had become waste, and Zeng Guofan recruited natives to train the "brave battalion", which was the Hunan Army and Huai Army that later became famous and suppressed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.Due to the performance of this war, the brave battalion actually gained the status of the national army, and the banner battalion was added to form a fake, and the green battalion only remained in form, so the brave battalion became the only military force inside and outside the town of the Qing court.Yongying's Bule method is a rule left by Qi Jiguang in the Ming Dynasty, using bows, arrows, knives and spears as the main weapon, and shotguns and fire as the auxiliary.Li Hongzhang of the Huai Army and Gordon, a native of Yingying, organized and trained the foreign gun team, which was the beginning of adopting new types of ordnance for China.

The military discipline of the Yongying camp is very bad. Looting, rape and killing are regarded as a habit. The soldiers under Zeng Guoquan's command were even worse. When they invaded Nanjing, the whole city was ruined. After the war, the corruption of Yongying was unspeakable.The generals of the Hunan and Huai armies were also proud of their merits, and they were defeated in several foreign wars, especially in the Sino-Japanese War, when the Huai army Wei Rugui was wiped out, and the shortcomings of the old army were completely exposed, so the Qing government made up its mind. Eliminate the old army and train the new army.

Since the flag battalion and the green battalion have been corroded to the extreme, and the brave battalion is only a flash in the pan, before the Sino-Japanese War, the people of insight in the Qing court had already realized that the Qing army was unstoppable, so Li Hongzhang deliberately imitated the Western French military training during his tenure as the direct governor. , set up a Tianjin military equipment school, Gordon purchased new firearms on his behalf, hired German military officers as instructors, and Manchu Yinchang was the general manager.It is a pity that military education and military organization cannot cooperate, so the students who graduated from the Tianjin Armed Forces Academy were assigned to serve as instructors in the various armies of the Huai Army to teach new exercises, while the command of the army is still in the hands of the old commander, and all strategies and tactics are still outdated , Therefore, in the Sino-Japanese War, the Huai army suffered a crushing defeat, and Wei Rugui, the most famous commander of the Huai army, was wiped out.At this time, the Qing court suddenly realized that it was not enough to train troops in Western France, and the entire army must be thoroughly reformed.Therefore, Zhang Zhidong, governor of Liangjiang, first trained the self-improvement army in Wusong, hired German instructors, and imitated the German army in all scales and systems.On the other hand, in Beiyang, Hu Yufen was assigned to train the tenth battalion of the Dingwu Army, and the former camp of Shengjun led by Zhou Shengkun and Zhou Shengbo was used as a training ground.Sheng Jun used to farm in Xiaozhan, so there were complete barracks and cultivated rice fields. Since Sheng Jun was annihilated in the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of Jiawu, the small station was also abandoned, and Dingwu Army used it as a barracks.

While training the new army, the Qing government organized patrol battalions in various provinces.The patrol battalion was selected from the old green battalion and the brave battalion, and another civilian was recruited to organize it. Its nature is to protect the place, such as the police and security team. Its organization is divided into cavalry and infantry. There are a total of 189 soldiers and husbands, and 135 horses. Each battalion is divided into three posts: "middle", "left" and "right".There are 301 officers, officials, and husbands in the entire battalion, and each battalion is also divided into three posts: "middle", "left", and "right".There are patrol battalions in every province, and they are divided into several roads according to local needs, with "center", "front", "left", "right", "rear" or "east", "west" and "south" , "North", and the difference, each road has a leader.The battalions of infantry and horses are commanded by management belts and sentry officers, and those who train new-style gun exercises are assigned the post of instructor.

Of course, the rules and regulations of the patrol battalion did not conform to the tactical principle, but it was an army that had undergone new training and used new weapons. If there is a way, it will be filled when there is a shortage, so people call it the universal alternate way), and they know nothing about the new military knowledge, so the patrol battalion has become a nameless one, not much different from the flash in the pan of the brave camp. The patrol battalion existed until the time of Xinhai, when the provinces became independent one after another, and the patrol battalion was changed into a divisional brigade or a guard team or a security team.The only exception is Xinjiang, where patrol battalions still existed until the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932).

In October of the twenty-first year of Guangxu (1895), Prince Chun Yizhen, Prince Qing Yikui, Ministers of Military Aircraft Weng Tonghe, Li Hongzhuo, and Rong Lu discussed and asked to reform the military system and gradually train new troops to replace those who could not "protect the Qing Dynasty and defend the country". "Green battalion", so they trained the new army near Beijing.At this time, the governor of Zhili was Wang Wenshao.At first, the Qing court sent Changlu salt transport envoy Hu Fufen to Xiaozhan for training. This army was named "Dingwu Army" and German Hannagan was hired as an instructor.A few months later, Hu Yufen was transferred to be the supervisor of the Luhan Railway, so the Manchu Qing government reassigned Yuan Shikai to stay at the small station with the title of Zhejiang Wenchudao to join the Dingwu Army, and renamed it "New Army".The Dingwu Army originally had more than 4,000 people, but after Yuan took over the reunification, it expanded to 7,000 people, and established the "New Army Supervision and Training Office". The recommendation of Yuan Shikai to supervise the training of the new army was also co-authored by Prince Chun Yixuan, Prince Qing Yikui, Minister of Military Aircraft Weng Tonghe, Li Hongzhang, and Rong Lu. The excerpts are as follows: "Secret investigation European countries focus on military affairs, rectify them year by year, and strive for excellence. The navy has solidified its strengths, and the army is also known as brave. After China was flattened by Guangdong, it followed the old law, and its habits gradually deepened. There were many disadvantages. Now, if you want to emphasize the way of self-improvement, you must first focus on military training, and if you want to strengthen your troops quickly, you must change the old system. The minister is equal to the winter and month of last year, when the military was in full swing, he once invited the Suyang team to look up to him. Hu Xunfu, the governor of Guangxi, and Hannagen, a foreigner, were sent to recruit and start the event in Tianjin. Afterwards, the foreigner planned to run various festivals, but there were too many obstacles, so they stopped immediately. In addition, Hu Xunfen trained the tenth battalion of the Dingwu Army, using Western methods, and the pace The orders and orders are very neat. Although they are not the strengths of the Western Kingdom, they are indeed the guide for the way forward. Now Hu Yifen is ordered to supervise the construction of the Jinlu Railway, and the Dingwu Army has no one to take over the command. Commissioner, Yuan Shikai from Wenchu ​​Road, Zhejiang Province, is simple and brave, knows how to command, and has a good reputation in North Korea... Correspondingly, Yuan Shikai was sent to supervise the training of the new army. , 3,000 troops, 1,000 artillerymen, 250 horsemen, 500 engineering teams, and 2,000 additional troops, 250 horsemen, a total of 7,000 people. The number, that is to say, is to be handled according to the salary regulations proposed by the Dao, and the regular salary is about 70,000 taels of silver per month. The most important thing is to use it to teach foreigners. Choose a business and hire an order... If it can be effective, it is planned to gradually expand..." Yuan Shikai was appointed to preside over the training of the new army, and began his brilliant life from then on, which is the small station training. At that time, Hu Yunfen and Yuan Shikai were the most active in urging the Qing court to reorganize the army.Hu Zeng asked Wang Xiuzhi of Ningbo to edit and draft the "Reports on Training Soldiers in Time" handed over by the British envoy.Wang Wenci was quick and well-versed in the study of the New Deal, so he wrote two drafts. The first draft was based on the English envoy's post, and the second draft was embellished with words.Hu sent the second draft to Prince Qing and Ronglu, the five ministers who supervised the military affairs of the capital, and Hu Yin had to train the tenth battalion of the Dingwu Army; The four of Pan Kejun became allied brothers.At that time, the famous prostitutes in Houjiaxiang in Beijing were Shen Sishi, Hua Meiqing, Hua Baoqin, Lin Zhisheng, Sai Jinhua and so on.Yuan held a banquet in the Dashi class every day, in order to respond to Wang Xiuzhi, and asked Wang Dai to draw up a military training report. Wang Nai handed over the first draft that had been drawn up by Zeng Dai Hu, that is, the post on the military training of the British envoys.Yuan's character is very delicate at critical moments. He got the manuscript handed in by the king, recited it in the morning and evening, kept the main points in mind, and then corrected it, asking Ronglu to play it on his behalf.Rong questioned Yuan one by one in detail, and Yuan answered them one by one fluently.Rong Da was greatly rewarded, so he took Yuan to meet Prince Chun and Prince Qing. Yuan also responded fluently, and he was able to grasp the main points better than Hu Yifen. In addition, Hu is from Shaoxing, and his official language is not as fluent as Yuan, so Yuan Sui had to replace Hu to train troops at the small station. The small station is 70 miles away from Tianjin. It was originally named Xinnong Town, a small station between Tianjin and Dagu Railway Station. It was desolate at first, but after the construction of the railway, Xinnong Town became a small station, which is a must for the railway. So it became more and more lively, and the new place name of Xiaozhan gradually replaced the old place name of Xinnong Town. This place had earlier been stationed by part of the Huai army under the jurisdiction of Li Hongzhang.The Huai army imitated the ancient method of garrisoning fields, digging rivers to divert water to grow rice and rice. It took 20 years to garrison the army. After the Huai army dispersed, the barracks at the small station became abandoned. Yuan Shikai was only 37 years old this year. The work of the Qing government to build and train the new army created a shortcut for him to call the wind and rain, soar through the clouds and fog, cultivate his own power, and replace the Qing Dynasty. At this time, the Qing government encouraged all provinces to build and train new armies, and the governors of all provinces rushed to recruit well-known foreign or domestic military talents to act as the actual hosts of military training institutions.Yuan Shikai learned from Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang, and Li Hongzhang, and "knows soldiers" as a literati. He once wrote a military book and showed that he was a versatile man in both civil and military affairs in North Korea. Therefore, Li Hongzhang appreciated him very much, and Li Lianying, the favorite supervisor of the Queen Mother, Be bought by him.When he presided over the training work of the "new army", the biggest difference between him and the governors of other provinces was that his chief of staff was not a new military talent, and he had no military achievements at all, but a scholar who was born in the Imperial Academy who was good at poetry and poetry. Xu Shichang.In addition to asking Xu Shichang as a staff officer, Yuan also asked Tang Shaoyi to be a copywriter. Although Yuan Shikai considered himself versatile in both civil and military affairs, he had no actual knowledge of military affairs after all, and the two major civil and military staff he selected did not understand military affairs. military talent.It was mentioned earlier that there is a military training school in Tianjin, which was founded by Li Hongzhang, and the head office of the military training school was Yinchang, a Taoist priest from the banner.Yuan Shikai asked Yinchang to recommend military talents, and Yinchang recommended Feng Guozhang, Duan Qirui, Liang Huadian and Wang Shizhen, who graduated from the Armed Forces Academy. Yuan Shikai desperately needed military cadres at this time, so when Yinchang introduced these graduates from the Armed Forces Academy to meet him, he immediately appointed Feng Guozhang as the supervisor of the Infantry Academy and the head of the Battalion Supervision Office, and Duan Qirui as the supervisor of the Artillery Academy. The supervisor and commander of the artillery battalion, Wang Shizhen is the chief instructor of the martial arts hall and the commander of the engineering battalion.The Infantry, Artillery, and Engineer Schools are all military schools attached to the new army. Therefore, these three officers not only have to lead troops, but also take care of training. It is conceivable that the roles played by Yuan Shikai are heavy; How few military talents can be absorbed at that time.Because Wang, Duan, and Feng became the three pillars of Yuan Shikai's new army, they were nicknamed Dragon (Wang Shizhen), Tiger (Duan Qirui), and Dog (Feng Guozhang). It is the "Three Heroes of Beiyang".The origins of the three Beiyang masters are different: Wang Shizhen, whose name is Pinqing, is from Zhengding County, Zhili. His background is the most special.His family was poor, and he first herded cattle for others, and then joined Yang Ruisheng, the commander-in-chief of Chaoyang Town, as Ma Bian.Yang Ruisheng was from Xiangtan, Hunan, and Yang Du, known as the culprit of Hong Xian, was his nephew.Although Wang Shizhen's surname is Wang, she is not Shizhen.One year Nie Shicheng compiled and trained the new military guard army and called out military talents from Yang Ruisheng. Yang Ruisheng made a list and recommended a group of cadres, one of whom was the guard Wang Shizhen.It just so happened that this Wang Mabian was capable and determined to make progress. Zongbing Yang had already sent out the insurance policy. Without Wang Shizhen, he asked Wang Mabian to pretend to be Wang Shizhen and report to the Wuwei New Army under his name.Not long after he arrived in the Wuwei New Army, he was selected by the Wuwei New Army and sent to the Wubei Academy to study for three years. He once participated in the Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War. After the war, he was stationed in Lutai with Nie Shicheng.He has been falsely using the name of Wang Shizhen, but the real Wang Shizhen fell into poverty in his later years and fell into the job of cooking in Yang Ruisheng's home.Duan Qirui, whose name is Zhiquan, is from Hefei, Anhui Province. After graduating from the Armed Forces Academy, he was sent to Germany to study military affairs.Feng Guozhang, courtesy name Huafu, was a native of Hejian County, Zhili Province. He was born as a scholar. He graduated from the infantry class of the Armed Forces Academy.It was only a short time since Liang Huadian arrived at the small station. Perhaps because of his lack of fame, he stumbled and fell into the water during a night operation and drowned.If he is here, the Beiyang Three Masters may become the Beiyang Four Masters. Yuan Shikai believed that there was a basic reason why the Qing army could not fight, that is, all the establishment and organization could not meet the times, so it was necessary to reform the basic military system, use Western methods, and train seriously.Therefore, he was allowed to refine 12,000 people as the basic force of the new army.These include eight battalions of infantry, a total of 8,000 people; two battalions of artillery, a total of 2,000 people; two battalions of cavalry, each with 500 people, a total of 1,000 people;A total of 12,000 people.Mainly the army, supplemented by the artillery team, the cavalry patrol, and the engineering team for temporary dispatch.In terms of establishment, it is divided into two wings, with two leaders, and a sub-command and a sub-command for training. Each sub-command governs two thousand troops, two thousand artillery teams, and one thousand cavalry teams.It is organized as follows: A newly-built army troop battalion will be set up with a commanding officer and one member to govern the entire battalion, one assistant commanding officer, four supervisory officers, 12 sentry officers, 24 post chiefs, and four supervising and platoon post chiefs. A new Army Artillery Battalion was established, with a commanding officer in charge of the entire battalion.Gang commander and a member of the left-wing leader, in charge of the three posts.There are three deputy leaders and post officers, nine post chiefs, and two heavy artillery pieces each.He is a member of the Paoma post chief, a member of the gang commander and a right-wing leader, and is in charge of the three posts.There are three deputy leaders and post officers, 12 post chiefs, one post chief who supervises and inspects the horse artillery, and one leader who is also the leader of the horse artillery team, and is in charge of the three posts.There are three deputy leaders and sentry officers.There are nine postmasters.A member of the cannon horse whistle chief. A new Army Cavalry Battalion was established, with a commanding officer in charge of the entire battalion.There is one gang commander, four commanders and one sentry officer, eight sentry officials, and 12 sentry chiefs. A new Army Engineering Battalion will be built, with one supervisor, one assistant officer, one commissioner, one bridge management officer, the fourth carpentry team, the first ironworker team, and the second hydraulic engineering team.One member of the management team of the base division, the fourth construction team, the first masonry team, the second basket worker team, and the second geotechnical team.One officer in charge of the Electric Lightning Division, the third Thunder Brigade, one officer in charge of the Equipment Repair Division, the first gun repair ironworker team, the second gun repair blacksmith team, and the first machine repair carpenter team.Manage a member of the Surveying and Mapping Division, a Surveying and Mapping Team, and a Indian Chemical Corps.A member of the management team of the Telegraph Division and a team of craftsmen. The newly-built Army Supervision and Training Department has a training officer, a military battalion officer who inspects the entire army's staff, a law enforcement battalion officer, a battalion supervisory officer, and 14 vanguard officers who supervise the inspection team.In addition, there are 13 foreign instructors in the Teaching and Learning Office, 13 translators, one member of the General Office of the Food and Rating Bureau, two members of the Management, Purchasing and Manufacturing Committee, one member of the General Office of the Ordnance Bureau, two members of the Sending and Receiving Committee, one medical officer of the Military Medical Bureau, and a deputy A member of the medical officer, as well as the Transit Bureau and the Detective Bureau. The newly-built army required 2,400 tents, all of which were made of foreign canvas. Every soldier was equipped with foreign raincoats, rain hats and foreign blankets, and each post was equipped with foreign watches, binoculars and compass.Every second battalion has a marching radio station.Each officer has a supervising team with a waist knife and a pistol.This is the army organization during the small station training. Yuan Shikai took the order in October of the 21st year of Guangxu (1895) and commanded the Dingwu Army with Zhejiang Wen Chudao.After he got the decree, he arranged everything, set off from Beijing, and Trent went to the small station to take office.He first repaired the abandoned bases of the Huai army, expanded the camp base, and at the same time requested that the military army be changed to the new army training office to rectify its name, and send deputy general Wu Changchun and others to various places in Zhun, Xu, Shandong, and Henan to issue forms and recruit strong men; He also sent the governor Wei Deqing to wait at the Xinmin Hall to recruit cavalry and buy horses; there are also specifications for weapons.He felt that although the Dingwu Army had only 4,000 people, the guns used were not uniform at all. Some were made in Japan, some in Russia, and some were made in Germany. New and uniform rifles, lances, rapid-fire guns, etc. On November 6, the 21st year of Guangxu, the new army was approved to form. The infantry in the center of the formation was divided into left and right wings. The left wing had two battalions, supported by rapid-fire artillery, heavy artillery, and cavalry; the right wing had three battalions, supported by artillery.Divide the cavalry into four teams, select veteran generals and students to supervise the battalion, and study the operation method.The engineering battalion is divided into six divisions: repairing equipment, bridges, bases, lightning, telegraphs, and surveying and mapping.In addition, more German military instructors, as well as Japanese and American military instructors were invited, and a German school was established in the barracks to teach German, because the training of the new army was still dominated by German military instructors.Other affiliated units include: Food and Rating Bureau, Ordnance Bureau, Transshipment Bureau, Western Affairs Bureau, etc. Because the small station training is completely new, with many names and a lot of money, it is attacked by ordinary conservatives.In the 22nd year of Guangxu (1896), Hu Jinggui, the imperial censor, participated in the impeachment. He believed that the military affairs of the small station were a waste of state money. The Qing court sent Rong Lu to the small station to inspect in detail, and at the same time examine the progress of training.Rong Lu was Cixi's celebrity at that time, he inspected very carefully, and because of this, he further appreciated Yuan's talent and the achievements of the new army he trained. Ronglu's report reached the hands of Cixi and Guangxu, and these two most authoritative figures also had a deep impression on Yuan. Guangxu was determined to innovate at this time. Although he didn't know how to do it yet, he could accept new things and new suggestions.Because of Yuan Shikai's achievements in training the new army, coupled with his past practices in North Korea, Guangxu began to have a good impression of this young Taoist. Cixi also got to know Yuan, because she obeyed Rong Lu's words. Rong Lu had personally seen Yuan's military training work and praised Yuan very much, so Yuan's ability and promise are inevitable. The military training at the small station gave Yuan Shikai the opportunity to show his ability and the conditions to build his wings, which also enabled him to gain the attention of the most powerful people at that time. In February of the twenty-fifth year of Guangxu (1899), Rong Lu once again visited the small station school to build a new army. He was very satisfied with the size, training, spirit, and formation of the new army, and he greatly appreciated it.He told Yuan Shikai that he had received Cixi's secret decree, authorizing him to organize a brand new army in Beiyang.In his mind, he believed that this new army should be modeled on the new army, so he asked Yuan Shikai to propose to him a specific plan for the formation of the new Beiyang army. Yuan Shikai spent three days drafting the military system and organization of the new army. All of them followed the example of the new army. There were five armies in total, and each army had eight battalions: five battalions of infantry, one battalion of artillery, one battalion of cavalry, One battalion, with a cadet battalion attached.Each battalion has a commander, who leads four leaders, and each leader leads a team of 250 people, so each battalion has 1,000 people.It is stipulated that the soldiers in each battalion must be paid in full, and the salary and food will be distributed according to the person, so that there is enough food for the soldiers. Rong Lu immediately accepted Yuan Shikai's offer and named the new army "Wuwei Army".The Wuwei Army is divided into five armies: the Wuwei Front Army, the Wuwei Rear Army, the Wuwei Left Army, the Wuwei Right Army, and the Wuwei Central Army.Rong Lu served as the commander-in-chief of the Wuwei Army and also commanded the Wuwei Central Army. Ma Yukun commanded the Wuwei Front Army, Nie Shicheng commanded the Wuwei Left Army, Yuan Shikai commanded the Wuwei Right Army, and Dong Fuxiang commanded the Wuwei Rear Army, each with more than 9,000 soldiers.The Wuwei Youjun was reorganized from the new army, and it is the most complete and elite unit in the Wuwei Army.The Wuwei Central Army is re-recruited, mainly bannermen, and all scales refer to the new army, so there are also 10,000 people, and they are all young and strong.The Wuwei Front Army, Wuwei Rear Army, and Wuwei Zuo Army were reorganized from the old Yanlong Army. For example, Dong Fuxiang's Wuwei Rear Army was reorganized from the Gan Army, so the habits and organization of the old Yongying camp still exist, which is very undisciplined.Although Rong Lu ordered them to reorganize on the spot, the reorganization work was very slow. After the establishment of the Wuwei Army, Yuan often traveled between Beijing and Tianjin. His family was prosperous, and Empress Dowager Cixi specially rewarded him for riding a horse and taking a tugboat inside the Xiyuan Gate. These privileges are extremely honorable for a minister.