Chapter 23 Chapter 20 The Prosperity of the Sui and Tang Dynasties

The monarchs of the Northern Dynasties were licentious and tyrannical, and some were able to govern with great efforts. The former represented Hu Feng, and the latter represented Sinicization.Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty was a perfect example of the latter.He is diligent in political affairs and can practice frugality by himself.During his reign, the exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes of the Northern Dynasty were all removed, and the treasury was full, the storage was abundant everywhere, and the national budget was unprecedented.The Turks have accumulated habits in the last years of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and they are endlessly searching.If China cannot satisfy its desires, it will support Gao Qi's survivors and make things difficult for China.Emperor Wen resolutely made a plan to conquer and defeated his army.They also alienated the Datou Khan in the west and Shabolue, the great Khan, in the west, and the Turks were divided into east and west.Emperor Wen also took his daughter-in-law as his wife, Tuli Khan in the East.His great khans are all angry and attack suddenly.Tuli fled to China, between Xia and Sheng states in China (Xia state, in the north of Hengshan County, Shaanxi today; Sheng state, in today's Suiyuan Ordos Left Wing Back Banner on the west bank of the Yellow River), and was given the title of Qimin Khan.Dulan died, Qimin was aided by the Sui Dynasty, and all his people surrendered to the Sui Dynasty.Since the end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the mentality of fearing Beidi has changed.

In the era of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, the political situation in China did turn for the better.But culture can't make a sudden change, so it can't be without some twists and turns.The crown prince Yong of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty had the nature of Huhua.The second son, Emperor Yangdi, had the nature of licentiousness and suspicion of the monarchs of the Southern Dynasties.The prince was abolished because of his unhappiness with the Dugu family after Emperor Wen.Emperor Yangdi established Luoyang as his eastern capital.Open Jiqu to connect Hangou and Jiangnan River.The emperor travels between Luoyang and Jiangdu on a dragon boat.He also caused Pei Ju to attract the barbarians of the Western Regions, and all the places they passed had to be paid for by large camps.It also lured the Western Turks to donate land, and established four counties: Xihai, Heyuan, Shanshan, and Qiemo (Xihai County, which should be the land near Qinghai. Heyuan County should be in the southwest of it. Shanshan and Qiemo were both the names of the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty. It should be established in its old place. The Shanshan Kingdom is in the south of today's Lop Nur. And the Mo Kingdom is on the Cheercheng River), and the sinners should be exiled.In 611, 613, and 614, troops were sent to attack Goguryeo three times, causing turmoil in the world and chaos everywhere.Seeing that the Central Plains were in chaos, Emperor Yangdi had no intention of returning to the north and stayed in Jiangdu. In 618, he was killed by his subordinates.At that time, the heroes in the north were Dou Jiande from Hebei and Li Mi from Henan.However, Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, stayed behind in Taiyuan, raised troops in 617, occupied Guanzhong in the west, and pacified Hexi and Longyou. The situation was the most complete.After the death of Emperor Yangdi, he brought Wang Shichong back to the north with a crowd, according to Luoyang.Li Mi was defeated by him and surrendered to Tang Dynasty.He went out to seek rebellion again, and was killed by Tang generals.Tang soldiers surrounded Luoyang, and Dou Jiande came to rescue him. Tang soldiers were defeated and captured, and Shichong also surrendered.Of the separatists in the south, Xiao Xian in Jiangling was the largest, and was also destroyed by the Tang Dynasty.Between the Jianghuai River and the Huaihe River, there were Chen Leng, Li Zitong, Shen Faxing, Du Fuwei, etc., who rose up one after another, and later all merged with Du Fuwei, and Fuwei descended to Tang Dynasty.The heroes in the north and those who were attached to the Turks were also shattered one after another.About ten years after the death of the Sui Dynasty, the world was restored.

After the Tang Dynasty claimed to be Li Hao from Xiliang, people around the world also suspected that he was from the Hu nationality. Whether you believe it or not is irrelevant. The characteristic of a nation is culture rather than blood.In the Tang Dynasty, except for Taizong Prince Chengqian who had the nature of Huhua and was abolished because it was incompatible with the culture of the time, the rest could not point out some Huhua nature, so it should be considered that the Han nationality is undoubtedly.Although the founding king of the Tang Dynasty was the great ancestor, most of his career was done by Taizong.After the world was established, his elder brother Prince Jiancheng and his brother Qi Wang Yuanji wanted to murder him, but they were killed by Emperor Taizong.According to Emperor Gaozu's biography of being located in Taizong, the "Government of Zhenguan" was established during the twenty-three years from 627 to 649 AD.According to historical records of his accomplishments, as for those who traveled thousands of miles without food, and the age of death sentence was only thirty-nine, this is certainly a whitewash, but at that time the world was full of prosperity and happiness, so it must not be false.The systems of the Sui and Tang dynasties, such as the official system, elections, taxation, military, punishment, etc., can also organize the systems of the previous dynasties. Please refer to Chapters 42 to 46 for clarification.

The external situation also opened a new era at this time.Due to the chaos at the end of the Sui Dynasty, the Turks regained their strength, and there were millions of people who controlled them.The heroes who rose up in the north all respected it, and it was the same when Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty first rose, and the Turks became more proud.The world is established, donating bequests cannot satisfy their desires, even if they invade every year, or even three or four times a year, thousands of miles to the north, they will be troubled everywhere.Because of the famine and the rebellion of his subordinates, Taizong sent troops to attack and captured Jieli Khan in 630.The prosperity of the Turks was originally attached to Tie Le.At this time, among the tribes of Tiele, Xue Yantuo and Huihe were the strongest.After the Turks died, Xue Yantuo continued to live in their land. In 644, Taizong took advantage of the civil strife to cut it off.Uighurs moved to live in their land, and they were very careful about China.In the Western Regions, Emperor Taizong used troops in Gaochang, Yanqi, and Qiuci, and made the four towns of Qiuci, Khotan, Yanqi, and Shule.In the southwest, they conquered Tuyuhun in present-day Qinghai.In the land of Tibet, the country of women began to communicate with China in the Sui Dynasty.In the Tang Dynasty, there was a tribe that first migrated from India to the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, called Tubo.The British lord abandoned the sect and praised it. During the time of Taizong, he began to communicate with China. The daughter of Shangzong, Princess Wencheng, was the herald of Tibet's Buddhistization.Taizong was also sent to India.Just in time for its civil strife, the envoy Wang Xuance mobilized soldiers from Tubo and Nibala to defeat it.And the southern sea road traffic is also very extensive.Only Goguryeo, Taizong sent his soldiers to attack it, but still failed.This is because since the Jin Dynasty, the Northeast has been too empty, and it is not easy for teachers to attack from afar.It was not until 663 and 668 that Gaozong took advantage of the civil strife and wiped out Baekje and Goguryeo successively.The territory of the Turkic West was originally very wide.Its westernmost Khazar tribe has already connected with Eastern Rome.Gaozong also put it down because of the civil strife.Separate the two capitals.The prefectures and states under its jurisdiction extend to Persia in the west.The external prestige of the Tang Dynasty can be said to have reached its peak so far.Because of the great prestige of the country, the culture of our country and the culture of other countries have played the role of communication and interweaving.In the northeastern corner, since Goguryeo and Baekje Pyongyang, Silla has paid great attention to the promotion of culture.Japan also repeatedly sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty, bringing many monks and overseas students.The nationalization of the southern part of the Korean peninsula and Japan is actually at this time.The aftermath spread to the Manchus.At the end of the 7th century AD, the Bohai State was established, and all systems followed China as a model.Although the south is a place where Buddhism prevails, Annan is still a county in China at this time, leaving a cultural stronghold for China in the south.In the west, the Great Food Empire flourished at this time, and its territory extended to Congling in the east.Dashi is culturally inherited from ancient Greece and led the way for the revival of modern Europe.China and Dashi have little contact politically, but they are quite related to each other culturally.The knowledge of Islamic scriptures and almanacs had already been imported into China.Even Maniteism and Christianity were oppressed by Islam before they spread to the East.Printing, compass needles, and gunpowder, which are known as the source of modern European civilization, were also directly introduced to the Islamic country through the Chinese, and then introduced to Europe through the hands of the Islamic people.